Cch y khong 4.

000 nm, Bc B v Bc Trung B, th lnh b lc Vn Lang dng nc Vn Lang, ng t xng Vua- gi l Hng Vng, kinh ng Phong Chu (Ph Th). Nc Vn Lang tn ti 2.621 nm v truyn c 18 i vua. Vo th k th III trc Cng nguyn, Th lnh b lc u Vit (sinh sng ch yu Vit Bc) st nhp vi Vn Lang lp ra nc u Vit. ng xng Vua ly hiu An Dng Vng v di t Phong Chu v Phong Khu (ng Anh - H Ni). Nc u Lc tn ti c 50 nm b bn phong kin phng Bc xm lc (qun Triu v sau l nh Trn) v cai tr sut 246 nm (207 trc Cng Nguyn - 39), s gi l thi k Bc thuc ln th I. Thng 3 nm 40, Trng Trc cng em l Trng Nh pht ng khi ngha M Linh, nhn dn theo Hai B rt ng. Trong thi gian ngn nh ui bn cai tr ng u l T nh. t nc c c lp, Trng Trc c suy tn lm Vua (Trng Vng). Sau nh Hn c M Vin sang xm lc. Hai B b tht bi phi nhy xung sng Ht t vn (5/43). t nc ta b bn phong kin phng Bc cai tr sut 501 nm (43 - 544), s gi l thi k Bc thuc ln th II. Trong thi k ny, nm 248, B Triu qu Thanh Ha ni dy khi ngha lm cho bn h hong s phi tp trung lc lng i ph; sau B cht ni Tng, khi ngha tht bi. Ma xun nm 542, L B qu Thi Bnh pht ng khi ngha, qut sch c bn phong kin phng Bc h ginh li c lp cho T quc. Nm 544 ng tuyn b dng nc Vn Xun, ln ngi hong v t xng l Nam , ng Long Bin. Sau Triu Quang Phc (Triu Vit Vng) tip tc xy dng nc Vn Xun. Nm 603, phong kin Phng Bc (nh Ty) li xm lc v cai tr nc ta sut 336 nm (603 - 939), s gi l thi k bc thuc ln th III. Nm 938, Ng Quyn qu ng Lm (H Ty) lnh o nhn dn ta nh tan qun Nam Hn trn sng Bch ng. Vi chin thng ny kt thc hon ton thi k mt nc ko di hn 1000 nm. Mt thi k c lp lu di ca dn tc bt u. Nm 944, sau khi Ng Quyn mt th xy ra loi 12 s qun. n nm 968, inh B Lnh qu Hoa L (Ninh Bnh) dp c lon 12 s qun thng nht li t nc, lp ta triu i nh inh, ng ln ngi hong , t tn nc l i C Vit, ng Hoa L. Nm 979, inh Tin Hong cht, triu nh suy tn thp o tng qun L Hon ln lm vua, lp ra triu i Tin L. Trong thi k ny c cuc khng chin chng qun phong kin phng Bc xm lc (nh Tng) thng li. Nm 1009, sau khi L Long nh cht, triu nh suy tn 1 v tng cao cp l L Cng Un, ngi lng C Thp (H Bc) ln lm vua, lp ra triu i nh L. Nm 1010 L Thi T di t Hoa L v i La v i tn l Thng Long, t tn nc l i Vit. Nh L tn ti 215 nm (1010 - 1225), truyn c 9 i vua. Trong thi k ny, nm 1077 L Thng Kit nh thng qun Tng xm lc Sng Cu, nn c lp nc ta c gi vng. Nm 1226, do s b tr ca Trn Th , L Chiu Hong nhng ngi cho chng l Trn Cnh. Trn Cnh ln ngi Hong , lp ra triu i nh Trn. Nh Trn tn ti 175 nm (1226 - 1400), truyn c 13 i vua, vn c ly tn nc l i Vit kinh l Thng Long. Thi Trn, nhn dn ta ba ln chin thng qun Nguyn - Mng xm lc: ln th nht nm 1258, ln th II nm 1285, ln th III nm 1287.

T cui th k XIV, triu Trn suy vong, phong tro nng dn khi ngha bng n khp ni. Trc tnh hnh , H Qu Ly - mt qu tc trong triu p vua Trn nhng ngi cho mnh lp ra triu H. H Qu Ly, ln ngi Hong - t tn nc l i Ngu (ng Ty - Thanh ha). Sau bn phong kin Phng Bc (nh Minh) li ko 20 vn qun xm lc nc ta. H Qy Ly b bt v b gii v Trung Quc. Nhn dn ta khng chu khut phc, nm 1416 theo L Li lm cuc khi ngha Lam Sn. Khi ngha Lam Sn thng li, L Li lp ra triu i nh L. Nh L tn ti 99 nm (1428 - 1527), truyn c 11 i vua, t tn nc l i Vit, kinh l Thng Long nhng i tn l ng . Nm 1527, Mc ng Dung - mt v quan triu L cp ngi, lp ra triu nh Mc, nhng nhiu cu thn nh L khng chu thun phc v ni dy khp ni. Nm 1533, Nguyn Kim tm dng di nh L tn ln lm Vua, lp ra nh Hu L. Nh Hu L tn ti c 255 nm (1533 - 1789), truyn c 17 i Vua. Nhng Vua ch b nhn, quyn hnh trong tay Nguyn Kim, khi Nguyn Kim cht, quyn hnh ri vo tay con r l Trnh Kim. Con trai ca Nguyn Kim l Nguyn Hong vo pha nam tp hp lc lng, n nm 1627 th khng thun phc h Trnh na, v vy xy ra cuc chin tranh Trnh - Nguyn. Kt qu khng tiu dit c nhau, h Trnh - Nguyn chia ct t nc thnh hai min, ly sng Gianh lm gii tuyn. Tnh trng ny ko di hng trm nm. Nm 1771 ba anh em: Nguyn Nhc, Nguyn L v Nguyn Hu pht ng cuc khi ngha Ty Sn. Nm 1783 tiu dit c tp on h Nguyn ng trong; nm 1788 lt c tp on h Trnh nh hu L ng ngoi. t nc tr li thng nht. Khi triu i Ty Sn mi thnh lp, thng 11 nm 1788 nh mn Thanh sai Tn S Ngh dn 20 vn qun sang xm lc nc ta. Ngy 22/12/1788 Nguyn Hu ln ngi Hong , ly nin hiu l Quang Trung v lp tc ko qun thn tc ra Bc tiu dit qun Thanh. Ngy 30/01/1789 Quang Trung tiu dit qun ch Ngc Hi, Khng Thng ri tin vo thnh Thng Long. Tn S Ngh hong ht ko qun ra sng Hng, Khng Thng ri tin vo thnh Thng Long. Tn S Ngh hong ht ko qun ra Sng Hng, tho chy thc mng v nc. Cuc xm lc ca Mn Thanh b p tan. Triu i Ty Sn tn ti 14 nm, truyn c 13 i vua, ng Ph Xun (Hu). Trong khi Quang Trung tin hnh xy dng li t nc th con chu nh Nguyn l Nguyn nh cu vin nc Php chng li nh Ty Sn. n nm 1802 th lt nh Ty Sn v lp ra triu i nh Nguyn. Nh Nguyn tn ti 143 nm (1802- 1945), truyn 13 i vua, ng Ph Xun nhng i tn l Hu, t tn nc l Vit Nam. Ngy 1/9/1858 thc dn php bt u xm lc nc ta, n nm 1884 chng chim xong nc ta. Ta di s lnh o ca ng v lnh t H Ch Minh ni dy u tranh, lm nn cuc cch mng thng Tm thnh cng nm 1945, kt thc hn 80 nm n l cho thc dn Php. Ngy 02/9/1945 Bc H c bn tuyn ngn c lp ti qung trng Ba nh lch s, khai sinh ra nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ha. Nhng thc dn Php quay li xm lc nc ta ln na. Nhn dn Vit Nam nghe theo ting gi ca ng v Bc H kin tr u tranh trong cuc khng chin 9 nm (1945 - 1954), t ngy 18/3 n 07/5/1954 qun v dn ta ginh thng li to ln in Bin ph, tiu dit v bt sng 16.200 tn ch, bt sng Tng Cttri, buc thc dn Php phi k hip nh Genve v ng Dng. Ha bnh lp li nhng nc ta cn tm thi chia ct hai min, ly v tuyn 17 lm gii tuyn. Nhn dn min Nam kin tr y mnh cuc u tranh chng quc M v tay sai. Nhn dn min Bc nh tan chin tranh ph hoi bng khng qun ca quc M. Thng 3/1975, t chin thng Ban M Thut Ty Nguyn n cc chin thng cc tnh min Trung v Nam b, ngy 30/4/1975, qun i nhn dn Vit Nam anh hng chim dinh c Lp, gii phng Si Gn, kt thc chin dch H Ch Minh lch s, ginh c thng li cui cng, qut sch l cp nc v bn nc ra khi b ci, t nc thng nht.

Nm 1976, Quc hi i tn nc ta thnh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Hin nay nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam ang vng bc trn con ng i mi vi mc tin Dn giu, nc mnh, x hi cng bng vn minh.