THIT K MY I IN T NGUN IN MT CHIU (12V) THNH NGUN XOAY CHIU ( 110V; 220V) A !

T V"N Trong chng trnh cng ngh lp 12 hc cc linh kin in t v cc mch in t c b n ! "# to i$% kin th%&n l'i cho gi ng () c*+ gio vi,n v hc t&p c*+ hc -inh c. hi% /% t0t trong ph1n in t 2 ti thi3t k3 v l4p rp m) bi3n 5i ng%6n in m7t chi$% thnh ng%6n in 8o+) chi$% c. h+i th+ng in p thng (9ng 11:; v 22:;! ;i mch in n) c. nhi$% n7i (%ng li,n /%+n 3n chng trnh in2 in t nh < mch (+o 7ng = mch to 8%ng> 2 mch kh%3ch i = kh%3ch i (?ng in2 kh%3ch i in p 2 kh%3ch i cng -%@tA> 2 mch chBnh l%2 5n p 2 mch b o v 2 mch ch%)#n 5i chCc nDng A! EFt khc G nc t+ nh% c1% - (9ng in hin n+) v tng l+i r@t ln n,n nDng l'ng in 8%+) chi$% (H bI thi3% h9t nh@t l nhJng giK c+o i#m 2 lm nh hGng 3n - n 8%@t v -inh hot 2 n3% c. ki3n thCc v$ in 2 in t 2 c. th# l4p rp m) 5i in n gi n 2 cng -%@t nhL # ph9c v9 cho -inh hot hMng ng) c*+ gi+ nh nh < ng6n -ng 2 /%t in 2 cc thi3t bI in t = Ti vi 2 N+(io2 1% O+2 tDng PmA> # NI $UNG
I) %& NGUY'N () V %& (*+ ,+ M-CH I NGUN.

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II_ NGUY'N () (M VIC U \hi .ng in2 mch in to 8%ng + hi ta (o+ 7ng nhK cc Tr+nbito2 in trG v t9 in = T2c TRc N2c NZc dRc dZ > to 8%ng r+ G doleto c*+ Tr+nbito T22 c TR (ng chJ nh&t ! f%ng n) 'c + /%+ TZ c TY c TXc Tg! # kh%3ch i (?ng in * ln c@p cho t1ng cng -%@t! h c%7n thC c@p bi3n p cng -%@t c. (?ng in 8o+) chi$% vi in p v cng -%@t theo thi3t k3 !
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W3% chn T2c TR gi0ng nh+% 2 N2 i NZ i N c dR idZ i d t+ 'c 8%ng + hi 0i 8Cng c. ch% kj T i 12ZNd ! dhn N2 d # c. ch% kj
T= 1 s 2 tCc l f = Y: Hz ! \hi . t+ c. ng%6n in 8o+) chi$% t1n -0 Y:

Y: Sb G h+i 1% c%7n thC c@p bi3n p ! U Tk) theo ),% c1% v$ cng -%@t 1% r+ c*+ m) 5i in m chn -0 Tr+nbito cng -%@t v klch thc c*+ lmi bi3n p cho phk h'p ! U "# ng%6n r+ 'c 5n Inh 2 trong m) c. l4p mch 5n p (kng Tr+nbito n1!d1o1Y v i0t 5n p = "b pv > ! "6ng thKi # b o v m) khi @% l7n ng%6n ! q4p i0t b o v rYZ:o hoFc i0t tng ng khc! III_ CH`N (INH KIN V TaNH TON #IN + 1/ C@b3 8K3@ QKU3 U dc loi linh kin2 kl hi% v trI -0 'c ghi tr,n - 6 ng%),n lQ ! U "0i vi Tr+nbito cng -%@t chn loi c. in p r+ v cng -%@t ln hn thi3t k3 t0i thi#% 2:s ! \hi c1n thi3t k3 m) 5i in cng -%@t ln c. th# (kng nhi$% Tr+nbito @% -ong -ong = cch @% nh - 6 ng%),n lQ >! 2/ C@b3 cd MV3@ MW=3 XKS3 =; t C@b3 XKS3 =;

U ro cng -%@t bi3n p nhL n,n chn bi3n p ki#% bc! e TV3@ MW=3 XKS3 =; Z) C@b3 ?\34 ]5TM XKS3 =; . U q@) hi% -%@t bi3n p i :2p1
P 1 = P2 1:: = ; 11:V ! n :2p1

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U r?ng in - c@p <

I1 = U P 11: 1 = = p21g= A> ; p2 2= A> ! U1 12 1:: ; :2 ZX= A> ! 22:

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U dhn Tr+nbito cng -%@t < ro I1 = p2 2= A> n,n chn Tr+nbito cng -%@t c. (?ng I C m+81: = 1Y= A> d. th# chn m7t trong cc loi -+% < Z b.ng 2WR:1Y hoFc tm b.ng 2WR:RR =2WR:YY> hoFc o b.ng rg1o m4c nh - 6 hnh vw ! X) TV3@ MW=3 BC?@ Mf U qoi mch tx ki#% bc! U rin tlch tr9c /%@n (P) = rin tlch ti3t (in v?ng (yn tx> _ki "n vI o cm2!

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U rin tlch thac _t # tlnh tlch klch thc kh%n /%@n (P)!
St = _t = S hc = ki h -0 l@p 1) z tr+ b ng l@) ki i :2p>! ki 122 X = 1Zcm 2 ! :2p

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U k = Z: Y: theo ch@t l'ng th{p z l@) k i ZY U | < "7 tx th}m lmi th{p i :2o U~ 122T z q@) i1
n= ZY = R2 2 v?ngvn! 1!1Z

e S vng dy cun s cp (N1). ro bi3n p 5i tx ng%6n rd 12; n,n bi,n 7 8o+) chi$% E+8 l 12; tng Cng in p hi% (9ng i o2Y ;! U N1 = nU1 = R2 2!o2Y = 2g2 2 v?ng ! q@) 2o v?ng!
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U n%@n 2 c%7n mi c%7n 2o v?ng n0i ti3p nh+% c. i#m ch%ng G giJ+! * S vng dy cun th cp (N2)
U N2 = n U 2 + 1 U 2 = R2 2 ( 22: + 22 ) = ggZ2 Z v?ng ! 1:

U n%@n h+i c%7n mi c%7n i Roo v?ng n0i ti3p nh+% c. i#m ch%ng G giJ+! Y) C@b3 MKSM YKU3 Yh6 i5T3 _ 1Oj34 QV3@ Yh6 i5T3 * Ti t di!n dy "un s cp # $1 U F1 =
I1 p2 2 = ; R21mm 2 = ro P: = 1::W Tr+ b ng lP) iR> J R

U "ng klnh (P) /%@n - c@p i 1 = 12ppmm ! dhn Kng klnh (P) - c@p i 2U~Y mm2 i~ chn (P) 22Ymm = 22Y li> *Ti t di!n dy "un th cp . U F2 =
I 2 :2 ZX = = :21YRmm 2 ! J R

"Kng klnh (P) /%@n thC c@p 2 = :2 ZZmm dhn Kng klnh (P) thC c@p i :2ZYU~o2Y mm i~ chn :2Ymm = :2Y li> dDn cC v -0 li% tlnh ton tr,n c*+ m) bi3n p 2 c. th# chn loi bi3n p bc 12V c. -n tr,n thI trKng ! ra+ vo klch thc + v b # chn -0 l th{p! VI KT JUk Tx trc nDm hc 2::pU2:1: ti thi3t k3 l4p nhi$% mch in t thng (9ng nh mch n4n in cc loi 2 mch kh%3ch i 2 mch (+o 7ng 2 mch 5n p 2 mch i$% khi#n A # lm phng tin gi ng () cc ti3t lQ th%)3t v thac hnh ph1n in t 2c. k3t /% t0t2 to 'c hCng th cho hc -inh hc t&p! Tx nDm hc 2::pU2:1: ti thi3t k3 2 l4p rp m7t -0 m) 5i in tx ng%6n m7t chi$% thnh ng%6n 8o+) chi$% # ph9c v9 gi ng () v - (9ng khi m@t in !
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Ech 5i in tx ng%6n rd l mch ph0i h'p c*+ nhi$% mch in t thng (9ng ! T%) thi3t k3 v l4p (ang c. k6ng k$nh v phCc tp hn nhng khi - (9ng cho gi ng () cc mch in t thng (9ng 2 linh kin in t = c. trong mch in n) z mch chBnh l% 5n p 2 mch (+o 7ng 2 mch kh%3ch i 2 mch i$% khi#n A 2cc linh kin in t > to 'c hCng th cho hc -inh n,n ch@t l'ng giK () 2 giK hc t0t ! Sc -inh tlch cac hc t&p 2 tm hi#% thac t3 v v&n (9ng khi c. i$% kin! C KT (UlN \hi @t nc trong gi+i on cng nghip h.+ 2 hin i h.+ 2 th ),% c1% nPng c+o trnh 7 cho hc -inh ph5 thng c. * ki3n thCc p Cng vi ),% c1% pht tri#n c*+ 8 h7i l r@t /%+n trng v c1n thi3t ! "# lm 'c i$% . c1n /%n trit ng%),n lQ gio (9c z Sc i i vi hnh 2 lQ l%&n g4n li$n thac tiHn2 thKng 8%),n ti3p c&n v hi#% bi3t nhJng thnh ta% c*+ cng ngh c+o c. ! Trong chng trnh cng ngh = \ th%&t cng nghip> lp 11 v lp 12 bi,n -on theo hng c i cch gio (9c 2 t m9c ti,% n,% tr,n 2 trong . tDng thKi l'ng thac hnh 2 ti3p c&n thac t3 nhJng ki3n thCc m hc -inh 'c hc ! ;i i$% kin c -G v&t ch@t2 thi3t bI nh hin n+) G cc nh trKng c?n nhi$% hn ch3 2 ch+ p Cng 'c vi ),% c1% gi ng () mn cng ngh 2 ngh$ ph5 thng ! ro . ?i hLi gio vi,n ph i n lac ti3p c&n thac tiHn 2 ta nghi,n cC% 2 tm hi#% v v&n (9ng # thi3t k3 2 l4p rp th,m cc thi3t bI () hc n gi n gn nh ph9c v9 cho gi ng () chng trnh cng ngh = k th%&t cng nghip > n.i ch%ng v chng trnh lp 12 n.i ri,ng nh@t l ph1n k th%&t in t c. Cng (9ng nhi$% v + (ng hin n+)! ro v&t li% 2 linh kin -n c. G thI trKng hin n+) 2 vi gi thnh khng c+o h+) c. th# t&n (9ng v&t li% 2 linh kin c c?n m b o ch@t l'ng #

gio vi,n 2 hc -inh c. th# ta lm cc thi3t bI in t ph9c v9 gi ng () v hc t&p l r@t kh thi ! Ech 5i in ti thi3t k3 v l4p rp c. Cng (9ng thi3t thac th%&n l'i 2 gi thnh th@p 2 t k3t /% Cng (9ng t0t nh trnh b) tr,n!

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