Submitted to:Mr. HBhunia. Chemical Engg. Deptt. Thapar University.

Submitted By: Lalit sagar 100881006

Respected sir, Here is monthly report of the work which we did in the Jagatjit industries ltd. The projects which are given to us is design of distillation column. I have calculated no. of trays reqd for distillation column and overall tray efficiency.

With regards

Calculating VLE Data of the System by using Antoine equation

Antoine Equation , ln P v = A B/ (C + ) (1)

Data from literature : BP(oC) Ethanol Water 78.3 100 A 18.68233 18.5882 B 3667.70 3984.92 C 226.10 233.43

Raoults Law , p*A = x PvA where P

&

y = p*A / P

(2)

Total pressure (i.e. Operating Pressure)

p*A equilibrium partial pressure of the component A (ethanol) in vapors PvA Vapor Pressure of ethanol in the solution y* - Mole fraction of ethanol in the vapor phase x Mole fraction of ethanol in the liquid phase

P = Total pressure = Operating pressure of the column = 1.4 atm

TABLE 1 VLE Data for Ethanol-Water System at 1.4 atm T (oC) 88 X Y 0.94 0.97 90 0.81 0.91 92 0.69 0.84 94 0.59 0.77 96 0.50 0.69 98 0.41 0.60 100 0.32 0.51 102 0.25 0.42 104 0.17 0.32 106 0.11 0.21 108 0.045 0.094

STEP 1 : Equilibrium Relation in mole ratio unit

Taking temp

column

operating

temp.

avg

of

column

top

&

bottom

=> = ( 95 + 110 ) / 2 = 102.5 oC

Substituting values in equation (1) . => ln PvA = 18.68233 ( 3667.70 / (226.1 + 102.5) ) => ln PvA = 7.5207 => P vA = 1845. 9242 mm Hg PvA = 2.461 bar Acc. To Raoults Law , p*A = x PvA => y* = x P vA / P (3) => Py* = x P vA P = 1.4 atm = 1.4 bar PvA = 2.461 bar (by calculation)

&

y = p*A / P

Substituting the values in eqn (3) => (1.418)y* = x(2.461) => => y* = x (2.461/1.418) y* = 1.736 x (4)

The above is the equilibrium relation in terms of mole fractions

Now in terms of molar ratio , Y = y*/ (1 y*) => Y = 1.736x / (1 1.736x) => Y = 1.736 [ X/(1+X) ] / [ 1 1.736( X/(1+X)) ] => Y = 1.736X / (1 0.736X) (5) X = x / (1 x )

The above relation is the Equation for the Equilibrium Curve of the system

STEP 2 : Plotting the Equilibrium curve on the graph

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

0 0.0175 0.0352 0.0532 0.0715 0.0901 0.1089 0.1281 0.1476

Where, X & Y are Mole ratios of ethanol in the liquid & vapor phase

STEP 3 : Calculation of Theoretical no. of trays

( using Kremser Equation )

No. of plates = 8.04 i.e. 8 trays

Hence no. of theoretical trays or plates required in the Stripping Column = 8 trays

STEP 4:

Prediction of Overall Tray efficiency ( using OConnells Correlation )

Eo = 1.597 0.199log(mMLL /L) 0.0896[log(mMLL /L)]2

(6)

Where, Eo = Overall tray efficiency m = Henrys Law constant ML = Molecular weight of the liquid L = Viscosity of the liquid , in cP L = Density of the liquid , in lb/ft3

m = 1.9 x 102 mol/dm3 atm (Snider & Dawson [1985] ) = (1.9 x 102 )/ 0.36813 mol/ ft 3 atm => m = 5379.41 mol/ ft 3 atm Properties of the liquid at avg column temp = 102.5 oC L (102.5) = 0.2776 cP ML,avg(102.5) = 24.44 L(102.5) = 44.40 kmol/m3 = 43.6475 x 24.44/1000 = 1.0851 gm/cc = 67.741 lb/ ft 3

Substituting these values , we get log (mMLL/L) = log( 5379.41 x 24.44 x 0.2776 / 67.741) = log(538.77) = 2.731 Substituting in eqn (6) , Eo = 1.597 (0.199 x 2.731) (0.0896 x 2.7312 )2 = 0.3853 = 38.53 %

Hence , Overall tray efficiency = 38.53 %

Eo = theoretical no. of trays / actual no. of trays

=> Actual no. of trays = theoretical no. of trays / Eo = 8 / 0.3853 = 20.8 i.e. = 21 trays

Hence actual no. of trays in the Stripping Column are 21 trays