ĐTM Xăng dầu Nhà Bè

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE
CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II
Chng I
M AU
1.1- MUC CH BAO CAO
Nhan thc c y ngha va tam quan trong cua cong tac
Bao ve moi trng oi vi s phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
chung cua at nc va s phat trien lau dai cua nganh xang
dau, cac cong ty xang dau a va ang tien hanh xay dng, to
chc, trien khai cac ke hoach phong chong o nhiem moi trng.
Chap hanh luat bao ve moi trng, theo Ngh nh so
175/CP cua Chnh phu ky ngay 18/10/1994 ve viec lap bao cao
anh gia tac ong moi trng cho cac c s ang hoat ong,
Cong ty xang dau khu vc II a e ngh Trung Tam Cong Nghe
Moi Trng ECO - Cong Ty ng Dung Ky Thuat va San Xuat thc hien viec anh gia tac ong moi trng cho Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be.
Bao cao anh gia tac ong moi trng (TM) la mot cong
cu khoa hoc ky thuat, nham phan tch, d oan cac tac ong co
hai, trc tiep va gian tiep, trc mat va lau dai cua mot nha
may, x nghiep cong nghiep hoac mot n v san xuat kinh doanh
ang hoat ong en moi trng t nhien va cac yeu to kinh te
xa hoi, t o tm ra phng an toi u e han che cac tac ong
xau cua no oi vi moi trng xung quanh.
Do o, muc ch cua bao cao nay la :
- Mo ta s lc cac hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau Nha
Be co kha nang tac ong ti moi trng.
- anh gia hien trang moi trng t nhien va kinh te xa
hoi tai khu vc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be.
- anh gia tac ong do hoat ong cua Tong kho co kha
nang tac ong ti moi trng t nhien va kinh te xa hoi
tai khu vc tren.
- Xay dng va e xuat cac bien phap tong hp e bao
ve moi trng, x ly mot cach hp ly cac mau thuan
gia nhu cau phat trien san xuat cua Tong kho xang dau
Nha Be va van e bao ve moi trng khu vc
1.2- CAC TAI LIEU, SO LIEU LAM CAN C E LAP BAO
CAO
Bao cao anh gia tac ong moi trng cho Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be c thiet lap tren c s cac van ban phap ly
hien hanh sau ay :
n v thc hien TM: Cong Ty ng Dung Ky Thuat va San Xuat - Trung Tam Cong
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
18A Cong Hoa - Quan Tan Bnh- Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh - Tel :( 84.8) 8425760 - Fax : (84.8)
8425763
1. Luat bao ve moi trng do Quoc hoi Nc Cong Hoa Xa

Hoi Chu Ngha Viet Nam thong qua ngay 27/12/1993 va
Chu Tch nc ky ngay 10/01/1994.
2. Ke hoach hanh ong quoc gia ve moi trng va phat
trien lau ben do Uy ban Khoa hoc Nha Nc xay dng va
Thu Tng Chnh phu phe duyet nam 1991.
3. Ngh nh so 175/CP cua Chnh Phu ve Hng dan thi hanh
luat bao ve moi trng, ngay 18/10/1994.
4. Thong t so 490/1998/TT-BKHCNMT ngay 29/04/1998 cua Bo
Khoa Hoc Cong Nghe va Moi Trng hng dan lap va
tham nh bao cao anh gia tac ong moi trng.
Cac tai lieu ky thuat c s dung lam c s cho bao cao
gom co :
1. Cac so lieu, tai lieu thong ke ve hien trang moi trng,
kinh te, xa hoi tai a ban Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh do cac
c quan nghien cu trong nc thc hien.
2. Cac so lieu ieu tra khao sat : so lieu o ac ve hien
trang moi trng
(nc va khong kh), cac so lieu
lien quan en hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be,
lien quan en khu vc do Trung tam Cong nghe Moi trng
- ECO thc hien.
3. Cac tai lieu ve cong nghe x ly chat thai (nc thai,
kh thai, chat thai ran...) va tai lieu ve quan ly moi
trng cua Trung ng va a phng.
4. Cac bao cao TM a thc hien tai Viet Nam trong nhng
nam qua, cac bao cao oi vi cac loai hnh san xuat
tng t.
1.3- LA CHON PHNG PHAP ANH GIA
Phng phap anh gia tac ong moi trng c s dung
cho bao cao nay bao gom :
- Phng phap thong ke : Phng phap nay nham thu thap
va x ly cac so lieu kh tng, thuy van, kinh te, xa hoi
tai khu vc Tong kho xang dau.
- Phng phap lay mau ngoai hien trng va phan tch trong
phong th nghiem nham xac nh cac thong so ve hien
trang chat lng moi trng khong kh, moi trng nc,
at, o on tai khu vc Tong kho xang dau.
- Phng phap ieu tra xa hoi hoc c s dung trong qua
trnh phong van lanh ao va nhan dan a phng tai khu
vc hien dien Tong kho xang dau.
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- Phng phap so sanh dung e anh gia cac tac ong

tren c s cac tieu chuan moi trng do Bo Khoa Hoc
Cong Nghe va Moi Trng ban hanh.
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Chng II
S LC VE QUA TRNH HOAT ONG CUA

TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE
2.1- GII THIEU S LC VE TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA
BE
2.1.1- a ie m
Ho Ch Minh
: Xa Phu Xuan, huyen Nha Be, TP.
2.1.2- n v chu qua n : Tong cong ty xang dau Viet Nam

(Petrolimex)
2.1.3- n v qua n ly
: Cong ty xang dau Khu vc II
So 15 Le Duan, Quan 1, Thanh pho
Ho Ch Minh
ien thoai
: 8256419 - 8292082 - 8292083
2.1.4- Tong dien tch mat ban g : 2,64 km2

2.1.5- S lc ve qua trnh than h lap, hnh thc hoat
o ng cua kho, can g
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be la mot he thong gom 3 kho
cha xang dau (kho A, kho B, kho C) va cang tiep nhan xang dau
gom 8 cau tau (IA, IIA, IIIA, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB va C) c tiep thu cua
cac hang ESSO, SHELL va CALTEX cu sau ngay 30/4/1975.
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be la au moi tiep nhan, cung
ng xang, dau, gas (LPG), nha ng, hoa chat,...vi tong sc
cha ln nhat trong ca nc. Hien nay, Tong kho xang dau Nha
Be ang am nhiem tiep nhan phan ln cac loai nhien lieu
nhap t cac tau 10.000 30.000 DWT, thong qua mang li chuyen
tiep noi a bang ng thuy, ng bo e cung ng cho cac
tnh Nam Bo va tham gia ieu chuyen cho mot so tnh mien Bac
va mien Trung, ong thi am nhiem lu cha mot khoi lng
ln xang dau cho d tr Quoc Gia.
2.1.6- Li ch kinh te xa hoi t hoat ong cua Tong
kho xan g dau Nha Be
- Ton tr an toan lng xang, dau va cac nhien lieu khac
u cung cap cho cac tnh pha Nam.
- Gop phan on nh gia ca xang, dau cua cac tnh pha
Nam, han che cac cn sot xang, dau xay ra tren ca nc.
- Tao cong an viec lam cho nhieu ngi lao ong
- Tao nguon li nhuan va nop ngan sach Nha nc thong
qua cac khoan thue (thue doanh thu, thue li tc...).
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2.2- QUA TRNH HOAT ONG CUA TONG KHO XANG DAU
NHA BE
2.2.1- Tong von au t : 235,965 ty ong
2.2.2. 2- C cau nhan s
322).
Tong so can bo cong nhan vien : 435 ngi (N : 113, Nam:

Trong o :
- Ban giam oc
: 03 ngi
- Phong to chc hanh chanh : 23 ngi

- Phong ke toan tai vu
: 07 ngi
- Phong quan ly ky thuat
: 15 ngi
- Phong ke hoach ieu o
: 17 ngi
- Phong ky thuat hang hoa
: 22 ngi
- Phong tin hoc - t ong hoa : 06 ngi

- Phong bao ve PCCC
: 04 ngi
- Kho A
: 115 ngi
- Kho B
: 121 ngi
- Kho C
: 82 ngi
- Xng c kh cong trnh
: 20 ngi
2.2.2. 3- Che o lam viec :

- Thi gian lam viec : 8 gi/ngay
- oi bao ve : lam viec 24/24
2.2.2. 4- Tnh hnh sc kho e cua can bo, con g nhan
vien Ton g kho
- So can bo, cong nhan vien c kham sc khoe nh ky
: 413 ngi
Trong o :
. N
. Nam
: 308 ngi
: 105 ngi
- Ket qua kham sc khoe nam 1997 nh sau :

. Sc khoe loai I
: 46 ngi
. Sc khoe loai II
: 329 ngi
. Sc khoe loai III
: 46 ngi
. Tnh hnh benh tat : a so cong nhan co bieu hien d

ng ng ho hap, chu yeu viem mui d ng, viem
xoang, vien hong (khoang 50%), au nhc khp xng,
au nhc than kinh, benh phu khoa, m trong mau cao.
So vi nhng nam trc ay, benh nghe nghiep
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giam, ch con 4 cong nhan nhiem ch hu c vao

nam 1997. t kham cha benh nam 1998 cha co
ket qua.
2.2.3- Nhu cau s dung nan g lng
2.2.3. 1- Nhu cau ve ien
- Nhu cau s dung ien : 2.801.142 Kw/nam
- Nguon cung cap : ien li Quoc Gia
2.2.3. 2- Nhu cau ve nc
- Nhu cau s dung nc : 23.234 m3/nam
- Muc ch s dung : cap cho sinh hoat
- Nguon cung cap : t nguon nc may cua thanh pho
c ch en bang cac xe bon
Ngoai ra, nc s dung cho viec suc ra bon, ve sinh
may moc, thiet b, cu hoa...se c lay t song
Nha Be.
2.2.4- Hien trang ve he thon g kho ch a va cau can g
He thong kho, cang cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be nam
ben b hu song Nha Be (t Rach Di en Rach Bong Bong) tren tuyen luong tau bien t Vung Tau en cac cang Thanh
pho Ho Ch Minh vi tong chieu dai ng b 1.970m c
phan chia thanh 3 khu gom :
* Kho A : (Trc ay la kho xang dau cua hang ESSO)
- He thong cau cang : Kho A co chieu dai ng b doc
song Nha Be 540m, hien co cau 1A nam pha ha lu cua khu
nc. Phan khu nc pha thng lu dai 340m. Chc nang cua
cau nay la tiep nhan cac tau nhap xang, dau co trong tai
en 25.000 DWT. Pha trong Rach Di co 2 cau tau 2A va 3A. Hai cau
tau nay phuc vu xuat xang, dau cho tau va xa lan c di
1.000 DWT. Trong tng lai, Cong ty se au t xay dng cau 4A e
xuat xang, dau cho tau 1.000DWT 5.000 DTW
- He thong kho cha : gom 25 bon cha cac loai vi tong
sc cha la 96.587m 3. Giai oan ti c quy hoach nang cap at
sc cha 114.531 m3 (Kho phuc vu san xuat kinh doanh : 100.315 m 3,
kho d tr quoc gia : 14.216 m3).
* Kho B : (Trc ay la kho xang dau cua hang SHELL)
- He thong cau cang : Kho B co chieu dai ng b doc
song Nha Be 730m, co 4 cau tau, trong o cau 4B dai 102m bo
tr pha ha lu cua khu nc; cau a c sa cha nang cap
am bao tiep nhan cac tau nhap xang, dau co trong tai t
20.000 DWT 32.000 DTW. Pha thng lu cau 4B co 3 cau tau (cau
1B, 2B va 3B). Trong o, cau 1B va 2B tiep nhan cac tau co trong
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tai 1.000 DWT 1.800 DTW; cau 3B tiep nhan tau < 4.000 DWT. Ca
3 cau nay c xay dng t lau, thi gian khai thac a gan 60
nam. Hien nay cau 2B va 3B a b xuong cap tram trong. Cau 2B
a co quyet nh cua Cuc hang hai Viet Nam thong bao ngng
hoat ong. Con lai cau 1B (sa cha, nang cap nam 1994) va
cau 3B ang c tiep nhan cac tau nho 1.800 DWT.
- He thong kho cha : gom 17 bon cha cac loai vi tong
sc cha la 112.680m 3. Giai oan ti c quy hoach nang cap at
sc cha 151.244 m3 (Kho phuc vu san xuat kinh doanh : 110.548 m 3,
kho d tr quoc gia : 23.782 m3, cho sa cha : 16.914 m3).
* Kho C : (Trc ay la kho xang dau cua hang CALTEX)
- He thong cau cang : Kho C co chieu dai ng b doc
song Nha Be 700m, hien co cau tau dai 53m bo tr pha ha
lu cua khu nc. Chc nang cua cau C la tiep nhan cac tau
nhap xang, dau co trong tai t <1.000DWT 5.000DTW. Khu nc
trc kho C kha rong nhng khong sau. Tai v tr cach ng b
hien hu 50m (thang tuyen cau C) cao o t nhien trung bnh at
-5,0 -7,0m. Qua theo doi nhieu nam gan ay th o sau khu nc
trc kho C b boi lang. Vi o sau hien tai, cau C ch tiep
nhan c cac tau c 5.000 DWT.
- He thong kho cha : gom 11 bon cha vi tong sc cha
la 48.840 m3. Giai oan ti se c quy hoach nang cap at sc
cha 71.559 m3 (Kho phuc vu san xuat kinh doanh : 58.511 m 3, kho d
tr quoc gia : 13.048 m3).
Ghi chu : Chi tiet quy hoach sc cha cac kho c trnh bay
phu luc VI
2.2.5- San lng xuat nha p va hao hut oi vi tng
loai nhie n lieu cua Tong kho xan g dau Nha Be
Ban g 1 : San lng xuat nhap va hao hut thc te vao nam
1998
STT
Loai nhie n lieu
Xang (m3)
Nhien lieu
lc (m3)
Dau hoa (m3)
San lng
nha p
San lng
xua t
Hao hut
thc te
656.660
660.000
7.800
200.000
160.000
1.500
110.000
130.000
850
Diesel (m3)
1.250.000
1.247.000
8.500
Dau FO (tan)
1.050.000
1.048.000
7.000
Gas (LPG) (tan)
18.000
18.000
Nha ng (tan)
24.000
24.000
Hoa chat (tan)
12.000
12.000
phan
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Nguon : Phong Cong nghe au t - Cong ty Xang dau Khu

vc II, nam 1998
Ghi chu : Cac so lieu xuat cao hn so lieu nhap do con
lng hang ton ong trong kho
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2.2.6- Cong nghe xuat nha p oi vi tng loai nguy e n ,

nhie n lieu va trang thiet b , ng ong. .. c u a
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be
2.2.6. 1 - Con g ngh e xuat nhap xa n g , dau
* S o cong nghe nhap xang, dau tai cau cang
Xang , da u
t tau nc ngoa i
Van cha n
He tho n g
ong co ng nghe
nha p
Bo n ch a
Ghi chu : Nhap tnh qua lu lng ke cua tau
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10
Xa n g , d a u t b o n
cha
* S o cong nghe xuat xang, dau tai kho

He t h o n g o n g c o n g
nghe xuat
B a u lo c
V a n ch a n
Tr a m b m
V a n m o t c h ie u
V a n ch a n
B n h lo c t o n g + t a c h
kh
On g t h o t
V a n ch a n
B n h lo c
L u l n g k e
Va n ch a n
Xu a t c h o t a u , x a
la n , x e b o n
2.2.6. 2 - Gas hoa lon g (LPG)

* Quy trnh cong nghe he thong nhan va phan phoi LPG
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Ta u c h LP G
V a n ie u k h ie n
bang kh nen
Bon cha
Ma y n a p g a s v a o
b n h
Bm
B n h g a s t h a n h
pham
He t h o n g v a n
L u l n g k e
He t h o n g v a n
* Quy trnh cong nghe nap LPG long vao bnh

KIEM TRA TRC KHI NAP :
1. Kiem tra ben ngoai bnh e tin chac rang bnh khong b
phong, mop hay co bat ky bieu hien h hong nao khac.
2. Kiem tra van tren co bnh
. Kiem tra mu van e tin chac mu van lap at ung v tr,
tay van phai tot, khong b sc me hay h hong. Phan ren
pha tren tay phai van khong b mon, hong.
. Kiem tra au ong noi cua van : phan ren noi khong c
phong, mop, thung hay co bieu hien qua mon, mat tiep
xuc ben trong va au noi phai phang, nhan va khong b
cao xc.
. Van xa ap lc can c xem xet bang mat va th o kn
moi khi a bnh tr lai tram nap e nap. Cac lo thoat cua
van phai sach va khong co d vat. Van khong b bop meo
hay co bat ky bieu hien h hong nao, khong c sa
cha van xa ap lc, neu van xa ap lc b h hong can
thay ca cum van.
* Lu y : Luon mang knh bao ho khi xem xet van xa neu bnh
ang co ap lc.
3. Khong c nap kh vao bnh neu thay co bat ky bieu
hien h hong nao tren than bnh va cum van.
4- Lac bnh e tin chac rang khong co d vat nao ben trong
bnh
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NAP KH VAO BNH

1. at bnh vao v tr nap
2. Noi va van chat au nap vao au noi ong cua bnh,
m van tren bnh, sau o m van thoat hi roi cuoi cung la
van cap long, bat au nap.
3. Ngng viec nap ngay khi bnh a at en trong lng quy
nh, khong c nap bnh qua trong lng quy nh.
4. ong van cap long trc, sau o ong van thoat hi, cuoi
cung thao au nap ra khoi bnh.
5. Chuyen bnh sang can kiem tra e kiem tra trong lng,
viec kiem tra phai tien hanh het sc can than e am
bao rang bnh a nap u kh va khong qua trong lng quy
nh.
6. Lay bnh ra khoi can kiem tra, kiem tra o kn cua cac
moi noi co bnh hay van, van xa ap lc.
* Lu y : Neu thay ro r, mang chai en v tr an toan e x
ly
7. Chuyen bnh en v tr tap ket va tien hanh ong dau
bnh.
8. Sau khi cham dt moi hoat ong, ong tat ca cac van
con lai.
2.2.6. 3- S o con g ngh e xuat, nhap nha n g
Ta u c h n h a
ng
He t h o n g n g o n g
d a n n h a n g ca c h
n h ie t v a o n g d a n
n o n g e g ia n h ie t
B o n ch a n h a n g
c a ch n h ie t v a o n g
x o a n g ia n h ie t
On g d a n n h a
ng
en ni ong
thung
Xe ch u y e n d u n g
c h n h a n g
c o g ia n h ie t
Pha n phoi e n
cac t nh, tha nh
Pha n phoi e n
cac
nha m a y tro n
nong
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* Mo ta cong nghe :
- Tong kho xang dau Nha Be nhap khau nha ng long
bang tau thuy 2 vo chuyen dung. Tau chuyen dung se
d hang tai cau cang bang cach bm thang nha ng
long qua he thong ong dan vao cac bon cha trong khu
vc cac kho.
- Cac bon nay luon c gi nhiet o cao nh he
thong ong xoan gia nhiet dung dau. T cac bon cha
nay, nha ng c bm vao cac xe bon chuyen dung
ch i tieu thu. Khoi lng nha ng tren xe c xac
Ho a ch a t n h a p
nh bang can theo
nh lng a quy nh trc.
t ca c t a u
2.2.6. 4 - S o con g ng h e xuat, nhap hoa chat
Ho n g n a p b a n h
V a n ch a n
Va n on g n h a n h
Bon cha
V a n ch a n
B n h lo c
L u l n g k e
V a n n h lie u
l n g
Xe b o n + p h u y
Ghi chu : Cac ban ve cong nghe xuat nhap cac loai
nhien lieu va he thong trang thiet b, ng ong
c trnh bay chi tiet phan phu luc.
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Chng III
HIEN TRANG MOI TRNG TAI KHU VC

KHO CHA XANG DAU VA CANG TIEP
NHAN XANG DAU
TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE
3.1- AC IEM V TR
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be nam cach trung tam thanh pho
Ho Ch Minh khoang 15 km, nam ben b phai song Nha Be, xa
khu dan c tap trung va cac cong trnh lan can khac.
Cang Tong kho xang dau Nha Be co long song rong va
sau, de dang va thuan tien cho viec cap cac tau co trong tai
ln e phuc vu cho viec xuat, nhap xang, dau va cac nhien
lieu khac. V nam sau trong at lien nen cang khong b anh
hng cua gio trong viec cap tau. Nhan to anh hng duy nhat
la thuy trieu. Long song khu vc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be co
ac iem nh sau :
- Chieu rong cua long song : 1.150 - 1.350 m
- T b ra en 30 m : long song co o doc thoai thoai, sau
t 1 - 6 m
- T 30 m tr ra xa : o doc ln, sau t 6 - 15 m
3.2- IEU KIEN KH HAU
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be nam trong vung anh hng kh
hau chung cua thanh pho Ho Ch Minh gom 2 mua ma nang ro
ret : mua ma keo dai t thang 5 en thang 10, mua kho keo
dai t thang 11 en thang 4 nam sau :
3.2.1- Nhiet o
Nhiet o khong kh la mot trong nhng yeu to anh hng
trc tiep en qua trnh chuyen hoa va phat tan cac chat gay
o nhiem trong khong kh.
Nhiet o trung bnh nam
: 270C
Nhiet o thang cao nhat (vao thang 4 hang nam) : 350C

220C
Nhiet o thang thap nhat (vao thang 12 hang nam)
3.2.2- Che o ma
Che o ma cung anh hng en chat lng khong kh. Khi
ri, ma se cuon theo mot lng bui va cac chat co trong kh
quyen cung nh cac chat o nhiem tren mat at.
Lng ma trung bnh nam : 1.884 mm/nam
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So ngay ma trung bnh nam
: 146 ngay/nam
3.2.3- o am khon g kh
o am khong kh cung nh nhiet o khong kh la mot trong
nhng yeu to t nhien anh hng en qua trnh chuyen hoa va
phat tan cac chat o nhiem trong kh quyen, en qua trnh trao
oi nhiet cua c the, t o anh hng en sc khoe cua
ngi lao ong.
o am tng oi cua khu vc : 75 - 85 %
o am cao nhat tuyet oi
: 98,67 %
o am thap nhat tuyet oi : 47,23 %

3.2.4- Che o gio
Gio la mot nhan to quan trong trong qua trnh phat tan va
lan truyen cac chat trong kh quyen. Khi van toc gio cang ln,
kha nang lan truyen bui va cac chat o nhiem cang xa, kha
nang pha loang vi khong kh sach cang ln.
Tai khu vc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be co hai hng gio
chnh trong nam :
T thang 1 en thang 6 : hng gio thnh hanh la hng
ong Nam vi tan suat 20 40 %, gio ong 20% va Nam la 37%.
T thang 7 en thang 12 : hng gio thnh hanh la hng
Tay Nam, ay la thi ky co toc o gio ln trong nam. Toc o
gio trung bnh la 23 m/s, toc o gio ln nhat ln nhat c ghi
nhan la 36 m/s vao nam 1972.
3.2.5- Bc xa mat tri
Bc xa mat tri la mot trong nhng yeu to quan trong anh
hng trc tiep en che o nhiet trong vung, qua o se anh
hng en mc o ben vng kh quyen va qua trnh phat tan,
bien oi cac chat o nhiem. Bc xa mat tri se lam thay oi
trc tiep nhiet o cua vat the va tuy thuoc vao kha nang
phan xa va hap thu bc xa cua no.
Tai khu vc, thi gian co nang trung bnh trong nam la 1.500
gi hoac nhieu hn. Hang ngay co en 11,5 - 12,5 gi co nang
va cng o chieu sang vao gia tra mua kho co the len ti
100.000 lux.
Bc xa mat tri gom 3 loai c ban : bc xa trc tiep, bc
xa tan xa va bc xa tong cong. Cng o bc xa trc tiep ln
nhat vao thang 2, 3 va co the at en 0,42 - 0,46 cal/cm 2.phut
vao nhng gi tra.
Cng o bc xa trc tiep i en mat thang goc vi tia
mat tri co the at 0,77-0,88 cal/cm 2.phut vao nhng gi tra
cua cac thang nang va at 0,42 - 0,56 cal/cm 2.phut vao nhng
gi tra cua cac thang ma (t thang 6 - thang 12).
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Bc xa tan xa con goi la bc xa khuyech tan la nang

lng i t bau tri va may xuong mat at. Cng o bc xa
tan xa ln nhat vao cac thang mua ma va nho nhat vao cac
thang mua kho. Vao nhng gi tra, cng o bc xa tan xa
at 0,43 - 0,5 cal/cm2.phut va 0,29 - 0,36 cal/cm2.phut. Cng o
bc xa tan xa tong cong ln nhat xay ra vao thang 3, nho
nhat vao thang 11, 12 va at cac gia tr 1,12 - 1,2 cal/cm 2.phut
va 0,78 - 0,86 cal/cm2.phut vao gi tra.
3.3- IEU KIEN THUY VAN
Khu vc cang tong kho xang dau Nha Be chu tac dung cua
che o ban nhat trieu khong eu, mot ngay co 2 lan trieu len
va trieu xuong. Thi gian trieu len va trieu xuong xap x bang
nhau.
3.3.1- Mc nc
Bien o trieu dao ong t 0,8 - 3,3 m; trung bnh 1,7 - 2,3 m.
Mc nc cao nhat
: + 4,24 m
Mc nc thap nhat
: + 0,25 m
Mc nc trung bnh : + 0,28 m

3.3.2- Dong chay
Nhn chung, hng dong chay ay song song vi b, van
toc dong chay khi trieu len v = 0,52 m/s, khi trieu xuong v = 1,86
m/s. Vao thi ky mua lu, van toc ln nhat V max = 2,22 m/s khi
trieu cng xuong.
3.3.3- Song
Khu vc nam sau trong long song khong chu anh hng
trc tiep cua song bien. Ch co song do gio va tau gay ra va
chieu cao song thng nho hn 1m.
3.4- IEU KIEN A CHAT CONG TRNH
a tang khu vc cang Tong kho xang dau Nha Be c
cau tao bi cac lp at chnh t tren xuong di nh sau :
- Lp 1 : Bun set mau xam xanh, oi cho lan t hu c va
o cat mn. Chieu day lp thay oi t 23,4 m (LK1)
en 23,6 m (LK2).
- Lp 2a : Cat hat tho mau vang toi lan bot set va t san
soi. Lp nay ch gap tai LK1.
- Lp 2b : Cat hat trung mau xam, xam trang en xam
vang pha t bot set, ket cau chat va, bao hoa
nc.
- Lp 3 : Set mau nau en nau vang van xam, o loang
lo, trang thai na cng en cng. Be day cha
xac nh do cha khoan het lp.
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Nhan xet : a tang khu vc tng oi phc tap; Lp at

yeu (lp 1) tng oi day; lp 2, lp 3 la lp co kha nang chu
lc tot nhng nam sau. Nhn chung, vi a tang khu vc nh tren
th cac coc BTCT phai u dai e mui coc ta len 2, 3 mi am
bao kha nang chu lc cho cong trnh.
VC
3.5- TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT VA HE SINH THAI THUY
Tai khu vc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be, mua kho nc
thuoc loai l nhat, o man S 0,5 - 5 . T na sau mua ma
(vao cac thang 8, 9, 10), nc ngot hoan toan vi o man S 0,5
.
ac iem khu he thuy sinh vat song Nha Be thuoc khu vc
Tong kho xang dau nh sau :
* Thanh phan loai
Trong he sinh thai khu vc tong kho xang dau Nha Be luon
ton tai mot thanh phan loai ac trng cho vung ca song
ven bien :
-
Phytoplankton
:
Skeletonema
costatum,
Coscinodiscus
asteromphalus, Coscinodiscus jonessianus, Ditylum
sol, Biddulphia mobiliensis, Nitzschia paradoxa,
Gyrosigma balticum, Thalassiothrix longissima,
Nitzschia lorenziana,...
- Zooplankton : Paracalanus parvus, Acartia clausi, Acartiella sinensis,

Oithona similis, Microsetella norvegica, ...
- Zoobenthos : Khong xuat hien loai nc ngot, quanh nam
ch ton tai cac loai nguon goc bien gom giap
xac Melita
vietnamica,
Grandidierella
lignorum
(Amphipoda), Tachea chinensis , Exosphaeroma parva
(Isopoda),
Alpheus
sp.
(Decapoda),
Nephthys
polybranchia , Namalycastis abiuma, Bispira polymorpha,
Ceratonereis mirabilis (Polychaeta).
T gia mua ma, moi trng co s hien dien cua cac
loai phieu sinh nc ngot t vung tren i xuong, nhng so
loai va so lng khong nhieu, bao gom:
- Phytoplankton : Microcytis aeruginosa, Pediastrum boryganum,
Ankistrodesmus
falcatus,
Staurastrum
paradoxum, Micrasterias foliacea, ...
-
Zooplankton : Neodiaptomus visnu, Ectocyclops phaleratus,

Thermocyclops
hyalinus,
Bosmina
longirostris,
Bosminopsis
deitersi,
Diaphanosoma
excisum,
Ilyocryptus halyi, Ceriodaphnia rigaudi, Asplanchna
sieboldi, Keratella cochlearis, ...
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Cac loai tieu bieu cho moi trng giau dinh dng va
nhiem ban :
- Phytoplankton : Melosira granulata, Coscinodiscus asteromphalus,
Coscinodiscus subtilis, Skeletonema costatum,
Oscillatoria limosa, Oscillatoria princeps, Euglena
acus, Euglena gracilis, ...
- Zooplankton : Acartia clausi, Oithona similis, Euterpina acutifrons,
Mesocyclops leuckarti, Thermocyclops hyalinus,
Moina dubia, ...
- Zoobenthos : Nephthys polybranchia, Bispira polymorpha, Tachea
chinensis,
Exosphaeroma
parva,
Grandidierella
lignorum. Khi b nhiem ban nhiet, khu vc xuat
hien loai Sabellaria cementarium (Polychaeta) vi
so lng ln.
So loai thuy sinh vat ch th cho moi trng nc sulfat rat
t, thng ch thay xuat hien khu vc vao mua ma :
Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Diatoma elongatum (Phytoplankton), Ilyocruptus
halyi, Leydigia acanthocercoides, Brachionus quadridentatus (Zooplankton).
* So ln g
So lng thuy sinh vat song Nha Be - khu vc Tong kho
xang dau - bien oi theo mua va theo chu ky trieu.
- Phytoplankton :
So lng cao trong mua kho, giam trong na au mua ma.
T na sau mua ma, so lng tang len.
So lng bien oi t 29.000 - 4.380.000 tb/m 3. Cac loai u
the la Coscinodiscus asteromphalus, Coscinodiscus subtilis,
Melosira granulata, ...
Khi nc rong, so lng ln hn khi nc ln :
+ Nc rong
: 62.000 - 4.380.000 tb/m3
+ Nc ln
: 29.000 - 2.618.000 tb/m3
- Zooplankton :
Tng t phytoplankton, so lng cao t na sau mua ma
en het mua kho. au mua ma, so lng giam.
So lng bien oi t 79 - 11.925 con/m 3. Cac loai u the la
Acartia clausi, Acartiella sinensis, Oithona similis, Thermocyclops
hyalinus, ...
Khi nc rong, so lng nho hn khi nc ln :
+ Nc rong
: 79 - 7.341 con/m3
+ Nc ln
: 144 - 11.925 con/m3
- Zoobenthos :
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So lng cao t au mua kho en het na au mua ma,

giam t na sau mua ma.
So lng t 25 - 475 con/m 2. Cac loai u the la Nephthys
polybranchia, Tachea chinensis, Grandidierella lignorum, ...
So lng b phai ln hn b trai:
+ B trai : 25 - 475 con/m2, trung bnh 95 con/m2
+ B phai
: 70 - 475 con/m2, trungbnh 178 con/m2
Tom lai : Khu he thuy sinh vat song Nha Be - khu vc Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be bieu th ro ac iem moi trng nc
cua he sinh thai b nhiem ban trong ieu kien nc l nhat t
mua kho en na au mua ma va nc ngot hoan toan t
na sau mua ma (vao cac thang 8, 9, 10, 11).
3.6- CHAT LNG MOI TRNG TAI KHU VC
3.6.1- Tai kho cha xan g dau
3.6.1. 1- Moi tr n g khon g kh
Trung tam Cong nghe moi trng - ECO a tien hanh o ac
chat lng moi trng khong kh tai Tong kho xang dau Nha Be
luc ang hoat ong bnh thng. Ket qua c trnh bay trong
bang 2.
Ghi chu :
- S o v tr cac iem lay mau (xem phu luc).
- Tieu chuan 1 : Nong o gii han cho phep cac chat oc
trong khong kh c s san xuat - Bo Y te, 505 BYT/Q
ngay 13/4/1992.
- Tieu chuan 15 : Gii han toi a cho phep bui trong khong kh
c s san xuat- Bo Y Te, 505 BYT/Q ngay 13/4/1992.
- TCVN 5937 - 1995 : Tieu chuan nay quy nh gii han cac
thong so c ban trong khong kh xung quanh.
- TCVN 5938 - 1995 : Tieu chuan nay quy nh nong o toi a
cho phep cua mot so chat oc hai trong khong kh xung
quanh bao gom cac chat hu c, vo c.
Nhan xe t : T ket qua phan tch cho thay :
- Tai cac ben xuat cho xe bon, nong o hydrocacbon con cao
hn tieu chuan cho phep.
- Nong o cac chat o nhiem khac nh bui, SO 2, NOx, CO, bui,
ch...eu thap so vi tieu chuan cho phep.
* Ket qua phan tch chat lng vi kh hau tai khu vc kho
cha xang dau c trnh bay trong bang 3.
Ghi chu :
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
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- Tieu chuan 10 : Vi kh hau vung lam viec - Bo Y Te, 505

BYT/Q ngay 13/4/1992.
- Tieu chuan 12 : Tieu chuan tieng on trong khu vc hoat
ong - Bo Y Te, 505 BYT/Q ngay 13/4/1992.
- TCVN 5949-1995: Tieu chuan nay quy nh mc on toi a cho
phep tai cac khu cong cong va dan c.
Nhan xe t : T ket qua phan tch cho thay :
- Trong khu vc kho cha xang dau, tieng on con nam trong
gii han cho phep.
- Tai khu vc dan c lan can : tieng on co cao hn tieu
chuan, ieu nay co the ly giai do hoat ong cua cac xe
bon chuyen dung ra vao kho e nhan nhien lieu.
3.6.1. 2- Chat ln g moi tr n g nc
a) Chat lng nc ngam
Tai Tong kho xang dau Nha Be va khu vc lan can, nguon
nc ngam b nhiem phen nang. Do o, hau nh ngi dan tai
ay khu vc khong khai thac nguon nc nay e s dung. Nc
sinh hoat se c mua t cac xe bon ch nc may cua thanh
pho mang xuong ban. Trung tam cong nghe moi trng - ECO a
tien hanh lay mau va phan tch chat lng nc ngam tai khu
vc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be, ket qua phan tch c ghi nhan
nh sau :
Ban g 4 : Chat lng nc ngam khu vc kho cha xang dau
Ch tieu
pha n tch
n v
Lan 1
Lan 2
TCVN 59441995
7,9
7,8
6,5 - 8,5
mg/l
703
700
750 - 1500
mgCaCO3/l
117
116
300 - 500
N-NO3
mg/l
vet
0,001
45
Fetc
mg/l
0,04
0,04
1-5
Cl-
mg/l
320
340
200 - 600
pH
TSD
o cng
Nguon : Trung tam Cong nghe Moi trng - ECO, 8/1999

Ghi chu :
- V tr lay mau : gieng khoan sau 160m trong khu tap the
nha tre kho B sau khi a qua lang, loc.
- TCVN 5944 - 1995 : Gia tr gii han cho phep cua cac thong
so va nong o cac chat o nhiem trong nc ngam.
Nhan xe t : Qua ket qua phan tch tren cho thay nc
ngam tai khu vc sau khi qua lang loc, cac thong so
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o ac eu nam trong gii han tieu chuan cho

phep.
b) Chat lng nc mat
Ket qua phan tch chat lng nc mat tai khu vc kho cha
xang dau c trnh bay trong bang 5.
Ghi chu :
- L1, L2, L3 : Ket qua lay mau lan 1, lan 2, lan 3
- KPH : Khong phat hien c
- TCVN 5942-1995 : Tieu chuan nay quy nh gii han cac
thong so va nong o cho phep cua cac chat o nhiem
trong nc mat. Cot A ap dung oi vi nc mat co the
dung lam nguon cap nc sinh hoat (sau khi qua qua trnh
x ly theo quy nh).
Nhan xe t : Qua bang ket qua phan tch tren nhan thay,
chat lng nc mat tai khu vc co dau hieu b o
nhiem nhe.
3.6.1. 3- Chat thai ra n
Bun can phat sinh t cac he thong x ly nc thai, t
cong tac suc ra cac bon cha dau. Tuy nhien, viec suc ra
cac bon cha dau ch c thc hien 2 nam/lan. Vao thi
iem khao sat, viec suc ra bon khong xay ra. Do o, ch tien
hanh lay mau, phan tch cac mau bun can t he thong x ly
nc thai. Ket qua c ghi nhan nh sau :
can
Ban g 6 : Ket qua phan tch dau va kim loai nang trong bun
Ten ma u
Mau
Mau
Mau
Mau
Mau
Mau
Mau
Mau
Mau
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Ham lng da u
(mg/l)
Pb (mg/l)
7.218
6.450
6.890
7.341
6.550
8.210
5.700
6.440
7.100
Nguon : Trung tam Cong nghe Moi trng
230
255
198
286
250
300
224
237
270
- ECO, 8/1999
Nhan xe t : T ket qua phan tch cho thay nong o dau

va kim loai nang trong bun can rat cao. Do o, oi
vi nguon chat thai ran nay neu khong co cac
bien phap x ly triet e se gay o nhiem cho
moi trng at, moi trng nc tai khu vc.
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3.6.2- Tai can g tiep nha n xang dau

3.6.2. 1- Moi tr n g khon g kh
Ket qua phan tch chat lng moi trng khong kh tai khu
vc cang tiep nhan xang dau luc ang hoat ong bnh thng
c trnh bay trong bang 7.
Ghi chu :
- Tieu chuan 1 : Nong o gii han cho phep cac chat oc
trong khong kh c s san xuat - Bo Y te, 505 BYT/Q
ngay 13/4/1992.
- Tieu chuan 15 : Gii han toi a cho phep bui trong khong kh
c s san xuat- Bo Y Te, 505 BYT/Q ngay 13/4/1992.
- TCVN 5937 - 1995 : Tieu chuan nay quy nh gii han cac
thong so c ban trong khong kh xung quanh.
- TCVN 5938 - 1995 : Tieu chuan nay quy nh nong o toi a
cho phep cua mot so chat oc hai trong khong kh xung
quanh bao gom cac chat hu c, vo c.
Nhan xe t : T ket qua phan tch cho thay nong o cac
chat o nhiem tai khu vc cang tiep nhan xang
dau eu thap hn so vi tieu chuan cho phep
* Ket qua phan tch chat lng vi kh hau tai khu vc cang
tiep nhan xang dau c trnh bay trong bang 8.
Ghi chu :
- Tieu chuan 10 : Vi kh hau vung lam viec - Bo Y Te, 505
BYT/Q ngay 13/4/1992.
- Tieu chuan 12 : Tieu chuan tieng on trong khu vc hoat
ong - Bo Y Te, 505 BYT/Q ngay 13/4/1992.
- TCVN 5949-1995: Tieu chuan nay quy nh mc on toi a cho
phep tai cac khu cong cong va dan c.
Nhan xe t : T ket qua phan tch tren cho thay tieng on
tai khu vc cang tiep nhan xang dau con nam
trong gii han cho phep.
3.6.2. 2- Nc mat
Ket qua phan tch chat lng nc mat tai khu vc cang
tiep nhan xang dau c trnh bay trong bang 9.
Ghi chu : TCVN 5942-1995 : Tieu chuan nay quy nh gii han
cac thong so va nong o cho phep cua cac chat
o nhiem trong nc mat. Cot A ap dung oi vi
nc mat co the dung lam nguon cap nc sinh
hoat (sau khi qua qua trnh x ly theo quy nh).
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Nhan xe t : Qua bang ket qua phan tch tren nhan thay,
chat lng nc mat tai khu vc co dau hieu b o
nhiem nhe.
3.7- HIEN TRANG C S HA TANG, KINH TE, XA HOI TAI
KHU VC TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE
3.7.1- Mang giao thon g n g thuy noi a
ieu kien t nhien khu vc thanh pho Ho Ch Minh va vung
Nam Bo a tao nen mang kenh rach phuc vu giao thong ng
thuy rat thuan li. Rieng a ban thanh pho Ho Ch Minh co
khoang 948 km song, kenh rach noi en cac luong tau. ay
cung la au moi cua 2 tuyen ng thuy noi a chu yeu cua
vung Nam Bo : noi TP. Ho Ch Minh - Tien Giang - Ben Tre - Vnh
Long - Can Th - Ca Mau va TP. Ho Ch Minh - Tien Giang - Vnh Long ong Thap - Kien Giang. T Tong kho Nha Be, cac tau, xa lan
c 250 DWT co the van chuyen xang, dau theo ng thuy en
bat ky cac tnh trong vung Nam Bo; cac tau c 1.000 - 5.000 DWT
theo cac ng ven bien en ong bang song Cu Long, ra Nha
Trang, Phu Yen, Thuan Hai, Quy Nhn va cac tnh pha Bac.
* Tuyen luong ra cang
Luong tau bien t Vung Tau - Vnh Ghenh Rai - song Nga
Bay - song Long Tau - song Nha Be en cang dai 69 km ( 37,5
hai ly, tnh t phao O). ay la tuyen luong chnh ang lu thong
cho toan bo tau bien t ca Vung Tau en cac cang thanh
pho Ho Ch Minh. Hien tai, tuyen luong ang c khai thac. Theo
thong bao hang hai, o sau toan tuyen - 8,5m, chieu rong
luong B 150m. Cac ket qua o ac nghien cu t nam 1993
en nay cho thay ay la tuyen luong rat on nh, t chu sa boi,
t chu anh hng cua song bao va cung la tuyen luong ang
c anh gia tot nhat trong ca nc hien nay.
Quy mo luong hien tai u kha nang tiep nhan cac tau
hang 15.000 DWT hanh thuy bnh thng va tan dung mc nc
thuy trieu cao 3,0 m e a cac tau ch xang dau t 25.000
en 32.000 DWT hanh thuy thuan li. Theo chng trnh cai tao,
nang cap tuyen luong :
- Nam 1998 : a hoan chnh he thong bao hieu hang hai
cho tau lu thong ca ngay, em.
- Nam 1999 - 2000 : Thc hien hoan chnh he thong trang b
quan ly hang hai (VTS) va tiep tuc m rong cac khuy cong, nao
vet mot so oan can, tang o sau toan tuyen at - 8,9 m, nang
cao kha nang an toan cho tau hanh thuy, nang cao che o tau
lu thong tren tuyen luong, ac biet oi vi cac tau > 15.000
DWT.
3.7.2- Giao thon g n g bo
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Tong kho xang dau Nha Be nam cach truc giao thong khu
vc - Lien tnh lo 15 khoang 800m. Theo truc nay, cac phng tien
t Tong kho tiep tuc thong thng tren khap cac vung, cac c
s kinh te, dan c cua khu vc. T Tnh lo 15 se noi tiep cac
tuyen Nguyen Tat Thanh qua thanh pho ra Quoc lo 13, qua Quoc
lo 52 (hoac theo ng Pham The Hien - tnh lo 50) ra quoc lo
1A. ac biet t nam 1998, xa lo Bac Nha Be - Phu Lam - Bnh
Chanh noi Quoc lo 1A a c khai thac, kha nang lu thong
ng bo i en Tong kho Nha Be rat thuan li. V vay co the
anh gia ve giao thong ng bo, v tr Tong kho co nhieu li
the trong qua trnh cung ng, tiep chuyen xang, dau phuc vu
phat trien kinh te cho ca khu vc thanh pho Ho Ch Minh va cac
vung lan can.
3.7.3- He tho n g cung cap ien, nc, tho n g tin lien lac
3.7.3. 1- Nguo n cap ien :
T mang li ien Quoc gia, t ng truc li cao ap 15 KV
dan ve thong qua cac tram ha ap at tai Tong kho. Hien tai,
cong suat cua li nguon u cung cap cho toan bo hoat ong
san xuat, kinh doanh cua Tong kho. Kha nang cac nguon cap
ien tai khu vc con kha ln, nhat la t nam 1998, nha may
ien Hiep Phc (675 MW) a c van hanh, khai thac.
He thong cap ien trong noi bo Tong kho en cac khu vc
cau cang, kho cha, tram bm, khu vc van phong, cac tram cap
xang, dau ng thuy, ng bo...hien a c xay dng kha
ay u, ong bo.
3.7.3. 2- Cap nc :
Truc cap nc cua thanh pho hien co doc theo Lien tnh
lo 15. Viec cap nc cho cac hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau
Nha Be trong nhng nam ti se bang cac tuyen dan t ng
truc nay ve. Hien nay, mang cap nc trong khu vc Tong kho
cung tng oi ay u, am bao yeu cau cung cap cho san
xuat va cho tau be en cang. Nc cap c lay t nguon
nc may cua thanh pho do cac xe bon ch en.
3.7.3. 3- Mang thon g tin lien lac va he thon g d pho n g
cu hoa
Hien tai, mang thong tin lien lac va he thong d phong cu
hoa a c trang b, bo tr tng oi ay u, hoan thien am
bao phuc vu yeu cau thong tin nhanh chong, thuan tien vi cac
chu hang, chu tau va cac khach hang trong va ngoai nc
tren c s he thong thong tin noi mang Quoc Gia. Cac trang thiet
b phong chay cha chay cung c trang b ay u cho tat ca
cac bo phan, khu vc san xuat toan Tong Kho, am bao yeu
cau theo quy nh phong chay cha chay hien nay.
3.7.4- Tnh hnh sc kho e cong ong tai khu vc
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Theo bao cao thong ke y te khu vc cho thay cong tac

cham soc sc khoe cong ong kha tot, cu the la cac cong
tac phong chong sot ret, benh lao, benh phong, benh hoa lieu,
benh bu co...eu c thc hien tot. Ngoai viec thc hien
kha tot cong tac kham va cha benh, cac hoat ong cham
soc sc khoe ba me, tre em va ke hoach hoa gia nh cung at
c nhng ket qua kha quan, hoan toan khong xay ra cac
benh dch lay lan nh ta, thng han, lao phoi, dch hach...
Tuy nhien, bat c hoat ong nao cung gay nhng anh
hng nhat nh cho cong ong dan c va y te cong cong. Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be, do nam gan khu vc dan c, cho nen cung
se anh hng t nhieu en sc khoe ngi dan khu vc neu
khong co cac bien phap phong chong o nhiem mot cach triet
e.
Chng IV
ANH GIA TAC ONG EN MOI TRNG T

HOAT ONG CUA KHO CHA XANG DAU VA
CANG TIEP NHAN XANG DAU
4.1- CAC NGUON O NHIEM
4.1.1- T hoat ong cua kho cha xan g dau
4.1.1. 1- O nhie m khon g kh va tien g on
a) O nhiem do hi xang dau
Hi xang, dau phat sinh t cac qua trnh xuat, nhap, ton
tr, van chuyen xang, dau...ay cung la nguyen nhan chu yeu
gay nen tnh trang hao hut xang, dau va o nhiem moi trng
khong kh. Khu vc co nhieu hi xang, dau phat tan la tai cac
ben xuat, nhap va khu bon cha...
Cac nguyen nhan cu the bao gom :
- Do hien tng th cua bon cha :
. Khi bm nhap xang, dau vao bon cha, hi xang, dau
boc len, the tch trong trong bon b nen lai, ap suat
trong bon tang len, hi xang, dau c xa ra ngoai theo
supap bao am an toan cho bon cha, gay nen hao hut
th ln .
. Khi bon cha yen tnh, xang, dau van lien tuc boc hi,
goi la hao hut th nho .
. Khi xuat ra khoi bon, khong kh c hut vao bon e
bu vao cho trong, xang, dau lai boc hi e bao hoa
lp khong kh mi, gay hao hut th ngc .
- Do ban chat bay hi t nhien cua xang, dau
- Do ro r t he thong van, ong noi
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- Do bam dnh tren vat cha, ng ong

- Do khong thao xa het khoi ay bon khi phai suc ra
bon cha
- Do thoat qua he thong supap
- Do ong cap phat khong ha sat ay bon lam tang mc
o boc hi khi cap cho xe bon.
- Do cac s co ky thuat
Qua ket qua o ac hien trang chat lng moi trng khong
kh tai khu vc kho cha xang dau c trnh bay trong bang 2,
chng III cua bao cao cho thay nong o hydrocacbon tai cac ben
xuat xang, dau cho xe bon con kha cao so vi tieu chuan cho
phep.
b) O nhiem do hi ch
Ch thng co trong thanh phan phu gia cua xang nham e
tang ch so Octan. Do o, s phat tan hi xang t bon cha
hoac qua trnh xuat nhap xang tai khu vc kho cha eu co hi
ch. Trung tam cong nghe moi trng - ECO a tien hanh o ac
chat lng moi trng khong kh tai khu vc cho thay co s hien
dien cua ch trong khong kh. Tuy nhien, nong o ch ay con
rat thap so vi tieu chuan cho phep. (Ket qua phan tch chat
lng moi trng khong kh c trnh bay trong bang 2, chng III
cua bao cao).
c) O nhiem do khoi thai t hoat ong cua cac phng tien
van tai
Cac loai kh thai SO2, NOX, CO, bui...phat sinh do ot chay
nhien lieu trong qua trnh van chuyen cua cac phng tien giao
thong ng bo ra vao kho e nhan xang, dau, gas, nha ng
va cac loai nhien lieu, hoa chat khac. Theo so lieu cung cap
cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be, so lng trung bnh cac xe bon
ra kho moi ngay vao thang 7/1999 la :
- Kho A
: 105,27 lt/ngay
- Kho B
: 75,93 lt/ngay
- Kho C
: 73,73 lt/ngay
Ket qua o ac nong o cac chat o nhiem tren tai khu vc

kho cha xang dau eu thap hn so vi tieu chuan cho phep.
d) O nhiem do tieng on
Tieng on phat sinh do hoat ong cua cac may moc thiet b
(bm) va cac phng tien giao thong van tai (xe bon)...trong qua
trnh xuat, nhap nhien lieu tai kho cha xang, dau. Ket qua o
ac tieng on tai khu vc kho cha xang dau c trnh bay trong
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bang 3, chng III cua bao cao cho thay o on tai khu vc con
nam trong gii han cho phep.
e) O nhiem do mui : Thng do hydrocacbon phat tan.
4.1.1. 2- O nhie m moi tr n g n c
a) O nhiem do nc thai sinh hoat
* Nguon goc : Tai khu vc kho cha xang dau, nc thai sinh
hoat phat sinh t nha bep, nha tam va nha ve sinh. Vi so
lng can bo cong nhan vien la 435 ngi. c tnh moi ngi
thai ra 100 lt nc thai/ngay, vay lng nc thai sinh hoat hang
ngay cua kho cha c tnh nh sau :
435 ngi x 100 lt/ngi/ngay 43 m3/ngay
* Thanh phan, tnh chat nc thai sinh hoat
Ban g 10 : Thanh phan, tnh chat nc thai sinh hoat
STT
Ch tieu
n v
Gia tr trung
bnh
TCVN 5942- 1995

(a)
6,5 - 8,5
6-9
pH
BOD
mg/l
250
20
COD
mg/l
450
50
SS
mg/l
300
50
N-Kj
mg/l
45
30
Ptong
mg/l
15
Nguon : Tai lieu thong ke cua Trung Tam Cong Nghe Moi
Trng - ECO
ac trng cua loai nc thai nay co nhieu chat l lng,
dau m (t nha bep), nong o chat hu c cao (t nha ve
sinh), neu khong c x ly th se anh hng en nguon nc
be mat. Ngoai ra, khi tch tu lau ngay, cac chat hu c nay se
b phan huy gay ra mui hoi thoi. Tong kho xang dau Nha Be
a co bien phap e khong che nguon o nhiem nay. Bien
phap cu the se c trnh bay trong chng sau cua bao cao nay.
b) O nhiem do nc thai nhiem dau
Nc thai nhiem dau cua kho cha xang dau phat sinh do
cac nguyen nhan chnh sau :
- Suc ra bon cha
- Lam mat bon cha
- Ve sinh may moc, thiet b
- Ri vai xang dau xuong nguon nc
- Xay ra s co
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- Nc ma chay tran qua khu vc kho

Trong o chu yeu la nc xa can t qua trnh suc ra
bon cha vi chu ky 2 nam suc ra 1 lan.
* Lu lng nc thai nhiem dau :
- Lu lng nc thai nhiem dau cua kho A la
m3/ngay
3.600
- Lu lng nc thai nhiem dau cua kho B la

m3/ngay
5.040
- Lu lng nc thai nhiem dau cua kho C la

m /ngay
2.160
Vay tong lu lng nc thai nhiem dau la

m3/ngay
10.032
* Tnh chat nc thai nhiem dau :

Ket qua phan tch chat lng nhiem dau mot so thiet b
x ly c ghi nhan nh sau
Ban g 11 : Tnh chat nc thai nhiem dau - Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be
STT
V tr lay ma u
Nong o da u m
khoa n g (mg/l)
Tai be lang hien hu, tach dau

s bo trc khi bm vao cac thiet
b x ly - Kho A
670.103
au vao he thong x ly thu gom

dau so 6 - Kho B
554.103

dau so 7 - Kho B
1.432

dau so 2 - Kho C
750.103

dau so 5 - Kho C
980
TCVN 5945- 1995 (B)
Nguon : Trung tam Cong nghe moi trng - ECO, 8/1999

Hien nay, toan bo nc thai nhiem dau cua Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be eu a c x ly at tieu chuan cho phep trc
khi xa ra ngoai moi trng. Cac cong trnh x ly nc thai
nhiem dau do Trung tam cong nghe moi trng - ECO thiet ke,
lap at va a c S Khoa hoc Cong nghe va Moi trng
thanh pho Ho Ch Minh nghiem thu. Cong nghe x ly nc thai
nhiem dau se c trnh bay cu the trong chng sau.
c) O nhiem do nc thai cu hoa
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Trong trng hp xay ra chay, co nhieu phng phap cha

chay. Tuy thuoc vao tnh chat nhien lieu chay hoac tac nhan
gay chay ma cac bien phap cha chay se dung nc, CO 2, bot
cha chay (foam), bot kho (dry powder), cat...Neu dung nc e
cha chay se co nhieu kha nang nc sau khi cha chay b
nhiem cac hoa chat oc hai. Tuy nhien, trng hp chay ch la
nhng tai nan rat khong thng xuyen xay ra nen cac loai tac
nhan gay o nhiem nc nay ch xem la s co hy hu.
4.1.1. 3- O nhie m do chat thai ra n
a) Chat thai ran sinh hoat
Chat thai ran sinh hoat chu yeu la cac chat hu c phat
sinh t nha bep, nha ve sinh, khu vc van phong. c tnh moi
ngi thai ra 0,5 kg rac/ngay th tong lng rac thai sinh hoat
phat sinh t kho cha xang dau la :
0,5 kg/ngi/ngay x 435 ngi 217 kg/ngay
b) Chat thai ran cong nghe
Chat thai ran cong nghe cua kho cha xang dau bao
gom :
- Cac vat lieu phe bo sau khi bao dng, sa cha may :
gie lau dnh dau m, bao b cac loai...khoang 1,2 tan/nam.
- Bun can sinh ra do lang ong nhieu ngay trong cac bon
cha dau FO, DO va c thai ra sau moi lan suc ra bon.
Vi chu ky suc ra bon 2 nam/lan, da vao dung tch cha
cua moi bon, lng bun can sinh ra sau moi lan suc ra
bon la :
. Dang bun can (xuat hien cac bon cha dau FO)
khoang 720m3
. Dang huyen phu (xuat hien cac bon cha dau DO, KO,
ZA1, xang)
:
khoang 600m3
. Can r set : do set r trong ong cong nghe va bon sinh
ra. Lng nay rat t, hau nh khong ang ke
- Chat thai ran sinh ra t he thong x ly nc thai nhiem
dau bao gom :
. Bun can thu hoi t he thong x ly :
0,3 kg/gi/thiet b x 31 thiet b = 9,3 kg/gi
. Dau thu hoi nh ky t vat lieu hap phu dau :
0,15 kg/gi/thiet b x 31 thiet b = 4,65 kg/gi
. Vat lieu hap phu dau t he thong x ly nc thai
nhiem dau sau khi a het kha nang s dung (khoang sau
1.000 gi van hanh) :
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4,3 kg/thiet b x 31 thiet b = 133 kg

4.1.1. 4- Cac s co moi trn g oi vi kho cha xa n g
dau
a) S co chay no
Xang, dau, gas...la nhng chat rat de chay. Khi hon hp
xang dau vi khong kh trong khoang ty le 1-7 % va co tia la
th co the chay no. S co chay no co the xay ra do cac hoat
ong tai kho cha xang dau hoac do ieu kien t nhien nh thi
tiet, sam set, nang nong, va cham lam phat sinh tia la va cac
yeu to khac...
Cac khu vc bon cha xang, dau, gas,..., ben xuat nhap,
tram bm la nhng iem de xay ra s co chay no nhat.
b) S co ro r
Xang, dau, gas, nha ng, dung moi, hoa chat co the ro
r do h van, do cac ng ong b an mon ben trong hay ro r
trong qua trnh xuat, nhap, nap lieu...
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4.1.2- T hoat ong cua cang tiep nha n xan g da u

4.1.2. 1- O nhie m khon g kh va tien g on
a) O nhiem do hi xang dau va hi ch
Hi xang dau phat sinh tai khu vc cang tiep nhan chu yeu
t cac qua trnh bm xuat, nhap xang, dau...Trong hi xang con
co s hien dien cua ch. Cac nguyen nhan gay o nhiem hi
xang dau va hi ch la :
- Do ban chat bay hi t nhien cua xang, dau
- Do ro r t he thong van, ong noi
- Do bam dnh tren vat cha, ng ong
- Do cac s co ky thuat
b) O nhiem do khoi thai t hoat ong cua cac phng tien
van tai
Cac loai kh thai SO2, NOX, CO, bui...phat sinh do ot chay
nhien lieu trong qua trnh van chuyen cua cac phng tien giao
thong thuy ra vao khu vc cang e xuat nhap xang, dau, gas,
nha ng va cac loai hoa chat khac...Theo so lieu cung cap
cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be, so lng trung bnh cac xa lan
lay hang tai cang moi ngay khong nhieu. Vao thang 7/1999, so
lt lay hang nh sau :
- Kho A
: 4,53 lt/ngay
- Kho B
: 7,23 lt/ngay
- Kho C
: 5,47 lt/ngay
Mat khac, do khu vc cang rong va thoang gio cho nen o

nhiem do khoi thai t hoat ong cua cac phng tien giao thong
thuy t cang tiep nhan xang dau la khong ang ke.
Ket qua o ac nong o cac chat o nhiem tren tai khu vc
cang tiep nhan xang dau eu thap hn so vi tieu chuan cho
phep.
c) O nhiem do tieng on
Tieng on phat sinh do hoat ong cua cac may moc thiet b
va cac phng tien giao thong thuy trong qua trnh xuat, nhap
nhien lieu tai khu vc cang. Ket qua o ac tieng on tai khu vc
cang tiep nhan xang dau - Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a c
trnh bay bang 6, chng III cua bao cao cho thay o on tai khu
vc cang con nam trong gii han cho phep.
d) O nhiem do mui
O nhiem mui phat sinh do hi xang, dau phat tan. Tuy
nhien, nguon o nhiem nay se b pha loang do khu vc cang
rong, thoang gio.
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4.1.2. 2- O nhie m moi tr n g n c

a) O nhiem do nc thai sinh hoat
Nc thai sinh hoat phat sinh do hoat ong cua cac thuy
thu tren cac tau nhap nhien lieu tai khu vc cang. c tnh moi
tau nhap nhien lieu co khoang 30 thuy thu va bnh quan moi
ngi thai ra 100 lt nc thai/ngay th lu lng nc thai sinh
hoat hang ngay phat sinh tai cang la :
30 ngi x 100 lt/ngi/ngay 3 m3/ngay
b) O nhiem do nc thai nhiem dau
sau :
Nc thai nhiem dau phat sinh tai cang dau t cac nguon
- Nc dan tau
- Nc ve sinh tau
- Nc ong dau (khi keo t bien len boong)
Ngoai ra, nc song Nha Be con co kha nang b o nhiem

bi dau va nhu dau khi ra xa ham cha dau; xang dau con
bam dnh len be mat cac phng tien cha, trang thiet b dung
cu lao ong tran vai trong qua trnh xuat nhap, ro r tren ng
ong dan dau t tau ve kho cha...
4.1.2. 3- O nhie m do chat thai ra n
Chat thai ran sinh hoat phat sinh do hoat ong cua cac
thuy thu tren cac tau. c tnh lng chat thai ran phat sinh tai
khu vc cang khoang 15 kg/ngay.
Ngoai ra, con co mot lng chat thai ran phat sinh do can
bam, bun at, dau m, paraphin, sn...sau khi lam ve sinh boong
tau va ham cha dau c thai ra di dang ran. Lng chat
thai ran con tuy thuoc vao trong tai tau va ban chat dau ma
tau chuyen ch. Ba thai cha dau va kim loai nang la chat
oc hai oi vi moi trng.
4.1.2. 4- Cac
nhan xa n g dau
s co moi tr n g
oi vi can g
tiep
a) S co chay no
Chay no co nguy c cao oi vi cac cang xuat, nhap cac
loai nhien lieu nh xang, dau, gas, nha ng, dung moi, hoa
chat...Nguyen nhan chay no co the do hoat ong cua cang, do
thieu y thc trach nhiem hoac do cac ieu kien bat kha
khang...
b) Tran dau, v ong
Khi b tran dau hay v ong, mot lng xang, dau t ham
tau, ng ong b chay ra ngoai. S co tran dau xay ra khi
nhap xang, dau vao bon cha, khi bm dau vao xa lan, khi thao
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ong xuat nhap tai cau cang. V ong do van hanh khong ung
quy nh, do bao dng va sa cha khong at yeu cau, do chat
lng trang thiet b kem, do thieu y thc trach nhiem...Hau qua
cua s tran dau rat ln do xang dau de bay hi va lan rong.
Viec thu don xang, dau tran vai rat kho khan va phc tap,
hieu qua thap, ch han che c phan nao tac ong moi
trng.
c) Ro r va thung chay
Ro r va thung chay do chat lng thiet b, ham cha,
ng ong dan...khong at yeu cau. Cac thiet b nay khong
c kiem tra, bao dng thng xuyen. Ro r cung xay ra trong
trng hp khong can than khi ong m thiet b. Hau qua cua
s co loai nay se lam that thoat mot lng ln xang, dau vao
moi trng. oi khi s that thoat nay keo dai va kho phat
hien. Xang, dau that thoat de gay chay no va anh hng xau
en moi trng.
d) Va ung phng tien
Cac tau ch dau, cac phng tien van tai thuy co the va
ung vao nhau, vao cac cong trnh xay dng, phao neo, cau cang,
ng ong, a ngam...Hau qua va ung bao gi cung gay thiet
hai ve vat chat oi vi cac phng tien va cham va hau qua
moi trng ni xay ra s co.
4.2- TAC ONG CUA CAC CHAT GAY O NHIEM T HOAT
ONG CUA KHO CHA XANG DAU VA CANG TIEP
NHAN XANG DAU EN MOI TRNG VA SC KHOE
CON NGI
4.2.1- Tac ong
tr n g khon g kh
cua
cac
chat
gay
o nhie m
moi
4.2.1. 1 - Hi xa n g , dau
Hi hydrocacbon thng t gay nhiem oc man tnh ma ch
gay nhiem oc cap tnh vi cac trieu chng nh : suy nhc,
chong mat, say, co giat, ngat, viem phoi, ap xe phoi...Khi ht th
kh hydrocacbon nong o cao co the b nhiem oc cap tnh, c
the xuat hien cac cn co giat, roi loan nhp tim va ho hap,
tham ch dan en t vong. Cac cong trnh nghien cu con chng
to rang mot so hydrocacbon con gay ung th phoi.
Hi xang, dau trong khong kh con co the gay chay, no. Khi
hon hp vi khong kh ty le trong khoang 1 - 7 % va co tia la
ien th se gay chay no. V vay, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a
co cac bien phap bao ve, phong nga het sc nghiem ngat,
tranh la va cam khong c hut thuoc trong khu vc kho, cang,
cam s dung cac phng tien truyen thong co kha nang phat
sinh tia la ien nh ien thoai di ong, may bo am...
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4.2.1. 2- Hi ch
Ch tac dung len he thong men c ban, nhat la men van
chuyen hydro. Khi b nhiem oc ch, ngi benh co mot so roi
loan chu yeu la bo phan tao huyet (tuy xng). Tuy theo mc
o nhiem oc co the co nhng tai bien nh cn au bung ch,
ng vien en Burton li, au khp, viem than, cao huyet ap
vnh vien, liet, tai bien nao,...,trng hp nang co the dan en
t vong.
Tac dung hoa sinh chu yeu cua ch la tac ong ti s
tong hp mau dan en pha huy hong cau. Ch c che mot so
enzim quan trong cua qua trnh tong hp mau do s tch luy cac
hp chat trung gian cua qua trnh trao oi chat. Khi nong ch trong
mau khoang 0,3 ppm se can tr viec s dung oxy va glucoza e
san xuat nang lng cho qua trnh song. Khi nong o ch trong
mau cao hn 0,8 ppm th co the gay hien tng thieu mau do s
thieu hemoglobin. Neu ham lng ch trong mau khoang 0,5 - 0,8
ppm th co the gay roi loan chc nang cua than va pha huy
nao.
4.2.1. 3- Hi gas (LPG), dun g moi, hoa chat
Viec ro r gas (LPG), dung moi, hoa chat trong qua trnh nap
lieu co the lam anh hng en chat lng khong kh trong khu
vc. Nong o hi gas, dung moi, hoa chat cao se gay chay no
(khi co tia la). Hi dung moi, hoa chat co the se lam anh
hng xau en sc khoe con ngi.
4.2.1. 4- Tac on g cua cac kh CO, SO 2 , NO X , bui...
a) Kh CO :
Kh CO sinh ra do qua trnh hoat ong cua cac phng tien giao
thong van tai. Kha nang e khang cua con ngi vi kh CO rat
thap. Kh CO co the b oxy hoa thanh cacbon dioxit (CO 2) nhng
phan ng nay xay ra rat cham di anh sang mat tri trong
mot thi gian kha lau. Co the CO b oxy hoa bam vao thc vat
va chuyen dch trong qua trnh diep luc hoa. Cac vi sinh vat tren
mat at cung co kha nang hap thu kh CO t kh quyen. Kh CO
de gay oc do ket hp kha ben vng vi hemoglobin tao thanh
hp chat cacboxy hemoglobin dan en giam kha nang van chuyen
oxy cua mau en cac to chc, te bao theo phan ng :
Hb
CO
HbCO
Oxy co trong mau ket hp vi hemoglobin theo phng trnh :

Hb
O2
HbO2
Hemoglobin co lc hut hoa hoc oi vi CO manh hn oi vi

O2. Nong o HbO2 (oxy hemoglobin) va HbCO (cacboxy hemoglobin) co
quan he ang thc Hendene nh sau :
HbCO/HbO2 = M * P(CO)/P(O2)
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ay P(CO) va P(O2) la lc hut thanh phan kh (hay nong o

kh) CO va O2, M la hang so va phu thuoc vao hnh thai ong
vat. oi vi con ngi, M co gia tr t 200 - 300. Hon hp Hb va
CO lam giam ham lng oxy trong mau.
b) Kh SO2 va NOX :
Kh SO2 c xem la chat gay o nhiem nhat trong ho sulfua
oxyt. Kh SO2 la chat kh khong mau, khong chay, co v hang cay.
Hau het moi ngi b kch thch khi nong o SO 2 trong khong kh
at 5 ppm. Tham ch mot so ngi nhay cam b khch thch khi
nong o 1 - 2 ppm va oi khi xay ra s co that thanh quan khi b
nhiem oc nong o 5 - 10 ppm. Nhng trieu chng cua hien
tng nhiem oc SO2 la s co hep cua day thanh quan kem s
tang tng ng o nhay cam oi vi khong kh khi th. SO 2, NOX
la cac chat kh kch thch, khi tiep xuc vi niem mac am t tao
thanh axit. Kh SO2, NOX vao c the qua ng ho hap hoac hoa
tan vao nc bot roi vao ng tieu hoa sau o phan tan vao
ng tuan hoan mau. SO2, NOX khi ket hp vi bui tao thanh cac
hat bui axit l lng, neu kch thc nho hn 2 - 3 m se vao ti
phe nang. Cac kh SO2, NOX khi b oxy hoa trong khong kh va ket
hp vi nc ma tao nen ma axit gay anh hng en s phat
trien cua cay trong va tham thc vat.
SO2 va NOX con gay nguy hai oi vi vat lieu xay dng va
o dung v s bien oi thanh axit lam tang cng kha nang an
mon kim loai, pha huy vat lieu betong va cac cong trnh xay
dng nha ca. Chung lam h hong va lam thay oi tnh chat,
mau sac vat lieu xay dng nh a voi, a hoa, a cam thach,
a phien, va xay dng cung nh pha hoai cac tac pham ieu
khac, tng ai. Sat thep khi trong moi trng nong am va
co kh SO2 th han g rat nhanh, SO 2 con lam h hong va giam
tuoi tho cac san pham vai, nylon, o da, giay...Ch can nong
o SO2 nho cung anh hng en s sinh trng cua cay trong.
Khi nong o SO2 trong khong kh khoang 1 - 2 ppm co the gay ton
thng oi vi la cay sau vai lan tiep xuc. oi vi cac loai thc
vat nhay cam, gii han gay oc kinh nien khoang 0,15 - 0,3ppm.
Nhay cam nhat oi vi SO2 la thc vat bac thap nh a y, reu.
SO2 co the nhiem oc qua da gay s chuyen hoa lam d tr
kiem trong mau, ao thai amoniac ra nc tieu va kiem ra nc
bot.
Mot so thc vat co tnh nhay cam vi moi trng se b
tac hai khi nong o NO2 khoang 1 ppm va thi gian tac dung trong
khoang 1 ngay. Neu nong o NO2 nho hn 0,35 ppm th thi gian
tac dung la 1 thang. Tuy nhien, kh NOx vi nong o thng co
trong kh quyen khong phai la chat kch thch va no cung khong
gay tac hai oi vi sc khoe con ngi. No ch gay tac hai khi
no b oxy hoa thanh NO2. NO2 la kh mau hong, mui cua no co
the phat hien c nong o 0,12 ppm. Kh NO 2 vi nong o 100
ppm co the gay t vong cho ngi va ong vat sau mot thi
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gian tiep xuc ngan. Vi nong o 5 ppm sau mot so phut tiep
xuc co the anh hng xau en he ho hap. Khi ngi ta tiep
xuc lau vi kh NO2 nong o 0,06 ppm co the b cac benh ve
phoi.
4.2.1. 5- Tien g on
Tieng on va rung ong cung la yeu to co tac ong ln
en sc khoe con ngi. Tac hai cua tieng on la gay nen
nhng ton thng cho cac bo phan tren c the con ngi. Trc
het la c quan thnh giac chu tac ong trc tiep cua tieng on
lam giam o nhay cua tai, thnh lc giam sut, gay benh iec
nghe nghiep. Tieng on con gay ra cac chng au au, u tai,
chong mat, buon non, roi loan than kinh, roi loan tim mach va
cac benh ve he thong tieu hoa. Rung ong than kinh, khp
xng...
4.2.2- Tac
tr n g nc
ong
cua
cac
chat
gay
o nhie m
moi
4.2.2. 1- Tac on g cua nc thai sinh hoat

Khi tch tu lau ngay, cac chat hu c trong nc thai se b
phan huy k kh gay ra mui hoi thoi, gay o nhiem moi trng.
Ngoai ra, trong nc thai sinh hoat con co mot lng chat ran l
lng lam cho cac nguon song suoi tiep nhan b boi lang, lam
chat lng nc mat o xau i. Cac chat dinh dng nh N, P
la cac chat gay nen hien tng phu dng hoa.
4.2.2. 2- Tac on g cua nc thai nhie m dau
Khi xa vao nguon nc, phan ln dau loang nhanh tren mat
nc tao thanh mang dau, ch con phan nho hoa tan trong
nc. Can ba cha dau khi lang xuong song se b phan huy,
mot phan noi len mat nc, mot phan hoa tan trong nc va
phan con lai tch tu trong bun ay gay o nhiem cho sinh vat
nc, bao gom ca tom ca va anh hng ti muc ch cap nc
sinh hoat, nuoi trong thuy san cho nguon nc mat tai khu vc.
Khi ham lng dau trong nc cao hn 0,2 mg/l : nc luc nay
co mui hoi khong dung e an uong c ma ch dung cho
muc ch sinh hoat (tam giat). O nhiem dau dan en mat kha
nang t lam sach cua cac nguon nc do giet chet cac sinh vat
phieu sinh va sinh vat ay tham gia vao qua trnh t lam sach.
Nc thai nhiem dau con gay can kiet oxy cua nguon nc do
tieu thu, oxy cho qua trnh oxy hoa hydrocarbon va che mat nc
thoang khong cho oxy tai nap t khong kh vao nguon nc.
Khi ham lng dau trong nc 0,1-0,5 mg/l se gay giam nang
suat va chat lng cua ca.Tieu chuan dau trong cac nc nuoi
ca khong vt qua 0,05 mg/l, tieu chuan oxy hoa tan la 6 mg/l
oi vi mach nc dung lam nguon nc cap cho sinh hoat.
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Ngoai ra, dau trong nc se b chuyen hoa thanh cac hp

chat oc hai oi vi con ngi va thuy sinh nh phenol, cac dan
xuat clo cua phenol. Tieu chuan phenol cho nguon nc cap cho
sinh hoat la 0,001 mg/l.
ong thi, cac san pham phan huy cua dau m va cac
tap chat cha trong ba thai (kim loai nang) tham vao at gay
oc trc tiep oi vi cay trong hoac lam giam kha nang phan
huy cua vi sinh vat trong at, dan en giam o xop va o ph
nhieu cua at, gian tiep anh hng en nang suat cay trong.
4.2.2- Tac
tr n g at
ong
cua
cac
chat
gay
o nhie m
moi
at trong khu vc kho xang dau co ham lng dau m cao

hn tieu chuan cho phep. Qua khao sat thay co mui hoi cua
dau.
Trong thanh phan cac loai can ran co ham lng dau m
rat cao. ac biet, oi vi bon cha xang co ch, phan can gom
nc co cha muoi ch hoa tan va chat ran bao gom r cua
bon thep va hon hp cac axit, sat, nc, xang dau va cac
chat vo c, hu c cha ch...Neu x ly cac can thai nay
khong ung quy nh se lam o nhiem moi trng at xung quanh
ong thi co the lam o nhiem moi trng nc.
4.3- TAC ONG OI VI CAC DANG TAI NGUYEN SINH
VAT VA HE SINH THAI
Hoat ong cua Tong Kho xang dau Nha Be gay ra cac
nguon o nhiem nh nc thai, kh thai, chat thai ran...Cac loai
kh thai oc hai va bui se gay nen nhng tac hai cho he thc
vat : cay an qua, rau...Chung se lam cham qua trnh quang hp,
ho hap cua thc vat, dan en ngan tr s phat trien, cay coi
tr nen coi coc. Cac kh thai o nhiem con co kha nang gay
benh vang la cay, hoa trai b lep...co the dan en kho la,
chet cay. Nc thai nhiem dau se lam anh hng ti muc ch
cap nc sinh hoat, nuoi trong thuy san cua nguon nc mat
tai khu vc. Tuy nhien, bang cac bien phap khong che o nhiem
hu hieu va tch cc, cac nguon o nhiem tai khu vc Tong kho
xang dau Nha Be hau nh a c khong che triet e.
4.4- TAC ONG EN TAI NGUYEN MOI TRNG A C
CON NGI S DUNG
4.4.1- Cung cap nc :
Tong Kho xang dau Nha Be s dung nguon nc song Nha
Be e phuc vu cho cong tac suc ra bon, ve sinh may moc
thiet b va phong chay cha chay...Nc sinh hoat se c lay
t nguon nc may cua thanh pho va c cac xe bon ch
en tan ni. Do o, hoat ong cua Tong kho khong lam anh
hng en nguon cung cap nc cho khu vc xung quanh.
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4.4.2- Giao thon g van tai

4.4.2. 1- Giao thon g n g thu y
ieu kien t nhien khu vc thanh pho Ho Ch Minh va vung
Nam Bo tao nen mang kenh rach chang cht noi vi nhau va noi
en cac luong tau, do o v tr tong kho xang dau Nha Be rat
thuan li cho viec lu thong ng thuy. T Tong kho Nha Be,
cac tau xa lan c nho co the van chuyen xang, dau, gas, hoa
chat... theo ng thuy en bat ky cac tnh trong vung Nam Bo;
cac tau c ln theo cac ng ven bien en ong bang song
Cu Long, ra Nha Trang, Phu Yen, Thuan Hai, Quy Nhn va cac
tnh pha Bac...Hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be hau
nh khong anh hng en ieu kien giao thong thuy trong khu
vc.
4.4.2. 2- Giao thon g n g bo
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be nam gan cac truc lo giao
thong quan trong nh lien tnh lo 15, quoc lo 13, quoc lo 52,
quoc lo 1A, xa lo Bac Nha Be - Phu Lam - Bnh Chanh...V vay,
kha nang lu thong ng bo t cac ni i en Tong kho Nha
Be rat thuan li. Hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be
khong lam anh hng en ieu kien giao thong ng bo trong
khu vc.
4.4.3- Nong nghie p
Tong Kho xang dau Nha Be a co t trc nam 1975 cua
cac hang ESSO, SHELL, CALTEX cu va hien tai thuoc quyen quan
ly cua Cong ty Xang dau Khu vc II. V vay, viec bao quan, hoat
ong va phat trien cua Tong kho khong anh hng g en at
ai danh cho nong nghiep tai khu vc.
4.4.4- Anh hn g en cac ieu kien kinh te xa hoi
kha c
Viec hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be co mot y
ngha kinh te, xa hoi quan trong tai khu vc : gop phan on nh
gia ca va khoi lng xang, dau, va mot so loai nhien lieu,
hoa chat khac nh am bao cung cap nhanh chong, ay u cho
cac hoat ong giao thong va cong, nong nghiep tai cac tnh pha
Nam va Nam Trung Bo. Ngoai ra, qua trnh hoat ong cua Tong kho
nhn chung khong gay anh hng xau en canh quan kien truc,
va nhu cau van hoa, giai tr cua ngi dan khu vc xung quanh.
Chng V
CAC BIEN PHAP KIEM SOAT VA GIAM

THIEU O NHIEM
Viec khong che o nhiem ngay t au nguon khong nhng

lam giam s o nhiem moi trng ma con co y ngha kinh te
trong viec lam giam s hao hut san pham va giam chi ph x ly
cac chat thai. Cac bien phap khong che o nhiem sau ay a
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va se c Tong kho xang dau Nha Be ap dung ong bo tai

khu vc kho cha va cang tiep nhan xang dau.
5.1- TAI KHO CHA XANG DAU
5.1.1- Khon g che o nhie m do kh thai
5.1.1. 1- Khon g che o nhie m do hi xa n g , dau va hi ch
a) Bien phap khong che ang ap dung
Xang, dau la chat de bay hi nen viec giam thieu
hydrocacbon va ch do hao hut, ro r hoac do s co cung se giam
lng hydrocacbon phat tan vao khong kh. Bien phap kiem soat
cac hoat ong xuat, nhap, van chuyen va he thong cac ng
ong, bon cha...a c thc hien kho cha xang dau cu the
nh sau :
* oi vi bon cha va he thong ng ong :
- Bon cha luon tnh trang kn
- Ton tr cac san pham xang, dau theo ung kha nang
cha ay cua bon v the tch khoang trong cha hi tren
be mat xang, dau cang nho th lng xang, dau bay hi se
cang nho.
- Cac bon cha se luon c kiem soat va chong nong
bang cach : o nhiet o, phun nc ti mat thanh bon,
sn bang sn cao cap cach nhiet hoac phan xa nhiet.
- Hien tng ro r phu thuoc vao chat lng bon cha, he
thong ong dan, van, bm, cac thiet b khac va mc o
thanh thao trong thao tac van hanh cua nhan vien. Cac
bien phap a c ap dung nham giam thieu lng ro r
tai kho cha xang dau bao gom :
. Kiem tra nh ky he thong bon cha, he thong ng
ong, mat bch, cac khp noi, he thong cac van, cac
moi han nham phat hien va sa cha kp thi nhng
cho ro r hoac hong hoc. ac biet lu y cac moi han
gia ay va thanh bon, vong em lot kn trong cac
may bm va cac cum nap bch xoay quanh cac ong co
hat cua gian xuat nhap, cac moi lien ket mat bch va
vong em lot kn cua cac thiet b tren bon, cua he
thong ong trong tram bm, ho van...v ay chnh la ni de
xay ra ro r xang, dau neu cac vong em va cum
nap bch b mai mon hoac khong c bao tr tot.
. Khi phat hien thay cac vet dau tren cac moi han va
tren cac la thep thanh bon co dau ngam qua cac
vong em cua van chan hoac trong cac mat bch th se
ngng ngay viec nhap xang, dau mi, xuat het xang,
dau cu cang nhanh cang tot e tu sa lai.
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. Nhanh chong khac phuc ro r t cac lo nho tren

ng ong bang cach lot em va anh ai lai e ch
thay the oan ong mi. Khac phuc ro r t cac moi
lien ket mat bch bang cac ai op tng t. ai op se
gi chat cac tam lot cao su, boc kn toan bo moi lien
ket mat bch, ngan chan hoan toan ro r.
. Khi phat hien ro r cac bon cha ay san pham th
se lap tc thao het san pham xang dau ra bon cha
ng cu s co, gan ngay mat-tt d phong s co len
cho co ro r hoac va bang keo epoxy.
. Trng hp co s co tai cac van cau hoac van chan th
se ngng bm ngay lap tc roi dung nem go nut chat
cho ro r lai.
. Lien lac chat che gia tau ch dau va cac nhan vien
trong kho trong qua trnh nhap xang, dau vao bon cha.
Thong bao kp thi vi cac tau xuat dau khi thay co
hien tng tang ap bat thng e co the dng bm
kp thi trc khi xay ra s co v ng ong.
- Cac ho ga thng xuyen ay nap e chong boc hi t
nhien, gay o nhiem khu vc nha bm, anh hng en
cong nhan van hanh.
* oi vi phng thc van hanh
e giam thieu s bay hi cua xang, dau va hi ch, hoat
ong xuat nhap tai kho cha xang dau a tuan theo mot so quy
nh sau :
- Qua trnh xuat, nhap xang, dau luon trang thai nhung
chm. Xang, dau bm vao bon t di ay len. Trong qua
trnh nhap vao cac xe bon, co the giam lng bay hi bang
cach rut ngan thi gian nhap. So lng bm chuyen trong
noi bo kho se c giam en mc toi thieu.
- Han che toi a viec suc ra bon cha khi thay oi loai
san pham cha trong bon bang cach co ke hoach nhap
tng chung loai hang mot cach hp ly, tranh nhap don
mot luc gay nen tnh trang thieu bon cha.
Mat khac, khu vc kho cha xang dau thuoc Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be nam trong vung cach ly kha rong so vi khu dan c,
ong thi, xung quanh khu vc van phong trong nhieu cay xanh.
Do o, o nhiem hi hydrocacbon va hi ch hau nh khong anh
hng en sc khoe nhan vien van phong va dan c khu vc
lan can.
Hieu qua cua bien phap khong che ang ap dung :

Vi cac bien phap khong che o nhiem a c thc hien
nh tren, nong o hydrocacbon va hi ch tai hau het cac iem o
eu at tieu chuan cho phep (the hien qua ket qua o ac chat
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lng moi trng khong kh tai khu vc kho cha xang dau c
trnh bay bang 2, chng III cua bao cao nay). Rieng nong o
hydrocacbon tai cac cac ben xuat cho xe bon luc ang hoat ong
con cao so vi tieu chuan cho phep.
b) Bien phap khong che e xuat
Ngoai cac bien phap kiem soat a c ap dung nh tren,
trong thi gian sap ti, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be se co ke
hoach tng bc hien ai hoa tat ca cac thiet b, may moc;
trang b he thong lu lng ke ien t ieu khien xuat, nhap t
ong tat ca cac kho cha. Khi o chac chan nong o
hydrocacbon va hi ch se c giam han.
5.1.1. 2 - Khon g che o nhie m do bui, SO 2 , NO X , CO t hoat
on g cua cac phn g tien giao thon g n g bo
Cac phng tien giao thong ng bo ma chu yeu la cac
xe bon ra vao kho e nhan xang, dau, gas, nha ng va cac
loai nhien lieu, hoa chat khac se gay nen tnh trang o nhiem
moi trng khong kh khu vc do bui, SO 2, NOX, CO...
e giam thieu nguon o nhiem nay, oi vi cac phng
tien van chuyen ng bo cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be,
cac bien phap c ap dung nh sau :
- Co ke hoach thng xuyen bao dng va van hanh may
moc cung nh cac phng tien van tai ung che o.
- S dung cac loai nhien lieu co ham lng lu huynh thap.
- S dung nhien lieu ung vi thiet ke cua ong c
- Cac phng tien van tai khong ch qua trong tai quy nh
- Trai nha va be tong kn mat vung ma cac phng tien
van tai hoat ong.

Sau khi ap dung cac bien phap kiem soat o nhiem nh a
neu tren, nong o cac chat o nhiem nh bui, SO 2, NOX,
CO...trong khu vc kho cha eu thap hn so vi cho phep (Ket qua
o ac a c trnh bay bang 2, chng III cua bao cao).
5.1.1. 3- Khon g che o nhie m do tien g on
e han che anh hng cua tieng on va chong rung tai
cac khu vc hoat ong cua cac xe bon, may bm...Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be a ap dung cac bien phap khong che sau :
- Cac phng tien van tai ng bo thng xuyen c bao
dng va van hanh ung toc o quy nh cho tng khu
vc, am bao o on di mc toi a cho phep theo tieu
chuan hien hanh (TCVN 5949-1995). Han che s dung coi
trong khu vc kho. Lap ke hoach van chuyen hp ly e
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tranh cac hoat ong ve em cua cac phng tien giao

thong.
- May moc c bao dng nh ky e am bao chat
lng khi van hanh, giam on va rung. oi vi thiet b van
hanh tai v tr co nh nh bm se c uc mong may
ung tieu chuan, gan thiet b giam am hoac em chong
rung.
- Trong cay xanh trong khu vc kho e ngan on.

Ket qua o ac o on tai khu vc kho cha xang dau - Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be a c trnh bay bang 3, chng III cua
bao cao cho thay o on tai khu vc con nam trong gii han cho
phep.
5.1.1. 4- Khon g che o nhie m do mui
Mui chu yeu ay mui hydrocacbon, o la mui ac trng
cua xang dau. Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a co cac bien
phap hu hieu khong che o nhiem hi xang dau do o o
nhiem mui tr nen khong ang ke.
5.1.2- Khon g che o nhie m do nc thai
5.1.2. 1- Khon g che o nhie m do n c thai sinh hoat
Nc thai sinh hoat phat sinh t nha bep, nha tam, nha
ve sinh vi lu lng khoang 43 m 3/ngay hien nay c x ly
bang cac ham k kh. Nguyen tac x ly cua cac ham k kh nay
nh sau : di ieu kien yem kh, cac vi sinh vat k kh se thc
hien cac phan ng sinh hoa vi cac chat hu c co trong nc
thai tao thanh cac chat vo c khong gay hai cho moi trng. Sau
khi qua ham x ly k kh, lng nc tran c dan qua ho t
tham ngam vao at. Phan can ran, Tong kho xang dau Nha
Be se thue Cong ty dch vu moi trng o th en hut nh ky.
5.1.2. 2- Khon g che o nhie m do n c thai nhie m dau
Nc thai nhiem dau vi tong lu lng 10.032 m 3/ngay
phat sinh t cac kho A, B, C c x ly bang cac thiet b SS-OSTR15B do Trung tam Cong nghe moi trng -ECO che tao.
Thiet b nay hoat ong tren nguyen ly tach dau c hoc ket
hp qua trnh hap phu dau, co hieu qua phan tach gia dau
va nc cao. Ben trong thiet b c bao phu bang vat lieu
chong dau. Cac chi tiet lap at trong thiet b eu ben trong moi
trng dau. Vat lieu hap phu dau c nhap t nc ngoai, co
hieu suat lam viec cao va co kha nang tai sinh nhieu lan.
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S o cong nghe x ly
* S o khoi :
Ham lng dau
(mg/l)
Bat ky
NC THAI
NHIEM DAU
B E B AY DAU
HO B M
< 500
B O P HAN TAC H
C AN
HO C HA C AN
B O P HAN TAC H
DAU
THUNG C HA
DAU
< 10
B O P HAN HAP
P HU DAU
<1
S S -OS T
MOI TR NG
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Mo ta cong nghe x ly
Nc thai nhiem dau co ham lng bat ky, c thu gom
vao bon tach dau s bo (1), khi qua bon nay cac hat dau co kch
thc ln se noi len mat nc cua cac ngan. Cac hat dau co
kch thc nho hn se theo dong nc chay sang ho bm (2). Ham
lng dau trong nc thai khi sang ho bm (2) se giam i ang
ke. Mot may bm chm se bm nc thai t ho bm (2) vao thiet
b SS-OST-R15B.
Qua trnh x ly dien ra trong thiet b SS-OST-R15B nh sau :
trc het, nc thai i qua bo phan tach can (A), tai ay cac
loai can co kch thc ln, ty trong cao nh : bun, cat...se tach
ra khoi dong nc theo trong lc, lang xuong phan ay di cua
thiet b. Cac hat dau co kch thc ln cung se noi len tren,
c thu gom va a ve ngan cha dau.
Nc thai tiep tuc chay sang bo phan tach dau c hoc (B),
khi i qua bo phan tach dau nh c che keo tu c hoc, cac hat
dau co kch thc nho se lien ket lai vi nhau thanh hat dau
ln va noi len tren, nh pheu thu dau, dau c gom lai va
dan ve ngan cha dau.
T bo phan tach dau nc thai c dan sang bo phan
hap phu dau (C), nc thai sau khi qua bo phan hap phu dau co
nong o dau nho hn tieu chuan thai cho phep va c dan
vao bon cha nc sach (3), t ay nc thai sau khi x ly co
the thai thang vao moi trng. Moi n v trong lng vat lieu
hap phu co the gi c mot lng dau gap 50 lan trong lng
ban than no. Hn na, vat lieu nay co the s dung lai ti 70
lan, sau o em ot bo. Do thanh phan cua vat lieu hap phu
dau nay chu yeu la si thuy tinh (96% trong lng) nen khi ot
ch dau va cac chat hu c b gi lai trong vat lieu nay la
chay het, con lai si thuy tinh vo hai cho moi trng. Can lang
va dau thu hoi c lay ra nh ky t cac van xa cung vi vat
lieu hap phu dau se c x ly cung vi chat thai ran cong
nghe.
* Hieu suat x ly :
Hien nay, cac he thong x ly nc thai nhiem dau cua
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be eu a c S Khoa hoc, Cong
nghe va Moi trng thanh pho Ho Ch Minh nghiem thu va cho
ket qua rat cao. Hieu suat chung cua he thong x ly nh sau :
Ch tie u
Dau m
n v
mg/l
Nong o cac cha t

o nhie m
Trc x
Sau x ly
ly
Bat ky
Hieu qua
x ly
(%)
99,8
Cac ket qua nghiem thu c trnh bay cu the phan phu
luc VII.
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* Kinh ph van hanh : 420 ong/m 3 nc thai nhiem dau

* Kinh ph thc hien : 110 trieu ong/thiet b x 31 thiet b = 3,4
ty ong
5.1.3- Khon g che o nhie m do chat thai ran
5.1.3. 1- Khon g che o nhie m do chat thai ran sinh hoat
Hien nay, chat thai ran sinh hoat hang ngay cua can bo
cong nhan vien Tong kho xang dau Nha Be c bo vao cac
thung co nap ay kn. Sau cuoi moi ngay se c dch vu ve
sinh cong cong thu gom va chuyen ra bai rac quy nh.
5.1.3. 2- Khon g che o nhie m do chat thai ran con g
ngh e
Chat thai ran cong nghe cua Tong kho xang dau Nha Be
hien nay c x ly nh sau
- Bun can t viec suc cac bon cha dau FO, t he thong
x ly nc thai... c Tong kho xang dau Nha Be thue Cong
ty dch vu ve sinh cong cong thanh pho thu gom va em i ni
khac x ly.
- Huyen phu t viec suc cac bon cha dau DO hien nay
c thai ra cac ranh thoat nc - ho bay dau va he thong x
ly nc thai.
- Gie lau, bao b dnh dau m trong qua trnh bao dng, sa
cha may moc...cung c Cong ty dch vu ve sinh cong cong
tai khu vc thu gom va van chuyen ra bai rac quy nh.
- Dau thu hoi nh ky t vat lieu hap phu dau c cha
trong thung kn va thue Cong ty dch vu ve sinh cong cong tai khu
vc nh ky thu gom va van chuyen i ni khac.
b) Bien phap khong che e xuat
- oi vi bun can, Cong ty xang dau khu vc II se hp
ong vi mot n v hoat ong ve moi trng x ly lng chat
thai nay bang cach san xuat thanh ot dung cho cac lo gach
hoac cac lo ot khac...
- Cac vat lieu hap phu dau t he thong x ly nc thai
sau khi het kha nang s dung se c Tong kho xang dau Nha
Be hp ong vi Cong ty dch vu ve sinh cong cong tai khu vc
thu gom va van chuyen em i ot bo (trong cac lo san xuat
gach hoac gom...). Do thanh phan cua vat lieu hap phu dau
chu yeu la si thuy tinh (96% trong lng) nen khi ot ch co
dau va cac chat hu c b gi lai trong vat lieu la chay het,
con lai la si thuy tinh vo hai cho moi trng.
5.2- TAI CANG TIEP NHAN XANG DAU
5.2.1- Khon g che o nhie m do kh thai
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5.2.1. 1- Khon g che o nhie m do hi xa n g , dau va hi ch

Hien nay, tai khu vc cang tiep nhan xang dau, e han
che rui ro khi nhap xang, dau, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be dung
ong mem chuyen dau t tau ch sang ng ong va chuyen
dau ve cac bon cha bang cach :
- at van mot chieu co nh di at tai iem noi ong
cng va ong mem va dung bch co nh. Tac dung cua
van mot chieu la ngan khong cho dau chay t ong cng
ra ngoai khi co s co ong mem.
- Khi co s co ong mem, ong chat ngay van tren tau lai.
- Khi khong nhap dau, au ong mem noi vi tau ch dau
c bt bang bch bt, ong mem c tha xuong nc.
- e nh v au ong mem, dung cac phao qua nhot, noi
au ong mem vi phao ong mem bang day xch. Khi
van hanh, dung can cau cau au ng ong mem len
va noi vi bch ch tren tau ch dau.

Vi cac bien phap khong che o nhiem a c thc hien
nh tren, nong o hydrocacbon va hi ch tai hau het cac iem o
eu at tieu chuan cho phep (the hien qua ket qua o ac chat
lng moi trng khong kh tai khu vc cang tiep nhan c trnh
bay bang 6, chng III cua bao cao nay).
5.2.1. 2- Khon g che o nhie m do tien g on
e han che anh hng cua tieng on gay ra do hoat ong
cua cac may moc thiet b va cac phng tien giao thong thuy
ra vao cang xuat nhap xang dau, cac bien phap sau ay a
c Tong kho xang dau Nha Be ap dung :
- Cac phng tien giao thong thuy han che s dung coi trong
khu vc cang.
- Co ke hoach xuat nhap hp ly, tranh cac hoat ong ve
em cua cac phng tien giao thong.
- May moc c bao dng nh ky e am bao chat
lng khi van hanh, giam on.

Ket qua o ac o on tai khu vc cang tiep nhan xang dau
- Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a c trnh bay bang 7,
chng III cua bao cao cho thay o on tai khu vc con rat
thap so vi tieu chuan cho phep.
5.2.2- Khon g che o nhie m do nc thai
5.2.2. 1- Khon g che o nhie m do n c thai sinh hoat
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Nc thai sinh hoat t cac tau nhap nhien lieu se c x

ly ngay tren tau ma khong c phep xa tai khu vc cang.
Ngoai ra, thi gian tau hoat ong tren cang rat ngan (ch t 1 2 ngay em), so lng tau hoat ong trong nam khong nhieu. V
vay, cac loai nc thai sinh hoat phat sinh tai khu vc cang khong
phai la yeu to gay o nhiem thuy vc.
5.2.2. 2- Khon g che o nhie m do n c thai nhie m dau
Nc thai nhiem dau t cang tiep nhan chu yeu phat sinh
do qua trnh ve sinh, suc ra cac ham cha dau. oi vi cac
tau nhap dau cua nc ngoai, cong tac nay khong c thc
hien ngay tai cang. Rieng oi vi cac tau noi a cua Cong ty,
nc ve sinh xa can ham cha se c dan vao cac he thong
x ly at trong khu vc kho va x ly cung vi lng nc thai
nhiem dau phat sinh tai khu vc kho cha. Cong nghe x ly
nc thai a c trnh bay cu the muc 5.1.2.2.
5.2.3- Khon g che o nhie m do chat thai ran
Cac loai chat thai ran sinh hoat t cac tau nhap lieu phat
sinh do hoat ong cua cac thuy thu tren tau se c cha trong
cac thung co nap ay va khong c phep thai bo vao khu
vc cang. Chat thai ran cong nghe ch phat sinh t qua trnh
lam ve sinh tau. Tuy nhien, qua trnh nay khong c thc hien
ngay tai khu vc cang va cung khong thng xuyen. Do o, o
nhiem do chat thai ran tai khu vc cang t cac tau nhap lieu
la khong xay ra.
5.3- CAC BIEN PHAP PHONG CHONG CHAY NO VA S
CO MOI TRNG C AP DUNG TAI KHO CHA VA
CANG TIEP NHAN - TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE
5.3.1- Phon g chon g chay no va an toan lao ong
5.3.1. 1- Tran g thiet b phon g cha y cha cha y
Ban g 9 : Trang thiet b phong chay cha chay tai Tong kho
xang dau Nha Be
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Ten thie t b
So
lng
STT
Ten thie t b
So
lng
Xe Zin cha chay

Xe thuoc cha chay
May bm cha chay
co nh
May bm cha chay
di ong
Voi A cha chay
Voi B cha chay
Lang A cha chay
Lang B cha chay
Thuoc Foam cha
chay
06
03
14
20
21
22
Chan cha chay

Gau thuyen
Thang hop
80
02
03
03
23
Thang ba
05
239
39
43
35
345
24
25
26
27
28
Keng bao chay
41
Bang cam la
Bang cam hut thuoc
Cac bang noi quy
51
38
32
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10
11
Bnh Alsun ln
Bnh Alsun nho
39
50
29
30
12
Bnh CO2 ln
34
31
13
Bnh CO2 nho
171
32
14
15
16
Xe phun sung
Lang tao bot
May fun Foam keo
tay
Phuy cat PCCC
Phuy nc PCCC
Xeng cha chay
04
19
02
33
34
35
100
57
82
36
37
38
17
18
19
Tieu lenh cu hoa

Quy trnh van hanh
may cac loai
Tru nc cha chay
110
Hong nc cha chay
70
Bang ca PCCC
Voi hut xe cha chay
Ba truc xe cha chay
Loc rac
Ao cha chay
au ni lay
110
nc
33
17
123
478
04
16
10
09
09
03
5.3.1. 2- Bien phap pho n g chon g cha y no va an toan

lao on g
e e phong chay no, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a
tuan thu cac quy nh sau :
- Bo tr cac hang muc cong trnh trong khuon vien Tong kho
phu hp vi yeu cau phong chay cha chay, sao cho xe
cu hoa co the en c gan tat ca cac v tr khi co
chay no.
- Bo tr hp ly lc lng PCCC khi co chay, cac lc lng c
phan cong nhiem vu cu the nh sau :
. Ngi ang lam nhiem vu (trong ca trc) bao am v tr,
gi gn trat t lu thong trong khu vc va bao cao tnh
hnh khi co lc lng cha chay chuyen nghiep en chi
vien.
. Lc lng bao ve con lai trien khai oi hnh cha chay
theo ch ao cua ngi ch huy.
. Nhan vien giao nhan nhanh chong cach ly (nh ong van,
s tan) xang, dau hay nhng chat chay khac gan am
chay co nguy c b chay lan.
- Phoi hp chat che khi cha chay vi lc lng chuyen
nghiep.
- Cac may moc, thiet b dung trong hoat ong va trong
cong tac phong chay cha chay phai co ly lch kem theo
va phai c o ac, theo doi thng xuyen cac thong so
ky thuat.
- Cac may moc, thiet b lam viec nhiet o va ap suat
cao co ho s, ly lch ro rang (c s kiem tra nh ky cua
cac c quan chc nang nha nc) vi ay u cac ong
ho o nhiet o, ap suat, mc xang dau...
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- Lap at he thong chong set tren cac bon cha xang

dau (khu vc co o cao ln nhat) va he thong tiep at
cua cac thiet b trong khu vc.
- Nhan vien lam viec trong khu vc ang xuat, nhap se
khong c s dung cac vat dung bang kim loai, tranh va
ap manh gay nen s co chay, no.
- Cac thiet b ien se c duy tr ieu kien an toan,
ngan nga kha nang phat ra tia la ien cua cac thiet b,
dung cu ien khu vc nguy hiem. Cac loai en chieu se
la cac loai en chong no. Cac may moc dung ien la
cac thiet b phong no se c noi at chong ien ro va
chong tch ien t.
- Nang cao trnh o ky thuat chuyen nganh cho oi ngu
cong nhan vien, ac biet la cac quy nh an toan, phong
chay cha chay. Thng xuyen kiem tra, nhac nh cac quy
nh an toan ve moi trng va phong chay cha chay.
Bao am an ninh trong khu vc cau cang. Cong nhan bao
ve va oi cu hoa trc 24/24.
- Phoi hp vi chnh quyen a phng va cac c quan co
chc nang thanh lap ban ch huy thong nhat trong viec lap
phng an phong chay cha chay va to chc dien tap
cha chay e am bao hieu qua ng cu khi co s co.
Chi tiet phng an phong chay cha chay tai cho cua Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be c trnh bay phan phu luc.
5.3.2- Phon g chon g ro r xan g , dau, gas, dung moi,
hoa chat
5.3.2. 1- Cac bien phap e pho n g
- Kiem tra nh ky o ben, o kn cua mat bch, van, ong
noi, phai thay the va sa cha ngay khi co hien tng ro
r.
- am bao an toan khi van hanh cac phng tien van
chuyen : tau ch nhien lieu (xang, dau, gas, dung moi,
hoa chat...), xa lan, xe bon,...
- Tuan thu nghiem ngat quy tac bao tr ng ong...
5.3.2. 2- Cac bien phap x ly khi co s co
- Ngng van hanh
- Bao cao chnh quyen a phng biet e ho tr cong tac
bao ve
- Cam bien, cang day quanh khu vc s co
- ao at ti iem s co
- Thu het xang, dau, dung moi, hoa chat ong chay ra
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- Bt lo ro r
- Ve sinh sach se moi trng
- Han chet mieng op bt lo ro bang phng phap bao am
an toan PCCC
- Boc lai ng ong
- Lap at cho ao
- Boi thng thiet hai, cai tao at
- Cung vi a phng xac nh nguyen nhan s co
Hieu qua cua bien phap khon g che an g ap dun g :

Vi bien phap ang ap dung hien nay, hien tng ro r
xang, dau, gas, dung moi, hoa chat hau nh khong xay ra.
5.3.3- Phn g an ng cu s co dau tran
5.3.3. 1 - Kha na n g xa y ra s co dau tran tai khu vc
Can c vao ieu kien thc te : toan bo khu vc Cang
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be co tat ca 8 cau tau. Vay khi xay ra
s co (ong cong nghe tai cau tau b v hay tau b thung), t
nhat mot trong tam cau tau nay se nam trong tnh trang ng
cu khan cap:
- Tai cau tau IA
- Tai cau tau IIA
- Tai cau tau IIIA
- Tai cau tau IB
- Tai cau tau IIB
- Tai cau tau IIIB
- Tai cau tau IVB
- Tai cau tau C
Toan bo cac cau tau phan bo tren mot chieu dai khoang
1.700m. Khoang cach gia 2 cau tau ke nhau xa nhat la 600m
(gia cau IVB va cau C). Chu vi cau tau ln nhat la 260m, dien
tch la 3.200m 2 (cau IVB). Nh vay, vi chieu dai 360m, pham vi
hoat ong khoang 10.000m 2 th phao quay dau Kepner neu c neo
mot v tr co nh nao th ch co kha nang phuc vu o. Do
o, e c ong trong viec ng cu dau tran phu hp vi ieu
kien thc te khu vc, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be se trang b xa
lan va tau keo, ket hp vi phao quay dau e co the di chuyen
he thong phao nay mot cach linh hoat nhat en bat c v tr
nao cua cum cau cang, tham gia ng cu khi co s co.
5.3.3. 2- Ngu y e n tac chun g giai quy e t s co dau tran
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a) Nguyen nhan gay ra s co tran dau

- Buc ong cong nghe khi ang xuat, nhap xang, dau
- Thung tau do s va ap cua tau hoac xa lan vao cau tau
b) Nguyen tac giai quyet
- Thong bao en ban ch huy m rong e co bien phap ho
tr va giup on nh trat t tren song e ng cu co
hieu qua.
- Trieu tap ban ch huy ng cu dau tran noi bo : Nhanh
chong to chc thong bao cac bc thc hien en tng
thanh vien cua ban ch huy.
- Cac bc thc hien :
. Thong bao ngng khan cap bm hang vao kho ni xay
ra s co, hu coi bao ong tren toan Tong kho.
. Ngat toan bo he thong ien dan vao ni xay ra s co.
. ong van tai cau tau hoac tren tau nhap e ngan chan
khong cho xang dau tiep tuc chay xuong song.
. Ban ch huy noi bo ra lenh to chc va trien khai phao
quay e quay toan bo lng dau tran ra tren song.
. To chc cu ngi b nan tai ni xay ra s co.
. To chc va trien khai toan bo he thong cha chay trong
khu vc xay ra s co tren b va di nc.
c) Bien phap phong nga
e ngan nga s co tran dau, Tong kho xang dau Nha
Be a thc hien cac bien phap phong nga nh sau :
- Thng xuyen kiem tra cac phng tien xuat nhap t bon
en cau tau, cac he thong ong mem tai cac cau tau,
cac van ong m tai cau tau.
- Yeu cau cac tau khi cap vao cau tau phai tuan theo cac
quy pham phong chay cha chay va quy pham cap tau
hien hanh.
- Thng xuyen luyen tap oi vi cac tnh huong co the
dan en s co tran dau theo nh ky (1lan/nam).
5.3.3. 3- Bo tr lc ln g tham gia n g cu dau tran
a) To chc nhan s
* Ban ch huy ng cu dau tran
- Ban ch huy m rong : Bao gom Tong kho xang dau Nha
Be, chnh quyen a phng va cac ban nganh co lien quan (S
Khoa hoc, Cong nghe va Moi trng thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, PC
23, cang vu...).
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- Ban ch huy noi bo :

. Trng ban : Giam oc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be chu
trach nhiem ch huy chung khi co s co xay ra.
. Pho ban : Trng phong bao ve Tong kho chu trach
nhiem ieu ong lc lng phong chay, lc lng
bao ve khi co s co xay ra.
. Uy vien : Chu nhiem cac kho A, B, C chu trach nhiem duy
tr, ieu ong lc lng y te, th sa cha cac loai
va theo lenh cua trng ban, pho ban khi co s co
xay ra.
. To trng xa lan va tau keo : Nhan lenh trc tiep t
trng ban hoac pho ban khi co s
co tran dau va ra lenh trien khai
cu the en tng thuyen vien.
* Lc lng trc tiep tham gia ng cu
- Di song :
. xa lan : Gom 06 ngi, trong o co 01 to trng co
nhiem vu trien khai phao quay va keo phao khi
hoan tat cong viec, at phao neo va s dung
thiet b oil skimmer e bm hut dau.
. tau keo : Gom 04 ngi, trong o co 01 to trng co
nhiem vu ieu hanh va trien khai phao quay,
bm nc cu hoa khi co s co chay no.
- Tren b :
. Lc lng bao ve : Huy ong toan bo lc lng bao ve
cua kho ni xay ra s co va cua cac kho
khac e gi gn trat t va ho tr cho cac
lc lng khac.
. Lc lng phong chay : Bao gom lc lng phong chay tai
cau tau, cac hong cu hoa doc theo
tuyen ong, xe cu hoa cua kho, bao
gom :
. Kho A : 02 xe
. Kho B : 03 xe
. Kho C : 02 xe
. Lc lng hau can : Cac loai th sa cha, nhan vien y
te phai tuc trc thng xuyen e sa
cha va van hanh cac thiet b khi can
thiet, cap cu kp thi cac ngi b nan.
b) Trang thiet b
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Khi co s co tran dau xay ra, dau loang ra song va co

khuynh hng di chuyen theo dong nc, neu khong co cac bien
phap ng cu kp thi, so lng dau tren se lan nhanh va lam
o nhiem khu vc xung quanh, anh hng en he sinh thai cua
toan vung. Thc te a co rat nhieu bien phap c ap dung
e ngan chan dau loang nh dung phao quay dau, may thu gop
dau, may tham, may phan tan...Tuy nhien, nh a phan tch
cac phan tren, bien phap at he thong phao quay dau tren xa
lan se c la chon e ng cu dau tran trong trng hp co
s co tai Cang Tong kho xang dau Nha Be. He thong trang thiet
b tham gia ng cu dau tran bao gom :
* Xa lan
- So lng : 01
- Tai trong : 200 tan
- Kch thc : 20m x 7m
* Ham cha dau (at tren xa lan)
- So lng : 01
- Dung tch : 150 tan
- Cong dung : Cha dau tran khi c hut t song len
* Tau keo
- So lng : 01
- Cong suat 160CV
- Cong dung : Keo xa lan co cha phao quay va trien khai
phao quay khi co s co xay ra.
* Phao neo
- So lng : 02
- Cong dung : Dung e neo xa lan tai ni xay ra s co e
trien khai phao quay
* Phao quay dau Kepner loai xop noi ben trong
- Moi oan dai 60m, phan noi phao 12 inch, phan chm (vay
phao) 16 inch, lp boc bang polyvinil 18oz/sq.yd vi 100% cac
mep vien c han tang cng e bao am o ben can
thiet.
- Cuon bot xop bang polyetylene c may kn ben trong,
thuon 2 au
- cuoi moi oan co cac cau noi nhanh bang nhom co
kha nang chu lc khoe
- Co xch chu lc c 5/16 lam bang thep ma kem at
di cung cua vay phao
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- Tong lc cang la 18.000 pound, lc cang cua xch la 1.600

pound, lc cang cua au noi la 240 pound, lc cang cua
khoa noi va vo phao la la 100 pound.
- Chu c nhiet o bat thng 200 0F, hoat ong bnh thng
1800F
- Co kha nang chong vi khuan, co kha nang chong nam.
- Co kha nang chong rach dai, khong tham nc
- Co kha nang chong muc va moc
- Co kha nang chong lao hoa do tia t ngoai
- o noi 15 : 1
- Kha nang chong chay theo ung tieu chuan phong chay
cha chay cua California
* Bo au noi phao va day keo phao
Chuyen dung co keo phao, dai va chu lc cang ln. Co
moc noi nhanh au cho phep thao tac noi, thao de dang
* Bm hut dau tran Seavac Delta Heavyduty Skimmer
La loai bm dau chuyen dung c thiet ke e hut dau
loang tren bien gom co 2 phan : Phan ket cau hut dau noi
tren mat nc va phan bm cong suat 330 gpm (xap x
75m3/gi).
Quy cach (moi bo)
- 01 cum hut dau #SV330 cho Skimmer, cong suat 330
galon/phut
- 06 oan ong hut dau ky hieu #KH325 dai 7,5m; 7,6 cm
- 18 phao treo ong 7,6 cm ky hieu #KHF3S
- 01 thanh nh v bm hut ky hieu KW8DS
- 01 bm hut dau kieu xach tay ky hieu #KP3TD, ong c
diesel Yanmar (Nhat)
- 01 quyen hng dan van hanh
- 01 bo phu tung cho moi bo bao gom
. 01 khp noi ky hieu #KLC/M3
. 01 khp noi ky hieu #KLC/F3
. 01 em khp noi ky hieu #KLC/G3
. 01 cuon bang dnh lam kn ren ong
. 04 phao treo ong ky hieu #KHFS
. 01 loc kh cho bm
. 01 loc dau cho bm
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
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55
. 01 loc nhien lieu cho bm

* Chat tham dau SPC
- Loai tam : 43cm x 48cm x 0,5cm (dai, rong, cao)
- 200 tam/hop
than
- Cong suat hut dau : toi a en 25 lan trong lng ban

* He thong may bm nc cu hoa
- So lng : 01
no
- Cong dung : s dung trong trng hp xay ra s co chay
Xa lan va tau keo se c neo tai khu vc thng lu cau

tau IA, thuan tien cho viec trien khai phao quay va khong b
vng bi cac tau nhap hang khac khi neo, ni ay phai lam
mot so cac coc neo va cau dan ra xa lan va tau keo.
5.3.3. 4- Gia nh cac tnh huon g
cu s co dau tran
va ph n g
an n g
Qua khao sat thc te cho thay khu vc cang Nha Be co 2

cau tau tai rach Phu Xuan va 6 cau tau tren song Nha Be, do
o trong phng an ng cu dau tran nay, chung toi a ra 2
tnh huong gia nh :
- S co xay ra trong rach Phu Xuan (tai cau tau IIA)
- S co xay ra tren song Nha Be (tai cau tau C)
a) Tnh huong tran dau xay ra tai cau tau IIA ( s co xay ra
oi vi cau tau)
- Tnh huong : Can c vao tnh hnh thc te khi xuat, nhap
xang dau va ac iem thuy van, a hnh cua khu vc, s co
tran dau tai cau IIA c gia thiet nh sau :
. Thuy trieu ang len
. Ong mem b v
. ang xuat hang (xang)
. Lu lng xuat la 200 m3/gi
. Khoang cach t cho neo xa lan en ni xay ra s co 600 m.
- Bien phap giai quyet : Ngay khi xay ra s co v ong mem,
cong nhan van hanh tai cau tau co nhiem vu khoa van ong
xuat, cup cau dao ien. Bao ve cau tau co nhiem vu thong
bao cho ban chu nhiem kho va ban ch huy ng cu dau tran
cua Tong kho. Khi ong mem b v, xang dau chay xuong song
en khi may bm c ngat gia nh khoang 5 phut, so lng
xang dau tran ra song la :
200 x 5
60
17 m3
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
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56
Ngay sau khi c thong bao co s co tran dau xay ra, ban
ch huy ng cu lap tc thong bao en to trng xa lan va
tau keo. Sau o 3 phut, trien khai ngay xa lan en khu vc tran
dau. Trong thi gian nay, trng ban ng cu Tong kho co trach
nhiem thong bao s kien en cac thanh vien ban ch huy ng
cu noi bo, chu nhiem kho A va cac kho con lai. S viec se
c thong bao cho ban ch huy ng cu m rong e co bien
phap tr giup trong qua trnh ng cu tran dau. Xe cu hoa cua
kho A se co mat tai ni xay ra s co tren b, cac he thong
cu hoa co nh ngay cau tau va trong kho san sang trc chien
khi can thiet. Toan bo th sa cha cac loai va nhan vien y te
Tong kho co mat tai cho e co bien phap sa cha va cu
ngi b nan kp thi.
Tnh toan thi gian t luc xay ra tai nan en luc tau keo
uoi kp vet dau loang.
- Trieu ang len : xa lan va tau keo i xuoi theo dong chay.
Van toc cua xa lan va tau keo c tnh 16 km/gi (4,44
m/s)
- Khi dau loang ra song se b anh hng cua dong nc
cuon troi. Van toc khi dong trieu len la 1,2 m/s. Vi ac
tnh cua dau va xang co o nht va co khuynh hng
tien vao b do song khi chuyen ong nen van toc troi
cua xang dau tren thc te bang na van toc dong chay
hoac nho hn mot t (khoang 0,5 m/s).
- Can c vao cac thong so tren, co the tnh c khoang
thi gian tau keo va xa lan bat kp vet dau loang e trien
khai phao quay dau nh sau :
Ni xa lan bat kp
dau loang
B (ni xay ra s co)
90 m
quang ng di
chuyen cua dau sau 3
phut trien khai xa lan
600 m
A (v tr xa
lan)
L = 600 + 90 (khoang di chuyen cua dau sau 3 phut trien khai

xa lan) + 0,5 t
= 690 + 0,5 t
L = 4,44 m/s (van toc cua xa lan va tau keo) x t
690 + 0,5 t = 4,44 t
t
= 175 = 255
- Tong cong thi gian t luc xay ra s co en luc tau keo

va xa lan bat kp vet dau loang e trien khai phao quay la : 3 +
255 = 555
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Sau khi xa lan va tau keo en khu vc dau loang, to trng

tau - xa lan ra lenh tha phao neo e neo xa lan va bat au dung
tau keo e trien khai phao quay dau, thu gom dau vao khu vc
sat b. Tiep theo, xa lan tha thiet b bm hut dau (oil skimmer)
xuong va hut dau vao ham cha dau cua xa lan, lu lng bm
hut cua oil skimmer la 50 m 3/gi. Nh vay, so lng dau tran se
c x ly trong vong 01 gi. Khi khong the dung may bm c
na, to trng xa lan cho ra lenh cho tha chat giay tham dau
xuong song e hut va lam sach dau tren mat song, giay
tham co dau c vat sach vao ham cha cua xa lan.
Trong qua trnh ng cu dau tran, tat ca cac phng tien
cha chay tai cau tau, phng tien cha chay di ong (cac xe
cu hoa) va thiet b cha chay at tren xa lan eu tnh
trang trc chien, san sang ng cu.
Trong trng hp nay, neu khong co s co chay no xay ra,
ngay sau khi a lam sach dau tren song, Phong cong nghe au
t cua Cong ty xang dau khu vc II se ket hp vi Tong kho
xang dau Nha Be kiem tra va thay cac ong mem b h hong,
kiem tra hoat ong cua he thong ien va cac may bm van
hanh bm hut xang dau. Tong kho xang dau Nha Be co the cho
xuat nhap bnh thng sau khi am bao an toan cho cac he
thong thiet b tren.
b) Tnh huong tran dau xay ra tai cau tau C (S co xay ra
oi vi tau cha dau)
- Tnh huong : Can c vao tnh hnh thc te khi xuat, nhap
xang dau va ac iem thuy van, a hnh cua khu vc, s co
tran dau tai cau C c gia thiet nh sau :
. Thuy trieu xuong, van toc dong 2,2 m/s
. Thung mot ham dau 1.000 m 3 do va ap gia tau 5.000 m 3
(tau cha 5 ham dau) va cau tau kho C.
. Khoang cach t cho neo xa lan en ni xay ra s co la
1.300 m
- Bien phap giai quyet : Ngay khi co s co xay ra, trong cac
khoang cha dau co he thong bm lien hoan e rut bt dau
t ngan b thung en cac ngan con lai. V vay, so lng dau
loang ra song c tnh khoang 200 m3.
Cung vi cach trien khai va thi gian bat dau hoat ong
cua xa lan va tau keo nh tnh huong 1, ta co the tnh c thi
gian bat au xay ra s co en khi trien khai quay dau nh sau :
- Van toc xa lan va tau keo : 16 km/gi (4,44 m/s)
- Van toc dau loang khoang :1,2 m/s
ni bat kp vet
v tr dau
tran
C dau loang
lan)
B
m -(quang
ng
1300
n v thc hien TM: Cong Ty
ng m
Dung Ky Thuat va San216
Xuat
Trung Tam
Congdi
chuyen
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
18A Cong Hoa - Quan Tan Bnh- Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh - Telcua
:( 84.8)
8425760
Fax : (84.8)
dau
sau 3 -phut
trien
8425763
khai
xa
lan)
L
A (v tr xa
58
L = 1.300 + 216 (khoang di chuyen cua dau sau 3 phut trien

khai xa lan) + 1,2 t
= 1516 + 1,2 t
L = 4,44 (van toc cua xa lan va tau keo) x t
1516 + 1,2 t = 4,44 t
= 467 = 747
Tong cong thi gian t luc khi hanh tau - xa lan en v tr

trien khai phao quay la 3 + 747 = 1047
Trong trng hp nay, v b va ap manh, anh hng en
ket cau. Cong ty xang dau khu vc II se nh cac c quan chc
nang kiem tra e xac nh mc o h hong cua tau va cau
tau e quy trach nhiem cu the cho cac ben.
Sau qua trnh xay ra s co, khi cang a i vao hoat ong lai
bnh thng, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be se cong bo nguyen
nhan xay ra s co va qua trnh ng cu dau tran en cac n
v lien quan va tren cac phng tien thong tin ai chung, ong
thi xac nh a khac phuc cac hau qua do s co tran dau
xay ra va tranh thu s ong tnh cua ong ao d luan vi
hng x ly ma Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a thc hien.
* Kinh ph thc hien : 2,8 ty ong
5.3.4- Phon g chon g tran nha ng
Nha ng la mot loai san pham khong gay tac hai moi
trng. Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a thiet ke, lap at he
thong thiet b nhan va phan phoi ng nha long vi tieu
chuan an toan va bao am ve sinh moi trng cao nhat.
Nha ng long ma Tong kho xang dau Nha Be tiep
nhan co iem boc chay nhiet o 230 0C. Dau tai nhiet s
dung trong he thong gia nhiet cung khong phai la loai san pham
c liet ke vao danh muc nguy hiem vi iem boc chay
nhiet o tren 2000C. Qua trnh ton tr, giao nhan nha ng
cung khong gay o nhiem moi trng. Trong trng hp tran
khoi bon cha, nha ng long cung khong gay oc hai cho
moi trng chung quanh. Tuy nhien, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be
a ap dung he thong an toan, van t ong e khong xay ra
hien tng tran nha ng long. Nha ng long khong hoa
tan trong nc, khi gap nhiet o bnh thng no se b ong lai.
ieu nay lam giam rat nhieu kha nang gay o nhiem moi
trng va rat de cho viec thu gom.
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S co tran nha ng long that ra rat hy hu va kha

nang ro r nha ng do ng ong b an mon ben trong a
b loai tr. Neu khong may co s co th ch can lam lanh va thu
gom.
e e phong va kiem soat c s co tran nha ng
long, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a thiet ke va xay dng he
thong x ly nhieu cap o khac nhau :
- He thong co lap khu tran nha ng.
- He thong ngng hoat ong khan cap.
- He thong phun nc.
- He thong phong chay, cha chay an toan
Cong ty co ke hoach phoi hp hanh ong vi c quan PCCC
thanh pho Ho Ch Minh e a ra nhng phng an toi u nhat
trong viec thng xuyen luyen tap thc hanh cac phng an PCCC
khi co s co hoa hoan.
oi vi trang thiet b, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a thiet
ke theo phng cham han che cac ieu kien gay no. Cac van,
ap ke, cai ngat bo gia nhiet ien t va cac bo ieu khien ap
suat khong the thieu c oi vi bo gia nhiet dau nong. He
thong ong thung va bm vao xe tai cung hoat ong t ong
co bo phan ngat an toan cho moi lan lam viec theo chng trnh
a thiet ke.
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a thiet lap cac khoang cach
an toan gia cac bon cha va cac cong trnh phu can e gii
han va giam thieu tac hai do s co tran nha ng gay ra.
Viec bao quan, ton tr va chuyen ch cung c tien
hanh theo bien phap het sc nghiem ngat. Nha ng long
c ton tr trong cac bon kn co gan cac thiet b an toan. Cac
bon cung c thiet ke theo tieu chuan rieng va an toan tuyet
oi.
5.4- CAC QUY NH VE AN TOAN LAO ONG C AP DUNG
TAI KHO CHA VA CANG TIEP NHAN XANG DAU TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE
5.4.1- Ve sinh an toan lao on g
Ngoai cac phng an khong che o nhiem neu tren, Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be cung a trien khai cac bien phap sau
nham giam thieu anh hng cua cac tac nhan o nhiem en
ngi lao ong.
- Tuan thu triet e cac ieu khoan ve ve sinh an toan lao
ong oi vi cong nhan vien lam viec tai Tong Kho xang
dau Nha Be do Bo Y Te va Tong Cong ty xang dau Viet
Nam ban hanh.
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60
- Co chng trnh kiem tra viec thi hanh an toan lao ong tai
khu vc san xuat (quan ao bao ho lao ong, cac che o
bao hiem, boi dng...).
- nh ky kiem tra va giam sat sc khoe cho can bo cong
nhan vien, kp thi phat hien cac benh do nghe nghiep
- Co chng trnh giam sat o nhiem
- Co bien phap khong che nong o cac chat o nhiem va
cac yeu to vi kh hau at di tieu chuan moi trng.
- Giao duc y thc ve ve sinh an toan va an toan cho can
bo cong nhan vien.
Sau ay la mot so ieu le ve ve sinh an toan lao ong a
c Tong kho xang dau Nha Be ap dung :
5.4.1. 1- ieu le an toan lao on g tai khu vc kho
Tai khu vc Tong kho xang dau Nha Be, theo nguyen tac
chung triet e cam:
- Hut thuoc la trong vong rao kho
ien
- ot la hay thc hien cac cong viec gay phat sinh tia la
- S dung en bam khong thuoc loai an toan
- Mang vao kho cac dung cu hay vat lieu khong cho phep
- S dung kh oxy e no may
- Sa cha may moc ang van hanh
- Mac quan ao dnh dau hay bang si nhan tao e lam viec
- Lam viec tran hay mac quan ao ngan khong bao ve

c c the.
- Sa cha mot bo phan ma khong thong bao cho tat ca
cac bo phan khac e biet.
- Thao g may moc, ong dan, van...trc khi bao am cac
bo phan tren a c cach ly va duy tr ap suat khong
kh.
- i xuong cac ho hay vao cac bon cha, mac du bon a
c huy hi dau va suc ra ma khong co giay phep.
- e cac dung cu tren cao (tren noc bon, tren thang) co
the ri xuong gay tai nan lao ong.
Cong nhan vien lam viec trong khu vc kho cha va cau
cang a thc hien cac quy nh sau :
- Tat ca cong nhan vien c trang b quan ao bao ho lao
ong. Nhan vien ac trach ieu khien may moc oi non,
mang giay va bao tay an toan lao ong.
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61
- Tai cac khau co dau ban ra, nhan vien c trang b quan
ao bao ho lao ong khong tham nc va knh bao ho lao
ong. nhng ni co kha nang khong kh b o nhiem
c trang b dung cu phat hien kh oc va mat na thch
hp.
- Thng xuyen don ve sinh va duy tr cac vung nguy hiem
luon sach, khong e ri rt gie, cay vun...cac vat nay se
c thu gom va bo vao nhng thung rac bang kim loai co
nap ay.
- ng i c don dep sach se, khong co chng ngai vat.
- Khu vc cac bon cha c chieu sang ay u.
5.4.1. 2- ieu le ve sinh an toan lao on g tai ben xuat
nhap
Cac ieu le chung tai ni cau tau xuat, nhap va khu xuat
cho xe bon gom :
a) ieu le chung luc phan phoi nhien lieu
- Trc khi xa lan en tiep nhan nhien lieu, mat bang ni
phan phoi c don dep sach se. Rac, gie vun va tat ca
cac vat dung khong can thiet cho cong tac c mang i
ni khac.
- Khi cong tac sang chuyen nhien lieu c tien hanh, neu
phat hien ro r ong sang chuyen, se co bien phap sa
cha trong thi han nhanh nhat.
- Tuyet oi khong e thung cha xang, dau, gas, hoa chat
tren cac truc lo giao thong.
- Khi xang, dau, hoa chat...ri rt ra ngoai, se c thu gom
tr lai hoac thieu huy theo ieu le. Gie tam dau c thu
gom lai va bo vao thung rac bang kim loai co nap ay.
- Tuyet oi khong hut thuoc hay s dung nguon cac sang
khong cho phep. ieu le nay se c ghi tren bang va
bang dng ni de chay va de oc.
- Khi au ong sang chuyen xang, dau cha tiep xuc vi be
mat lp xang, dau trong bon, van toc cua dau van
chuyen trong ong khong c qua nhanh tren 1 m/s. Khi au
ong nam di mat at, van toc co the la 4,5 m/s
- Trong khi tien hanh cong tac sang chuyen nhien lieu vao
bon, neu co ma hay sap co giong bao, tc khac ngng
ngay cong tac, ay kn nap bon.
- Sau khi cong tac sang chuyen xang, dau hoan tat, cac
cong viec nh lay ong dan xang, dau ra khoi bon; lay
mau xang, dau; o nhiet o xang, dau; o mc xang, dau
trong bon khong c thc hien ngay. Cong viec tren ch
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co the thc hien sau thi gian 2 phut, ke t luc xang,

dau ngng chay vao bon.
- Thc hien moi bien phap e tranh hoac gii han toi a
viec e xang, dau ri rt tren mat at hay mat nc
trong luc lay ong ra khoi bon.
- Sau khi cong tac sang chuyen nhien lieu hoan tat, se tien
hanh kiem tra bon cha, cac ong dan e co the phat
hien, neu co, cac ni xang, dau, hoa chat...co the tran
ra ngoai. Cac nap ay cung c kiem tra o kn.
b) ieu le rieng cho xe bon
oi vi cac xe bon ch nhien lieu, tai xe se thc hien
cac quy nh chung sau ay:
- au xe v tr thch hp e co the san sang va de dang
chay ra ngoai trong trng hp co bien co khan cap.
- Tat may xe trc khi cong viec sang chuyen xang, dau bat
au va ch cho may chay lai khi ong sang chuyen lay i.
- Trong thi gian chuyen nhien lieu, lai xe khong c sa
cha, lau chui xe hay may xe.
- Tat ca cac xe bon vao tram se c trang b t nhat hai
bnh dap la trong tnh trang s dung tot. Neu xe co keo
theo bon cha phu, se trang b them bnh dap la phu. Tai
xe xe bon se c tap huan e s dung cac bnh dap la
nay.
- Moi ngan cha xang, dau sau khi c o ay, se c
ay nap that ky trc khi chuyen sang ngan khac.
c) ieu le rieng cho xa lan va tau ch xang, dau
- Xa lan ch xang, dau se c neo vao b bang day gai
hoac si nhan tao.
- Mot cau thang c bac t cau cang qua xa lan c duy tr
trong suot thi gian sang chuyen xang, dau.
- Cac nguon la tren xa lan se c tat trong suot thi gian
chuyen xang, dau.
- Tat ca cac nhan vien phu trach cong viec sang chuyen
xang, dau eu se mang phao cap cu. Van toc xang, dau
trong ong c duy tr mc thap, en khi xang dau trong
bon vt khoi au ong sang chuyen 0,6 m.
- Cac tau ch xang, dau khi cap cang phai tuan thu cac
quy nh moi trng chung. Tau co cau tao may oi hoac
man kep. Tren tau phai co cac ham cha chat thai. Moi
phe thai phai c thu gom va x ly. Tat ca cac loai
chat thai eu khong c xa vao moi trng trong khu vc
cang.
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- Cac xa lan, tau ch xang, dau noi a phai c trang b

cac phng tien phong chong tran dau, PCCC va c kiem
soat chat che. Cang ch cung cap dau cho cac tau, xa lan
u ieu kien ky thuat, ve sinh moi trng, an toan
PCCC...sau khi a c kiem nh tai tram kiem nh xa lan.
He thong xuat xang, dau cho xa lan kho C a c t
ong hoa.
- Cac ng ong mem noi ong ay bm xang, dau t tau
eu c kiem tra thng xuyen. e chong ro r dau ra
ngoai, khi noi ong bm xang, dau, moi thao tac eu c
thc hien tren khoang tau. Cac thiet b lap ghep, noi ong
am bao cac yeu cau ky thuat : kn, chu ap lc. Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be co mot oi th lan chuyen kiem tra
tnh trang ong cao su khi tau vao.
- Trc ay, tau ch xang, dau vao cang phan ln la tau
Lien Xo cu, thi gian nhap dau keo dai. Hien nay, Tong
cong ty xang dau thue cac tau co sc tai ln, trong tai
t 20.000 - 30.000 DWT, trang b hien ai hn, mang kep, thi
gian nhap dau ngan (thng la trong mot ngay em) cua
Xingapo va cac nc khac. Viec thay oi loai tau ch
xang, dau lam giam ang ke tai lng o nhiem khu vc
cang. Tnh an toan cua cac tau nay cao hn cac tau cua
Lien Xo cu rat nhieu.
5.4.1. 3- Ve sinh an toan lao on g khi suc ra cac bon
cha
Mot trong nhng cong viec nguy hiem de gay tai nan trong
kho cha xang dau la suc ra cac bon cha xang, dau :
Tat ca cac cong viec
trong bon ang cha dau hay
phai ap dung mot so ieu
bao ve sc khoe cong nhan
tren thc hien tren bon hay ben

a c dung e cha dau, eu
le Ve sinh an toan lao ong e
va tranh xay ra tai nan chay no.
Theo thong ke cua mot so c quan phong chay, cha chay

My, trong 242 am chay xay ra c s cha dau co 114 lan
do nguyen nhan no bon cha (47%) va trong 114 lan nay co 40
lan xay ra trong luc cong nhan suc ra bon cha.
Do o mot so ieu le chung ve ve sinh an toan lao ong
can c thc hien trong khi suc ra bon nh sau :
a) Giai oan huy hi dau :
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a triet e tuan theo cac quy
nh sau ay :
- Khong c m ca vao pha di cua bon khi cha ong
cac lo thoat tren noc bon hay khi nong o hi dau trong
bon con 50% gii han chay di (o cach noc khoang 3 m).
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64
- Ngng ngay cong viec hut kh trong bon va ong tat ca

cac lo thoat hi cua bon khi tri dong bao.
- Cong nhan phu trach m ca di cua bon phai mang
mat na co hop th chong lai kh oc va cong viec m
cac lo thoat ra phai c thc hien tuan t.
- Cong tac huy hi dau trong bon cha c thc hien tuan
t nh tren va ch c xem nh hoan tat khi nong o hi
dau trong hon hp vi khong kh nho hn 20% gii han
chay di.
b) Giai oan ra bon cha dau
Giai oan nay c thc hien tiep theo sau giai oan loai bo
hi dau. Cong tac nay can phai ap dung mot so bien
phap an toan ac biet nh sau :
- Trc khi bat au cong viec ra bon cha, phai kiem tra
khong kh trong bon e xac nh nong o hi dau phai
thap hn 20% gii han chay di.
- Trong suot thi gian thc hien cong viec ra bon phai :
. am bao thong thoang ay u.
. Kiem tra thng xuyen nong o hi dau trong bon.
Nong o nay phai luon di mc 20% gii han chay
di. Neu nong o nay vt qua mc cho phep, phai
ngng ngay cong tac va tiep tuc tm bien phap thong
thoang.
. Trong suot thi gian ra bon, mot cong nhan c phan
cong theo doi ben ngoai trong khi cac cong nhan khac
thao tac trong bon. Moi cong nhan thao tac trong bon
phai mang day nt. Day nt nay noi lien vi ben ngoai
bang mot si day qua ca bon. Cong nhan theo doi
ben ngoai cung phai eo mat na phong chong hi kh
oc.
- Cong tac suc ra bon: Tuy loai dau a cha ma cong
tac ra bon khac nhau :
. oi vi bon a cha dau loai B (co iem chp di
550C), phan can ong trong bon co the sinh ra hi dau,
nong o hi dau trong bon co the thay oi ot ngot v
the phai het sc tranh gay tia la ien. Trong luc cao
ra bon, tuyet oi khong dung vat lieu bang kim loai
(ban chai sat).
. oi vi bon a cha dau loai C (co iem chp bang
hay ln hn 550C). Nguy hiem tng oi t hn v loai dau C
co iem chay rat cao. Co the dung vat lieu bang kim
loai neu can.
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Bien phap bao ho lao ong trong cong tac suc ra bon
cha se c thc hien nh sau :
- Tat ca cac cong nhan co trach nhiem suc, ra bon
cha a cha dau co pha ch khi suc ra trong bon cha
hay phai trang b :
. Bo quan ao bao ho lao ong bang vinyl clorua
. Giay cao bang neopren hay vinyl clorua (khong on vai)
. Bao tay bang vinyl clorua khong on vai
. Quan ao lot tuy theo kh hau.
. Mat na : oi vi cong nhan vien lam viec trong bon
se s dung loai mat na co ong dan khong kh. oi vi
cong nhan lam viec ben ngoai bon, s dung mat na
co he thong loc kh oc. Mat na chong bui oi vi
cong nhan cao set thanh bon.
. Day nt va day an toan cho cong nhan lam viec trong
bon.
- Tat ca cac vat dung ca nhan, ke ca khan tay se do
Tong kho cung cap e d phong nguy hiem co the xay ra.
- Ngoai trang b bao ho lao ong, cong nhan vien Kho xang
dau se gi gn ve sinh ca nhan nh sau :
. Trc khi an, cong nhan ci bo trang b bao ho lao
ong, quan ao lot, tam ra trc khi mac quan ao ca
nhan.
. Sau gi lam viec, cong nhan vien se c ra tay vi
ban chai anh mong tay. Trang b bao ho lao ong se
c giat moi ngay.
5.5- MOT SO BIEN PHAP HO TR
Ngoai cac bien phap ky thuat va cong nghe la chu yeu
va co tnh chat quyet nh e lam giam nhe cac o nhiem gay
ra cho con ngi va moi trng, cac bien phap ho tr cung gop
phan lam han che o nhiem va cai tao moi trng
- Giao duc y thc ve sinh moi trng va ve sinh cong
nghiep cho can bo cong nhan trong va ngoai Tong kho
xang dau Nha Be. Thc hien thng xuyen va co khoa
hoc cac chng trnh ve sinh, quan ly chat thai.
- Cung vi cac bo phan khac trong khu vc, tham gia thc
hien cac ke hoach han che toi a cac o nhiem, bao ve
moi trng theo cac qui nh va hng dan chung cua cac
cap chuyen mon va co tham quyen cua thanh pho Ho
Ch Minh.
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66
- on oc va giao duc cac can bo cong nhan vien thc

hien cac qui nh ve an toan lao ong, phong chong chay
no ong thi to chc thc hien viec kiem tra y te nh
ky.
* Tac dun g cua cay xanh
Cay xanh co tac dung rat co ch oi vi kh hau va moi
trng. Cay xanh co tac dung che nang, hut bt bc xa mat
tri, hut va gi bui, loc sach khong kh, hut tieng on va che
chan tieng on, mat khac no con tao tham my canh quan, tao ra
cam giac em du ve mau sac cho moi trng .
He so phan bc xa cua cay xanh thng nho hn he so
phan bc xa cua mat be-tong va mat tng.
Trong thi gian ban ngay, cay xanh hap thu bc xa mat tri
va hut nc t at len e tien hanh diep luc hoa theo cac
phan ng :
6CO2 + 5H2O C6H10O5 + 6O2 674 calo
hay
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2 674 calo
Nh vay, ban ngay cay xanh hut bc xa nhiet, hut CO 2 va

nha kh O2, con ban em th ngc lai, nha nhiet va kh CO 2, nhng
qua trnh hoat ong sinh ly cua cay xanh vao ban em rat yeu,
do o, lng nhiet va CO2 do cay thai ra vao ban em la khong
ang ke. V vay, nhiet o khong kh trong cac vn cay thng
thap hn cac cho trong trai 2 - 3 0C, nhiet o mat san co
thng thap hn nhiet o mat at trong 3 - 6 0C.
Khong kh cha bui khi thoi qua cac lum cay th cac hat bui
se bam vao mat la do lc ma sat va lc ri trong lng. Cac
luong khong kh thoi qua tan la se b lc can lam cho toc o
luong khong kh giam va loang i, mot phan hat se ngng ong
tren la cay. V vay, co the noi cay xanh co tac dung loc sach
khong kh.
Cac day cay xanh trong doc hai ben ng con co tac
dung lam giam s nhieu ong cua khong kh tren ng, do o,
giam bt tnh trang bui t mat ng tung bay vao khu vc Tong
kho.
Cay xanh con co tac dung lam giam tieng on. Song am
truyen qua cac dai cay xanh se b suy giam nang lng, mc
cng o am thanh b giam nhieu hay t phu thuoc vao mat o
la, kieu la, kch thc lum cay va chieu rong dai at trong
cay. Cac dai cay xanh se co tac dung lam phan xa am, do o,
lam giam bt mc on trong khuon vien Tong kho.
e han che cac tac ong tieu cc ti moi trng t
nhien, ong thi lam tang them ve my quan, Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be se quan tam ti viec quy hoach hang rao cay xanh
va tang so lng cay trong trong khuon vien. Cay xanh, tham
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co cua Tong kho chiem dien tch 15% so vi tong dien tch mat
bang, at tieu chuan quy nh ve dien tch cay xanh oi vi khu
vc san xuat.
Chng VI
CHNG TRNH GIAM SAT CHAT LNG

MOI TRNG
Viec giam sat chat lng moi trng la mot trong nhng
chc nang quan trong cua cong tac quan ly chat lng moi
trng va cung la mot trong nhng phan rat quan trong cua
cong tac anh gia tac ong moi trng.
e am bao cho cac hoat ong cua Tong kho xang dau
Nha Be khong gay tac ong tieu cc en moi trng xung
quanh va anh gia hieu qua cua cac bien phap x ly o
nhiem, chng trnh giam sat chat lng moi trng t e xuat
sau ay se c ap dung trong suot thi gian hoat ong :
- Giam sat chat lng moi trng khong kh va tac ong
cua no en kh hau.
vat.
- anh gia mc o o nhiem cua cac chat thai ti he sinh

- Giam sat chat lng vi kh hau
- Giam sat hieu qua lam viec cua cac he thong x ly
chat thai (sau khi a lap at).
- Kiem tra sc khoe cua con ngi nh ky.
6.1- OI VI KHO CHA XANG DAU

6.1.1- Giam sat moi trn g khon g kh va vi kh hau
- Cac ch tieu giam sat : Bui, SO2, NO2, CO, Hydrocacbon, hi ch,
nhiet o, o am, toc o gio, o on
trong va ngoai khu vc kho cha.
- V tr giam sat : Tai cac kho A, kho B, kho C
. Khu vc van phong
. Khu vc bon cha
. Khu tram bm
. Khu vc cap dau cho xe bon
. Khu vc nha dan nam gan Tong kho xang dau
- Tan suat thu mau va phan tch : 04 lan/nam
6.1.2- Giam sat moi trn g nc
* Nc ma t :
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- Cac ch tieu giam sat : pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, dau khoang,
Pb, S2-.
- V tr giam sat :
. Rach Di, ve pha thng nguon, cach khu vc kho A t 100
200 m
. Rach Di, ngay khu vc kho A
. Rach kho B, ve pha thng nguon, cach khu vc kho B t 100
200m
. Rach kho B, ngay khu vc kho B
. Rach Ong Luong, ve pha thng nguon, cach khu vc kho C
t 100200m
. Rach Ong Luong, ngay khu vc kho C
. Song Sai Gon, cach b phai 20 30m, ngay khu vc tong
kho 150 200 m ve pha thng nguon
. Song Sai Gon, cach b phai 20 30m, ngay khu vc kho A
. Song Sai Gon, cach b phai 20 30 m, ngay khu vc kho B
. Song Sai Gon, cach b phai 20 30 m, ngay khu vc kho C
. Song Sai Gon, cach b phai 20 30 m, cach khu vc Tong
kho 150 200m ve pha ha nguon
. Song Sai Gon, gia dong, cach khu vc Tong kho 150 200
m ve pha thng nguon
. Song Sai Gon, gia dong, khu vc kho A
. Song Sai Gon, gia dong, khu vc kho B
. Song Sai Gon, gia dong, cach khu vc tong kho 150 200
m ve pha thng nguon
* Nc thai
- V tr giam sat : Nc au ra cua he thong x ly nc
thai nhiem dau
- Ch tieu giam sat : Dau khoang
* Nc nga m
- Cac ch tieu giam sat : pH, TDS, o cng, o kiem, Fe, Cl -,
N-NO3-.
- V tr giam sat : Nc gieng khoan
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6.1.3- Giam sat ng uo n chat thai ran

Kiem tra giam sat viec thu gom, x ly chat thai ran cong
nghe va sinh hoat phat sinh trong khu vc kho cha - Tong kho
xang dau Nha Be.
oi vi mau bun can :
- Cac ch tieu giam sat : dau khoang, Pb
- V tr giam sat :
. Bun can t viec suc ra bon
. Bun can t he thong x ly nc thai nhiem dau
- Tan suat giam sat : 02 lan/nam
6.2- OI VI CANG TIEP NHAN XANG DAU
6.2.1- Giam sat moi trn g khon g kh va vi kh hau
- Cac ch tieu giam sat : Bui, SO2, NO2, CO, Hydrocacbon, hi ch,
nhiet o, o am, toc o gio, o on tai
khu vc cang.
- V tr giam sat : Tai cac cau cang cua kho A, kho B, kho C
6.2.2- Giam sat chat ln g nc mat
- Cac ch tieu giam sat : pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, dau khoang,
Pb, S2-.
- V tr giam sat :
. Mat cat 1 : Song Sai Gon, oan ngay khi va chay vao a
phan Tong kho
. Mat cat 2 : Song Sai Gon, oan va ra khoi khu vc kho A
. Mat cat 3 : Song Sai Gon, oan bat au vao khu vc kho B
. Mat cat 4 : Song Sai Gon, oan va ra khoi khu vc kho B
. Mat cat 5 : Song Sai Gon, oan gia khu vc kho C
. Mat cat 6 : Song Sai Gon, oan chay ra khoi a phan
tong kho, cach ranh gii Tong kho 100150m ve pha
ha nguon
6.2.3- Giam sat ng uo n chat thai ran
Kiem tra giam sat viec thu gom, lu cha cac loai chat thai
ran cong nghe va sinh hoat phat sinh tai khu vc cang.
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Cac so lieu tren se thng xuyen c cap nhat hoa,

anh gia va ghi nhan ket qua. Neu co phat sinh o nhiem, lanh
ao Tong kho xang dau Nha Be se co bien phap x ly thch
hp.
* Kinh ph giam sat moi trng hang nam : 70.000.000 ong
Chng VII
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH

KET LUAN :
Ket luan cua bao cao anh gia tac ong moi trng cho
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be - Cong ty xang dau khu vc II gom
cac iem sau :
1- Tong kho xang dau Nha Be la au moi trung tam e
tiep nhan, d tr va cung cap cac loai xang, dau va mot so
nhien lieu nh gas (LPG), nha ng, hoa chat...cho toan bo nen
kinh te quoc dan, nhu cau quoc phong va an ninh quoc gia cua
cac tnh pha Nam. S ton tai va hoat ong hieu qua cua Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be ong mot vai tro quan trong va het sc
can thiet.
2- Trong nhng nam qua, Tong kho xang dau Nha Be a at
c doanh thu ngay cang cao, gop phan lam tang ngan sach
nha nc thong qua cac khoan thue (thue doanh thu, thue li
tc...).
3- Cac nguon gay o nhiem t hoat ong cua Tong kho
xang dau Nha Be hoan toan co the khac phuc c bang cac
thiet ke tren c s khoa hoc va la chon cong nghe thch hp,
lap at he thong x ly va van hanh ung ky thuat. Cac ch
tieu moi trng au ra cua cac nguon thai do hoat ong cua
Tong kho xang dau Nha Be eu at tieu chuan quy nh hien
hanh, gop phan bao ve moi trng khu vc va on nh kinh
doanh.
4- Ket hp vi cac khau x ly o nhiem, Tong kho xang
dau Nha Be a ap dung cac bien phap quan ly chat che ve
ve sinh moi trng, han che toi a cac chat thai, xay dng cac
bien phap an toan lao ong, ket hp vi cac c quan chuyen
mon va cac c quan quan ly moi trng tai a phng thc hien
chng trnh giam sat cac he thong khong che o nhiem moi
trng.
KIEN NGH
Cong ty xang dau khu vc II kien ngh cac c quan co tham
quyen cua Nha Nc Viet Nam xem xet va chap thuan cho Tong
kho xang dau Nha Be cua Cong ty c tiep tuc hoat ong.
TP. Ho Ch Minh, thang
nam 1999
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
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71
cao
n v thc hien bao

TUQ. Giam oc
Ths. Tran ng Long
Nghe Moi Trng (ECO)
8425763

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BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

1. Luat bao ve moi trng do Quoc hoi Nc Cong Hoa Xa

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

- Phng phap so sanh dung e anh gia cac tac ong

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

S LC VE QUA TRNH HOAT ONG CUA

: Xa Phu Xuan, huyen Nha Be, TP.

2.1.2- n v chu qua n : Tong cong ty xang dau Viet Nam

: 8256419 - 8292082 - 8292083

2.1.4- Tong dien tch mat ban g : 2,64 km2

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

Tong so can bo cong nhan vien : 435 ngi (N : 113, Nam:

- Phong to chc hanh chanh : 23 ngi

- Phong quan ly ky thuat

- Phong ke hoach ieu o

- Phong ky thuat hang hoa

- Phong tin hoc - t ong hoa : 06 ngi

- Xng c kh cong trnh

2.2.2. 3- Che o lam viec :

- Ket qua kham sc khoe nam 1997 nh sau :

. Sc khoe loai III

. Tnh hnh benh tat : a so cong nhan co bieu hien d

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

giam, ch con 4 cong nhan nhiem ch hu c vao

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

Loai nhie n lieu

Dau hoa (m3)

Gas (LPG) (tan)

Hoa chat (tan)

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

Nguon : Phong Cong nghe au t - Cong ty Xang dau Khu

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

2.2.6- Cong nghe xuat nha p oi vi tng loai nguy e n ,

Ghi chu : Nhap tnh qua lu lng ke cua tau

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

* S o cong nghe xuat xang, dau tai kho

2.2.6. 2 - Gas hoa lon g (LPG)

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

* Quy trnh cong nghe nap LPG long vao bnh

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

NAP KH VAO BNH

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

HIEN TRANG MOI TRNG TAI KHU VC

Nhiet o thang cao nhat (vao thang 4 hang nam) : 350C

Nhiet o thang thap nhat (vao thang 12 hang nam)

BAO CAO TM TONG KHO XANG DAU NHA BE

CONG TY XANG DAU KHU VC II

So ngay ma trung bnh nam