Deterministiki kaos

Jednadbe gibanja materijalne toke

1.

v vo at

a 2
x xo vo t t
2

F
v vo t
m

2.

F = - kx

x xo vo t

x = xosin(t + o)
k

F
a
m
F 2
t
2m

v = vocos(t + o)
vo = xo

Dinamiki sustav
Varijable
Parametri
Predodreenost (determiniranost) dinamikog sustava

Regularni reim
Deterministike jednadbe
Klasini determinizam

Deterministiki kaos
Kaotini reim

m1 = k1 mo
m2 ~ V2 V2 ~ ( h)2 h ~ m1
m2 = k2 (m1)2 = k2 (k1 mo)2
m1 = mo + m1 - m2
= mo + k1 mo - k2 (k1 mo)2

m1 m0 (1 k1 k12 k 2 m0 )
1 k1 k12 k 2 k

m1 = kmo(1 - mo)

kmn (1 - mn) 1
0k4

mn+1 = kmn(1 - mn)

deterministika
jednadba

Regularni i kaotini reim

Iteracija, iterandi
Vremenska serija
1. a) k = 1,6; mo = 0,90000000
m1 = 0,14400003 m2 = 0,19722242 m3 = 0,25332118 m4 = 0,30263930
..................................................................................................................................
m19 = 0,37499988 m20 = 0,37499996 m21 = 0,37500000 m22 = 0,37500000

Atraktor perioda 1
b) k = 1,6; mo = 0,50000000
m1 = 0,40000000 m2 = 0,38400000 m3 = 0,37847040 m4 = 0,37636888
..............................................................................................................................
m15 = 0,37500008 m16 =0,37500004 m17 = 0,37500000 m18 =0,37500000

2. a) k = 3,2; mo = 0,90000000
m1 = 0,28800006 m2 = 0,65617928 m3 = 0,72194568 m4 = 0,64236836
...............................................................................................................................
m23 = 0,79945488 m24 = 0,51304572 m25 = 0,79945544 m26 = 0,51304456
m27 = 0,79945552 m28 = 0,51304444 m29 = 0,79945552 m30 = 0,51304444

Atraktor perioda 2
b) k = 3,2; mo = 0,20000000
m1 = 0,51200000 m2 = 0,79953920 m3 = 0,51288404 m4 = 0,79946880
..............................................................................................................................
m6 = 0,79945760 m7 = 0,51304044 m8 = 0,79945584 m9 = 0,51304388
m10 = 0,79945552 m11 = 0,51304444 m12 = 0,79945552 m13 = 0,51304444

3. k = 3,5; mo = 0,90000000
m1 = 0,31500006 m2 = 0,75521256 m3 = 0,64703296 m4 =0,79933456
..................................................................................................................................
m34 =0,87499720 m35 = 0,38281984 m36 = 0,82694080
m37 =0,50088404
m38 = 0,87499728 m39 = 0,38281968 m40 = 0,82694072 m42 = 0,50088420
m42 = 0,87499728 m43 = 0,38281968 m44 = 0,82694072 m45 =0,50088420

Atraktor perioda 4
4. k = 3,55; mo = 0,90000000
m1 = 0,31950006
m2 = 0,77184016 m3 = 0,62516540
m4 = 0,83188432
.........................................................................................................................................
m82 = 0,88168424
m83 = 0,37032584
m84 = 0,82780536 m85 = 0,50603000
m86 = 0,88737088
m87 = 0,35480048
m88 = 0,81265568 m89 = 0,54047480
m90 = 0,88168432
m91 = 0,37032568
m92 = 0,82780520 m93 = 0,50603024
m94 = 0,88737088
m95 = 0,35480048
m96 = 0,81265568 m97 = 0,54047480
m98 = 0,88168432
m99 = 0,37032568
m100 = 0,82780520 m101 = 0,50603024

Atraktor perioda 8

Regularni reim

5. a) k = 3,8; mo = 0,60000000; n = 1000

m1 = 0,91200000 m2 = 0,30497280 m3 = 0,80546464 m4 = 0,59542716
....................................................................................................................................
m997 = 0,91662544 m998 = 0,29040832 m999 = 0,78307104 m1000 = 0,64550896
b) k = 3,8; m0 = 0,60000100; n = 1000
m1 = 0,9119992800 m2 = 0,3049750400 m3 = 0,8054680000 m4 = 0,5954192800
.....................................................................................................................................
m997 = 0,79462408 m998 = 0,62014724 m999 = 0,89514560 m1000 = 0,35666784

Ekstremna osjetljivost na poetne uvjete

Kaotini reim
Kaotini atraktor

6. a) k = 3,8; mo = 0,60000000 (8 decimala)

m1 = 0,91200000 m2 = 0,30497280 m3 = 0,80546464 m4 = 0,59542716
................................................................................................................................
m997 = 0,91662544 m998 = 0,29040832 m999 = 0,78307104 m1000 = 0,64550896

b) k = 3,8; mo = 0,6000000000 (10 decimala)

m1 = 0,9120000000 m2 = 0,3049728000 m3 = 0,8054646784 m4 = 0,5954270208
..................................................................................................................................
m997 = 0,6747984384 m998 = 0,8338929152 m999 = 0,5263588864 m1000 = 0,9473597440

Klasini determinizam u sustavima s kaotinim reimom nije

mogu.

Bifurkacijski dijagram i prozori regularnosti

Otkrie deterministikog kaosa

P.S. Laplace (1749. 1827.), klasini determinizam
H.J. Poincare (1854. 1912.), sumnja u klasini determinizam
E. Lorenz

Deterministiki kaos
Leptirov uinak