Chapter 3 Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes

3.1 Uptake, Storage and Transport 3.2 Biological Chemistry of Iron, copper, and Zinc 3.3 Biological Chemistry of Other Metals

Distribution of Iron, Zinc, and Copper

Fe out of a total of 4-5 g: 60-70% hemoglobin; 7-15% ferritin; 3-5% myoglobin; 0.1% catalase; 0.1% cytochromes Zn out of a total of 1.4-2.3 g: liver 55 mg; kidney 55 mg; muscle 54 mg; heart 33 mg; pancreas 29 mg; spleen 21 mg; lung 15 mg; brain 14 mg; adrenal12 mg; prostate 102 mg. Cu out of a total of 80-120 mg: 8 mg in liver; 15 mg in heart, spleen, kidneys, brain, blood; concentrated in the pigment parts of eyes

Protein Carriers in Blood Plasma Carrier Ion

Transferrin Fe3+ Ceruloplasmin Cu2+ Albumin Zn2+, Cu2+ Metallothionein Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Ag+ Phosphoproteins Ca2+ Non required Mg2+, Na+ , K+

Ion Storage
Proteins Ferritin Metallothineine Ceruloplasmin Serum Albumin Phosphoproteins Ion Fe3+ Cu2+, Zn2+, Heavy Metals Cu2+, Zn2+ Cu2+, Zn2+ Ca2+

Metalloproteins and Metalloenzymes

conjugated

proteins = protein + prosthetic (cofactor) = apo-enzyme + prosthetic (cofactor)

Holo-enzyme

Classification of Metalloproteins

Dioxygen Carriers Redox Protein Classification of Metalloenzymes

Oxido-reductase Transferase Hydrolase Lyase Isomerase Ligase

Bioinorganic Chemistry of Iron

Oxygen Carriers: hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemerythrin Redox proteins: iron sulfur protein, cytochrome cc, cytochrome b5 b5, etc. Redox enzymes: cytochrome p450 p450, peroxidase, catalase ,etc.

Bioinorganic Chemistry of Zinc

Hydrolysis Enzymes - Lewis Acid carbonic anhydrase carboxypeptidase alkaline phosphatase proteinase NAD-dependent dehydrogenases alcohol dehydrogenase glutamate dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase malate dehydrogenase * Structure Roles

Bioinorganic Chemistry of Copper

Oxygen Carriers Hemocyanin Redox Proteins-Electron Transfer Protein Plastocyanin Azurin Stellacyanin Oxido-Reductase

Oxido-Reductase Enzymes
Superoxide Dismutase Tyrosinase Laccase Ascorbate Oxidase Galactose Oxidase Dopamine-B-Hydroxylase Amine Oxidase Urate Oxidase Cytochrome c Oxidasec