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vanjci mAnakar
of mu irAkavaiyankAr
In tamil script, unicode/utf-8 format

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----*The last of these name (Kottakarai) means 'Fort bank' and tradition says that it refers to the
great embankment of which traces still stand in the Kulitalai Taluq. The Karai Pottanar river
is also supposed to have formed part of the boundary and to have obtained its name from the
fact. The Karai Pottanar is a small stream rising in the Kollarmalai.
--- Page 28 Gazetter of the Trichinopoly District
The name signifies "the river which marked the boundary", and native tradition which
appears to be founded on fact, says that the stream was once the boundary between the
Pandya, Chola and Chera Kingdoms.
-- Page 8 Gazetter of the Trichinopoly District

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---------------------- * The Periyaar is the finest, the largest and the most important of the
rivers of Travancore. It takes its rise in the Shivagiri forests. As it first emerges from the
dense forest the volume of water it contaains is 30 yards wide and 2 feet deep even in the
driest weather. After a course of 10 miles northward, it is joined by the Mullayar at an
elevation of 2800 feet. The Periyar then turns due west and continues so far about 10 miles
over sandy bed. About 7 miles below Mullayar Tavalam there is formed a sort of gorge by the
hills rising to a considerable height on either side of the river nad approaching each other very
closely. It is here that a dam is thrown by the Madras Government to a height of160 feet and
a width of 1200 feet to form a lake which greatly helps the irrigation of the land in the Vaigai
valley. By the construction ofthe dam the river is caused to back up for aconsiderable distance
as far as the Vazhukkapara Tavalam aand all the low lying land on the north band of the river
is submerged, the water extending up all the side valleys and reaching to within a mile of
Kamih. From here a channel is tunnelled through the hill side over a mile long, by which the
water is conveyed to one of the streams that go to feed the vaigai river......
The Periyar after receiving the Muthirapuzha river flows west-North-West for about 8
miles when it pours under a large rock which probably has fallen from the hillside on account
of land slip. In dry weather when the volume of water is small the whole of it flows under the
Rock. This has been exaggerated into a sudden disappearance of the river under ground. The
water is considered to pass into a chasm and emerge again only after avery long distance,.......
Passing Malayathur and after a winding course of 14 miles, it reaches Alwaye, where it
divides itself into two branches which again subdivide themselves into several small ones
before reaching the sea. The chief places on its banks are Peermade, Neryaamangalam,
Malayathur, Cheranallur,Vazhakulam, Alwaye, Ullinad and Veerapoly. The total length of the
river is 142 miles of which for the last 35 miles only it passes through inhabited tracts. It is
navigable for boats for 60 miles above its mouth. (Page 17-18 Vol I. The Travancore State
Manual by Mr. V. Nagan Aiya. B.A. F.R., Hist. & Dewan Parisher, Travancore.)


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----** Madukkarai: Hamlet of Thirukkambiliyur 12 mils west of Kulittalai. The temple of the
village goddess Sellandiyamamn is supposed to mark the spot where the Chera, Chola and
Pandya Kingdoms met .............A bank runs south from the rever at this point and is said to
have been erected to mark the boundary of the Chola And Chera Kingdoms. (Page 281Trichnopoly Gezetteer 1907.)
Vettaimangalam: stands 12 miles north-west of Karur; populaton 3, 517. The place is said
to owe its origin to a Chera Raja, who, when out hunting one day saw the spot and struck by
the beauty of the scenery, founded the village. It was named Vettaimangalam from this
incident. There is an old Siva Temple there, page 276. Do. Do.)
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