CHNG 2

HP KIM & GIN TRNG THI

T kho: Alloy; Phase Diagram, Binary Phase Diagram

1. Khi nim v hp kim

1.1. nh ngha hp kim
Hp kim: l vt th cha nhiu nguyn t v mang tnh cht kim loi. guyn t ch yu trong h! kim l nguyn t kim loi Trong k thut t "#ng $% nguyn cht m thng "#ng h! kim &$ 'c s "ng rng r(i v) c* nhiu mt u vit hn $% nguyn cht

1.2. c tnh ca hp kim

+, - .n, ' cng cao hn $% nguyn cht, - "o, "ai thng th! hn $% nguyn cht nhng vn nm trong gii hn cho !h/! 0, 1* cc tnh cht 'c .it: chu nhit, chng 2n m3n, chng mi m3n 4 5, 1* mt s tnh c6ng ngh tt 7tnh '8c, tnh gia c6ng ct, h*a .n .ng nhit luyn 49 :, D ch to hn $% nguyn cht

1. . Mt ! khi nim
Pha: l nhng t !hn 'ng nht ca mt h, c* cc tnh cht: ; 1* thnh !hn 'ng nht 'iu kin c<n .ng ; ! c#ng mt trng thi ; g2n cch vi !ha khc .ng . mt !h<n !ha H: t! h! cc !ha trng thi c<n .ng C" t# l nhng cht 'c l! c* thnh !hn kh6ng 'i, ch8ng to nn tt c" cc !ha ca h Th ": & nc = 'ng; c >>1

2. Cc pha & t chc t$%ng hp kim 2.1. &"ng 'ch $n (&&R) (*%+i' *%+"ti%n)
DD? l !ha tinh th c* thnh !hn thay 'i, trong '*: ; 1c nguyn t ca "ung m6i A gi nguyn kiu mng ; guyn t cht tan B !h<n . vo mng ca A

:.B. * +c v thCp v4 gang

PhDn +%i thCp th6% t chc t vi & EC# ; Th/! trc c#ng tch: 1D >,EG; H = P ; Th/! c#ng tch: 1 >,EG; P ; Th/! sau c#ng tch: 1K >,EG; P = Re__ PhDn +%i gang th6% t chc t vi v4 EC: 1* t chc t vi ng vi QDTT He;1: Qang trng 7tt c" 1 "ng Re mt g+y mu sng9 ; Qang trc c#ng tinh: 1D :,5G; P=Re__=%e ; Qang c#ng tinh: 1 :,5G; %e ; Qang sau c#ng tinh: 1K :,5G; %e = Re_

:.F.Cc 3im t#i hn ca HK ;6<C

1c 'im chuyn .in trng thi rn ca &$ He; 1: cc 'im ti hn $` hiu: ch A v s ti! theo A+U Y0Y>1 7P@$9: nhit ' chuyn .in c#ng tch A5U Y0Y M W++>1 7Q@9: nhit ' .t 'u tit ra H t aus 7khi lm ngui9, kt th8c ho tan H vo Aus 7khi nung9 AcmU Y0Y M ++:Y>1 7S@9: nhit ' .t 'u tit ra Re__ t aus 7khi lm ngui9, kt th8c ho tan Re__ vo Aus 7khi nung9