Lattice Energies

Calculation of Lattice Energies for Mono (M+) and Divalent Metals (M2+) with Halogens (X2)
Divalent Metal (M2+)
Sub Metal 1st Ionization 2nd Ionization Sub or Vap of X2 Break bonds Make X Form solid compound Overall

Monovalent Metal(M+) M(s)M(g) M(g) M+(g) + e Hsub IE1

M(s)M(g) M(g) M+(g) + e M+(g) M2+(g) + e X2(l,s) X2(g) X2(g) 2X(g) 2X(g) + e 2X(g) M2+(g)+ 2X(g)

Hsub IE1 IE2

Hsub or vap,X2
BE 2*EA

X2(l,s) X2(g) X2(g) X(g) X(g) + e X(g) M+(g)+ X(g)

Hsub or vap,X2 BE EA

EL
Hf

EL
Hf

M(s))+ X2(g, l,s ) MX2(s)

M(s))+ X2(g,l,s ) MX (s)

Hf = Hsub+IE1+IE2 +Hsub or vap,X2+ BE + 2*EAEL

Hf = Hsub + IE1+ Hsub or vap,X2+ BE + EAEL

Sublimation or vaporization of X2 only necessary in 4th step when standard state is either a liquid (Br2) or solid (I2).