Tm hiu v cng ngh SDH Nguyn nhn s ra i ca cng ngh SDH: Cc phn cp s cn ng b PDH c tc bit tiu chun thp,

, khng c kh nng truyn ti tn hiu bng rng. Ti cc nt xen/r ca PDH phi s dng mt lng thit b ng k. V ti cc nt y phi tch tt c cc knh t lung tng, r knh theo yu cu, ghp cc knh thnh lung tng tip tc truyn i. Mt khc, PDH cha c tiu chun ho quc t cc giao din kt ni, do khng p ng c nhu cu pht trin nhanh chng cc dch v vin thng. Cc khi nim c bn C-n: Conten mc n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4). Mc 1 ca Bc M k hiu C-11 v ca Chu u k hiu C-12. Cc mc cn li c mt ch s. C-n c chc nng sp xp lung nhnh PDH tng ng, n thm cc byte khng mang tin cho s byte nh mc ca khung chun C-n VC-n: Conten o VC-n c chc nng sp xp tn hiu C-n, chn thm bit chuyn lung vo cn ng b thnh lung ra ng b, b sung cc byte mo u tuyn (VC -n POH). C hai loi conten o: Conten o mc thp gm VC-11, VC-12, VC-2, VC-3 v conten o mc cao lVC-4. Ngoi cc conten o, khuy n ngh G.707/Y.1322 cn quy nh cc loi conten o kt chui nh: VC -4-4c, VC-416c, VC-4-64c v VC-4-256c. TU-n: Con tr khi nhnh mc n (n = 11, 12 v 3). Con tr khi nhnh c chc nng ng chnh tc bit v tc khung tn hiu ghp VC-n mc thp cho ph hp vi tc bit cng nh tc khung ca tn hiu VC-n mc cao hn. TUG-n: Nhm khi nhnh mc n (n = 2, 3) Nhm khi nhnh ghp xen byte cc tn hiu TU-n mc thp thnh khung chun TUG-2 hoc ghp cc tn hiu TUG-2 thnh khung chun TUG-3. Cng c th sp xp tn hiu TU-3 thnh khung TUG-3. AU-n: Con tr khi qun l mc n (n = 3, 4). Con tr khi qun l ng chnh tc bit v tc khung ca tn hiu ghp VC-3 hoc VC-4 cho ph hp vi tc bit v tc khung ca tn hiu AUG.

STM-N: Mun truyn dn ng b mc N (N = 1, 4, 16, 64 v 256). STM-N Ghp xen byte N tn hiu AUG, mo u on v con tr khi qun l AU-n thnh khung STM-N. Con tr : C ba loi con tr: Con tr khi qun l AU-4, con tr khi nhnh mc cao TU3, v con tr khi nhnh mc thp TU-12. Con tr AU-4 c s dng ng chnh v tr khung VC-3 hoc VC-4 trong khung AUG thng qua vic ch th v tr byte J1 ca VC-3 hoc VC-4 trong khung AUG. Con tr TU-3 c chc nng ng chnh v tr cc khung VC-3 trong khung VC-4 thng qua vic ch th v tr byte J1 ca VC-3 trong khung VC-4. Con tr TU-12 c chc nng ng chnh v tr a khung VC-12 trong a khung TU-12 thng qua vic ch th v tr byte V5 ca a khung VC-12 trong a khung TU-12. Cc chun tc bit SDH Tc bit phn cp SDH c 6 mc. Mc 0 c tc bit l 51, 84 Mbit /s. Mc 1 c tc bit l 155,52 Mbit/s. Tc bit cc mc 4 tr ln l bi s nguyn ca tc bit mc 1. Su mc tc bit bao gm: STM-0 = 51,840 Mbit/s STM-1 = 155,520 Mbit/s STM- 4 = 622,08 Mbit/s STM- 16 = 2048,32 Mbit/s STM- 64 = 9953,28 Mbit/s STM- 256 = 39813,120 Mbit/s Cc lung nhnh PDH u vo thit b ghp SDH c ITU-T chp nhn gm: - Theo tiu chun Chu u: 2,048 Mbit/s; 8,448 Mbit/s; 34,368 Mbit/s v 139,264 Mbit/s. - Theo tiu chun Bc M: 1,544 Mbit/s; 6,312 Mbit/s v 44,376 Mbit/s Chun tc cc VC o:

S ghp knh SDH:

Mun to thnh khung STM-1 c th p dng mt s phng php sau y: (1) Ghp mt lung nhnh 139,264 Mbit/s; (2) Ghp 3 lung nhnh 34,368 Mbit/s; (3) Ghp 63 lung nhnh 2,048 Mbit/s; Cc byte mo u:

Trong cng vic Noc-mon ta cn quan tm n cc byte K1, K2. K1, K2 l Knh truyn tn hiu chuyn mch bo v. Chc nng ca byte K1 v K2 c cho nh hnh sau:

Mng truyn dn SDH Cc loi thit b c s dng: Hin nay trn mng thng tin quang c hai loi thit b ghp: Thit b ghp u cui (TRM) v thit b ghp xen r (ADM). Th d, b ghp STM-1 cung cp cc giao din cho 63 lung nhnh 2,048 Mbit/s to thnh lung s 155,52 Mbit/s l mt loi cu hnh TRM. B ghp u cui quang (OLTM) l mt th d khc ca TRM c chc nng ghp cc lung s tc thp thnh lung s c tc cao v chuy n tn hiu in thnh tn hiu quang truy n trn si quang. Ph thuc vo c tnh ca thit b ca nh cung cp, TRM cng c th cung cp giao din ng b, o th, bo dng v iu hnh. Mng ng b hin nay cn s dng cu hnh hai thit b u cui lng i lng truy n tn hiu t si quang vo n si quang ra ti a im trung gian nh ni cho in nhn cng. Thit b ni cho s khng s dng cu hnh hai u cui lng u lng m s dng thit b chuy n mch t ng c gi l thit b ni cho s ng b v k hiu l SDXC. Mt loi thit b khc t ti a im trung gian c th ly ra mt s lung nhnh tc thp t lung tng v ngc li a mt s lung nhnh nhp vo lung tng. y chnh l thit b xen-r ADM. Chng hn ti mt trm trung gian c th tch mt s lung 2,048 Mbit/s t lung tng STM-1 = 155,52 Mbit/s a vo tng i in t s. T tng i in t s, cc lung 2,048 Mbit/s a vo b ghp SDH cng cc lung 2,048 Mbit/s khc hnh thnh lung STM -1 tip tc truy n trn si quang ti ADM tip theo. Trong h thng vi ba s, thit b ghp u cui tch ri thit b thu pht siu cao tn. Nhng trong mng thng tin quang ng b th thit b ghp u cui hoc ADM hp nht vi mun quang. Cu hnh u cui s dng trong mng im ni im v mng a im. Cu hnh ADM s dng trong mng a im v c trong mng vng. Cu hnh mng c s dng ca FTEL Cu hnh im ni im Cu hnh im ni im bao gm hai thit b ghp u cui (TRM) c kt ni trc tip hoc qua cc thit b lp hay cn gi l thit b ti sinh (REG) bng mt cp si quang.

V dc theo h thng khng c cc nt trung gian (ADM), ch c hai nt u

cui nn dung lng tng thp. Hn na khi cp b t th thng tin ton tuyn b gin on. Mun duy tr thng tin lin lc 24/24 th phi t chc tuyn d phng c lp vi tuyn chnh. Tuyn d phng c th l vi ba s, hoc thng tin v tinh, hoc mt tuyn cp quang i song song v cch xa tuyn chnh. Cc gii php ny u khng kinh t. Ngoi ra, loi cu hnh ny khng thch hp cho cc vng min c yu cu t chc thng tin lin lc ti cc a im m tuyn i qua. Cu hnh mng a im: Cu hnh chui hay cn gi l cu hnh a im c cu trc nh hnh 4.8. Trong cu hnh ny, ngoi hai nt u cui TRM cn c cc nt ADM v cc nt lp REG. Cc nt ny c kt ni vi nhau bng mt cp si quang:

Cu hnh a im thch hp cho cc h thng ko di qua cc im dn c tp trung, ti mt thu bao cao. Cu hnh ny khng nhng c s dng trn mng quc gia, m c trn m ng quc t. Ph thuc vo loi si quang v bc sng pht ca laser m c ly on lp hoc on ghp ngn hay di. Th d, tn hiu quang truyn trong ca s th hai ca si quang n mode th c ly on ghp c th t ti gn mt trm km. Nu c ly on ghp vt qu di cho php c tnh ton khi thit k h thng th phi s dng thit b lp. Tuy nhin, khi cp b t hoc hng nt th thng tin lin lc gia cc nt s b chia ct thnh tng vng v thng tin ton tuyn s b gin on. Mun duy tr mng phi c mt h thng khc d phng c lp vi h thng hot ng. Cu hnh mng vng Cu hnh vng hay cn gi l cu hnh ring. Trong cu hnh vng li c phn thnh cu hnh mt vng v nhiu vng. Cu hnh mng mt vng bao gm ti thiu ba nt (trm) ADM kt ni vi nhau bi mt cp si quang. Cu hnh vng cn gi l cu hnh kn phn bit vi cu hnh h trnh by trn y:

Cu hnh vng c kh nng duy tr thng tin lin lc lin tc ngay c trong trng hp t cp ti mt im bt k hay ti mt nt bt k. Kh nng nh vy gi l t hi phc nh chuy n mch bo v t ng. S d nh vy l nh c cc si quang d phng bn cnh cc si quang hot ng v t trong cng mt cp. Do mi vng khng c kt ni qu 16 ADM nn chu vi ca vng b hn ch. Ni mt cch khc, cu hnh mt vng khng thch hp cho mng rng ln nh mng quc gia hoc quc t.