BK

TP.HCM
2011
dc e
Chng 8
Thit k B lc S
2011, TS. inh c Anh V
2011
dc e
2 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
Ni dung
B lc l tng
B lc thc t
B lc vi p ng xung hu hn (FIR)
B lc tuyn tnh pha
Phng php ca s
Phng php mu tn s
B lc tuyn tnh pha ti u
B bin i Hilbert
So snh cc phng php thit k
B lc vi p ng xung v hn (IIR)
Phng php xp x o hm
Phng php bt bin xung
2011
dc e
3 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
Gii thiu
Phng php thit k b lc tn s
c tnh b lc c m t bi p ng bin v pha
Ty theo p ng mong mun, b lc nhn qu FIR hoc
IIR s c chn
FIR
c dng khi c yu cu p ng pha tuyn tnh trong passband
Nhiu thng s hn IIR phc tp tnh ton cao
IIR
C cc thu bin di stopband thp hn b lc FIR c cng s tham
s c dng nhiu hn so vi FIR (khi mo pha trong
passband c th chp nhn c)
phc tp tnh ton khng cao v tiu tn t b nh
Xc nh cc h s b lc
2011
dc e
4 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
Tnh nhn qu
Xt b lc l tng

<

c
c
H
0
1
) (

=
=
0
0
) (
) sin(
n
n
n h
n
n
c
c c
c

H()
1

c
-
c
B lc khng nhn qu
khng hin thc c

c
=/4
2011
dc e
5 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
/k b lc nhn qu
nh l Paley-Wiener
H() ch c php = 0 ti mt tp hu hn cc tn s
|H()| khng c l hng s cho mt khong tn
Vic chuyn t passband sang stopband khng c thng gc
H
R
() v H
I
() ph thuc nhau Ph bin v ph pha khng th
chn c lp c
<

d H ) ( ln
h(n) c nng lng hu hn
h(n) =0 n<0

<
<

d H
d H
2
) (
) ( ln
( )
( ), ( ) ( )
( ):
j
Voi H H e
h n nhnqua

=
2011
dc e
6 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
) ( ) ( ) ( n h n h n h
o e
+ =
| |
| | ) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
2
1
2
1
n h n h n h
n h n h n h
o
e
=
+ =
1 ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) (
0 ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) (
+ =
=
n n h n u n h n h
n n h n u n h n h
o
e e

h(n) nhn qu
) ( ) ( ) (
I R
jH H H + =
) ( ) ( ) ( n h n h n h
o e
+ =
F F

d H H
R I
) cot( ) ( ) (
2 2
1
B Hilbert ri rc
1 ) ( ) ( = n n h n h
e o
h(n) c m t bi h
e
(n)
H() c m t bi H
R
()
H() c m t bi H
I
() v h(0)
h(n) thc
/k b lc nhn qu
2011
dc e
7 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
/k b lc nhn qu
V d: xc nh p ng tn s ca h/t n nh vi p ng xung l hm
thc v chn, nu bit
1
cos 2 1
cos 1
) (
2
<
+

= a
a a
a
H
R

| |

j j
e e

+ =
2
1
cos
a z a ROC
az a z
z a z
a z z a
z z a
z H
R
/ 1 :
) 1 )( (
2 / ) 1 (
) ( 1
) ( 1
) (
2
2 1
1
2
1
< <

+
=
+ +
+
=

) ( ) (
2
1
2
1
n a n h
n
e
+ = ) ( ) ( n u a n h
n
=

j
ae
H

=
1
1
) (
2011
dc e
8 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc tn s trong thc t
LTI
c trng
|H()|

1+
1
1-
1

2
Passband ripple
Transition Band
StopBand
0
p

s

1
: Passband ripple

2
: Stopband ripple

p
: Passband edge ripple

s
: Stopand edge ripple

= =
+ =
M
k
k
N
k
k
k n x b k n y a n y
0 1
) ( ) ( ) (

+
=
N
k
k j
k
M
k
k j
k
e a
e b
H
1
0
1
) (

2011
dc e
9 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR Tnh i xng & phn i xng

=
=
1
0
) ( ) ( ) (
M
k
k n x k h n y
B lc FIR B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha
H() c pha () l hm tuyn tnh
/k: h(n) = h(M1n)
n =0, 1, , M-1

=
=
1
0
) ( ) (
M
k
k
k n x b n y
h(k) = b
k

=
1
0
) ( ) (
M
k
k
z k h z H
) ( ) (
1 ) 1 (
z H z H z
M
=

Thay z bi z-1
Nhn 2 v vi z-(M-1)
h(n) =h(M1n)
z
1
z
1
*
1/z
1
*
1/z
1
1
1/z
2
z
2
Nu z
1
l nghim (hoc zero) ca H(z)
th 1/z
1
cng l nghim
h(n) thc th z
1
*
cng l nghim
v 1/ z
1
*
cng l nghim
2011
dc e
10 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR Tnh i xng & phn i xng
Hm h/t
p ng xung n v i xng h(n) =h(M 1 n)
3
2
( 1) ( 1 2 ) ( 1 2 )
2 2 2
2
( 1) ( 1 2 ) ( 1 2 )
2 2 2
1 ( 1)
1
2
0
1
0
( ) (0) (1) ... ( 1)
( ) ( )
( )
M
M M n M n
M
M M n M n
M
M
n
n
H z h h z h M z
z h h n z z M le
z h n z z M chan

=
= + + +

(
+
`


)
=

3
2
2
1 2 1
2 2
0
1
1 2
2
0
( ) 2 ( )cos ( )
( )
2 ( )cos ( )
M
M
M n M
n
r
M n
n
h h n M le
H
h n M chan

< +
>
=

0 ) ( ) (
0 ) ( ) (
) (
2
1
2
1

r
M
r
M
H
H
2
) 1 (
) ( ) (

=
M
j
r
e H H


c tnh pha Tuyn tnh
Bin thc
2011
dc e
11 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
p ng xung n v phn i xng h(n) =h(M1n)
Khi M l h[(M1)/2] =0
i xng hay phn i xng ?
Ty
B lc FIR Tnh i xng & phn i xng
3
2
2
1 2
2
0
1
1 2
2
0
2 ( )sin ( )
( )
2 ( )sin ( )
M
M
M n
n
r
M n
n
h n M le
H
h n M chan

<
>
=

0 ) ( ) (
0 ) ( ) (
) (
2
1
2
3
2
1
2

r
M
r
M
H
H
] [
2 2
) 1 (
) ( ) (

=
M
j
r
e H H
c tnh pha
Tuyn tnh
h(n) =h(M1n)
M l
H
r
(0) =0
H
r
() =0
Khng thch hp
cho cc b lc thng thp
v thng cao
Bin thc
2011
dc e
12 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
Gi s
H
d
(): hm p ng tn s mong mun
h
d
(n): hm p ng xung n v mong mun
h
d
(n) c chiu di v hn
chiu di h
d
(n) hu hn, ct h
d
(n) ti im n = M-1
Nhn h
d
(n) vi hm ca s w(n)
Ca s hnh ch nht
p ng xung mu ca b lc
Vi H
d
() cho trc, th W() c tc dng lm trn H
d
()
Mt W() tt khi
C thu chnh phi rng, cao hn nhiu so vi thu ph
w(n) khng nn gim xung 0 ti hai bn cnh
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ca s

=
0
) ( ) (
n
n j
d d
e n h H

=
=
otherwise
M n
n w
0
1 ,..., 1 , 0 1
) (

=
=
=
otherwise
M n n h
n w n h n h
d
d
0
1 ,.., 1 , 0 ) (
) ( ) ( ) (

d e H n h
n j
d d

= ) ( ) (
2
1

dv v W v H H
d
) ( ) ( ) (
2
1
2011
dc e
13 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ca s
Nhn xt:
- Thu chnh hp hn khi M tng
- Cc thu ph tng i ln so vi thu
chnh v khng thay i khi M tng
- Chiu cao thu ph tng khi M tng
) 2 / sin(
) 2 / sin(
1
1
) (
2 / ) 1 (
1
0

M
e
e
e
e W
M j
j
M j
M
n
n j

= =

<

=
=

0 ) sin( ) (
0 ) sin( ) (
) (
) sin(
) sin(
) (
2 2
1
2 2
1
2
2
M M
M M
M
W

rng ca thy chnh: 4 /M
[c o bi im zero u tin ca W()]
2011
dc e
15 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ly
mu tn s
H
d
() c nh ngha ti M im tn s cch u
2 1
2
2
1
2
( ) 0,1, ,
0,1, , 1
0|
M
k M
M
k k M le
k M chan

= + =
=
=

=
1
0
) ( ) (
M
n
n j
d d
e n h H

1 , , 1 , 0 ) ( ) (
1 , , 1 , 0 ) ( ) (
)] ( [ ) (
1
0
/ ) ( 2
1
1
0
/ ) ( 2
2
= + =
= = +
+ +

=
+

=
+
M n e k H n h
M k e n h k H
k H k H
M
k
M n k j
d M d
M
n
M n k j
d d
M d d

=0, 2 cng thc
ny chnh l cng thc
DFT v IDFT
) ( ) (
*
= + k M H k H
d d
Chui h(n) thc
Ch cn nh ngha H
d
() ti (M+1)/2 im khi M l
hoc ti M/2 im khi M chn
2011
dc e
16 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ly
mu tn s
Mu tn s
nh ngha cc mu tn s thc G(k+m)
Ty theo gi tr (0|) v (0|1), H(k) vh(n) s c cng thc n gin
V d khi =0 v =0
( )
| | M M k j
M r d
e k H k H
2 / ) 1 )( ( 2 2 /
2
) ( ) (
+
+ = +

0 { ( )}
1 { ( )}
h n doi xung
h n phandoi xung

( ) ) ( ) 1 ( ) (
2


+ = + k H k G
M r
k
| | M M k j jk
d
e e k G k H
2 / ) 1 )( ( 2 2 /
) ( ) (
+
+ = +


Vi
( )
) ( ) (
) 1 ( ) (
1 , , 1 , 0 ) ( ) (
2
/
k M G k G
H k G
M k e k G k H
M
k
r
k
M k j
=
=
= =

2 1
2
1
1
2
2
1
( ) (0) 2 ( )cos ( )
1
U
k
M
k
M
M
h n G G k n
M
khi M le
voi U
khi M chan

= + +
`
)

2011
dc e
17 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha Phng
php ti u
Bi ton xp x Chebyshev
Ti u: sai s xp x gia p ng t/s mong mun
v thc t phn b u trn passband v
stopband ti thiu ha cc sai s cc i
B lc c gn sng trong c passband v
stopband
2011
dc e
18 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ti u
Trng hp 1: p ng xung n v i xng v M l

=

+ =
2 / ) 3 (
0
2
1
2
1
) ( cos ) ( 2 ) ( ) (
M
n
M M
r
n n h h H

=
=
2 / ) 1 (
0
cos ) ( ) (
M
k
r
k k a H

=
=
=

2
1
2
1
2
1
, , 2 , 1 ) ( 2
0 ) (
) (
M M
M
k k h
k h
k

k = (M-1)/2 n
2011
dc e
19 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ti u
Trng hp 2: p ng xung n v i xng v M chn

=
1 2 /
0
2
1
) ( cos ) ( 2 ) (
M
n
M
r
n n h H

=
=
2 /
1
2
1
) ( cos ) ( ) (
M
k
r
k k b H
2 2
, , 2 , 1 ) ( 2 ) (
M M
k k h k b = =
k = M/2 n

=
=
1 2 /
0
2
cos ) ( ' cos ) (
M
k
r
k k b H

) ( 2 ) 1 ( '
2 , , 2 , 1 ) ( 2 ) 1 ( ' ) ( '
) 1 ( ) 0 ( '
2 2
2
2
1
M M
M
b b
k k b k b k b
b b
=
= = +
=

2011
dc e
20 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ti u
Trng hp 3: p ng xung n v phn i xng v M l

=
2 / ) 3 (
0
2
1
) ( sin ) ( 2 ) (
M
n
M
r
n n h H

=
=
2 / ) 1 (
1
sin ) ( ) (
M
k
r
k k c H
2
1
2
1
, , 2 , 1 ) ( 2 ) (

= =
M M
k k h k c
k = (M-1)/2 n

=
=
2 / ) 3 (
0
cos ) ( ' sin ) (
M
k
r
k k c H
) 1 ( ) 2 ( ' ) 0 ( '
2 ) ( 2 ) 1 ( ' ) 1 ( '
) ( 2 ) ( '
) ( ) ( '
2
1
2
5
2
3
2
5
2
1
2
3
c c c
k k c k c k c
c c
c c
M
M M
M M
= +
= +
=
=

2011
dc e
21 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ti u
Trng hp 4: p ng xung n v phn i xng v M
chn

=
1 2 /
0
2
1
) ( sin ) ( 2 ) (
M
n
M
r
n n h H

=
=
2 /
1
2
1
) ( sin ) ( ) (
M
k
r
k k d H
2 2
, , 2 , 1 ) ( 2 ) (
M M
k k h k d = =
k = M/2 n

=
=
1 2 /
0
2
cos ) ( ' sin ) (
M
k
r
k k d H

) 1 ( ) 1 ( ' ) 0 ( '
1 2 ) ( 2 ) ( ' ) 1 ( '
) ( 2 ) 1 ( '
2
1
2
2 2
d d d
k k d k d k d
d d
M
M M
=
=
=
2011
dc e
22 DSP Thit k B lc S 2011, inh c Anh V
B lc FIR tuyn tnh pha PP ti u
Tng qut
) ( ) ( ) ( P Q H
r
=
2
2
1 1
cos 2
( )
sin 3
sin 4
truong hop
truong hop
Q
truong hop
truong hop

=
=
L
k
k k P
0
cos ) ( ) (
( 1) / 2 1
/ 2 1 2
( 3) / 2 3
/ 2 1 4
M truong hop
M truong hop
L
M truong hop
M truong hop