Bao Cao Thuc Tap Cac PPGCDB

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VIN
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Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti
Sinh vin thc hin : Nguyn nh Mo
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TT NGHIP
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im nh gi:
Hng Yn, ngy ... thng ... nm 2012.

Ging vin hng dn:
Trng Tt Ti

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Li ni u
Phng php gia cng c bit ra i nhm thay th gii quyt cho cc phng
php gia cng c in nh : Tin, Phay, Bo, Khoan, Khot, Doa, Mi, Xc, Chut,
. . . V gia cng c in gia cng khng c hoc gia cng khng t hiu qu kinh
t - k thut i vi vt liu mi, do vt liu mi c c im: cng v bn cao,
Kh nng chu v chng mi mn cao, chu ng tt trong mi trng hoa cht,. . .
Phng php gia cng c bit c kh nng gia cng tt c vt liu mi vi bt
k c tnh no, gia cng hu hu ht cc chi tit phc tp, tit kim c nguyn vt
liu, t chnh xc cao v hon ton c kh hoa, t ng hoa.
Ngy nay, cc phng php gia cng c bit c p dng rt rng ri vo
ngnh c kh ni chung v ngnh cng ngh ch ta khun mu ni ring. Nh s
quan tm ca b mn T ng ha Thit k Cng ngh C kh trng i hc S
Phm K Thut hng Yn to iu kin cho chng em i thc tp hai tun v
phng php gia cng ct dy v gia cng tia la in ti cng ty TNHH khun mu
v trang b cng ngh Vn Phc nn chng em th c nhiu kin thc b ch.
Qua y, em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy trong b mn c bit l thy
Trng Tt Ti v anh Dng - Gim c cng ty TNHH C KH C NG NGH
CAO H NG THNH cng ton th cn b cng nhn vin trong cng ty tn tnh
gip em hon thnh t thc tp ny.
Trong qu trnh i thc tp v lm bo co em khng trnh khi nhng sai xt,
v vy em rt mong s gip ca thy bi bo co ca em c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

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CC PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT
MC LC
Li ni u
PHN I: GII THIU CC PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT
TRONG NGNH CH TO C KH........................................................................4
1.1. Gia cng siu m...................................................................................................4
1.2. Gia cng tia nc c ht mi.................................................................................7
1.3. Phng php gia cng dng ht mi...................................................................10
1.4. Phng php gia cng ha..................................................................................11
1.5. Phng php gia cng in ha..........................................................................15
1.6. Cc phng php gia cng nhit.........................................................................20
1.7. Phng php gia cng ct h quang....................................................................24
PHN 2: PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT THNG GP TRONG

CNG TY KHUN MU.........................................................................................26
2.1. Gia cng bng my ct dy.................................................................................26
2.1.1. Khi nim........................................................................................................26
2.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic..........................................................................................26
2.1.3. My ct dy Gold San 3240T6H40..................................................................28
2. .4. Quy trnh gia cng...........................................................................................31

2.2. Gia cng trn my xung......................................................................................33
2.2.1. Khi nim........................................................................................................33
2.2.2. Nguyn l lm vic..........................................................................................34
2.2.3. Cu to my xung............................................................................................35

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PHN I: GII THIU CC PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT

TRONG NGNH CH TO c KH
1.1. Gia cng siu m
1.1.1. Khi nim.
* Gia cng bng siu m l truyn dao ng vo vng ct di tn s siu m. Dao
ng ny va p vo ht mi, ht mi va p vo vng ct to nn b mt cn gia

cng.
* Siu m l sng n hi c tn s t 20 kHz
--
GHz, nhng dng gia cng ch
vi tn s t 15-K30 kHz. My siu m dng gia cng cc chi tit ch to t vt

liu cng v n nh thy tinh, gm s, , germani, hp kim cng, kim cng .v.v.
1.1.2. Nguyn l lm vic.
* Gia cng bng siu m cc vt th rn ch yu l ng dng tn sc ca siu m.
* Gia cng bng siu m cc vt th rn thc cht l ng dng s c st c hc ca
mi trng hai pha to nn tc dng gia cng.

- Gi thit trong mt mi trng cht lng tn ti cht rn c si xp. Di tc dng
ca sng siu m c tn s trung bnh, cc phn t ca cht lng chuyn ng theo
ng chuyn ng ca m trng, cn phn t cht si th ng yn. Sau do tc
dng c st ca cht lng, c nhng phn t nh ri rng t cc si vt th rn. Ngi
ta c th tng cng tc dng bng cch rc thm vo bt thch anh mn nh l mt
pha th ba. Cc bt thch anh cng, sc cnh, l lng s chuyn ng theo m trng,
v cht lng vi mc chuyn ng nhiu hay t tng ng vi kch thc ca
chng. Trong qu trnh chuyn ng, chng gt gia vt th rn.

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Hnh 1.1. Nguyn l gia cng siu m

- Nguyn l gia cng mt cch tng qut:
. Dao ng c tn s t 18-30 kHz c my pht siu m (6) truyn n b bin t
(5). Ti y dao ng bin thnh daong c hc, c cng tn s, cn bin dao
ng trong khong 5-^10 m, c th nhn c bin dao ng cn thit cho vic
gia cng 3(H80 m cn phi c thanh truyn (4) t sau b bin t (5).
. Dng c (3) c hnh dng theo yu cu gia cng c lp vo u ca thanh
truyn (4). Dung dch ht mi (7) c a vo vng gia cng pha u dng c.
Tng hp chuyn ng (2) c g t trn bn my (1) bn my c th chuyn ng
theo hai phng thng ng do u my thc hin.
. Khi chi tit gia cng c nh th c th gia cng c l thng hoc l khng
thng, l nh hnh hoc cong, ct rnh, ct t. . . nu cung cp cho phi hoc

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dung dch thm mt chuyn ng ph th c th thc hin c cc nguyn cng phay,

mi, tin, ct t, ct ring.
* gia cng bng siu m, cn phi c my pht siu m. Siu m c dn vo
u bin t to nn cc dao ng c hc c bin cn thit. Thit b ny lm vic

trn c s s thay i chiu di ca mt s kim loi (hin tng "co ngn nhim t")
nh st, nikel, cobal v cc hp kim ca chng, di tc ng ca in trng hoc t
trng. Hin tng ny c gi l t gio v u bin t l thnh phn chnh yu
trong my gia cng bng siu m.
* Nguyn l lm vic ca u bin t c trnh by nh hnh 1.2.
Hnh 1.2. S u bin t

- Dng in c tn s cao ca my pht siu m c a vo cun dy kch thch
2 to nn t trng thay i c cng tn s tc ng vo li ca b rung ng. Li
c ch to t cc tm kim loi c tnh t gio. s dng c tnh t gio tt hn,
ta to thm mt t trng khng i bng hai cun dy t ha 4 lp trn li t 3. Dao
ng dc xut hin do t gio trong b rung ng c bin t 5-^10 m c truyn
qua thanh truyn 6. Thanh ny c lp gia
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hai vng kp 5, lm nhim v khuch i bin dao ng ln gi tr cn thit l

3(H80 m v truyn n dng c ct 7 lp cui thanh truyn.
- Dung dch ht mi c a vo gia mt dng c ct 7 v chi tit gia cng 8. N
chuyn ng vi tn s cao, to nn va p ly i lng kim loi trn b mt chi tit.
Ht mi thng dng l carbid bo, carbid silic, Corun, kim cng c c loi t
28(H400. Cht lng mang ht mi c dng huyn ph c th l nc, du la, du
cng nghip. Dung dch mi c a vo vng gia cng di dng ti. Trong
trng hp gia cng l su hn 5mm, phi dng dung dch c p sut a qua l c
hnh thnh bn trong dng c hoc chi tit gia cng. Vt liu dng c thng dng l
thp 45, 40Cr, Y8A, Y10A .v.v. Khi gia cng hp kim cng, nng sut c th t 200
mm3lf; nhm 0,16<Ra<0,32 lim, chnh xc gia cng 0,02^-0,04 im.
I.2. Gia cng tia nc c ht mi.
1.2.1. Khi nim.
* Gia cng tia nc : L phng php gia cng mi, dng tia nc cng nghip tc
ng vo vng chi tit cn gia cng, qu trnh c tin hnh lin tc v dn dn to

thnh chi tit gia cng.
* Gia cng tia nc c ht mi : C cu to gn nh tng t cu trc gia cng bng
tia nc. Phng php ny dng tia nc c thm vo cc phn t ht mi cho

qu trnh gia cng mnh hn, c hiu qu hn, nhm to kh nng ct cc vt liu
cng hn nh : thp, thy tinh, btng hay vt liu composite . . . Dng tia nc gia
cng ny s khng gy ra nhng hu qu do p sut hoc nhit ln cc vt m chng ta
ang gia cng.
1.2.2.
Nguyn l lm vic.
* Hin tng ct bng tia nc thc hin bng cch a mt th tch ln nc qua mt
ng ng nh. Th tch nc khng i i qua mt ng tit din gim

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dn s lm cc phn t tng tc mt cch nhanh chng. Dng c tng tc ny ra

khi ng tc ng mt lc ct ln vo vt liu gia cng. p sut cc i (2.108 Pa 4.108 Pa) ca cc phn t nc c gia tc tip xc vi mt vng din tch b (vt
ct hoc rnh c rng xp x lmm, ng knh l nh nht c th ct c l 1,5
im) ca chi tit gia cng. Trong vng ny s pht trin nhng vt nt nh do tc ng
ca tia nc. Tia nc cun tri vt liu b bc ra khi chi tit gia cng. vt nt do tc
ng ca tia nc gi y b t di dng nc. p sut cc i v tc ng ca cc
phn t trong dng tia lm cho vt nt pht trin cho ti khi vt liu b ct hon ton.
- u tin nc t thng cp nc i qua b lc v ha trn. Sau nh ng dn cht
lng i qua b khuch i tng p n u phun. Ti u phun tia nc c phun
ra mnh hay yu l nh van tit lu. Van ny c iu khin bi mt b iu khin.
Tia nc sau khi ra khi u phun c p sut rt ln, nh p sut ny m to nn p
lc ct chi tit gia cng.
- Khi gia cng tia nc c ht mi th ht mi c trn vi nc trong ng trn trc
khi c phun tra ngoi. Vn tc ca dng nc rt cao s to ra vng chn khng v
ht ht mi t ngoi vo m khng cn bt c mt my no khc a dng ht mi
vo. Tia dung dch ny thng thng c y bng kh nn nhm mc ch tng tc
ca dng chy. B mt c gia cng bng tia ht mi khng c vt xt nh b
mt gia cng bng cc phng php khc (cc phng php gia cng cn c to phoi).
Mi thnh phn ca dng tia l nc v ht mi u c mc ch ring bit v h tr :
Mc ch chnh ca vt liu ht mi trong dng tia l cung cp lc mi mn; mc ch
ca dng tia nc l c tc dng a vt liu ht mi n chi tit gia cng mi mn,
tia nc cng gia tc vi ht mi, mang c dng ht mi v vt liu b mi mn khi
vng lm vic. B mt trc khi gia cng bng tia ht mi phi c ty sch bi,
phoi, du nhn, axit v cc tp cht khc.

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Hnh 1.3. S nguyn l gia cng bng tia nc.
Nc vo p sut cao
Hnh 1.4. Gia cng tia nc c ht mi.

- Khi khch hng a ra mt bn v, n s c s hoa v v li bng phn mm
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CAD/CAM. Sau bn v c chuyn i thnh ngn ng m my gia cng bng tia

nc c th c c qua mt chng trnh c gi l gia cng nh my tnh CAM
(Computer Aided Manufacturing).
1.3. Phng php gia cng dng ht mi.
1.3.1. Khi nim.
Gia cng dng ht mi l phng php bc vt liu khi dng kh mang ht mi vi

vn tc cao tc ng ln chi tit.
* Khng c nhm ln phng php gia cng tia nc c ht mi l gia cng dng
ht mi mc d n cng c mt vi nt tng t gia cng tia nc c ht mi. Kh s

dng thng kh c p sut t l,4-K>MPa v i qua vi phun c ng knh t 0,075-1
im t vn tc 2,5-5 m/s. Kh bao gm nhiu loi nh khng kh, C02, nit, heli. . .
* Qu trnh thng c iu khin bi mt ngi, m ngi ny trc tip iu khin
vi phun ti ni lm vic. Khong cch c trng t ming vi phun v b mt gia

cng khong t 3,2 n 25,4 im.

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Gia cng ha l phng php gia cng khng truyn thng, trong vt liu
c tch ra khi tip xc trc tip vi cht khc ha mnh. Phng php gia cng
ny c ng dng ngay sau chin tranh th gii th hai, u tin l trong cng ngh
sn xut my bay. Nhiu ha cht khc nhau dng tch vt liu t chi tit gia cng
bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Ty theo yu cu m ngi ta p dng cc phng php
phay ha, khc ha, to phi ha v gia cng quang ha.
1.4.2. Cc phng php gia cng ha.
*
Cc phng php gia cng ha ch yu l : phay ha, to phi ha, khc ha,
gia cng quang ha.

> Phay ha (Chemical Milling):
1.4. Phng php gia cng ha. - Phay ha l phng php gia cng ha u tin
c 1.4.1. Khi nim. thng mi ha. Trong sut chin tranh th gii ln li, mt
cng ty sn xut my bay ca M bt u s dng phay ha bc kim loi to ra
cc chi tit trong my bay. Ngy nay, phay ha vn cn c s dng rng ri trong
cng nghip hng khng bc vt liu cnh v cc tm thn my bay nhm lm
gim bt trng lng. Phay ha c dng cho cc chi tit ln m trong qu trnh gia
cng cn bc i mt lng gia cng kh nhiu. Phng php ct v bc lp kim loi
bo v thng c s dng. Ngi ta thng dng mt tm dng mu ct v
phi ch n hin tng ct lm pht sinh trong qu trnh khc ha.

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(4) (5)
Hnh 1.6. Trnh t cc bc trong phng php phay ha (1)
Lm sch chi tit. (2) To lp bo v, (3) Ct v bc lp bo
v ti vng cn c khc,
(4) khc ha, (5) bc lp v bo v v lm
sch b mt sn phm. > To phi ha (Chemical Blanking):
* Phng php to phi ha p dng hin tng n mn ha hc tin hnh ct
nhng chi tit kim loi dng tm mng c dy nh n 0,025 im hay ct nhng mu
phc tp khc. Trong c hai trng hp v nhng trng hp c bit khc, phng
php dp v t truyn thng khng lm vic c v lc dp s lm h hng tm kim
loi hay chi ph dng c cao qu. To phi ha to ra cc chi tit khng c bavia, mt
u im hn hn cc nguyn cng truyn thng khc.
* Nhng phng php c s dng ph lp bo v trong to phi ha l
phng php khng quang hay khng khung li. Phng php khng quang c s
dng cho nhng mu nh, phc tp v dung sai khc nghit. Cn cho cc trng hp
khc th dng phng php khng khung li. V trong to phi ha, kch thc ca
cc chi tit thng l nh nn ngi ta khng s dng

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phng php ct v bc lp bo v. V phng php bc lp bo v ny cng c

thc hin bng chnh nhng phng php trn.
- Nhng ng dng ca phng php to phi ha thng c gii hn cho nhng vt
liu mng hay nhng chi tit phc tp v nhng l do nu trn. Chiu dy vt liu
ln nht khong 0,76 im. Tng t, nhng vt liu c toi cng v n c th c
gia cng bng to phi ha ni m cc phng php c chc chn lm gy v chi tit.
* Khi dng phng php khng quang th c th t sai s 0,0025 im trn vt liu
c chiu dy 0,025 im. Khi chiu dy vt liu tng ln th sai s cho php cng tng
ln. Phng php to lp ph bng khng khung li khng c chnh xc bng
phng php khng quang.
> Khc ha (Chemical Engraving):
* L 1 phng php gia cng ha dng to ra cc bng tn, cc tm phng c ch
hoc hnh nh minh ha trn 1 mt. Nhng tm ny c th gia cng trn my khc
truyn thng hay nhng phng php tng t.

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- Khc ha c th to nn nhng tm phng c ch chm hoc ni bng cch o

ngc cc phn cn khc ca tm ny. To lp bo v c thc hin bng cch khng
quang hoc khng khung li. Trnh t khc ha din ra tng t nhng phng php
gia cng khc, ngoi tr nguyn cng in y tip theo sau, mc ch in y l
to lp sn hay lp ph khc trn cc vng chm c hnh thnh khi khc. Sau
tm ny c nhn chm trong cc dung dch lm ha tan lp bo v, nhng khng tc
ng vo vt liu ph. V vy khi lp bo v mt i, lp ph cn li trong nhng vng
c khc lm ni bt mu gia cng.
> Gia cng quang ha (Photochemical Machining):
L phng php gia cng ha m trong phng php khng quang to lp ph
c s dng gia cng kim loi khi i hi ng sai s kht khe, hay mu phc tp
trn nhng chi tit phang. Gia cng quang ha cng c s dng rng ri trong cng
nghip in t. sn xut nhng mch phc tp trn nhng sn phm bn dn.
Chnh cng ngh ny to nn nhng mch tch hp qui m ln (VLSI) trong vi in
t. C nhiu cch phi sng hnh nh mong mun. Hnh v th hin m bn tip xc
vi b mt lp bo v trong qu trnh chiu sng, l phng php in tip xc. Cc
phng php in nh khc cng c th thc hin thng qua mt h thng thu knh
phng to hay thu nh kch thc ca mu in trn b mt ca lp bo v. Nhng vt
liu khng quang thng dng th nhy vi nh sng cc tm, nhng khng phn ng
vi nh sng c nhng bc sng khc. V vy, nu chiu sng trong x nghip t yu
cu th khng cn thit phi thc hin nhng bc gia cng trong mi trng nh
phng ti. Sau khi hon thnh gia cng to lp ph th cc bc cn li ging vi cc
phng php gia cng ha khc.

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1.5. Phng php gia cng in ha.

1.5.1. Khi nim.
- y l phng php gia cng c trng gia cng nhng b mt c hnh dng
nht nh bng phng php n mn in ha. Dng trong khoan l in ha hay cn
gi l gia cng in ha, mi in ha, lm sch bavia bng in ha (hay nh bng
in ha). Bn cht ca phng php gia cng ny l khng c s tc ng c kh ca
dng c ti b mt gia cng.
1.5.2. Nguyn l gia cng.
- Phng php gia cng in hoa da trn c s nh lut in phn ca Faraday.

Trong qu trnh gia cng, chi tit c ni vi cc dng cn dng c c ni vi
cc m ca ngun. Hai in cc iu c t vo trong b ng dung dch in phn.
Khi ng mch in v cc iu kin in phn hp l, dng in i qua b c tc
dng lm hoa tan kim loi anod vi lng c xc nh theo nh lut Faraday.
Lng cht kt ta hoc hoa tan do in phn t l vi lng in chy qua.
* Lng cc hot cht kt ta hoc hoa tan bng lng in tng ng, t l vi
thnh phn hoa tr ca chng (vi hp kim c nhiu thnh phn nguyn t khc nhau).
* Nu ng thi vi s ha tan anod, m ly i lp b mt c kt cu khng cn cht
ch, th l qu trnh mi in ha. phng php nh bng in ha th chng ta

ch tn dng tc dng in ha. Chng ta khng mun lm thay i hnh dng b mt,
m chng ta ch gia cng lm mt i nhng gh gh li ti trn b mt m thi.
phng php gia cng in ha, tnh cht vt l ca nguyn liu lm anod (vt gia
cng) khng nh hng n nng xut ly phi, v vy phng php ny thng dng
gia cng nhng vt liu kh ct gt.

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Hnh 1.8. S nguyn l gia cng in ha. 1.5.3.

Cc phng php gia cng in ha. > Mi in ha.
- Mi in hoa l dng c bit ca phng php gia cng in hoa trong mi
quay (catod) l mt a mi hnh vnh khn dn in c gn cc ht kim cng, hoc
carbid silic hoc c ranh ng, c dng tng cng s hoa tan ca b mt kim
loi gia cng (anod). Vt liu dng cho mi in hoa l oxt nhm v kim cng. Vt
liu kt dnh hoc l kim loi (cho ht mi kim cng) hoc l nha trn vi cc ht
kim loi to thnh cht dn in (cho oxt nhm). Cc ht mi nh ra t mi tip
xc vi chi tit gia cng hnh thnh nn khe h trong mi in hoa. Tc dng c xt
ca nhng ht mi ca a mi ngn cn qu trnh t kim ch ca anod. Dng dung
dch in phn i qua khe h gia cc ht mi thc hin chc nng ca n.

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- Nhng ht mi c hai nhim v song hnh. Mt mt chng l nhng ht cch in,

v quyt nh kch thc ca khe h (0,02-0,08 im), bo m s lu thng ca dung
dch in phn v loi tr kh nng b ngn mch, mc khc chng y ra khi dung
dch in phn lng vt liu b bc i v lp cn bm trn vt gia cng. iu rt
quan trng l s ly phoi l kt qu ca qu trnh in hoa, v tc dng mi bng y
cha phi l quyt nh.
Hnh 1.9. Nguyn l gia cng mi in ha.
> nh bng in ha.
- L phng php b sung cho gia cng in ha. Mc ch ca nh bng in ha
khng phi l ly phoi m l nh bng b mt. Tt nhin c ly i mt cht t nguyn
liu. Khc vi cc phng php gia cng in ha khc, y khong cch in cc
ln hn, hnh dng ca vt liu gia cng s khng hnh thnh ging nh ca in cc
lm dng c gia cng, in cc khng chuyn ng

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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trong qu trnh gia cng, mt di chuyn ca dng in thp hn v tc di chuyn

ca cht in phn thp hn nhiu, tc bc vt liu cng gim.
- Trong phng php nh bng in hoa vt gia cng (anod) v in cc dng
(catod) c nhng vo dung dch mt cch c lp nhau. Khi c dng in i qua th
s hoa tan anod bt u, dng in tp trung nhng im nh ln, cn ch lm l
mn mui mng t dung dch in phn tch ra. B mt g gh dn dn mt i v tr
nn nhn bng v ng nh (gi l ng nh anod).
Hnh 1.10. Qu trnh tr nn bng nhn trong phng php nh bng bng in
phn.
a, b, c, d : cc pha tun t trong qu trnh tr nn nhn bng
- Nguyn l nh bng in ha : Chi tit gia cng 2 c t trong b cha cht in
phn 1. Khi ni ngun in 5 vi dng c 3 v chi tit gia cng 2, nh v y nhp
nh 4, 6 dn dn c san phang. Ta thy cc ng lc do in cc to ra u tp
trung hng vo cc nh nhp nh 4, do cc nh ny c san phang nhanh hn
cc y 6. bng b mt gia cng c th t cp 12-13.
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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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> Gia cng l in ha.

* Gia cng l in hoa hay cn gi l khoan in ha l ng dng cua phng php
gia cng in hoa trong vic khoan cc l rt nh bng cch s dng cc dng in c
p k cao v dung dch in phn axt. Dng c nh l mt u thy tinh c in cc
bn trong. Ngi ta c th s dng mt ng thy tinh c nhiu nhnh gia cng cng
mt lc 50 l. Cng ngh ny c pht trin khoan cc l lm mt trong cc tua
bin ca ng c phn lc. Cc l khng chu p sut ny c ng knh t 0,1-K),76
im (0,004^-0,030 inch) vi t l gia chiu su v ng knh l l 50: , thng thng
c lm t hp kim nickel v cobal. Axt c dng kim loi hoa tan vo dung
dch thay v kt ta.
- Phng php gia cng ny c th c s dng khoan cc l nh hnh lm
bng kim loi kh gia cng, dn in. Vi cc l chiu su n 610 im v ng knh
t 0,5-^1,27 im th c th gia cng bng phng php ny. Phng php ny c c
im l dng in p chiu thp t 5-^10 volt v cc in cc c bit l nhng ng
di, thng, khng axt c bc bn ngoi bng lp men cch in. Dng axt c
tng p i qua ng v tr v khe h (0,025-^0,05 im) nm gia thnh ng v thn ca
l.
* Chi tit gia cng l anod (cc dng) cn dng c l ng ng 2 (cc m) c
bc cch ly vi bn ngoi v c n xung chi tit gia cng l xo 3. Di mt p lc

no , cht in phn chy qua ng ng, to ra khe h nh gia phi v dng c, do
n y nhng ht kim loi nh (hay dung dch) ca phi (cc dng) ra ngoi. Nh
vy, l trn phi (chi tit gia cng) c hnh thnh. Hnh dng ca l ph thuc vo
hnh dng ca in cc dng c. Khi khe h gia cc in cc nh v dng in phn
mnh, mt dng in c th t 200-K300 a /cm2, cn tc bc tch kim loi
theo chiu di ti 6mm/pht. bng b mt gia cng t cp 8-9, cn chnh xc
gia cng khong 0,02 im.
> Lm sch bavia bng in ha.
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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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- Lm sch bavia in hoa l mt phng php gia cng in hoa trong vic tch kim
loi trong cc mp hay gc ca chi tit bng cch hoa tan anod. Phng php in ha
rt thch hp cho vic nh bavia cc chi tit c hnh dng phc tp.
1.6. Cc phng php gia cng nhit. 1.6.1.
Phng php gia cng chm in t.
* Khi nim.
T lu ngi ta s dng nng lng ca in t chuyn ng vi tc cao vo

n Rngen, n in t v knh hin vi in t .v.v. Trong cc thit b trn phn ln
nng lng ca in t b tn tht di dng nhit nng. Mc ch ca cng ngh gia
cng bng tia in t chnh l bin i in nng ca in t thnh nhit nng vi t l
cao hn v nh vy bng cch lm nng cc b m ta c th tin hnh nhiu phng
php gia cng bng nhit khc nhau. Ni chung gia cng bng chm tia in t (EBM)
l phng php gia cng dng nng lng chm tia in t hi t ti b mt gia cng
lm nng chy v bc hi vt liu.
* Nguyn l gia cng.
- Nguyn l hot ng chung ca chm tia in t c trnh by trn hnh 1.11.

Chm tia in t c pht ra t Cathod ca u pht tia. Cc in t chuyn ng
vi tc rt cao v hi t li nh thu knh in t 4 thnh vt rt nh ln b mt gia
cng 5. Cc in t va p vo b mt gia cng v chuyn ng nng thnh nhit nng
nung nng, lm chy hoc bc hi bt k vt liu no.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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Hnh 1.11. Nguyn l to chm tia in t. 1. Catod b nng 2.

Mi hi t 3. Anod 4. Thu knh in t hi t 1.6.2. Phng
php gia cng chm tia Laser > Khi nim.
- Laser c s dng nh l mt dng c pht ra tia nng lng tp trung rt mnh m
trong tng lai gn trong mt s lnh vc no , n l mt cuc cch mng k thut
trong gia cng kim loi. Hin ti th c th s dng thnh cng trong vic gia cng
siu tinh, trong cng ngh hn nhng im rt nh v trong luyn kim. Gia cng chm
tia laser l qu trnh x l nhit trong tia laser c dng lm nng chy v bc hi
vt liu.
- My tia laze l my ct bng tia sng hot ng theo ch xung. Nng lng xung
ca n khng ln, nhng n c hi t trong mt chm tia c ng knh khong
0,01 im v pht ra trong khong thi gian mt phn triu

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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giy tc ng vo b mt chi tit gia cng, nung nng, lm chy v bc hi vt liu.

Tia sng y c gi l tia laze, vit tt theo ting Anh l LASER (light Amplication
Simulated Emission of Radiation) v thng dch ngha ra ting Vit l my pht
lng t nh sng.
Nguyn l gia cng.
7) Thu knh hi t
8) Chi tit gia cng
9) Bn g
10) T bo quang in
2) Bung phn x nh sng
3) n pht xung
4) Thanh hng ngc
5) Gng phn x ton phn
6) Gng phn x 50%
- Ngun in cng nghip qua bin th v nn dng c np vo h thng t. in

p ti a ca t l 2 kv iu khin s phng in ti n pht xung 3 t trong b
phn phn x nh sng 2. B phn ny c dng hnh tr vi tit din mt tr ct ngang
l elp. Khi n 3 pht sng, ton b nng lng s tp trung ti v tr c t thanh
hng ngc 4. Nhng lon Cr+3 ca thanh hng ngc b kch ln mc nng lng cao, khi
tt xung chng s pht ra nhng lng t.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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Nh h dao ng ca cc gng phng 5 v 6, nhng lng t ny s i li nhiu ln

qua thanh hng ngc v kch cc lon Cr+3 khc ri cng phng ra chm tia lng t.
Gng 5 c phn x nh sng gn 99%, cn gng 6 gn 50%. Nh , mt mt ta
vn nhn c chm tia lade pha di, mt khc khong 1% chm tia pht ra qua
gng 5 s c t bo quang in lo thu li v qua h thng chuyn i ta bit c
nng lng ca chm tia pht ra khi my. Chm tia nhn c qua gng 6 s
c tp trung bi h quang hc 7 v tc dng ln chi tit gia cng 8 (t trn bn my
9) c kh nng di chuyn ta theo ba phng X, Y, z.
- Khi tp trung tia laser vo v tr gia cng cn chn h thng quang hc v ch gia
cng nh nng lng chm tia ti, thi gian xung tc dng ca chm tia, tiu c ca
h thng quang hc v s xung laser.
- Qu trnh tc dng ca chm tia laser vo v tr gia cng c chia ra cc giai on
sau:
+ Vt liu gia cng ht nng lng ca chm tia laser v chuyn nng lng ny
thnh nhit nng.
+ t nng vt liu gia cng ti nhit c th ph hng vt liu . Giai on ny
ng vi qu trnh truyn nhit trong vt rn tuyt i b gii hn v mt pha theo
phng tc dng ca chm tia k t b mt tc dng..
+ Ph hng vt liu gia cng v y chng ra khi vng gia cng. Giai on ny
ng vi qu trnh truyn nhit m b mt tc dng lun lun thay i theo phng tc
dng ca chm tia laser.
+ Vt liu gia cng ngui dn sau khi chm tia laser tc dng xong. .7.
Phng php gia cng ct h quang. 1.7.1. Khi nim.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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* V phng din vt l, Plasma l cht kh phn hy v lon ha mnh, tc l hn
hp ca phn t, nguyn t, lon v in t theo mt t l nht nh.
* Mt vt cht c trng thi Plasma nu ng nng trung bnh (W) ca cc phn t
ht ln hn th nng lon ha (U) (bt u) c s phn hy nguyn t, in t tch ra t

ht ca nguyn t, lon c cu thnh, nhng nh hn 106 eV. Plasma l mt trng
thi vt cht th t, l hn hp c n thnh phn (lon, in t v phn t trung tnh).
* Gia cng bng tia Plasma l cng ngh dng tia Plasma sinh ra t h quang chy
gia catod v anod (vt gia cng u phun) hoc bng tia h quang Plasma.
1.7.2. Nguyn l gia cng.
* L phng php gia cng dng dng plasma c nhit t 10.000 - 14.0000 c ct
kim loi bng cch lm cho n nng chy cc b ti v tr v vng p lc ca dng kh

y phn kim loi nng chy ra khi v tr . Qu trnh cc plasma c chia lm 2
phn :
+ u tin dng kh nng lm nng chy v xuyn thng vt liu.
+ Sau dng plasma c dch chuyn theo ng dn c vch sn ct
vt liu.
* Dng plasma l mt hn hp kh ca cc electron t do, cc lon dng, nguyn t
v phn t. Cc loi kh thng dng to plasma l nitrogen, Argon, Hidrogen hay

hn hp cc kh ny. Dng plasma c pht sinh gia in cc (Catod) bn trong vi
phun (thng l tungsten) v chi tit gia cng (Anod).
* Dng plasma i qua dng nc lm ngui u vi phun v n c thu hp li
thnh tia tc ng trc tip vo v tr yu cu. Tia plasma n chi tit gia cng c
vn tc cao v nhit cc nng ti tm ca n, nhit ny ct t ming kim
loi dy 155,4mm.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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PHN 2: PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT THNG GP TRONG

CNG TY KHUN MU.
2. I. Gia cng bng my ct dy.
2.1.1. Khi nim.
L phng php gia cng tia la in nhng khc ch in cc c lm

bng mt dy mnh, c cun lin tc chy theo ng gia cng nh trc.
T khi k thut NC/CNC c s dng rng ri, my tia la in c in cc
ct khng phi dng nh hnh, m l dy kim loi c p dng pht trin nhanh
chng. y l my EDM bng dy, nn gi l my ct dy tia la in.
- Tng t nh gia cng tia la in. Nhng c thm mt cng on : Dy in cc

c hng rt thng, l mt yu cu v cng thit yu, v vy tng on n c
nung nng bng dng in v c ko cng ra, trong qu trnh n c lm ngui
v mt i trng thi b cong. Dy c lung dn qua khe l dn hng n vt gia
cng, trnh dy b un cong.
- Trong trng hp ny in cc l mt dy ng, vnphram hoc molipden (hnh
2.1). Phi c g trn bn my c kh nng dch chuyn i li theo hai hng
vung gc vi nhau. Dy in cc 3 (hay in cc dy) c chuyn t cun dy 4
sang cun dy 5 nh mt ng c chuyn dng. Cc con ln dn hng 2 v 7 c
dng gi dy in cc tng i so vi phi 1. Qu trnh ct rnh prophin c
thc hin theo dng 6 hoc theo chng trnh phn mm ca my. Dng 6 c th
kp cht hoc dn (bng keo) trn phi 1.

Trang 26
Hnh 2.1. S nguyn l gia cng ct dy tia la in.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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2.1.3. My ct dy Gold San 3240T6H40.

- My gia cng ct dy (Wire-cut EDM Machine) l my gia cng in n mn s
dng cc chuyn ng iu khin theo chng trnh s gia cng cc ng bao
theo mong mun, hoc to hnh b mt m khng cn dng cc in cc c dng
c bit. My ct dy tia la in s dng mt dy chuyn ng lin tc nh mt in
cc. in cc (dy ct) c th ch to t ng thau, ng hay bt k mt vt liu
dn in no khc, ng knh t 0,05 n 0,3 im. ng i ca dy ct c iu
khin theo mt ng bao nm trong h trc toa XY, ct thnh mt khe h nh
xuyn qua chi tit gia cng. Chuyn ng c iu khin ny to thnh mt ng
lin tc vi chnh xc khong 0,001 im v chuyn ng ny phi c ci sn trong
my.
- My ct dy Gold San 3240T6H40 l my dy in cc iu khin s dng gia
cng cc loi khun, mu, dng, dao . . . in cc ct l dy qun lin tc c ng
knh t 0,015^-0.25 im. Gia cng c thc hin trong dung dch Eemuxi.

Trang 28
* c tnh k thut ca my.
+ Kch thc bn my: 660x450mm

+ Hnh trnh bn my(XxY): 320x400mm
+ Chiu dy ln nht ca phi gia cng: 400mm (C th iu chnh)
+ Gc cn ti a: 6
+ ng knh dy ct: 0,15-0,25mm
+ Tc ct ti a: 170mm2/pht
+ nhm b mt sau khi ct: <1.2|iRa
+ chnh xc gia cng: 0.015mm
+ Cng sut tiu th: 2.0 Kw
+ Cng dng ct cc i: 5A
+ Kch thc v trng lng my: 1700xl200xl690mm/1550kg + Kch thc
v trng lng t iu khin: 850x750x1900 mm/180 kg + Khi lng ti a
ca phi: 150Kg + in p ngun: 3 pha, 380V, 50Hz
* Tng quan v my.
+ H iu khin u vit nht ny c nhiu khch hng chp nhn v s dng

bi n n nh, tincy, thn thin v rt d dng.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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+ H thng iu khin vthit k ny c trang b nhng cng c tt nht cho

thit k v kimsot hot ng ca my vi mn hnh LCD 17, my tnh thng dng v
tincy, sn c trn th trng.
+ Nhp v xut d liu thng qua mn hnh, bn phm, chut, USB, a mn,
card mng: c th truyn d liu t phng k thut n my vs c th ly d liu
phngthit k t phng my ct dy.
+ Tip nhn c cc file rmat *.dxf ca AutoCad.
+ Tang dy c iu khin tc v cp bng bin tn.
+ Bo ton d liu khi mt in, ct tip chng trnh khi c in.
+ Lp trnh ct chi titvi nhiu hnh dng c bit.
+ T ng li dy khi ngn mch, dng khi kt thc, gia cng phng to thu nh
theo t l.
+ Phn mm iu khin cho php ct li nhiu ln, b mt ct c ci thin rt
nhiu so vi cc h thng iu khin thng thng, cng sut ct mnh ci thin vt
bc nng sut ct.
* u - nhc im v phm vi ng dng.
- My dy in cc hin i u c iu khin bng h thng NC/CNC. N c s

dng rng ri trong ngnh ch to dng c, in t, c kh chnh xc... gia cng cc
l v rnh hp, h v thng sut, gia cng cc bin dng phc tp thng v cong, cc
rnh c chnh xc cao, gia cng cc cam a hp kim cng, gia cng cc dng
chp hnh, cc khung mu v cc loi bnh rng thng n khp trong v ngoi, v.v
- u im chnh ca phng php l chnh xc gia cng cao, kt cu ca my n
gin v c kh nng t ng hoa nguyn cng.
2.1.4. Quy trnh gia cng.
* Quy trnh gia cng trn my ct dy Gold San 3240T6H40 bao gm cc bc
sau:

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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BO CO THC TP
+ V bin dng ca chi tit trn phn mm Autocad. +

Lu file di nh dng dxf.
+ Kt ni d kiu vi my v chuyn nh dng file dxf sang DT
+ Offset bin dng.
+ Lu file di nh dng 3B.
+ G phi, x dy, cng dy, xc nh gc gia cng.
+ Gia cng.
Quy trnh
Cch thc hin

Hnh nh minh ha
Trang 31
TRNG I HC SPKTHY
B mn: TH-TK CN C KH
BAO CAO THC TP Cc phng php gia cng c bit
Chn Trans\DXF DT
i file dxf sang
DT
Nhn phm F4 chn USB

Chn File cn i nh dng
sau chn OK
m
161 -> [bi
ni -> [gi
DXF - >
Trang 31
TRNG I HC SPKTHY
B mn: TH-TK CN C KH
Chn Pro\Open\Nhn phm F4, chn a v

chn file cn gia cng.
Chn NC Route\Chn v tr bt u gia cng.
Chn im bt u gia cng
v Offset bin dng
Ty vo v tr bt u gia cng, hng gia cng

v mun ly lng hay li m ta chn hng
offset gia cng. Khong offset l 0. mm
Lu file di nh dng 3B
Trang 31
TRNG I HC SPKTHY
B mn: TH-TK CN C KH
Chn Save as\nhn F4 chn \t tn file\OK
Trang 31
TRNG I HC SPKTHY
B mn: TH-TK CN C KH
- ChnNCRote\Save
3B
Gia cng
- Chn Word #l\Cut\Chn

file vn gia cng\OK
-Nhn chn F10,F11,F12
- Nhn phm F1 bt u
qu trnh gia cng.
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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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2.2. Gia cng trn my xung
2.2.1. Khi nim.

Phng php gia xung in l phng php phng cc tia la in ln b mt
vt liu gia cng, lm cho lp vt liu cn ht i b nng chy hoc bc hi bi mt
qu trnh in nhit.
Hnh 2.3. Cc phng php gia cng bng xung in.

a) rt dao b gy ra khi chi tit gia cng; b) tng bn ca dao; c) gia cng mt sng; d) khc ch
trn vt liu kim loi; e) khc ch trn vt liu phi kim; g) mi dng cu hp kim cng; h) ph lp kim
loi; i) ch to bt kim loi. 1- chi tit gia cng (trn hnh 11.3a c thm dao b gy cn c ly ra); 2dung dch (mi trng gia cng); 3- in cc dng c (trn hnh 11.31 dng c c p vn thnh
bt); 4- my pht xung; 5- my rung; 6- lp du; 7- lp kim loi; 8- lp kim loi c ph.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
B MN : THTK CN C KH
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* Nguyn l gia cng tia la in (EDM) hay n mn in l s n mn kim loi bng
tia la in. Trong gia cng bng tia la in, dng c v chi tit l hai in cc, trong
dung c l Cathod v chi tit l Anod. Hai in cc ny c t trong dung dch
cch in lun c cc lon di chuyn t do. Di nh hng ca dng in mt chiu
c tn s 5(H500 kHz, in p 50-K300 V v cng dng in 0,1-^500 A gia hai
in cc c in trng. Khi in p tng ln th t b mt m c in t phng ra,
tip tc tng in p th cht lng gia hai in cc b lon ha lm cho khong cht
lng tr nn dn in. Hin tng ny gi l hin tng nh thng in, vt b lon
ha gi l knh dn in. Dng in tip tc chy chng no in p cha t tr s
bng "tr s tt", qu trnh phng in khng duy tr c na.
* Thi gian ca qu trnh phng tia la in rt ngn t 2. l"4 n 4. l"4 giy. Khi c
tia la in, nhit c th t 12.000c, mt trong knh dn in c th t n
lo6
A/cm2. c tia la in lin tc th sau mt thi gian ngn khi dng in chy
qua, phi ngng cung cp nng lng. Yu cu ny c thc hin nh mt my pht

xung RC n gin. Nguyn l hot ng ca n nh sau : in p cung cp Uo qua
in tr R np cho t c. Khi in p ca t tch ln n Uo bng in p mi tia la th
qu trnh phng in bt u v duy tr cho n lc Uo gim xung tr s in p tt.
Sau tip din li qu trnh np in cho t v lp lai nh trc.
* Do thi gian phng in ngn (khong 10-4 n 10-8 giy) nn nhit truyn ti chi
tit gia cng t v khng su ch yu tp trung trn b mt vi nhit rt cao lm

chy v bc hi kim loi trong vng ny. Phoi ca qu trnh gia cng l cc gt kim
loi b tch khi cc in cc v ng c li thnh nhng ht nh dng hnh cu. Khi
cc ht b y ra khi vng gia cng, khe h gia hai in cc ln ln v s phng
in khng cn na. tip tc gia cng cn iu chnh hai in cc li gn nhau v
qu trnh trn c lp li lin tc.

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
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- Trong qu trnh gia cng c s n mn c hai in cc (chi tit gia cng v dng
c) nhng s n mn nay khng i xng. Bng cch la chn cc thng s nh :
phn cc, tnh dn nhit, nhit nng chy ca vt liu, thi gian ko di cng
xung in mt cch thch hp ta c th t c mn 99,5% cho in cc chi tit
v 0,5% cho in cc dng c.
2.2.3. Cu to my xung.
...C kin thc nht nh v vt liu nha.Khi cn hc trong trng ti lun phn
u t thnh tch tt nht trong hc tp.Nhiu nm lin ginh hc bng
khuyn khch hc tp.Tch cc tham gia vo cc cng tc on trn cng v B
Th ca lp, ha ng vi mi ngi xung quanh.
Ti tn l: Nguyn Quang Long.Chuyn ngnh hc Cng ngh c kh.Trng i
hc S phm k thut Hng Yn, Ti chun b tt nghip i hc h chnh quy
kha 2010- 2014.c bit cng ty Samsung tuyn nhn vin khi sn xut:
Qun l sn xut, Qun l cht lng, Khun c, Sn xut linh kin, My ht
bi,Ti mun tham gia ng tuyn.V bn thn ti l ngi nng ng, c tinh
thn cu tin.C kh nng lm vic nhm, chu c p lc cng vic cao trong
thi gian di.Ti pht huy th mnh tt nht vi nhng cng vic lin quan n
thit k khun mu: khun p nha, khun c p lc.S dng thnh tho cc
phn mm thit k: AutoCad, Inventor, Catia...C kin thc nht nh v vt liu
nha.Khi cn hc trong trng ti lun phn u t thnh tch tt nht trong
hc tp.Nhiu nm lin ginh hc bng khuyn khch hc tp, tham gia vo cc
cuc thi olympic c hc, nghin cu khoa hc....Tch cc tham gia vo cc cng
tc on trn cng v B Th ca lp, ha ng vi mi ngi xung
quanh.Chuyn ngnh m ti ang theo hc l Cng ngh c kh, i su vo vic
thit k, pht trin cc sn phm mi,c bit l ch to khun mu, ti cng c
s hiu bit c bn v lnh vc c kh.D cha c nhiu kinh nghim thc t
nhng ti ngh vi nhng kin thc m ti c hc cng nh tm hiu, tch
ly c s khng gp nhiu kh khn khi lm vic ti cng ty.Ti rt hng th
khi tr thnh nhn vin ca cng ty Samsung,hy vng s c mt cuc phng vn
gn nht vi qu cng ty.
Qua s gii thiu ca bn b cng nh tm hiu v cng ty thng qua cc phng
tin thng tin i chng,ti c bit cng ty c nhu cu tuyn nhn vin khi
sn xut. L sinh vin chun b tt nghip,ti thy y l c hi tt ti c
lm vic,th hin, pht huy nng lc bn thn, c lm vic trong mt mi
trng nng ng, chuyn nghip.Lm vic ti samsung l c m ca ti,mt
cng ty lun i u trong nhiu lnh vc cng ngh, lun to ra s t ph trong
vic nghin cu pht trin cc sn phm mi vi cht lng, hiu qu lun c
nh gi cao trn ton th gii.Ti rt thch th vi cc sn phm mang thng
hiu Samsung:in thoi di ng, tivi, cc thit b in t khc.N khng ch p
v mu m m cht lng cng rt tt.c lm vic tai Samsung l mt vinh
hnh,l c hi ti hc hi v khng nh bn thn.Ti c vi ngi bn ang
lm vic ti Samsung h nh gi rt cao mi trng lm vic y v h mun
Trang 35
TRNG H SP KT HNG YN
B MN : THTK CN C KH
BO CO THC TP
c gn b lu di vi cng ty, v th kim c mt cng vic nh

Samsung khng h d dng trong giai on hin nay.D bit rng c th lm
nhn vin Samsung rt kh, nhng ti ngh bng s may mn,kh nng bn
thn ti s c c hi c lm vic ti cng ty.

Trang 35

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TRNG H SP KT HNG YN

Hng Yn, ngy ... thng ... nm 2012.

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

PHN 2: PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT THNG GP TRONG

2. .4. Quy trnh gia cng...........................................................................................31

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

PHN I: GII THIU CC PHNG PHP GIA CNG C BIT

ng ny va p vo ht mi, ht mi va p vo vng ct to nn b mt cn gia

GHz, nhng dng gia cng ch

vi tn s t 15-K30 kHz. My siu m dng gia cng cc chi tit ch to t vt

mi trng hai pha to nn tc dng gia cng.

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Hnh 1.1. Nguyn l gia cng siu m

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

dung dch thm mt chuyn ng ph th c th thc hin c cc nguyn cng phay,

u bin t to nn cc dao ng c hc c bin cn thit. Thit b ny lm vic

Hnh 1.2. S u bin t

hai vng kp 5, lm nhim v khuch i bin dao ng ln gi tr cn thit l

ng vo vng chi tit cn gia cng, qu trnh c tin hnh lin tc v dn dn to

tia nc. Phng php ny dng tia nc c thm vo cc phn t ht mi cho

ng ng nh. Th tch nc khng i i qua mt ng tit din gim

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

dn s lm cc phn t tng tc mt cch nhanh chng. Dng c tng tc ny ra

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Hnh 1.3. S nguyn l gia cng bng tia nc.

Hnh 1.4. Gia cng tia nc c ht mi.

CAD/CAM. Sau bn v c chuyn i thnh ngn ng m my gia cng bng tia

Gia cng dng ht mi l phng php bc vt liu khi dng kh mang ht mi vi

ht mi mc d n cng c mt vi nt tng t gia cng tia nc c ht mi. Kh s

vi phun ti ni lm vic. Khong cch c trng t ming vi phun v b mt gia

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

gia cng quang ha.

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

phng php ct v bc lp bo v. V phng php bc lp bo v ny cng c

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

- Khc ha c th to nn nhng tm phng c ch chm hoc ni bng cch o

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

1.5. Phng php gia cng in ha.

- Phng php gia cng in hoa da trn c s nh lut in phn ca Faraday.

ch, th l qu trnh mi in ha. phng php nh bng in ha th chng ta

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Hnh 1.8. S nguyn l gia cng in ha. 1.5.3.

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

- Nhng ht mi c hai nhim v song hnh. Mt mt chng l nhng ht cch in,

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

trong qu trnh gia cng, mt di chuyn ca dng in thp hn v tc di chuyn

> Gia cng l in ha.

bc cch ly vi bn ngoi v c n xung chi tit gia cng l xo 3. Di mt p lc

T lu ngi ta s dng nng lng ca in t chuyn ng vi tc cao vo

- Nguyn l hot ng chung ca chm tia in t c trnh by trn hnh 1.11.

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Hnh 1.11. Nguyn l to chm tia in t. 1. Catod b nng 2.

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

giy tc ng vo b mt chi tit gia cng, nung nng, lm chy v bc hi vt liu.

- Ngun in cng nghip qua bin th v nn dng c np vo h thng t. in

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

Nh h dao ng ca cc gng phng 5 v 6, nhng lng t ny s i li nhiu ln

Gio vin hng dn: Trng Tt Ti

* V phng din vt l, Plasma l cht kh phn hy v lon ha mnh, tc l hn

hp ca phn t, nguyn t, lon v in t theo mt t l nht nh.

* Mt vt cht c trng thi Plasma nu ng nng trung bnh (W) ca cc phn t