Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Mc tiu
Din gii nhng thng tin cn thit Bng cn i k ton, Bo co thu nhp v Bo co dng tin trong vic ra quyt nh ti chnh dgh ca doanh nghip .
Ni dung
I. Bng cn i k ton
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1 Khi nim:
Bng cn i k ton l mt bc tranh ghi nhn gi tr k ton ca DN ti mt thi im nht nh.
Phn nh ti sn m DN ang s hu v cch thc ti tr cho ti sn .
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.2 Cu trc:
Bng cn i k ton l mt bc tranh ghi nhn gi tr k ton ca DN ti mt thi im nht nh.
Phn nh ti sn m DN ang s hu v cch thc ti tr cho ti sn .
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1.1. Ti sn:
Ti sn ca DN l mt ngun lc, do DN kim sot v c th li li ch kinh t trong tng lai. Ti sn l nhng g DN s hu; v tt c nhng g DN c to ra tin. Phn loi: TS lu ng v TS c nh
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1.1.1 Ti sn lu ng:
Bao gm nhng ti sn c th d dng chuyn i thnh tin trong vng 01 nm; v d nh: tin mt, tin gi ngn hng, hng tn kho, phi thu khch hng,...
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1.1.1 Ti sn lu ng:
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1.1.2 Ti sn c nh:
+ Gi tr ln (>= 30 triu ng) + Thi gian s dng lu di (> 01 nm / 01 chu k sxkd) Phn loi TSC: + TSC hu hnh: my mc thit b, nh xng, + TSC v hnh: danh ting, gi tr hnh nh, thng hiu,
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1.2. Ngun vn:
Ngun vn ca DN chnh l ngun ti tr cho ti sn ca DN. Phn loi:
- N ngn hn: n phi c tr trong vng 01 nm. - N di hn: n phi c tr t hn 01 nm tr ln - Vn ch s hu: khon chnh lch gia tng gi tr ti sn v tng gi tr cng n
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
1.1.3 Vn lu ng: Vn lu ng = TS lu ng N ngn hn
@ o lng kh nng ngun tin mt d tr trong 1 nm ti c th tr cc khon n ngn hn
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
Bi tp 1: Doanh nghip A huy ng 500 triu ng bng cch pht hnh tri phiu di hn. DN dng 100 triu ng tr n ngn hng v 400 triu ng dng mua my mc thit b. Ch tiu no trong bng cn i k ton s b thay i? Vn ch s hu c b thay i khng?
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
Bi tp 2: Doanh nghip B c ti sn lu ng l 100.000; ti sn c nh l 350.000, n ngn hn l 50.000 v n di hn l 150.000. Hy tnh gi tr ca vn ch s hu v vn lu ng? (n v tnh: 1.000)
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
03 im chnh cn lu khi xem xt BCKT: (1) tnh thanh khon
(2) n so vi vn ch s hu
(3) gi tr th trng v gi tr s sch
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
(1) Tnh thanh khon: - Mc & kh nng TS c th quy i thnh tin. - Tnh d dng chuyn i so vi s mt gi. Thanh khon cao: TS c th nhanh chng quy i thnh tin m khng b mt gi ng k.
Thanh khon thp: TS khng th quy i nhanh chng thnh tin m khng b gim gi ng k
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
(2) N so vi vn ch s hu: Vn ch s hu = Ti sn N phi tr Vic s dng n trong cu trc vn ca doanh nghip th gi l n by ti chnh. Dng n by ti chnh nh con dao hai li, c th c tt c hoc l mt tt c.
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
(3) Gi tr s sch v gi tr th trng: DN mua 1 xe t cch y 2 nm c gi l 500 triu ng. Ti thi im mua, k ton doanh nghip ghi nhn gi tr ca chic xe l 500 triu ng. Nhng thi im hin ti th chic xe ny tr gi ch cn l 300 triu ng. => 500 tr = gi s sch => 300 tr = gi th trng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
(3) Gi tr s sch v gi tr th trng: Gi tr s sch v gi tr th trng c nhng im g khc nhau. V vi cng v l nh qun tr ti chnh, gi tr no quan trng hn???
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
I. BNG CN I K TON
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Gi vn hng bn Li nhun gp Chi ph hot ng Khu hao Li nhun hot ng Chi ph li vay Li nhun trc thu Thu (25%) Li nhun rng Tr c tc Ths. Phan Th nh ng Thm vo li nhun gi li
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ngy 30/12/2012 tr tin lng cho nhn cng ch bin c ph bng tin mt: 30 triu ng.
-
Ngy 31/12/2012 bn chu cho doanh nghip H mt lng c ph ha tan, tr gi 700 triu ng. Chi ph bn s hng ny l 40tr thanh ton bng tin mt.
-
Ngy 04/02/2013, doanh nghip A mi thanh ton cho ngi bn K s tin mua nguyn liu.
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
III. THU
3.1 Thu thu nhp doanh nghip:
Thu Thu nhp Thu sut TNDN = x tnh thu thu TNDN phi np
Thu nhp Thu nhp TN c Cc khon = chu thu - mim thu + l c k/c tnh thu
III. THU
3.1 Thu thu nhp doanh nghip:
Thu nhp Doanh = thu chu thu
Chi ph hp l
Cc khon + TN khc
Chi ph hp l
= Khu hao +
Chi ph li vay
Chi ph khc
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
III. THU
3.1 Thu thu nhp doanh nghip:
V d: Doanh nghip A c nhng thng tin vo cui nm 2012 nh sau (.v.t: triu ng): + Doanh thu bn hng : 150; + Chi ph hp l : 120; - Thu sut thu TNDN : 25% Yu cu: Hy tnh s thu TNDN phi np.
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
III. THU
3.2 Thu thu nhp c nhn:
Thu Thu nhp Thu sut TNCN = x tnh thu thu TNCN phi np Thu nhp Thu nhp = tnh thu chu thu Cc khon gim tr
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
III. THU
3.2 Thu thu nhp c nhn:
Biu thu ly tin tng phn
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
III. THU
3.2 Thu thu nhp c nhn:
V d: ng Nguyn Vn Bnh c thu nhp t tin lng, tin cng trong thng l 25 triu ng ( tr cc khon bo him bt buc), ng Bnh phi nui 2 con di 18 tui. Trong thng ng ny khng ng gp t thin, nhn o, khuyn hc. Yu cu: Hy tnh s thu TNCN phi np.
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
90 -71 238
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Triu ng 238
-173 -23
42
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
Tm tt
Gi tr s sch th khc vi gi tr th trng. Nh qun tr ti chnh quan tm gi tr th trng hn l gi tr s sch. Li nhun rng th khc vi dng tin. V: khu hao (mt chi ph phi tin mt) c khu tr khi tnh thu nhp/ li nhun rng.
dgh
Dng tin ca doanh nghip bng dng tin ca ch n cng vi dng tin ca ch s hu.
Cch tnh thu TNDN v thu TNCN.
Bit c nhng im cn lu khi nghin cu v nhng thng tin trn BCKT v bo co thu nhp.
Ths. Phan Th nh ng
CM N CC BN dgh THEO DI BI HC
Ths. Phan Th nh ng