nhim mi trng nc, hin trng v gii php.

I/ M u. II/ Ni Dung: 1/ Thc trng nhim mi trng nc hin nay. 2/ Nguyn nhn v hu qu. 3/ Hng gii php.

III/ Kt Lun. IV/ Ph Lc.

I/M U: nhim mi sinh l mt trong nhng mi lo ngi hng u ca nhn loi hin nay. Vi tnh trng mi trng sng b cc cht ha hc hay sinh hc lm nhim gy nh hng n sc khe v s sng ca mun loi m nn nhn chnh so vi v s nn nhn ca n l con ngi v chnh con ngi cng l th phm gy ra n. nhim ngun nc l mt vn nghim trng. nhim nc l s thay i theo chiu xu i cc tnh cht vt l ho hc sinh hc ca nc, vi s xut hin cc cht l th lng, rn lm cho ngun nc tr nn c hi vi con ngi v sinh vt. Lm gim a dng sinh vt trong nc.

II/ NI DUNG:
1/THC TRNG NHIM MI TRNG NC HIN NAY:

1/ Thc trang nhim mi trng nc hin nay:

VN c xem l quc gia c ngun nc mt v nc ngm tng i di do. Tuy nhin, vic qun l, s dng v bo v cha tt khin cc ngun nc mt ngy cng b nhim do mt lng ln cht thi cng nghip v sinh hot gy nn, cn ngun nc ngm b nhim cc cht hu c kh phn hy.

1/ Thc trng nhim mi trng nc hin nay:

Nhng nm gn y, vi tc th ho, cng nghip ho nhanh, H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, Nng v cc thnh ph cng nghip khc ti nc ta ang phi i mt vi s nhim v suy thoi mi trng nghim trng. Hu ht cc sng h cc thnh ph ln, ni c dn c ng c v nhiu cc khu cng nghip ln ny u b nhim. Phn ln lng nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip u khng c x l m thng vo cc ao h, sau chy ra cc con sng ln ti Vng Chu th Sng Hng v Sng M Kng. Ngoi ra, nhiu nh my v c s sn xut nh cc l m v ngay c bnh vin cng khng c trang b h thng x l nc thi.

1/ Thc trang nhim mi trng nc hin nay:

Hin nay, ngun nc mt, nc ngm xung quanh cc khu vc hot ng khong sn c s dng lm ngun cp cho sn xut nng nghip, sinh hot ang b suy gim v tr lng v nhim, suy thoi nghim trng. Ngoi ra, nhiu dng sng, c nhng on sng, oxy ho tan gn nh bng khng, tr thnh nhng dng sng cht.

Nhng dn chng thc t:

Vedan l mt cng ty chuyn lm bt ngt v bt m nm cnh sng Th Vi, huyn Long Thnh tnh ng

Nai. Cng ty ny thi nc thi t nh my khng c

b phn x l c a thng ra sng Th Vi.

 Cc van tho cht

thi ca cng ty Vedan, khi no cn thi ch cn tho van l thi thng ra sng Th Vi khng cn qua x l..

S TN-MT tnh ng Nai thng bo qua kim tra pht hin cht c xy-a-nua ti sui Sip chy ra sng ng Nai. Nhng thng s cht c hi hin c trong nc ng rt git mnh, l: coliform (cht gy bnh v ng rut) vt 9.200 ln, amoni vt 216 ln, BOD5 vt 38,8 ln... ng lo ngi nht l cht c xy-anua vt t 1,3 - 2 ln, l cha k cng vi hng loi kim loi nng khc nh niken vt 2,4 ln, st vt 2,4 ln, pht hin nhiu du m loang.

Sui Sip

en ngm xy-a-nua

Mt s hnh nh v tnh trng nhim nc

THUC BO V THC VT

 NHIM NC KNH TH NGH

RC SINH HOT CA NGI DN

 NHIM BIN

2/ NGUYN NHN V HU QU

 S bng n dn s cng vi tc th ha, cng nghip ha nhanh chng to ra mt sc p ln ti mi trng sng Vit Nam, c bit l vi vic ngun nc sinh hot ngy cng tr nn thiu ht v nhim.

nhim mi trng nc ang gia tng, mi trng nc ngy cng b nhim nng do tip nhn mt lng ln nc thi t cc th, khu cng nghip v lng ngh x ra mi trng vt tiu chun cho php. nhim trm trng hn bi nc thi, kh thi v cht thi rn x ra mi trng khng qua x l.

Ring hng nm hin tng nhim c phng x lm nhim c 2 500 t lt nc ngm ca tri t. Ngun nc nhim phng x ny sau s lan vo lng sinh thi nh khng kh, nc ung, t ai lm nh hng n cy ci, ng vt, hoc ha tan vo ngun nc sinh hot ca con ngi m thm nhp vo c th gy nn v s bnh tt a n t vong.

Nc b nhim l do s ph dng xy ra ch yu cc khu vc nc ngt v cc vng ven bin, vng bin khp kn. Do lng mui khong v hm lng cc cht hu c qu d tha lm cho cc qun th sinh vt trong nc khng th ng ho c. Kt qu lm cho hm lng xy trong nc gim t ngt, cc kh CO2, CH4, H2S tng ln, tng c ca nc, gy suy thoi thy vc. cc i dng th nguyn nhn chnh gy nhim l cc s c trn du. nhim nc c nguyn nhn t cc loi cht thi v nc thi cng nghip c thi ra lu vc cc con sng m cha qua x l ng mc; cc loi phn bn ho hc v thuc tr su ngm vo ngun nc ngm v nc ao h; nc thi sinh hot c thi ra t cc khu dn c ven sng.

 T nhng nm 80 n nay, hot ng khong sn pht trin mnh nhng qun l khng cht ch, thiu t chc. Cc a phng cha c quy hoch s dng khong sn ph hp, nn khai thc "th ph" trn lan nn qu trnh khai thc v thi ba bi gy nhim mi trng, nht l nc. Trong khi , hot ng khai thc khong sn u dng nhng thit b, cng ngh c, lc hu, cha ch n vic bo v mi trng. Hu ht cc m thit k v xy dng t nhng thp nin 60 - 70 vi qui m v sn lng qung, khi lng t thi t hn nhiu so vi hin nay. Sau qu trnh khai thc 30 - 40 nm, cc bi thi c quy hoch vi quy m nh, cha tnh n cc bin c v qu ti i vi cc bi thi. Mt lng cht thi rt ln bao gm cht thi rn, nc thi, bn thi hng nm khng c qun l v x l gy nhim mi trng.

 Mt ngun nhim th khc tc ng ng k n mi trng nc sng l nc thi y t pht sinh t cc c s y t. Theo thng k ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, mi c khong 20% lng nc thi y t c x l t tiu chun cho php, cn li khong 80% x ra mi trng mang theo nhiu loi vi khun gy bnh, hu ht cc mu nc thi c phn tch c coliform vt tiu chun cho php t nht l 100 ln, thm ch c mu vt tiu chun cho php n hng ngn ln.

 V mi trng nc ven bin, do nui trng thu sn

t, thiu quy hoch, khng tun theo quy trnh k thut nn gy nhiu tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng nc. Cng vi vic s dng nhiu v khng ng cch cc loi ho cht trong nui trng thu sn, th cc thc n d lng xung y ao, h, lng sng lm cho mi trng nc b nhim cc cht hu c, lm pht trin mt s loi sinh vt gy bnh v xut hin mt s to c; thm ch c du hiu xut hin thu triu mt s vng ven bin Vit Nam.

Mt nguyn nhn thy r l ngn sch u t cho bo v mi trng nc cn rt thp (mt s nc ASEAN u t ngn sch cho bo v mi trng l 1% GDP, cn Vit Nam mi ch t 0,1%). Cc chng trnh gio dc cng ng v mi trng ni chung v mi trng nc ni ring cn qu t. i ng cn b qun l mi trng nc cn thiu v s lng, yu v cht lng (Hin nay Vit Nam trung bnh c khong 3 cn b qun l mi trng/1 triu dn, trong khi mt s nc ASEAN trung bnh l 70 ngi/1 triu dn)...

TOM TT NI DUNG PHN NGUYN NHN

Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc ch yu

Ngun thnh th
Ngun nng nghip Ngun t nhin Ngoi ra cn c phn loi nh sau; ngun tp trung, ngun khng tp trung, ngun c th khng ch c ,ngun khng th khng ch c

CC CHT GY NHIM CH YU

Cht thi hu c Cht thi t sn xut cng nghip Thuc bo v thc vt

2. Nguyn nhn
Gia tng dn s

Mt tri ca qu trnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho, c s h tng yu km, lc hu

Nhn thc ca ngi dn v vn mi trng cn cha cao S bt cp trong hot ng qun l, bo v mi trng. Ngn sch u t cho bo v mi trng nc cn rt thp.

S NGUN NC B NHIM
Tc ng ca iu kin t nhin ma

ng t

Ni la

Cc hin

tng khc

Nc t nhin Nc thi Trn du Cc hot ng khc

Tc ng ca iu kin nhn ta

Vy hu qua cua nhim mi trng nc la gi ???

Nhng hu qu m con ngi phi gnh chu, trong ngun nc thng thy cc loi vi khun, virus t cht bi tit ca con ngi, ngoi ra cn c kim loi nng v cc hp cht hu c t sn xut cng nghip. Con ngi b nhim c c th do ung phi nc hoc n thc n b nhim c. Cc loi thy sn cng c th b nhim cht c trong nc do tht chng tch cc cht c hi v gy hi cho ngi n phi tht b nhim c. Ngay cy trng cng c th b nhim cht c nu ti bng nc nhim c. Hu qu i vi sc khe con ngi l gy hi n h thng tiu ha, bnh ng rut. Theo s liu ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO) th nhim nc l mt trong cc nguyn nhn chnh gy t vong t yu t mi trng. Nc ngm l ngun nc quan trng nht. Ti cc khu th vic chn v tr cht thi hoc b pht lm khng tt nn cht c cng nh cc tc nhn gy bnh c th ngm vo ngun nc ngm. Cnh nu cc loi du my thi, cht ty ra t cc h gia nh hoc thuc bo v thc vt, phn ha hc dng trong nng nghip cng gy nhim ngun nc ngm. Do s di chuyn ca nc ngm rt chm nn s nhim cht c c thi gian tch t rt di, thm ch sau nhiu nm mi thm nhp vo ngun nc n . nh hng n sc khe: iu ny l thuc vo loi nhim. Thng l bnh ng rut. Cc loi kim loi nng trong nc c th gy ung th.

 nhiu vng ngho kh trn th gii phn ngi v nc thi sinh hot khng c x l m quay tr li vng tun hon ca nc. Do bnh tt c iu kin ly lan v gy nhim mi trng. Nc thi khng c x l chy vo sng rch v ao h gy thiu ht oxy lm cho nhiu loi ng vt v cy c khng th tn ti. nh hng n sc khe: tnh trng trn dn n mt lot bnh nh t, thng hn, kit l, vim gan A v bnh giun sn. Hu qu chung ca tnh trng nhim nc l t l ngi cht do cc bnh lin quan n nhim nc nh vim mng kt, tiu chy, ung th ngy cng tng ln. Ngoi ra, t l tr em t vong ti cc khu vc b nhim ngun nc l rt cao.

 V cht c ho hc Xy-a-nua (vit tt CN) l mt ha cht rt c, thng c dng trong cng ngh thm ccbon v thm ni-t (N) cho cc chi tit my cn c chu mn. CN rt c. Ht phi hi CN liu lng 0,06g c th gy cht ngt. Ng c CN s b rt c hng, chy nc bt, au u, tc ngc... L mt ha cht rt c, khi kt hp vi hy-r-gien thnh HCN, ngi b nhim c c th b ngt th, nhanh chng b chong, thm ch ngt xu. c tnh ch yu l lm cho ngi b nhim phi b t lit thn kinh, t lit h hp v t lit tun hon. Ch cn 0,001g NaCN l lm cht ngi. c trng nhim c l nhp th tng t ngt, nu khng cp cu kp thi s nhanh chng t vong.Do tnh trng nhim nng n, dng nc cc sng ny lm nc n d gy ung th. Trong khi , ngi s dng nc c cha cc kim loi nng v cht hu c kh phn hu, cc cht ny s tch t trong c th, lm hng gan, thn, xng hoc gy ra cc hu qu khc nh lm suy gim kh nng min dch, gy ung th, t bin gen.

3.Gii php
i vi cc ngun nhim khng xc nh a im ca nc ( ch yu l nng nghip)???? i vi ngun nhim c xc nh a im th c cc gii php g ????

nhng nc tin tin Chu u m nht l nhng nc Bc u vi trnh dn sinh dn tr cao, thc bo v mi sinh ca ngi dn rt tt. y lut l bo v mi sinh chng nhng kht khe i vi cc hng xng ha cht, cc cng ty ch bin lng thc thc phm, cc cng ty ch to vt liu... m cn ngay c vi ngi dn tiu xi.

gii quyt vn cc m khai khong, cn c h thng x l cc ngun gy nhim c th vi tng trng hp, c nh vy mi gii quyt tn gc vic nhim nc mt cng nh nc ngm. i vi ngun nc chy trn qua khu m, nc ngm t bi cha cht thi rn th cn xy dng h thng mng thu gom nc dn v h cha nc. Ti y nc thi c x l bng phng php ha hc (thng thng dng bt vi trung ha), sau kim tra pH, mt s ion kim loi t tiu chun cho php mi c thi ra mi trng. Trong trng hp nc tho kh m, sau khi bm tp trung vo h cha lng s b, mt phn c bm tr li phc v sn xut ca m (tuyn qung, ti m,...), phn cn li bm ln b x l bng phng php ha hc, sinh hc lm ngun nc cung cp cho nhu cu sinh hot ca khu m. Nc thi sau khi tuyn qung cn c thu ngay t cc xng, sau c lng lc c hc, ha hc trong trng hp cn thit, bm tun hon tr li cung cp cho h thng tuyn khong. Bng cc bin php s dng tun hon cc ngun nc thi t qu trnh hot ng khong sn nu trn, hu ht cc ngun thi c kh nng gy nhim mi trng nc trong khu m u c kim sot, v vy s gim thiu c nhim mi trng nc trong khu m v khu vc ln cn.

Mt s hnh nh v gii php ci thin tnh trng nhim nc

III/ KT LUN

 C nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan dn

n tnh trng nhim mi trng nc, nh s gia tng dn s, mt tri ca qu trnh cng nghip ho, hin i ho, c s h tng yu km, lc hu: nhn thc ca ngi dn v vn mi trng cn cha cao ng ch l s bt cp trong hot ng qun l, bo v mi trng. Nhn thc ca nhiu cp chnh quyn, c quan qun l, t chc v c nhn c trch nhim v nhim v bo v mi trng nc cha su sc v y ; cha thy r nhim mi trng nc l loi nhim gy nguy him trc tip, hng ngy v kh khc phc i vi i sng con ngi cng nh s pht trin bn vng ca t nc. Cc quy nh v qun l v bo v mi trng nc cn thiu (chng hn nh cha c cc quy nh v quy trnh k thut phc v cho cng tc qun l v bo v ngun nc). C ch phn cng v phi hp gia cc c quan, cc ngnh v a phng cha ng b, cn chng cho, cha quy nh trch nhim r rng. Cha c chin lc, quy hoch khai thc, s dng v bo v ti nguyn nc theo lu vc v cc vng lnh th ln. Cha c cc quy nh hp l trong vic ng gp ti chnh qun l v bo v mi trng nc, gy nn tnh trng thiu ht ti chnh, thu

n lc mi cng dn trn tri t ny cn c mt thc bo v mi trng nc bi l cch chng ta bo v cuc sng ca chnh chng ta.

Mi thy cng cc bn tham kho 1 on video clip v nhim mi trng nc. (ngun: t trang wed: www.violet.vn/trungvien)

 LA HOC SINH, MI CHUNG TA PHI LAM GI GI GIN TAI NGUYN NC NOI RING VA MI TRNG SNG NOI CHUNG???

CU TR LI DANH CHO TT C MI HOC SINH CHUNG TA!!!!

 Tch cc tham gia cc hot ng bo v ti nguyn mi trng, c bit l ti nguyn nc. Tham gia tuyn truyn, tc ng tch cc n thc, trch nhim ca mi ngi dn v bo v mi trng. Sng noi gng cho nhng ngi xung quanh v tit kim v gi gn ti nguyn nc. Tch cc hc tp, nghin cu a ra cc bin php, pht minh ti u nht x l cc ngun nc b nhim.

Bi thuyt trnh ca nhm 7 v vn nhim mi trng nc n y l kt thc. Cm n thy v cc bn quan tm theo di.

THNH VIN THAM GIA THC NGUYN MINH LUN: TNG BIN TP V BIN HIN SON MY TNH
INH TH THU HU, HUNH TH NH HU: PHN THC TRNG NHIM MI TRNG HIN NAY V GII PHP.
PHAN TH HOI TRM, H TH DIM HNG: PHN NGUYN NHN V HU QU. TRN L QUC T: M U, KT BI

NGUYN TN T, MINH TUN: SU TM HNH ANH V CHNH SA CHNH T.