49-awmfveS a

f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,

f m&D

“49-awmf v S e f a &;rsKd ; quf w OD ; .b0'k d i f , m&D ”

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(Tay;pmyg azmf j ycsuf r S m trS m r[k w f y g? ay;pmyg
tcsuf t vuf r sm;uk d &J a bmf x G e f ; .cG i f h j yKcsuf t &
aumuf E k w f a zmf j yvk d u f j cif ; om jzpf y gonf )

&JabmfcifnKdæ
-&J a bmf a wG a &;wmawG e J @ ywf o uf + yD ; wnf ;
jzwfwm/ trSmpma&;ay;wm u|efawmfhtaeeJ@ rvkyf
oifhbl;vkd@ qkH;jzwfxm;ygw,f? 'Dvkdqkdvkd@ wrsKd; rxif
apcsifyg? u|efawmfhpOf;pm;csufuæ
-tckwcg A/S (vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;) u
U/G okd@ ul;wm jzpfw,f? 1945eJ@ c|wfpGwf rwlayr,fh
wcsKd@ae&mrSm wlw,f? 1945 wkef;u A/S u O/G
okd@ ul;wm jzpfw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u toufi,f=uao;
w,f? wcsKd@ ausmif;jyefwuf=uw,f? trsm;pk}uD;u
(Part-timer) tjzpfeJ@ ygwDvkyfief;vkyfw,f? tenf;pkyJ
‘csdefjynfh’(whole-timer) vkyf+yD; bkH&dyfomrSm aew,f?
tm;vkH; avmufu vlysKd tysKd vlvGwfawGcsnf; jzpfw,f?
0goemygolawGu 0wˆK/ aqmif;yg; a&;w,f? owif;
axmufvkyfw,f? tJ'Dvkd uavmifaoG;=u&if; wcsKd@
1
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
pma&;q&m jzpfoGm;=uw,f? olwkd@wawGa&;wmrSm ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;u
0if+yD; wnf;jzwfwm/ trSma&;ay;wm rvkyfygbl;? eD;pyf&mu t}uHay;
wmyJ vkyfw,f?
- tckawmh A/S u U/G ul;wm jzpfw,f? &JabmfawGvnf;
touf }uD;=u+yD? b0jzwfoef;r_ rsm;w,f? vlysKd tysKd vlvGwfawGvnf;
r[kwf=ubl;? uvmyfpnf;vkyfief;(ygwD0ifb0jzwfoef;r_)vnf; rvkyf
Ekdif=ubl;? 0goemygolawG pma&;apcsifw,f?
0wˆK/ uAsm/ aqmif;yg; ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;eJ@ a&;apcsifw,f? oa&mfpm
a&;wJhvlvnf; &Sdapcsifw,f?
-&JabmfawG a&;wmrSefor#ukd av;av;pm;pm; zwfygw,f?
ygwD0ifb0jzwfoef;r_(rdrdwkd@&J@tawG;tac:ukdygwDtzGJ@tpnf;okd@ “ykH
tyf”wifjyr_) vkd@ oabmxm;+yD; zwfygw,f? a0zefp&m&Sd&if a0zefzkd@
pOf;pm;xm;ygw,f? tcktxdawmh a0zefp&m rawG@yg? aumif;ygw,f?
-trSm a&;ray;Ekdifwmukd cGifhv$wfapcsifw,f? wckyJ ajymcsif
vmw,f? cifAsm;&J@ b0jzwfoef;r_u rsm;ygw,f? A[kdeJ@ jynfe,faumf
rwD&J@ txl;wm0efawGukd xrf;aqmifcJh&wmawG &Sdw,f? v#Kd@0Sufa&;
owdjyKapcsifw,f? awmxJu rvGwfao;cifrSm toHus,fus,f ray;
oifhygbl;?
“ytk d @ 0f a umf r &S i f ” ud p P u k d a&;Ek d i f y gw,f ? 'D v k y f e nf ; u
OuUÏocifoef;xGef;&J@ xkd;xGif;wDxGifr_ jzpfw,f? wyfaygif;pk vkyfenf;wck
jzpfw,f? “ytkd@0faumfr&Sif” zGJ@ay;ovkd “aygifa,mif aumfr&Sif”vnf;
zGJ@ay;cJhw,f? Adkvf=unfeJ@ AkdvfxGef;v_dif (tm&S vli,f)ukd acgif;aqmif
wifapcJhw,f? (aygifa,mifqkdwm ucsifukd ajymwmyJ)
wyfaygif;pkvkyfief;ukd ArmjynfawmfvSefa&;tajctaet& ykHpH
trsKd;rsKd; xkd;xGif;wDxGif vkyf=u&OD;rSmyJvkd@ xifygw,f?
tav;eDjzifhæ
&JabmfxGef;
30-5-2006

2
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
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(TtrSmukd “ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay”tzGJ@ukd,fpm;
tvkyftzGJ@0ifwOD;u a&;om;jcif; jzpfygonf)

xkdpOfuyif olonf touf(60) ausmfaecJhav+yD? okd@aomf ygwD

ay;aomwm0efukd &$ifvef;wufºupGm xrf;aqmifzkd@ ol xGufvmcJhonf
rSm u|efawmfwkd@ twk,lzG,f pHerlemaumif;ukd pkdufxljyoonfhES,f
&Sdaeonf?
t&G , f E S i f h r vk d u f a tmif ol o nf Ek y sKd q J / zswf v wf q J ? &S r f ;
awmifwef;.awmifjrifh}uD;rsm; wuf&onfhtcgwGifrl 0g;ukdif;av;awG
ckwf+yD; awmifa0S;ozG,ftokH;jyKum oGm;vmwwfonf? &efol@a'o
jzwftvm vrf;wGif olpD;vmaom armfawmfum; arSmufcJhojzifh '%f
&mtemw& jzpfvmcJhao;onf? xkd@jyif wkdufyGJwcktwGif; aoewfxd
rSefcJhaom '%f&ma[mif;uvnf; wcgwcg ol@ukd 'kuQay;aewwfonf?
i,fpOf-uav;omom t&G,favmufup+yD; ol@b0oufwrf;.tcsdef
trsm;yk d i f ; wG i f ajymuf u sm;ppf o nf b 0tjzpf jzwf o ef ; vmcJ h & aom
olonf u|efawmfwkd@ukd vkyfief;wm0eft& acgif;aqmifr_ay;Ekdif±kHomru
ajymuf u sm;tawG @ t}uKH t &vnf ; oif = um;vrf ; !¸ e f a y;Ek d i f o l jzpf
avonf?
awmifay:oGm;vrf;wGif oGm;vmae&if;rS olu ae&mwcsKd@ukd
vufn‡kKd;xkd; !¸efjy&if; b,fae&mrSm b,fwkef;u wkdufyGJjzpfcJhwm/ &efol
b,fESpfa,mufusoGm;+yD; aoewfb,fESpfvuf &cJhw,f? [kdae&mrSm
wkdufyGJjzpfwkef;uawmh ygwD&J@ om;aumif; &wem &Jabmf( ) [m
ol&Jaumif; yDopGm usqkH;oGm;cJhw,fæpojzihf ajymjy wwfonf? 48-

3
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
49 awmf v S e f a &;rsKd ; quf a [mif ; wOD ; jzpf o jzif h ygwD . awmf v S e f a &;
orkdif;twGif;rS olodxm;aom ta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufrsm;rSm
pk H v if r sm;jym;vS a yonf ? wk d u f y G J t a=umif ; ES i f h o l & J a umif ; yD o aom
tmZmenf&Jabmfrsm;ta=umif;awGukd u|efawmfwkd@rSm em;axmifI r+iD;
Ekdifatmif &SdcJh&avonf?
u|efawmfwkd@awmifxdyfay: a&mufonfhtckdufrSmyif rkd;u oJoJ
rJrJ &Gmcsvmonf? u|efawmfwkd@tm;vkH; tpdrf;a&mifrkd;umprsm; +cKHxm;
=uonf? awmifxdyf.wbufwGif acsmufurBm;}uD;? acsmufurBm;.
atmufajcwGif ta0;qDrSm ao;ao;r#ifr#ifuav;ESifh a¹rvdrfa¹raumuf
wGef@vdyfauG@0kduf pD;qif;oGm;aom bDvl;acsmif;ukd rkd;a&pufrsm;t=um;rS
jrifae&onf?
u|efawmfwkd@bufurf; awmif.atmufajcvGifjyif&Sd &Gmuav;
rsm;ukdvnf; u|efawmfwkd@ vSrf;jrifae&onf? [kd&Gm&J@emrnfu bm&Gm/
tJ'D[kdbuf&Gmu bm&Gm pojzihf olu ajymjyaeonf? xkd&Gmuav;
rsm;qDokd@ u|efawmfwkd@ OD;wnfoGm;=u&rnf jzpfavonf?

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&Gmi,fav; toD;oD;wGif u|efawmfwkd@ jrifawG@od&Sd&onfrsm;rSm
pdwf0ifpm;p&mawGcsnf;om? yxr0ifawG@aom&GmrS ol@ukd c&D;OD;}uKdjyK+yD;
u|efawmfwkd@ukd xrif; {nfhcHau|;arG;olrSm tem}uD;a&m*gonfwOD;?
onfyk*~Kdvfonf acwftqufqufuwnf;u awmfvSefa&;ukd tultnD
ay;vmcJhol jzpfa=umif; olu &Sif;jyonf? olonf oef@&Sif;oyf,yfpGm
aexkdifavh&SdolwOD;jzpfaomfvnf; onftem}uD; a&m*gonfESifh enf;enf;
av;rS wGef@qkwf[efrjybJ/ rsufESmwcsufav;rS rysufbJ xrif;w0kdif;
wnf; tm;yg;w& +rdefa&&Sufa±cJhonf? onfvkdrsKd; tem}uD; a&m*g
onfqkdonfukd wcgrS rjrifrawG@zl;onfh &Jabmfav;w,mufurl wtHh
w=o ai;arm=unfh±_ae&Smavonf?
bDvl;acsmif;urf;yg;aomifajcOD;rS &Gmuav;w&GmwGif u|efawmf

4
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wkd@ ntdyfwnf;ckd=uonf? wnf;ckdtdrfrS ta':}uD;wOD;onf oem;pzG,f
pdwfa0'em cHpm;ae&&Smol wOD; jzpfavonf? “&efukef pdwfa&m*gukaq;
±kHrSm oGm;uk+yD;+yD? a&m*g aysmufuif;roGm;bl;”[k olu ajymjyonf?
onftdrf&Sifa&m/ wtdrfom;vkH;ESifhyg olu &if;ESD;ae+yD; ol@aqGrsKd;om;
csif;rsm;.tdrfyrm jzpfaeonf?
“bmvkd@ pdwfaemufoGm;&wmvJ”
“'D&Gmem; ykef;atmif;aewJh u|efawmfwkd@&Jabmfwa,mufukd
ppfwyfu zrf;ac:vm+yD; 'Dtdrfay:rSmwif ESdyfpufppfaq;=uw,f? ol@rsuf
pda&S@wif 'Dvkd vlrqefatmif ESdyfpufppfaq;wmawG jrifawG@cJh&vkd@ pdwf
aemufoGm;wmyJ”
“'D&Jabmfaum aemufawmh b,fvkd jzpfoGm;ovJ”
“'D&Jabmf[m ar;or# bmrSrazmfwJhtwGuf ppfwyfu bDvl;
acsmif;xJrSm armfawmfaemufu }uKd;eJ@qGJ/ armfawmfukd armif;+yD; ESdyfpuf
n‡if;yef;cJhvkd@ 'D&Jabmf *k%fajymifpGm usqkH;oGm;cJhw,f”
“ab;u jrifae&wJh jynfolwOD;awmif pdwfaemufoGm;wJhtxd
jzpf o G m ;&w,fqkdawmh ppftpkd; &wyfawG b,f a vmuf , k w f rm±k d i f ; ys
cJh=uovJqkdwm u|efawmfwkd@ rSef;=unfhvkd@ &ygw,f? 'Da'ou jynf
olawG&J@ b0[mvnf; jynfwGif;ppftwGif;rSm 'kuQtzkHzkH cg;pnf;cHcJh&wJh
b0 b,favmuf tonf;emp&mp&m aumif;vkdufrvJ”
“'kuQawG cg;pnf;cHvm=u&wJh jynfolawG[m 'DjynfwGif;ppf
=um;rSmyJ tonf;vnf; rm/ t±kd;vnf; rmvm=uw,f? cke &Jabmfvkd
armfawmfaemufrSm }uKd;eJ@ qGJ+yD; a&ESpftowfcHoGm;&wJh jynfolawG/
wjcm;ESdyfpufn‡if;yef;r_trsKd;rsKd;cH+yD; toufay;oGm;=u&wJh jynfolawG
'Da'o 'Dywf0ef;usifrSmukd trsm;}uD; &Sdw,f? 'gayrhJ jynfolawG[m
a=umuf&GH@+yD; aemufqkwfoGm;wm vkH;vkH; r&Sdbl;? ppftpkd;&tay: rkef;wD;r_
ykd}uD;vm+yD; awmfvSefa&;ukd ykdrkd ulnDvm=uw,f? olwkd@ukd,fwkdif awmf
vSefa&;ukd tultnDay;±kHru olwkd@om;orD;awGukdyg awmfvSefa&; wyf
ukd ay;vSLvm=uw,f? ol&Jaumif;jynfolawGqkdwm 'gyJAs”

5
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
olu tm;rmefygyg &Sif;jycJhavonf? jynfolawG. tm;aumif;
csufrsm;ukd b,f&Gmu jynfolawGu awmfvSefa&;ESifh b,fokd@b,fykHaygif;
pyfyg0ifcJha=umif; &Gmemrnf/ vlemrnfESifhwuG tao;pdwfajymjyonf?
aemufw&GmwGifrlum; olonf tmZmenf&Jabmf.usef&pfol
ZeD;onf/ tmZmenf&JabmfwcsKd@.aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;/ awmfvSefa&;
vkyfazmfukdifzuf &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;æpolawGESifh awG@qkH+yD; ESpfodrfhpum;
rsm;/ tm;ay;pum;rsm; ajym=um;aeavonf? olrSm=um;vkdufojzifh
ta0;a'orSyif ol@xH vma&mufawG@qkHaom tmZmenf.ZeD;onf/
aqGrsKd;om;csif; ponfrsm;ukdvnf; awG@&SdcJh&ygonf?
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u|efawmfwkd@onf a0;vHvSaom c&D;pOfukd &ufaygif;rsm;pGm
jzwfoef;+yD; awmawGawmifawG/ acsmif;ajrmif;awG tqifhqifh jzwfausmf
um aemufqkH;wGif OD;wnfxm;onfh ae&mokd@ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhavonf?
r[mrdwftzGJ@wzGJ@. OuUÏ}uD;ukd,fwkdifu ol@ukd tvGefcifrif
&if;ESD;pGm ayG@zuf}uKdqkdvmonfukd awG@&aomtcg txl;tHh=ojcif; rjzpfrd
awmhyg? r[mrdwftzGJ@ tpnf;tjzpf jzpfwnfckdifcHhvmatmif }uKd;yrf;&m
rSm olukd,fwkdif eD;eD;uyfuyf xJxJ0if0if vufwGJvkyfaqmifyg0ifcJhonf
omru awmfvSefa&;.twuftqif;/ tauG@taumuf/ tcuftcJ
umvrsKd;pkHY wzGJ@ESifhwzGJ@ wOD;ESifhwOD; az;rulnD+yD; rkefwkdif;xJrSm twl
&yfwnfvm=uoltcsif;csif; awG@qkHaejcif;jzpfonfqkdonfukd em;vnf
oabmaygufrdI jzpfygonf?
Tr[mrdwftzGJ@wzGJ@wnf;uomruyg? r[mrdwftzGJ@ toD;
oD;u OuUÏ/ twGif;a&;rSL;ponfholwkd@ESifh ppfa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf
ol@tay: av;av;pm;pm;&Sdovkd cifrif&if;ESD;pGm qufqH=uonff? olwkd@
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. jy\emrsm;ukdyif olESifhwkdifyif+yD; t}uH^m%fawmif;
cH=uonfukdvnf; awG@&onf? &Srf;jynfe,f Tajymufusm;a'orsm;ESifh
awmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@toD;oD;=um;wGif ygwD.*k%f=oZm }uD;rm;cJhygonf?
Ttv,fykdif;a'oY olonfvnf; vlyk*~Kdvft& *k%foduQm pkdufxlxm;

6
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
Ekdifolacgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfa=umif; teD;uyfawG@xdcJh&ygonf?
rnfokd@qkdap/ olonf ygwD.ay:vpDESifh !¸ef=um;csufrsm;t&
om ajymqkd vkyfukdifcJhayonf? r[mrdwftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGufvnf;
aumif;rGefaom pdwf&if; apwemrsm;ESifh t}uH^m%frsm; ay;cJhavonf?
ajymufusm;a'o tavhtusifhrsm; ol u|rf;0ifykdifEkdifr_&Sda=umif;
txl;a&;zGJ@p&m rvkdawmhyg? tcsufwcsufukdawmh pdwfrSm ay:vmojzifh
azmfjyvkdufygOD;rnf? wcgu u|efawmfwkd@ &Gmw&GmteD; awmifay:pcef;
wae&mY pcef;csaepOf &GmxJ &efol0ifvm+yD; u|efawmfwkd@ &Sdaernfh
ae&mukd ppfaq;ar;jref;aeygonf? xkdtckduf u|efawmfwkd@pcef;bufqD
ajy;vmaomajcoHrsm; =um;&aomtcg olonf ppfa&;tawG@t}uKH
r&Sdao;aom&Jabmfrsm;ukd vkH+cKH&mokd@ ta&Smifckdif;vkduf+yD; olESifh &Jabmf
wcsKd@om &efolukd ckcH&ef usef&pfcJhygonf? acgif;aqmifau'g}uD; wOD;jzpf
aomfvnf;/ touft&G,f onfr#axmufae+yDjzpfaomfvnf; ta&;
ta=umif;umvY onfpdwf"mwfrsKd; azmfjyonfukd awG@&ojzifh csD;usL;
tm;&rdygonf?
Tajymufusm;a'oukd rpGef@cGmcJhrDumvu aemuffqkH; tjzpf
tysufuav;ukdvnf; azmfjyvdkygao;onf? rdcifA[kdu u|efawmfwkd@ukd
rD;eDjyI jyefvnf ac:,lvkdufay+yD? olonf b0wav#mufvkH; ygwDukd
emcHvmcJhonfh om;aumif;wOD; jzpfa=umif;vnf; u|efawmf odxm;yg
onf? okd@&mwGif cspfvSpGmaomTjynfolrsm;tay:/ Ta& Tajr/ T
awmawmif/ Tjrpfacsmiftif;tkdifESifh T&Jabmfrsm;ukd ausmckdif;xm;
&pfcJh&rSmæaemuf+yD; ukdifpGJxm;&onfh vufeufwkd@ukd xm;ypfcJh&rSmæ
oltvGef pdwfxdckdufa=uuGJae&Smygonf? ol. Tpdwf"mwfukd &Jabmf
awGu em;vnf=uygonf?
Ta'o. rkd;oufrkefwkdif;awG b,favmuf jyif;xefjyif;xef
ol qufvuf }uH@}uH@cH &yfwnfaeOD;rnfqkdaom oabmrsKd; ol@pdwfrSm
jyif;jyif;xefxef wif;wif;rmrm &Sdaeygonf? okd@aomfæ? &JabmfawGESifh
taus tvnf aqG;aEG;=u&ygonf? aemufqkH;wGifrlæygwD !¸ef=um;csuf

7
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
twkdif;æ
· · · · · ·
,cktcsdefwGif olonf touf(70) ausmfae+yD? okd@aomf usef;
rmoefpGrf;qJ? ol@tdyfcef;/ ol@tdyf&mwkd@ukd oef@&Sif;oyf&yfpGm jyifqifxm;
±kHru ajymufusm;orm;yDyD onfvkd òr@ay:rSm aexkdifpOfumvrSmyif
ta&;}uD;aom ol@ypPnf;uav;rsm;ygonfh ausmykd;tdwfESifh wykdifwEkdif
tdwfuav;rsm;ukd toifhjyifqifxm;wwfavonf? ajymufusm; ppf
onfawmftjzpf b0wav#mufvkH; jzwfoef;usifvnfvmcJhol r[kwf
ygvm;?
ol@ta=umif; a&;p&mtrsm;}uD;&Sdaomfvnf; ol@ ±kyfykHvGmukd
rSef;qzrf;rdEkdifatmif u|efawmfu aq;puftenf;i,fjzifh wkd@xdjznfhpGuf
ay;jcif;om jzpfygonf?
ol E S i f h awmawG a wmif a wG x J twl o G m ;vmaepOf u yif ol @
tawG@t}uKHrsm;ukd pmjzifh a&;om;rSwfwrf;wifxm;oifha=umif; u|ef
awmft}uHay;wkdufwGef;cJhzl;ygonf? wjcm;&Jabmfrsm;uvnf; wkdufwGef;
cJh=uygonf? ,ckaomf vufawG@taumiftxnf ay:vmcJhay+yD?
· · · · · ·
Armjynf.pmayY txˆKy`wWd pmtkyfrsm; tvGefenf;yg;cJhav
onf?
acgif;aqmifrsm;ta=umif;ESifhpyfvsOf;I txˆKy`wWd pmtkyfrsm;ESifh
txˆKy`wWd oabmaqmifaom pmtkyfrsm; wcsKd@wav&SdcJhonf? Oyrm-
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ta=umif;/ AkdvfrSL;Axl;ta=umif;/ ocifukd,fawmf
rSKdif;ta=umif;/ponfrSonf awmfvSefa&;. &efol Akdvfae0if; ta=umif;
txd? tjcm; txˆKy`wWdpmayxJrS xif&Sm;aompmtkyfrSm *sme,f ausmfrr
av;. “olvkdvl”pmtkyfyif? TpmtkyfwGif *sme,fausmfrrav;u olcif
yGef;onf.txˆKy`wWdukd arwWmpdwfjzifh vSypGm zGJ@EGJ@a&;jc,fxm;avonf?
odef;azjrifh .“ausmf+idrf;”pmtkyfrSmum; orkdif;jzpfpOftwGif;u EkdifiHa&;
orm;wOD;. ±kyfykHv$mukd (vlyk*~Kdvft& csD;usL;xkdufol/ av;pm; xkdufol

8
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
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ArmjynfwGif ax±ky`wWdpmtkyfwcsKd@xkwfa0=uonfawmh &Sdonf?
wjynfvkH; ausmfapmaom q&mawmfrsm;. ax±ky`wWdpmtkyfrsm;omru
&yf&Gma'otvkduf =unfnKdr_t& xkwfa0=uaom ax±ky`wWdpmtkyf
rsm;vnf; &Sdonf?
Armjynf.enf;yg;vSaom txˆkKy`wWdpmayxJwGif ukd,fwkdifa&;
txˆKy`wWdpmaytrsKd;tpm; pmtkyfrsm;rSm ykdenf;onf? xif&Sm;aom
pmtkyfrsm;tjzpf yDrkdeif;. yDrkdeif;/'*kefwm&m.'*kefwm&m/ ocifazaX;
.ocifazaX;/ a&$Oa'gif;.woufwmrSwfwrf;ESifh tawG;tac: æpojzifh
&S d = uavonf ? Ad k v f r S L ;cspf a umif ; .“tES p f ES p f q ,f ” / od e f ; azjrif h .
“ppftwGif; c&D;onf”/ocifwifjr.“bkHb0rSmjzifh”wkd@rSm txˆKy`wWd
trnfcHrxm;aom ukd,fwkdifa&; EkdifiHa&;b0tawG@t}uKHrSwfwrf;yif
jzpfonf? AdkvfrSL;cspfaumif;.“tESpf ESpfq,f”pmtkyfrSm ol@b0EkdifiH
a&;tawG@t}uKHukd &oajrmufatmif zGJ@qdkEkdifojzifh pma&;q&m tawmf
rsm;rsm;. t}ukKdufqkH; pmtkyf(10) pm&if;wGif xdyfqkH;wef;rS ae&m,l
EkdifcJhavonf? u|efawmfwkd@ygwDrS acgif;aqmifwOD;jzpfaom AkdvfrSL;csKyf
a[mif;ausmfaZm. ukd,fa&;txˆKy`wWdpmtkyfukd twGJvkdufcGJI xkwf
a0aeayonf?
wcsKd@ b0txˆKy`wWdpmayrsm; r*~Zif;rsm;wGif azmfjy+yD; aemifrS
pmtkyftjzpf xGufvmonfvnf; &Sdonf? wcsKd@rSm tEkynm&oajrmuf
pGm a&;zGJ@xm;Ekdifonf? EkdifiHa&;pmayxJu xif&Sm;aom ukd,fa&;tawG@
t}uKHpmtkyfrSm avxD;OD;tkef;armif. “tESpf 50 =umaomtcg” jzpf
onf ? &opmayxJ u pd e f p d e f . “c&D ; 0uF y g”wG i f tem}uD ; a&m*g
onf t jzpf ol @ b0ta=umif ; a&;jc,f x m;onf r S m tvG e f u ±k % m
oufp&m jzpfonf? ywWjrm;cifu “uifr&mukdifcJh&aom usrb0”ukd
ra[oDr*~Zif;wGif tcef;qufa&;om;azmfjycJhonfrSmvnf; omrefb0
jzpf p Of t awG @ t}uKH o mjzpf a yr,f h ta&;tzG J @ aumif ; ojzif h zwf v k d @
aumif;vSonf? ta&;tom;aumif;aom rmrmat;u ol@b0 jzpf&yf

9
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
av;rsm;ukd wifjycJhovkd jzLoDuvnf; ±kyf&Sifaw;uAsm r*~Zif;wGif
“usrb0.trSwfw&rsm;”ukd a&;aeqJjzpfonf? tqkdawmfrsm;onf
vnf; zGJ@EGJ@a&;jc,fwwf=uavonf? cifaqGOD;u uvsmr*~Zif; wGif“æESifh
usr”acgif;pOfjzifh a&;om;aeonfrSmvnf; ol@b0±kyfykHv$mxJrS tpdwf
tykdif; yGifhcsyfv$muav;rsm;yif jzpfonf? jynfolcspfaom pma&;q&m
r}uD; vlxka':trm. “u|efra&;aom ol@b0 vlxkOD;vS”ukd a&$ tjrK
aw ±kyfpkHr*~Zif;wGif tcef;qufazmfjyae+yD; aemifwGif pmtkyftjzpf zwf±_
=u&ayvdrfhrnf?
tpk d ; &ppf w yf r S t+id r f ; pm; ppf t &m&S d a [mif ; wcsKd @ uvnf ;
ol@wkd@b0ESifh tawG@t}uKHrsm;ukd rSwfwrf;wif a&;zGJ@+yD; pmtkyfrsm;xkwf
a0vm=uonfukdvnf; awG@&onf? Oyrm-AkdvfrSL;}uD;a[mif; oef;wif
.“ppfqifa&;+yD; ppfqifa&;”/ twGJvkduf xkwfa0aom aomif;a0OD;.
“ppfom;b0trSwfw&rsm;”ponfwkd@ jzpfonf?
,ck aemufykdif;wGif txˆKy`wWd qefqefpmtkyfrsm;/ b0rSwfwrf;
ta=umif;t&mrsm; ykdrkd rsm;jym;vmonf[k qkd&rnfxifonf? b0rSwf
wrf;av;rsm;wGifvnf; wcsKd@u arwWma&;&mukd OD;pm;ay; zGJ@qkdonf?
wcsKd@u b0avmu"Hukd o±kyfazmfonf? wcsKd@u EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ tay:
tajccHonf? a&;om;ol yk*~ dKvftvkduf ta=umif;t&mrsm; uGJjym;
ae=uayvdrfhrnf? rnfokd@qkdap txˆKy`wWdpmay zGH@òz;pnfyifvmapa&;
twG u f taxmuf t ul j yKay;Ek d i f o nf h p mtk y f r sm; ta&twG u f r sm;
vmv#ifrl }uKdqkd&ayrnf? ukd,fwkdifa&; txˆKy`wWdpmtkyfwkdif;onf tvGef
xl;c|efaom yk*~KdvfausmfwOD;u ol@ta=umif; pHerlem,lzG,f taumif;
rsm;csnf; wifjyaeonf[lI rSwf,lrxm;oifhyg? a&$Oa'gif;. “wouf
wmrSwfwrf;ESifhtawG;tac:rsm;”pmtkyf ,ckwkdif vl}uKdufrsm; ausmf
=um;aejcif;rSm ol@ta=umif; taumif;awGcsnf; wifjyxm;I r[kwfyg?
ol@ta=umif; taumif;a&m tqkd;yg ºu,f0pkHvifonfhb0tawG@t}uKH
rsm;ukd &oajrmufpGm tvGefaumif;rGefonfhpum;ajyjzifh a&;zGJ@xm;onfh
twGuf jzpfygonf?

10
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
&JabmfcifnKd.TpmtkyfrSmvnf; pHerlem,lzG,f acgif;aqmif
wOD;. txˆKy`wWdtjzpf wifjya&;om;jcif; r[kwfa=umif; olukd,fwkdif
azmfjyxm;ygonf? ol@.awmfvSefa&;b0c&D;ukd ±kd;om;pGm rSwfwrf;wif
xm;jcif;om jzpfygonf? okd@&mwGif ol. awmfvSefa&;tawG@t}uKH/
ppfa&;tawG@t}uKHwkd@onf pdwfyg0ifpm; avhvmvkdolrsm;twGuf tusKd;
&Sdapvdrfhrnf [k ESif;qDvGifjyifu xifjrif,lqrdygonf? r+yD;qkH;ao;onfh
ArmjynfawmfvSefa&;c&D;&Snf}uD;wGif ,cktcsdefY tvGefaysmhaysmif;EknhH
vSaom wkdufyGJykHo¿mefjzifh qifE$Jae&onfrSefaomfvnf; aemifwGif
Armjynfolrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd;tzkHzkHaom wkdufyGJo¿mefrsm;xJrS vufawG@
tajctaeu jyÏmef;ay;onfh tjcm;wkdufyGJo¿mefwrsKd;rsKd;ukd ajymif;vJ
a&G;cs,f,l=u&rnfhtvm;tvm;vnf; &Sdaeygao;onf? awmfvSefa&;
onf worwfwnf; {nfhonfukd c&D;OD;}uKd jyKae&ovkd/ yef;oDaeovkd
nifnifomom odrfodrfarG@arG@vkyfae&vdrfhrnf r[kwfyg? &JabmfcifnKd.
b0rSwfwrf;rSmygovkd &efolESifh olaoukd,f&Sif wkduf&onfh wkdufyGJrsKd;onf
t&ifu&SdcJhovkd aemifvnf; ray:ayguf[k rnfolr# rajymEkdifaom tajc
taerSm &Sdaeygonf? ppftm%m&Sifpepfukd z,f&Sm;zkd@ u|efawmfwkd@onf
&Snfa0;aom c&D;ukd av#uf=u&OD;rnfjzpfygonf? awmfvSefa&;c&D;ukd
av#mufvSrf;ae=uolrsm;twGuf Tpmtkyfu a&wr_wf/ qefwqkyf
uav;r#yifjzpfap taxmuftuljyKay;Ekdifonfqkdv#if u|efawmfwkd@
xkwfa0&usKd;eyfyg+yD?
&JabmfcifnKd. TpmtkyfwGif awmfvSefa&;ESifh ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;
ta=umif; ajcmufypfuif;oJvJpif tm;vkH;aumif;onf[lI a&;xm;
jcif;r[kwfyg? ygwD/awmf vSefa&;ESifh jynfolrsm;. }uD;jrwfr_ukd OD;nGwf&if;
u oifcef;pm,lp&m[k olxifjrifonfh wcsKd@aom c|wf,Gif;csufrsm;
ta=umif;ukdvnf; a&;om;azmfjyxm;ygao;onf? pmzwfolrsm; cHpm;
em;vnfEkdifvdrfhrnf[k ar#mfvifh,kH=unfrdygonf?
ESif;qDvGifjyifpmay
(2006)

11
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
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pma&;ol. trSm pum;
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1? u|ef a wmf . b0'k d i f , m&D p mtk y f o nf u|ef a wmf w OD ;

wa,mufwnf;.tpGrf;a=umifh[k qkd&rnfxuf &Jabmfrsm;. bufpkH
yHhykd;ulnDr_a=umifh jzpfwnfvm&aompmtkyf[k qkd&ygrnf?
2? vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;umvwGif u|efawmfyg0ifjzwf
oef;cJh&aom tawG@t}uKHwcsKd@ukd b0rSwfwrf;tjzpfESifh usef&pf&ef &nf
&G,fa&;om;cJh jcif;om jzpfonf?
3? vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;umvwGif u|efawmfonf atmuf
ajctqifhrS yg0ifcJh&jcif;om jzpfygonf? ,if;tjyif tcsdefumv trsm;
pkwGif u|efawmfonf ajymufusm;a'orsm;Yom v_yf&Sm;aexkdif cJh&ygonf?
4? u|efawmf. ajymufusm;a'otawG@t}uKHwkd@onf tpkd;&
tqufqufrS ppfwyfrsKd;pkHwkd@. 0kdif;0ef;acsr_ef; wkdufckdufjcif; ab;tEW&m,f
rS vGwfatmif ajy;cJh&aom tawG@t}uKHyif jzpfygonf? wenf;tm;jzifh
ypf ajy;-ajy;ypftawG@ t}uKH[k qkd&ygrnf?
5? TtawG@t}uKHrsm;onf vufeufukdif awmfvSefa&; orm;
wkdif; }uKH&avh&Sdaom omreftawG@t}uKHvnf; jzpfygonf? Tonfukd
pmwapmifaywzGJ@tjzpfESifh a&;om;xkwfa0&efrSm u|efawmfhpdwfxJwGif
r0Hhr&J jzpfcJhrdyg onf?
6? ajymuf u sm;a'orsm;wG i f tcsd e f u mvra&G ; ae@nrvyf
v_yf&Sm;ae=u&onf? &Jabmfrsm;.ukd,fay:Y aoewfusnfqefrsm;ESifh
pm;p&m qefqDqm; &duQmrsm;ukd ausmay:wGif toifhxrf;ykd;xm;=u&

12
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

49-awmfvSefa&;rsKd;qufwOD;
.
b0'kdif,m&D

pma&;ol
(&JabmfcifnKd)
1996

ygonf? ,if;a=umifh avhvmqnf;yl;&ef pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;ukd ronfykd;

Ekdif=uyg?
&? ajymufusm;a'orsm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh ae@pOf rSwfpkrSwf
wrf;rsm; a&;om;&efrSm tajctaeu cGifhrjyKyg? xkdokd@ rSwfwrf;rSwfpkrsm;
a&;om;rnfqkdygv#ifvnf; rawmfwq &efol@vufxJ usa&mufoGm;cJh
ygv#if a'ocHvlxka&m tzGJ@tpnf;ESifhwyfukdyg }uD;pGmaomab;tEW&m,f
rsm;ESifh &iffqkdif}uKHawG@=u&ygvdrfhrnf?
8? rdrd.tawG@t}uKHrsm; a&;om;a&;twGufqkdv#if u|efawmfrSm

13
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
pmayA[kokwacgif;yg;ol jzpfygonf? xkd@tjyif vkdtyfaom rSwfwrf;rSwfpk
rsm;onfvnf; u|efawmfhY vkH;0 Avmewˆd[k qkd&ygrnf?
xkdokd@aom tajctaersKd;wGif }uKd;pm;+yD; a&;om;yg&ef &if;ESD;aom
&Jabmfrsm;jzpf=uonfh uAsmq&m armifvS0if;(jrif;+cH)/ uAsmq&m 0if;wifh
xGef;ESifh &Jabmf odef;0if;(armifpGrf;&nf.nD) wkd@. t}udrf}udrf tm;ay;
wkdufwGef;csufrsm;t& }uKd;yrf;a&;om;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf?
vkdtyfaom tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ppfa&;qkdif&m ta=umif;t&m
tcsKd@ukd taxmuftul jyKay;Ekdifrnfxif&onfh tpkd;&ppfwyfrS ppft&m&Sd
wcsKd@ a&;om;xm;aom pmtkyfwcsKd@ukdvnf; zwf±_avhvmcJh&ygonf?
9? vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;umv u|efawmfjzwfoef;vkyf
aqmifcJh&aom ta=umif;udpPESifh tcsuftvufwkd@ukd od&Sdolrsm; jzpf=u
aom u|efawmfwkd@ ygwD (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD)rS 0g&ifhacgif;aqmif
yk*~KdvfwcsKd@ukdvnf; u|efawmfa&;xm;onfh pmrltm; wifjy+yD; wnf;jzwf
twnfjyKay;yg&ef yef=um;awmif;cHcJhygonf?
tvm;wlpGm uGefjrLepfygwD0ifwOD;taejzifh u|efawmfonf
ygwD. pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;twkdif; rdrd.aqmif&GufcsufESifh a&;om;csuf
rsm;ukd ygwDA[kdokd@ wifjytpD&ifcHI wnf;jzwftwnfjyKcsufukdvnf;
&,lcJhygonf?
10? Tpmtkyf jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf t}uH^m%ftm;ESifh vkyf
tm;t& tzufzufrSyHhykd;ulnDcJh=uaom &Jabmfrsm;tm; v_dufvJpGm
aus;Zl;wifvsuf *k%fjyKrSwfwrf;wifyga=umif; Tpmjzifh av;pm;pGm
azmfjyvkdufygonf? ?

14
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
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49-awmf v S e f a &;rsKd ; quf w OD ; .
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b0'k d i f , m&D
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&JabmfcifnKd

ed ' gef ;

u|eaf wmfonf rdr.d awmfveS af &;orm; b0yH&k yd v

f m$ tm; &mpkEpS w
f 0ufe;D yg;
ta&mufwGif ±kwfw&ufqdkovdk owd&vm+yDd; [dkta0;twdwfqDudk orifvnfjyef
aemufodk@vSnfh=unfhvdkufrdavonf? xdktcgY b0yHk&dyfrsm;onf r_ef0g;0g; a&;aw;aw;
ESifh roJruGJ jzpfaeacsonf?
tcsdK@wGifvnf; oJoJuGJuGJ&SdaeqJ/ jrifae&qJ[k qdk&ayrnf? teD;ta0;
jrifuGif;rsm;onf jcm;em;uGJjym;ouJhodk@ yHk&dyfrsm;rSmvnf; rwluGJjym;&SdaernfrSm trSef
yifjzpfayonff?

(1)
1949?
vuf e uf u d d k i f awmf v S e f a &;orm;b0?

xdktcsdefumvu u|efawmfonff tv,fwef;ausmif;om; touff (13)

ESpfom;t&G,f vl@b0tp u}uDd;a&urSm vlvm;uvnf; rajrmufao;/ ynma&;
uvnf; rajymyavmufESifh [dkra&muf 'Drayguf b0rsKd;om jzpfonf? rdbrsm;uvnf;
om;OD;qdkI cspfpEdk;jziff ynmwwfapcsifayvdrfhrnf? tpfudk0rf;uGJ OD;yO…if;ESif htwl
we,ffwaus; apv$wf+yD; ynmoiff=um;apcJhonf?
tpfudk0rf;uGJ OD;yO…if;onf awmifomòr@e,ff qDrD;uef&Gm ‘usif;ausmif;’

15
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
bkef;awmf}uD;pmoifwdkufY Ak'<pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk qnf;yl;oif,laeol jzpfonf?
u|efawmfurl ausmiff;csif;uyfaeonfh ‘rif;acsmif;’ tv,fwef;ausmif;wGif ynm
oif=um;&onf? Tausmif;Yyif owWrwef;ta&mufwGif u|efawmfonf twef;wif
pmar;yGJ rajzqkdcJh&ao;rD ausmif;&uf&Snfydwfxm;onfhtcsdefwckY rdbrsm;xH jyefcJh
onf? (ausmif; &uf&Snfydwfxm;&jcif;ta=umif; atmufwGif azmfjyxm;onf)
rdbrsm;onff awmif,mv,fvkyf "m;rckwfb0jzifh vkyfudkif pm;aomuf=u&
onfh omrefqif;&Jom;rsm;yif jzpf.? jrif;+cHc±dkif awmifomòr@e,f taemufbuff&Sd
qifwJ0acsmif;ab; xef;yifuefqdkonfh aus;&GmrSm aexdkifcJh=uonff? uefa&aomuf
jrufajcmufpm; yljyiff;ajcmufaoG@onfht&yf/ xdkt&yf xdka'owGif vltrsm;pkonff
rD;aoG;yrm rnf; ajcmufaeavonf? ta0;rS =unfhv#if oGm;rsm;uddk OD;pGmjriff=u&aom
t&yfa'o jzpfonff?
1949 ckESpfumvY Armjynf. jynfwGif;ppft&Sdefonf tjrifhqHk;umv[k
qdk&ayrnf? ArmjynfwjynfvHk; ae&ma'o tESH@tjym;wGif vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;
wyfzGJ@rsKd;pHk v_yf&Sm;wdkufcdkufae=uonf? wrkd;vkH; azsmufqdyfqkdonfhyrm ae&mwum
wkdufyGJrsm; jzpfae+yD; aoewfoHrsm;nHrpJ [k qdk&acsrnf?
qDDrD;uef/ 0Javmife,ffbufawGYvnf; ArmjynffuGefjrLepfygwD. wyfzGJ@rsm;
a&muf&Sdv_yf&Sm;ae=ucsdef jzpfonff? jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@rSvnf; tvm;wl v_yf&Sm;ae=u
onff?
rdwDˆvmòr@ESifh òr@.0ef;usifw0dkufrSmvnf; zqyvtpdk;& ppfwyfrsm;ESifh Arm
jynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS wyfrsm;/ jynfol@&Jabmfwyffrsm;ESifh u&if awmfvSefa&;wyfrsm;yg
tjyeftvSefwdkufcdkuf ae=uonf? jrif;+cH/ ausmufqnf/ rEWav;/ ppfudkif;òr@}uD;rsm;
rSmvnf; xdkenf;tvm;wl wdkufyGJoHrpJ ae@pOf&ufquf wdkufcdkufae=uavonf?
u|efawmffaecJhonfh qDrD;uef riff;acsmif;tv,fwef;ausmif;ESifh 0Javmif-
&Gmopf&Sd txufwef;ausmif;rsm;rSmvnff; ausmiff;&uf&Snfydwfxm;&onfh tjctae
odk@ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf? u|efawmfonf ausmif;ydwfI tpfudk0rf;uGJ OD;yO…if; ODd;aw
Z0HoESifhtwl rdb&yfxH jyefcJh&onff?
u|efawmfonf rdbrsm;xHa&muf&Sd+yD; wveD;yg;t=umwGif tarbufrS
aqGrsK;d rsm;jzpf=uonfhf a'G;av;/ a'G;}uD;wd@k EiS hf OD;av;/ OD;}uD;wd@k &o dS nfh &Gmpnf/ pGe;f vGe;f ESihf
ul&Gmwkd@bufokd@ tvnffoGm;rnf[k rdb rsm;tm; cGifhyefI vlñuHESifhvdkufygvmcJhonf?
wu,fwrf;wGif a'G;}uDd;/ a'G;av;/ ODd;av;wdk@xH roGm;jzpfawmhbJ jriff;+cHòr@bufqD
ajcOD;vSnfhum ArmjynffuGefjrLepfygwD jriff;+cHc±dkif±Hk;okd@ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhavonf?
Armjynf f u G e f j rLepf y gwD jrif ; +cH c ±d k i f ± H k ; onf xd k p Of u jrif ; +cH ò r@/ rd w ˆ D
vmvrf;ab; tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;ESifh rvSrf;rurf; rsufapmiff;xdk;wGif&Sdonfh

16
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
taqmuftODwck[k rSwfrdaeavonf? u|efawmfonf xdk±Hk;okd@ a&muf&SdoGm;onfwGif
touft&G,f (30) 0ef;usifom&Sdrnffh tom;nKdnKd t&yfredfrfhrjrifhESifh trnffrod
yk*~dKvfwOD;u vufcHawG@qkHI ,ckuJhokd@ ppfaq;ar;jref;ygonf? “a[h æ csmwdwf
bmudpP&SdovJuG” wJh? u|efawmfu “ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ vufeufudkifwyfxJ
0ifcsifvdk@ygcifAsm” [k ajym&m xdkyk*~dKvfu “rif;touf b,favmuf&Sd+yDvJuG” [k
qufvufar;aeojzifh “13 ESpfygAsm” [k ajzvdkuf&.? xdktcg ‚uyif “rif;touf
u (13)ESpf/ vlu ydefan‡mfan‡mfeJ@ ykykjzLao;ao; jzpfrvm;uG” wJh? u|efawmfu
“jzpffygw,fAsm” [k ajymvdkufojzifh Tyk*~dKvfuyif “riff;wyfxJ0ifrSmudk rif;rdb
awGodvm;” [k xyfrH ar;jref;vmonf? xdktcgY “odygw,ff” [k vdrfnmvdkuf&onf?
TtcgrSmvnf; oluyif “'gqkd&ifærif;udk &Jacgifausmif;om;tzGJ @xJ
vdkufydk@ay;r,f” [kqdkum ±Hk;&Sdvli,fwODd;tm; vSrf;ac:+yD; u|efawmftm; vdkufydk@cdkif;
vdkufonff? u|efawmfonf vddkufydk@onffh vli,f ESifhtwl &Jacgifausmif;om; tzGJ@±Hk;[k
xif&onfhae&modk@ a&muf&SdoGm;onff? touf (20) 0ef;usifr#&Sdrnfh rsufrSefwyf
xm;onfh a,musfm; wOD;u vufcHI ppfaq;ar;jref;r_rsm; ðyjyefonf? ar;jref;ppfaq;
&mY trnf/ touf/ ae&yf/ ausmif;ynmtqifhtwef;ESifh rdbtrnf ponf wdk@tm;
jynffhjynfhpHkpHk ar;avonf? +yD;v#if &Jacgifausmif;om; tzGJ@0ifwODd;tjzpfESifh vufcHvdkuf
.? u|efawmfonf vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&; wyfom;wOD; jzpfvmacs+yD? T1949-
ckESpfonf u|efawmf. vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;wyfom;b0 pwifaomESpf[k pdwfxJ
rSm pGJpGJepfepf rSwfwrf;wifxm;vkdufrdygawmhonf?

1950?

em&DvufwHonf puf0dkif;o¿meftvdkuf wcsufcsufESifhjrnfI v_yf&Sm;a&G@

vsm;aeouJhokd@ ae@/ &uf/ v rsm;onfvnf; em&DvufwHenf;wl &moDcGifESifhtnD
ajymif;vJaeacsonf? u|efawmfonf 1950 ckESpfwGif &Jacgifausmif;om;tzGJ@. wm0efcH
wOD;xH wifjyawmif;qddkum ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD acgif;aqmifonfh jrif;+cHc±dkif
wyfxo J @dk toufvrd n f mI ajymif;cJyh gonf? jrif;+cHc±dik w
f yfrw
S zef Adv
k t
f mVm OD;pD;onfh
pwkwˆajcvsifwyfr&Sd&m EGm;xdk;}uD;òr@e,f ysOfpnf-uEMm;zufokd@ ajymif;a&$@cJh&jyefonf?
xdkrS xyfrHI ysOf;rem;ppfrsufESmqDokd@ vltifftm; ig;&m (500) cef@&Sdrnfh wyf&if;ESifh
twl vdkufygcsDwufcJh&onf? ysOf;rem; ppfrsufESmokd@ a&muf&Sd+yD; r=umrDrSmyif jynfol@
wyfrawmfzGJ@pnf;&mY wyfr}uD; (1)/ wyfr[m (1)/ wyf&if; (2) wGif wyfom; (±Hk;vkyf
om;) wOD; tjzpf yg0ifcJh&avonff?
1950-ckESpf pufwifbmv(1) &ufae@onf awmfvSefaom Armh wyfrawmf

17
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

(RBA) ( 1949 ckESpfwGif zqyvtpkd;&ukd awmfvSefykefuefum awmcdkcJh=uonfh

Armhwyfrawmf. tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf?) ESifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS jynffol@vGwf
ajrmufa&; wyfrawmfwyfrsm;tm; twlwuG yl;aygif;zGJ@pnf;onfhae@ jzpfojzifh
jynfol@wyfrawmf (People Army. PA) tm; pwifzGJ@pnf;onfhae@[k qkdEkdifygonf?
odk@aomf Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu xdkae@tm; jynfol@wyfrawmf arG;zGm;onfhae@[lI
rowfrSwfacs? 1948 ckESpf rwfv (28) ae@omv#if w&m;0ifae@ [ kygwD A[dkaumfrwD
u owfrSwfqHk;jzwfxm;ayonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap 1950 ckESpf pufwifbm (1) &ufae@
onf vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;ordkif;wGif vspfvsL±_xm;Ir&onfhae@wae@tjzpf
wnf&SdaernfrSm trSefyif jzpfavonf? jynfol@wyfrawmf zGJ@pnf;pOfY t+rJwrf;
vuQ%maqmifonfh (Regular Army) tjzpfESifh zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf[k od&SdcJh&av
onf?
wyfr}uD; (1) (Division) udk pwifzGJ@pnf;pOfu vltiftm; tjynfht0ESifh
zGJ@pnf;cJhonf[kvnf; od&SdcJh&onf? ‚.vufatmufwGif wyfr[mrsm; wyf&if;
rsm;ukdvnf; tvm;wl zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? ‚tjyif t+rJwrf;wyfrawmfY &Sd&rnfh ppf&mxl;
tqifhtwef;rsm; (Ranks) ESifh ppf±Hk;rsm; (Office Staff) rsm;udkyg owfrSwfjyÏmef;
ay;cJhygonf?
u|efawmfyg0ifcJh&onfh wyf&if; (2) onf zGJ@pnf;r_t& vltif tm; ig;&m
(500) r# &Sdayrnf? xkdwyf&if;. wyfrSL; wyfom; trsm;pk}uD;onf wrmyef;&eH@awG
oif;aom tnmajrrS tnmom;rsm; jzpfacsonf? wyf&if;EdkifiHa&;rSL;qdkv#if ppfudkif;
om; &Jabmfpdk;odrf;jzpf+yD; wyf&if; ±Hk;tkyfqdkv#if rv_difòr@om; ocifomn‡if;.nD acwf
ynmwwfwOD;yif jzpfonf?
jynfol@wyfrawmftm; t+rJwrf;wyfrawmftjzpf zGJ@pnf;&mwGif OD;xkyf
wHqdyf/ vufarmif;wHqdyfrsm;vnf; owfrSwfðyvkyfxm;ayonf? rSwfrdor#qdk&v#if
OD;xkyfwHqdyfY }wd*HoHk;ajr‡mifh =u,feDtm; t0ga&mif pyg;ESH ESSpfcufESifh ab;rS+cH&H xm;av
onf? =u,feD. atmufcHtpdrf;a&mif puf0dkif;o¿mefudk t0wfpjzifh ðyvkyfxm;onf?
‚.t"dy`m,frSm =u,feDonf rdk;aomuf=u,f/ atmufcHtpdrf;a&mifrSm trdEdkifiH Arm
jynfonf pdrf;vef;om,monfh EdkifiHjzpfonfqkdaomoabm/ pyg;ESHonf vlOD;a&
trsm;qHk;jzpfonfh v,form;vlwef;pm;tm; azmf!¸ef;onf[k od&onf?
vufarmif;wHqdyfwGifrl tjzLa&mif ydwfxlxlukd av;vufrcef@&Sdrnhf }wd*H
t&G,t f pm;tjzpf jzwfawmufum xdt k jzLa&miftm; tjyma&mif rd;k aumif;ui t f jzpf
ta&mifwif bavmuf ± d k u f x m;ayonf ? T}wd *H t wG i f ;Y atmuf r S t xuf o d k @
!¸efjyonfh tjzLa&mifjrm;ukd xnfhoGif;xm;+yD; }wd*H.axmifhESpfckwGif =u,fi,f ESpf
vH k ; ES i h f tv,f w G i f wvH k ; / =u,f j ymi,f o H k ; vH k ; onf tcsd K ;nD n D & S d a eayonf ?

18
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
xkdvufarmif; wHqdyf. oauFwtrSwfvuQ%mESifht"dy`m,frSm Armjynf. rdk;aumif;
uifonf =unfvifom,m at;csrf;ayrnf? =u,fjymi,foHk;vHk;onf tvkyform;/
v,form;ESifh vlvwfwef;pm;rsm;qdkonfh vlwef;pm;oHk; &yfudk udk,fpm;ðyonfh wyf
rawmf[k t"dy`m,foufa&mufa=umif; a,bk,s od&Sdem;vnfcJh&ygonf?
wyfr}uD; (1) . wyfr}uD;rSL;onf &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if Adkvf&efatmifjzpfonf?
EdkifiHa&;rSL;onf ‘&JabmfrsdK;jrifh’ (&Jabmfatmif) yif jzpfonf? aemufydkif;wGifvnf;
tvm;wlpGm wyfr}uDd; (2) (3) (4) ponfrsm;tm; zJG@pnf;cJhavonf?

1950 - 51

xdkESpfumvY ysOf;rem;a'o. wae&mwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. A[dk

XmecsKyf±Hk; (PHQ) pcef;wck tcdkiftrm &Sdaeonf? tvm;wl A[dkppfOD;pD; XmecsKyf±Hk;
(GHQ) pcef;f onfvnf; ab;csi;f ,SOv f suf crf;crf;em;em; &Sad ecJo
h nf? Ttcsed f umv
rsm;wGif jynfol@wyfrawmfY &Sdae=uonfh t*Fvdyfpmwwf wyfrSL;tcsdK@onf ppfa&;
ppf&m toHk;tE_ef;rsm;tm; Armbmomjzifh oHk;E_ef;ajymqdkjcif;xuf t*Fvdyfpm t*Fvdyf
pum;rsm;jzifh ajymqdkoHk;E_ef;jcif;ukd tmawG@=uonf[k qdk&ayrnf? xdkpOfu ppfa&;
tac:ta0:rsm;uddk trsm;tm;jzifh t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh oHk;E_ef;=uonf?
jynfol@wyfrawmf. atmufajcwyfom;trsm;pk}uD;onf aus;vuf awm
&Gmrsm;rS v,form;rsm;. om;orD;rsm;jzpf=u+yD; jrefrmpmukdyif aumif;pGm rwwf=u
yg? t*Fvdyfpm/ t*Fvdyfpum;qdkv#if =um;zl; em;0yif &Sd=urnfrxifay? u|efawmf
yg0ifcJh&onfh wyf&if; (2) . atmufajcwyfom;trsm;pk}uD;rSm txuftnm aus;
vufrsm;rS jzpf=uI rD;&xm;oHvrf;qdkonfudkyif tawmfrsm;rsm;u rjrifzl;=u?
jynfol@wyfrawmf pwifzJG@pnf;pOfuwnf;u t+rJwrf;wyfrawmfyHkpHrsdK;
tjzpf zJG@pnf;cJhI wyfrSL;wyfom; qufqHa&;wGif tqifhtwef; t& qufqHa&;rsdK;
jzpfaeavonf? wenf;tm;jzifh ocifESifhu|ef/ tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;/ ajr&SifESifh
ajru|ef qufqHa&;rsdK; vGrfrdk;vmayonf? &Jabmfcsif;/ wdkufazmfwdkufzufcsif;/ tvkyf
wm0eft& wyfrSL;ESifh wyfom; tjyeftvSef cspfcifav;pm;onfh qufqHa&;rsdK;onf
wpwparS;rSdef aysmufuG,fvmaeonf?
wyfrSL;trsm;pkonf atmufajcwyfom;xk tay:wGif pdwfrxifv#if rxif
ovdk qJqdk}udrf;armif;/ ±dkufESufxdk;}udwfonftxd jzpfvmonf? atmufajc wyfom;
xkuvnf; xkdtajctaetm; rcHr&yfEdkifI rif;rJhqefqef wefjyefðyrlvm=uonf?
trsm;pkwyfom;rsm;onff tkyfvdkufoif;vdkuf vlpk+yD; udk,fha'o udk,hfrdbtdrfodk@
jyef=uum tenf;pkonf "m;jyrsm;/ rxl;wyfzJG@rsm;txd jzpfoGm;=uayonf?

19
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tajctaeonf wae@wjcm; qdk;&Gm;usqif;vm
+yD; 1949 ckESpfeJ@rwlawmhyg? vufeufudkifwyfrsm;. tiftm;onfvnf; ododomom
qkwf,kwfusqif;vmonf? txl;ojzifh 1951 - 52 rsm;wGif ydkrdkodomxif&Sm;vm
aeonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwDonf Ttajctaeukd [ef@wm;xdef;
odrf;&eftwGuf vufeufudkifwyfrsm;ESifhqdkifonfhuGefz&ifh ESifh tpnf;ta0;rsm; pDpOf
usif;ycJhayonf? xdktpnf;ta0;yJGrsm;/ uGef z&ifhrsm;wGif wyfwGif;'Drdkua&pDjy\em/
wyfrSL;wyfom; qufqHa&; jy\em/ aexdkifpm;aomufa&;jy\emrsm;tm; tav;
xm; aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf?
u|efawmfonf 1952 ckESpf w0dkufwGif jynfc±dkif aygufacgif;òr@ e,ftwGif;&Sd
oufi,fusif; aus;&GmteD;Y usif;yðyvkyfcJhonfh ppfuGefz&ifhwcktm; wufa&mufcJh&
onf? xdkumvu jynfol@wyfrawmfwGif u|efawmfrSwfrdor#rSm zJG@pnf;r_t&qdk&v#if
ppfXmecsKyfESpfck &Sdaeacsonf? awmifydkif;ppfXmecsKyf (Southern Command S/C) ESifh
ajrmufydkif; ppfXm ecsKyf (Nouthern Command N/C) wdk@jzpf=uonf?
S/C.wm0efcHwyfrSL;onf wyfeDrS Adkvfatmifrif;jzpf+yD; N/C . wm0efcHrSm
RBA rS Adv k pf ed w
f ifjzpfonf? u|eaf wmfwufa&mufc&hJ onfh ppfueG zf &ifo
h nf awmifyikd ;f
ppfXmecsKyf e,fajrtwGif;jzpfI awmifydkif;ppf XmecsKyfESifhqdkifonfh uGefz&ifh [kqdk&
acsrnf? u|efawmfonf wyfom;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;taeESifh wufcJh&jcif;jzpf.?
oufi,fusif;aus;&GmESifh ywf0ef;usifaus;&Gmrsm;rS &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;onf
a&tenf;i,fp;dD qif;aeonfh acsmif;i,fwck.ab;&Sd awm wae&mY TuGezf &ift h wGuf
vlav;&m (400) r#qo hH nfh tpnf;ta0; cef;raqmif}uD;waqmiftm; aqmufvyk x f m;
avonf? uGefz&ihf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf ntdyfpuf&ef taqmuftODESifh xrif;
pm;aomuf csufðywf&eftwGuf taqmuftODrsm;vnf; aqmufxm;=uonf? xdk
taqmuftODrsm;onf 0g;jcrf;cif;/ 0g;jcrf;um oufi,frdk;I aqmufxm;onfh
taqmuftODrsm;yiffjzpfonf?
tpnf;ta0;cef;raqmif. t0if0wGif ezl;pnf;pmwef; csdwfqJG xm;onf?
yxrt}udrfajrmuf jynfol@wyfrawmf. awmifydkif;qdkif&m ppfuGefz&ifh[laom pmwef;
jzpfonf? uGezf &ift h pnf;ta0; yxrae@wiG f obmywdpifjrifYh ae&m,lxikd af e=uonfh
acgif;aqmifyk*~dKvfrsm;onf rSwfrdor# &JabmfoHk;usdyf0if AdkvfaZ,s/ Adkvf&efatmifESifh
a'gufwmewfpf (c) q&m0effOD;xGef;armif/ Adkvfatmifrif;/ Adkvf&Jarmif/ Adkvfatmifaz/
Adkvfrif;'if/ Adkvfyk/ AdkvfvSaz æwkd@ jzpf=uonf?
A[dkaumfrwDwOD;jzpfonfh a'gufwmewfpf (c) q&mxGef;armifonf T
uGefz&ifhY jynfol@wyfrawmf. EdkifiHa&;Xme}uDd;rSL;wOD;tjzpfESifh wm0ef,lum

20
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wyfrawmfwGif; EdkifiHa&;tajctae oHk;oyfcsufpmwrf;ukd zwf=um;wifoGif;rnfh yk*~dKvf
jzpfonff? uGefz&ifhudk,fpm;vS,f av;&m (400) cef@r#onf a'gufwmewfpf wifoGif;
onfh pmwrf;tay:Y tjyeftvSef t}udwfte,f tjiif;tckefrsm;ESifh wufºupGm
aqG;aEG;=uonf? txl;ojzifh wyfwGif;'Drdkua&pD jy\em (EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;/ pD;yGm;
a&;) 'Drdkua&pDoHk;&yfESifh wyfrSL;wyfom;qufqHa&;jy\em.tydkif;rsm;yif jzpfav
onf?
uGefz&ifhaqG;aEG;yJG (11) &uffajrmufonfhae@wGif &efol (zqyv) tpdk;&
ppfwyfu owif;&&SdI ppftiftm;tvHk;t&if;jzifh ppfa=umif; rsm;jzef@cJGum uGefz&ifh
usif;yonfhae&mokd@ OD;wnfI xdk;ppfqifvmonf? xdk@a=umifh uGefz&ifhukd ±kwfw&uf
&yfem;vdkuf&avonf? uGefz&ifhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tjrefvlpkcJGum rdrdwdk@.
wyfrsm;&Sd&m a'oqD jyefvnfcsDwuf=u&onf? tnma'o ‘roHk;vHk;’ (jrif;+cH/ rdwˆD
vm/ rEWav;) e,fodk@ tjyefwGif t*Fvef qif;[mh'fppfwuUodkvfausmif;qif; AdkvfvSaz
onf &efol.ppfa=umif;wa=umif;ESifh awG@qHkwkdufyGJjzpfI &efol.zrf;qD;r_udk cHvdkuf&
onf[k =um;odcJh&avonf?

1952 - 53

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;onf tqdk; buf(odk@

r[kwf) tusbufokd@ ODd;wnf+rJ OD;wnfaeacsonf? jynfol@ wyfrawmf. wyf&if;
wyfzJG@ toD;oD;wdk@onfvnf; jyefvnfpkzJG@r_rsm; ðyvkyf=u&avonf? wyfr/ wyfr[m/
wyf&if;rsm;onf vltiftm; trsm;tjym; avsmhenf;oGm;=uojzifh tcsdK@ukd zsufodrf;
um topfpkzJG@r_rsm;yif ðyvkyf&awmhonf?
zqyvtpdk;&onf wjynfvHk;tm; ppfa&;t& wpwp jyef vnfxdef;csKyf
vmonf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&. tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;onfvnf; aumif;pGmwnf+idrf
vmaeayonf? wenf;tm;jzifh Armjynf vufeuf udkifawmfvSefa&; tajctaeonf
aemufo@kd qw k cf mG aeonfh tajctae? zqyvtpd;k &. tiftm;tajctaeum; a&S@o@kd
rSefrSef wdk;wufaeonf[k qdk&ayrnf?

1954

wyf&if;(2)onf jynfol@wyfrawmf pwifzGJ@pnf;pOfuwnf;rSpI u|efawmf

yg0ifcJhonfh wyf&if;jzpfonf? xdkwyf&if;onf wdkufcdkufa&;bufwGif emrnf&cJhonfh

21
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

wyf&if;vnf;jzpf.? wdak wmif;vSonfh ordik ;f umvwcktwGi;f Twyf&if; wdu k cf u

kd cf &hJ
onfh wdkufyGJrsm;xJwGif v,fa0;òr@ vSSHpGyfxdk;wdkufyGJ/ ysOf;rem; vufwurf; teD;uyf
wdkufyGJ/ a&eD om0wˆdwdkufyGJrsm;onf ausmf=um;xif&Sm;onfh wdkufyGJrsm;yif jzpfonf?
‚tjyif wyfr}uD; (1) 'k-wyfr}uD;rSL;jzpfonfh wifxGef;atmif opPmazmuf tiftm;
pktm; EdSrfESif;a&;wdkufyGJrsm;ESifh tjcm;wdkufyGJrsm;pGmudkvnf; wdkufcdkufcJh&ayonff?
wyf&if; (2) onf 1950 rS 1953 ckESpf oHk;ESpfwm tcsdefwdktwGif; wdkufyGJ}uD;
(12) yGJESifh wdkufyGJi,faygif;rsm;pGm wdkufcdkufcJh&onfh wyf&if; jzpfonf? wdkufcdkufa&;
ol&Jaumif;trsm;tjym;vnf; ay:xGef;cJhonf? v,fa0;òr@ vSHpGyfxdk;wdkufyGJwGif ‚
wyf&if;rS wyfcGJ (1) wyfcGJrSL; Adkvfaygufonf xif&Sm;onfh wdkufcdkufa&;ol&Jaumif;wODd;
jzpfonf? olonf T wdkufyGJYyif touffay;oGm;avonf?
awmfvSefa&;'Da& usqif;aeonfhumvY wyf&if; (2)onfvnf; tjcm;
wyf&if;wyfzGJ@rsm;enf;wl usqHk;'%f&m&wyfom;rsm;. pm&if;udk Ekwfvdkufv#if vuf
usefpm&if;onf xdktcsdefY ESpf&mr#yif jynfhrnf rxifyg? xdka=umifh wyf&if; (2)onf
emrnfyg uG,faysmufcJh&ayonff? vufusefwyfom;tcsKd@tm; wyfr}uD; (1). ±Hk;tzGJ@
ESifhtwl txufArmjynf csDwufa&;wGif vdkufygcJh&+yD; tcsKd@onf txl;wyfzGJ@ tjzpf
&Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;a'owdk;cJs@a&;Y wm0efay;cHcJh&avonff?
&Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;a'owdk;csJ@a&; txl;wyf zGJ@pnf;&mwGif wyfzGJ@.
wyfrSL;onf Adkvfjroef; (c) AdkvfrSL; Avatmif jzpfonf? ‚onf 1970 ckESpf pufwif
bmv (8) &ufae@ ocifwifxGef;ESSifhtwl usqHk;cJhayonf? xdkpOfu ‚.nD AdkvfjrpH
vnf; usq;kH cJyh gonf? &yfapmufe,f acsmif;i,f&mG ESihf reD;ra0; aZmf*sjD rpfab; awmwGi;f
wae&mY &efol. vufcsufjzifh usqHk;cJh&jcif; jzpfonf?

aygif ; avmif ; eef @ zma'o tjccscJ h o nf h txl ; wyf z G J @ ?

Adkvfjroef; acgif;aqmifonfh e,fopfwdk;csJ@a&; txl;wyfzGJ@onf ysOf;rem;a'

orS pwifcsDwufum wyfukef;òr@e,f ajrmufbufjcrf;&Sd o=um;[if;tdk;&GmY ,m,D
pcef;cs wyf&yfem;cJhonf? o=um;[if;tdk;&Gmonf xddkpOfu tdrfajcoHk;q,fausmf av;
q,fr#om &Sdrnf[kxifygonff ? ywf0ef;usifw0dkufrSmvnf; aus;&Gmtrsm;tjym;
&Sdaeonf? xkde,fajr tm;vHk;eD;yg;tm; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD wyfukef;òr@e,frS wm0ef
,l tkyfcsKyfaejcif;yif jzpfonf?
e,fopfwdk;csJ@a&; txl;wyfzGJ@onf o=um;[if;tdk;&GmrS aygif;avmif; eef@zm
a'o &Srf;±dk;rawmifay:odk@ pwifcsDwufcJhonff? csDdwufonfh vrf;wae&mY o=um;
[if;tdk; &GmrS &Gmolrdef;uav; +rD;aumifayguft&G,f oHk;av;a,mufonf t0wfxkyf

22
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
uav;rsm;ukd,fpDjzifh apmifhae=u onf? wyfESifhawG@qHkonfESifh ‚wdk@onf wyfESifhtwl
vdkufvdkonf[k qdk=uygonf? xdktcgwGif wyfrSL;onf xdkrdef;uav;wodkuftm; wae
&mYac:I ar;jref;aqG;aEG;avonf? wyfudkvnf; csDwufae&mrS acwW &yfem;vdkuf&.?
+yD;v#ifwyfrSL;onf wyfpkrSL;wOD;tm; ac:,lI wyfpdwf wpdwftiftm;ESifh &Gmolrdef;
uav;rsm;udk &Gmoddk@jyefydk@cdkif;vdkufonf? wyfudkvnf; quffIcsDwufapavonf?
xdkae@nae ae0if±dk;&DtcsdefwGif wyfudkcsDwufae&mrS awmifay: wufrnfh
vrf;ab;wae&mY a&&Srd nfah e&mwGif ntdy&f yfem;&ef pcef; csvu kd of nf? r=umrDrmS yif
+rD;aumifayguf rdef;uav;wpktm; vdkufydk@onfh wyfpkrSL;ESif h wyfpdwfwpdwfonf
vdkufrDa&muf&Sdvmygonf? wyfpkrSL;onff tajctaetusKd;ta=umif;ukd wyfrSL;
xHowif;ydk@ tpDd&ifcHavonff? wyfpkrSL;onf ‚ESifhtwlygvmonfh ay;pmrsm;ESifh pm;
aomufp&m oa&pmrsm;ukd emrnfyg&aJ bmfrsm;tm; vdu k v
f aH 0iSay;aeavonf?f a0iScH
&onfh &Jabmfrsm;xJwGif u|efawmfvnf; yg0ifaeonf? pmwapmifESifh rkef@xkyfwxkyf
tm; vufcH&&Sdayonff?
u|efawmfonf &&Sdonfh rkefhxkyftm;rpm;ao;yJ pmudk OD;pGmazmufI
zwf=unfhvdkufavonff? +yD;v#if rdrdwOD;wnf; }udwfIðyH;rdygonf? ta=umif;rSm
u|efawmfwnf;cdkcJhaom o=um;[if;tdk;&GmrS tdrf&Sif+rD;aumifaygufrav; rdacG; a&;vm
onfh ay;pma=umifhyif jzpfonff? u|efawmfwnf;cdkcJhonfh o=um;[if;tdk;&GmrS tdrfonf
wpHkw&m pD;yGm;a&;acsmifvnfonfh tdrf[k cef@rSef;&onf? xdktdrfY awG@jrifcJh&onf
rsm;rSm cdkif;EGm; awmifhawmifhw&SOf;/ vSnf;aumif;aumif; wpDd;ESifh tdrfuvnf; oGyfrdk;
ysOfumrsm; jzpfonf? toHk;taqmif ypPnf;rsm;jzpfaom tdk;cGuf yef;uefrsm;uvnf;
oifhwifhaumif;rGefa=umif; awG@&onff? ‚tjyiff ig;yd/ qD/ qm;/ i±kwf/ =uufoGefrStp
tdrfqdkiftjzpf a&mif;csae=uao;onff?
xdktdrf. tdrfOD;ewfa,mufsm;onf touft&G,ftm;jzifh av;q,f (40)
r# &Sdayrnf? ‚.ZeD;rSmrl toufoHk;q,f (30) 0ef;usif &Sdrnf[k xif&onf? ‚
wdk@wGif wpfq,hfav; wpfq,fhig; (14 - 15) ESpft&G,forD;wa,muf&Sd+yD; orD;jzpf
oltm; tawmfyifcspfyHk&.? xkdorD; ukd rdacG;[k ac:=u+yDd; tjcm;trnf&Sdr&Sd rodcJh&ay?
u|efawmfhxH rdacG;a&;ay;vmonfh ay;pmonf olr.oli,fcsif; taygif;
toif; a&mif;&if;rsm;u 0dkif;0ef; ajr‡mufyifhay;r_t& a&;vmonfh pm[k xif&onf?
pmygta=umif;t&mY ,ckvykd g&adS vonf? rSwrf o d r# rSm ‘uGr;f &GuEf iS q
hf m;’ wJ?h atmfæ
+rD;aumifayguft&G,f 'DvdkyJvdk@ awG;rd+yD; apmapmursm; vrf;ab;wGif t0wfxkyf
av;awG udk,fpDydkuf+yD; wyftm; óuwifapmifhaeonfhtxJY rdacG;wa,mufygaecJhv#if
wyfrSL;onf u|efawmhftay: rnfodk@rsm; xifjrifygrnfenf;[k awG;rdaeacsonf?
u|efawmfwdk@wyfonf &nfrSef;csufokd@ acsmarmpGm a&muf&Sd=u+yD; ajccsEdkifcJh

23
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

avonf? Te,fajrokd@ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS wyfukef;òr@ e,fESifh ysOf;rem;c±dkif

t&Hc±dkifaumfrwDwOD; acgif;aqmifI vufeufudkif wyftiftm; (30) cef@ESifh 1950 -
51 ckESpfrsm;wGif a&muf&Sd tajcpdkufcJh=u+yDd; jzpfonf[k od&SdcJh&ygonf?
u|eaf wmfw@kd wyfz@GJ onff ,cifa&muf&adS e+yD;jzpfaom c±dik af cgi;f aqmifEiS hf aqG;
aEG;n‡dE_dif;oabmwlnDcsuft& Ta'o&Sd &Gmw&Gmjzpfaom ukef;csdKif;&GmY ae&m,l
wyfpGJvdkuf=uonf? aygif;avmif; eef@zma'oonf &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;a'orsm;ESifh
Armjynfr. tv,fydkif;a'orsm;jzpfonfh &rnf;oif;/ wyfukef;/ ysOf;rem; e,fajr
a'orsm;ESifh qufpyfe,fajrwck jzpfonf? Te,fajra'oonf vrf;yef;tquf t
oG,f cufcJ+yD; acsmifusonfh e,fajrwck jzpfonf? a'o xGufukefypPnf;qdkv#if xdkpOf
u pyg;ESifh eEGif;wufESpfrsdK;om pdkufysdK;xGuf&Sdayonf?
Ta'o. obm00ef;usifwGif rkwfokHopfawm}uD;rsm;ESifh jrifhrm;rwf
apmufvSonffh awmifukef;awmifwef;rsm; 0dkif;&Htkyfrdk; v$rf;ðcHaeonf? ajrmufrS awmif
bufodk@ a&rsm;pD;qif;aeonfh aygif;avmif;acsmif;(ppfawmif;jrpf. jrpfn‡mydkif;) onf
&moDdtcsdefumvra&G; a& tenf;trsm;qdkovdk pD;qif;aewwfonf?
xdka'oonf acsmif;ajrmif;tif;tdkif a&wHcGef pdrfhprf;rsm;vnf; aygrsm;I
a'ocHjynfolrsm;twGuf pdkufysdK;a&;ESifh om;ig;[if;vsmrsm; twGuf tqifajyonf[k
qdk&acsrnf? v,fESifh a&$@ajymif;awmif,mrsm;rS pyg;oDd;xGufrsm;vnf; aumif;=uonf?
wESpfywfvHk; w}udrfomv#if pdkufysdK;=uI woD;pm;pepfjzpfaomfvnf; a'ocHjynf
olrsm;twGuf 0rf;pmzlvHk±Hkr#ru tydktv#Hrsm;yif &&Sd=uao;onf?
‚a'oonf rdk;-aqmif;&moDumvrsm;wGif awmifcdk;awmifaiG@ awmif&dyf
rsm;a=umifh tHk@r_dif;aewwfonf? jrLawGuyg xyfqifha0aeI 0ef;usifwckvHk;onf
aea&mifjcnfyif rawG@jrif=u&bJ rGef;vJGrGef;wnfhtcsdefusrSomv#if aea&mifukd pwif
awG@jrif=u&acsonf? uarBmZXmae rJZmajr[k qdkavmufonf?
aygif;avmif;eef@zma'oonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;
c±dkif. tajccHa'ovnf; jzpfonf? xkde,fajronf xdkpOfumvu rD;&xm;/ um;vrf;
rsm;ESifh tvSrf;a0;onfh e,fajrwckvnf; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh awmfvSefa&;tzJG@ t
pnf;rsm;ESihf wyfz@GJ rsm; twGuf tajccHpcef; wnfaqmuf&ef toifah vsmq f ;kH a'owck[k
ajymqdk=urnfrSm trSefyifjzpf.?
Ta'o. taetxm;onfvnf; ArmjynfrESifh &Srf;jynfe,f. e,fedrdwf
rsOf;ay:wGif cGpD;xm;onfh taetxm;jzpfI ppfa&;ppf&mt& wpHkw&m aumif;rGef
ayonf? ajymufusm;wyfzJG@rsm;twGufvnf; v_yf&Sm;ppfupm;I aumif;aom a'o
wckjzpfacsrnf? a'o. yx0Dtaetxm;onf txufYazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; }uD;rm;
us,jf yef@aom opf awm}uD;rsm;ESihf rsm;jym;vSonfh awmifwef;awmifuek ;f awmifxw G f

24
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rsm;onf ppfa&;ppf&mtwGuf toHk;0ifvSonf?
a'otwGif; rSDwif;aexdkif=uonfh vlrsdK;rsm;rSmvnf; u,m;/ u&if/ ytdk@0f/
&Srf;/ awmif±dk;/ ArmtrsdK;om;rsm; jzpf=u+yDd; ajymqdk=uonfh bmompum;rSmvnf;
trsm;tm;jzifh Armbmompum;yif jzpf.? trsm;pkonf Ak'<bmom0ifrsm; jzpf=u
onf? vlOD;a&trsm;pkrSmvnf; ArmvlrsdK;rsm;jzpf+yD; &rnf;oif;/ wyfukef;/ ysOf;rem;a'
orsm;rS jzpfayrnf? xdka'orsm;&Sd ArmvlrsdK;rsm; ta&muftaayguf toGm;tvm
rsm;=uojzifh Armpum;ESifh Armh,Ofaus;r_ "avhxHk;pHrsm;om t"duv$rf;rddk;aejcif;
jzpfrnf[k ,lq&ygonf?
xdak 'orS arG;zGm;vm=uonfh vli,fv&l , G f usm;§rrsm;onf ajrjyef@f viG jf yif
a'orsm;rS vli,frsm;ESirhf wlbJ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;r_&adS =umif; awG@&onf? txl;ojzifh &moD
OwkESifhvnf; qdkifayrnf? Ta'o&Sd rdef;uav;trsm;pkonf xkdpOfu a,bk,stm;jzifh
tom;ta& jzLazG;=uygonf? rnf;onfhrdef;uav; tawmf&Sm;yg;ygonf? tysdKt&G,f
rdef;uav;rsm;qkdv#if ±kyf&nfoem;urm;&Sd=uolu rsm;jym;avonf? u|ef awmfwdk@
xJu au'gwOD;.tajymESifhrSwfcsuft&qdk&v#if arjrifh/ ar&Djrifh(xkdacwfu ±kyf&Sif
rif;orD;rsm;)awG v_difonfh *Edkift&yf[k qdk&ygvdrfhrnf? odk@aomf rdef;uav;trsm;pk
onf vnfwH ra=umh&Sif;EdkifbJ vnfyif;}uD;a&m*g (Goitre) &Sdae=uonf? =um;zl;em;
0t& ajym&v#if awmifay:olrsm;jzpfI tdik t f 'kd if; (Iodine) "mwfcsKd @wahJ ejcif;a=umif[h k
qdk&acsrnf?
u|efawmfwdk@wyfrS tnma'o&Jabmfrsm;uawmh aygif;avmif; eef@zm vSysdK
jzLrsm;ESifh zl;pm,Suf/ tdrfaxmifzuftjzpf vufwJGcJh=uonfrSm vloHk;q,f (30) r#
&Sdavonf? oHk;ESpftwGif; Tokd@ tdrfaxmifusoGm;=ujcif; jzpfonf?
xdak 'oESiyhf wfoufI Adv k rf ;– csKyfa[mif; OD;atmif}uD;rS Adv k cf sKyf }uD;ae0if;xH
pma&;I t}uHay;cJhzl;onf[k =um;cJhzl;ygonf? OD;atmif }uDd;. t}uHay;pmwGif aygif;
avmif;eef@zma'otm; uGefjrLepfrsm;. ajcukwfpcef;wcktjzpf b,fenf;ESifhrS wnf&Sd
cGifh ray;oifhay? Te,fajra'oonf yJcl;±dk;rESifhqufoG,f&eff aumif;rGefonfh a'o
wckjzpfonf? &yfapmuf/ tifawm/ ausmufulESifh rdk;ukwf/ rdk;rdwf a'orsm;rS w±kwf
jynf.e,fpyftxd qufoG,fqufpyf&ef uGif;qufus+yD; A[dkcsufrozG,f jzpfaeonf?
xdk@a=umifh Te,fajrudk [dkcsDrif;qufoG,fa&;vrf;rtjzpf rwnf&Sd&eff vGefpGmyif
ta&;}uD;onf[k yg&Sda=umif; odcJh&ayonf?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if;onf ppfO;D pD;csKyfwOD;taeESiahf omfvnf;aumif;/ tdraf pmifh
tpdk;&. 0eff}uD;csKyftaeESifhaomfvnf;aumif; aygif; avmif;eef@zma'oudk OD;atmif}uD;
. t}uH^m%frsm;ESifhtnD uGefjrLepf rsm;udk ajcrcsEdkifatmif tpGrf;ukef óu;yrf;vkyf
aqmifcJhavonf?

25
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
,if;twGufa=umifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynfe,f awmif ydkif;c±dkif.
tajccHTe,fajronf tm%m& tqufqufaom tpdk;&rsm;. ppfa&;xdk;ppf }uD;i,f
rsm;tm; }udrfzefrsm;pGm cHcJh&onfh a'owckjzpf vmcJh&onf? Ta'o&Sd jynfolrsm;
onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. a&S@aqmifr_atmufwGif &efolwdk@. xdk;ppftvDvDtm;
ckcHwGef;vSefcJhonfrSm &Snf=umonfh jynfwGif;ppfordkif;ESifhtnD oufwrf;&SnfcJhojzifh
a'oeDwck[k qdk&acsrnf?
vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;onf ajzmifhjzL;acsmarG@onfh vrf;rsdK; r[kwfay?
=urf;wrf;+yD; twuftqif; tauG@taumufrsm;ESifh jynfhv#H aeonfh ca,mif;vrf;
wckom jzpfavonf? xdkvrf;ay:Y wnf&Sdaeonfh aygif;avmif;eef@zma'oonfvnf;
txdtcdkuf tyGef;tyJhrsm;pGm rv$J ra&Smifom awG@ñuHcHpm;cJh&avonf?
1948 rwfv 28 ae@wGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. ygwD0ifrsm;ESifh vlxk
vlweff;pm; acgif;aqmifrsm;onf wjynfvHk; twdkif;twmtxd &uf&ufpufpuf owf
jzwfzsufqD; zrf;qD;axmifcsjcif;rsm; cHcJh&onf? tvpftidkuf t=urf;zuf wdkufcdkufr_
rsm;vnf; cHcJh=u&onf? xdk@a=umifh rdrdwdk@ESifh jynfolrsm;. &yfwnfa&;twGuf azmuf
jyefonfh zqyv tpdk;& udk vufeufudkif ckcHawmfvSefa&;rSwyg; tjcm;vrf;r&Sdonfh
tavsmuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDonf vufeufudkifwefjyeffawmfvSefa&;udk vufeuf
udik af wmfveS af &;jzifh rvJr$ a&Smifom wk@H jyefqifE&J$ jcif; jzpfonf[k xdpk Ofu wdik ;f jynfEiS hf
jynfolrsm;tm; xkwfazmfa=unm today;cJhayonf?
1949 ckEpS o f nf Tvufeufuikd f ckcaH wmfveS af &;ppf. txGwt f xdyf tjrifh
rm;qHk;umv[k qdk&ygrnf? vufeufudkifwyftiftm; onfvnf; t&Sdeft[kefjzifh
1952 ckESpftxd }uD;xGm;vmcJhonf? aemufydkif;umvrsm;wGif vufeufudkifwyf.
tiftm;onf wpwp usqif; qkwf,kwfvmygonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwDonf awmfvSefa&;'Da& twuftus
ESihf tajctae tajymif;tvJrsm;t& vrf;pOfay:vpDrsm;udv k nf; ðyjyifajymif;vJ csrwS f
cJh=u&onf? 1951 ckESpfwGif +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh nD!Gwfa&;tpdk;&vrf;pOfudk csrSwfcJhonf?
w±kwfjzL (KMT) . wyfrsm; onf Armjynf. tcsKyftjcmtm%mtm; xdyg;vmI
wrsdK;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGmjzifh wdkufcdkufoGm;&rnf[k xdkvrf;pOfu !¸ef;qdkxm;
onf? ,if;a=umifh ajr&Sifrsm;xHrS odrf;,lcJhonfh v,fajrrsm;udk qif;&Jonfh v,f
orm;rsm;xH a0iSay;xm;cJh&mrS ,ckwzef jyefvnfodrf;,lI ajr&Sifrsm;xH jyefvnf
tyfESHcJh=uonf? Tajr,may:vpDtrSm; a=umifh vufeufudkifwyf (aus;&Gm awmifol
v,form; om;orD;trsm;pk) wGif;rS &Jabmfrsm; wyfrSxGufum tdrfjyefoGm;=ujcif;
a=umifh wyfòycJh&onf[k qdkavonf?

26
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
1955 ck E S p f (55 vrf ; pOf )

u|efawmfonf Tvrf;pOfESifhywfoufI xdktcsdefu aumif;pGm em;rvnfcJh

acs? em;vnf&ef cufcJ±_yfaxG;aom vrf;pOf[kom odem;vnfcJh&onf? axmufcH-
ueff@uGufr_udkyif rdrdðyvkyfcJhjcif; &Sdr&Sd rrSwfrdawmhacs?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD. 55 vrf;pOfESifh ywfoufI oHk;oyf
xm;aom oHk;oyfcsufwckwGif T 55 vrf;pOfonf Armjynf vufeufudkif awmfvSef
a&;tm; t}uD;tus,f xdcdkufepfemapcJhonf[k qdkxm;avonf? u|efawmfyg0ifonfh
&Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; e,fopfwdk;csJ@a&; wyfzJG@onf 1955 ckESpfw0dkufwGif &Srf;jynf
e,fawmifydkif;c±dkif wyfzJG@tjzpf ajymif;vJwm0eff,lcJhonf? u|efawmfonfvnf;
tif;av; a'oajrmufjcrf; anmifa&$e,fokd @ ajratmuf tvkyfwm0efjzifh ajymif;a&$@
cJh&ygonf?
1956

AdkvfbZHonf Te,fajrtwGif;yg0ifaom tif;av;a'o ajrmufjcrf;okd@

a&muf&Sd+yD; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. tvkyfwm0ef rsm;udk xrf;aqmifaecsdefjzpfonf?
rnfonfhtqifhjzifh tvkyfrsm;vkyfaeonf qkdonfukdawmh twdtus rod&Sdyg? u|ef
awmfwOD;csif; tuJcwfcsuft& ‚onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. jynfe,ftqifh
acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xifrdygonf? a'o.taetxm;ESifh ajratmufb0
tajc taet& v#dK@0Sufa&;tm; tav;xm;vdkufemae=u&aoma=umifh twdtus
rod&SdcJh&jcif; jzpfygonf?

u|ef a wmf o d c J h & or# Ad k v f b ZH

AdkvfbZHonf tif;av;trsdK;om;wOD; jzpf+yD; ‚. arG;Zmwdonf anmifa&$

òr@e,f a¹rayG;aus;&Gm jzpfonf? xdk&Gmonf OD;wifat; (&Srf;jynf) . &Gmjzpfonfh
iz,facsmif; (ig;z,facsmif;) &GmESifhreD;ra0;/ ta&S@taemuf rsufapmif;xdk;Y wnf&Sdaeyg
onf? ‚onf i,fpOfumv ausmif;om;b0wGif awmif}uD;òr@Y ynmoif=um;cJo h nf?
t*Fvdyfjrefrm q,fwef;atmif+yD;aemuf awmif}uD;òr@&Sd taumuf cGefXmeY taumuf
cGeft&m&Sd(Custom Officer) wOD;tjzpf 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifcJhonf? ‚onf &Srf;jynf
e,f vufa&G;pOfabmvHk;toif;wGif tv,fwef; abmvHk;orm;wOD;tjzpf emrnf&SdcJh
olvnf; jzpfonf?
olonff 1946 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvwGif 'kwd,t}udrftjzpf jyefvnf zJG@pnf;onfh

27
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
&Srf;jynf jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; tzJG@csKyf (&yv) tzJG@wGif 'k-OuUÏtjzpffvnf; wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhonf? xdkpOfu &yvtzJG@ukd OD;aqmifcJh=uolrsm;rSm OuUÏ OD;cGefapm (yif;
w,)/ OD;bZH 'k-OuUÏ/ OD;xGe;f jrifah v; (awmif}uD;)- taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;/ OD;xGe;f thH
(anmifa&$)- wJGzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;/ OD;wifat; (&Srf;jynf)- ynma&;rSL;/
OD;xGef;az- jyef=um; a&;rSL;/ OD;a&$tkef;- b¾ma&;rSL;/ ODd; cGefxDd; (yifvHk)- pnf;±Hk;a&;rSL;
wdk@jzpf=uonf?
&Srf;jynf-jynfol@vGwfvyfa&; tzJG@csKyf (&yv). t"du&nf &G,fcsufonff
ArmjynfrESifhyl;aygif;+yD; vGwfvyfa&;t&,l&efESifh ya'o&mZfpepf wdkufzsufa&;wdk@yif
jzpfonf[k od&SdcJh&onf?
AdkvfbZHonf tom;jzLjzLESifh t&yftarmif;aumif;+yD; Oy"d±kyfrSmvnf;
cHhnm;onf? pum;ajymqdk qufqH&mwGifvnf; odrfarG@El;nHhonf? ‚onf &cdkifol
tv,fweff;jy ausmif;q&mrwOD;jzpfaom a':oef;wifESifh tdrfaxmifuscJhonf? ‚
wdk@onff awmif}uD;òr@Y aexdkifI om;orD;ESpfOD; xGef;um;cJhavonf? t}uD;qHk;rSm orD;
rdef;uav;jzpf+yD; ti,frSmrl om;a,musfm;jzpfum cifarmifjzL[lI ac:=uonf? udkcif
armifjzLonf &efukefpD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfrS bJG@&cJholvnf; jzpfonf? olonf 1980
ckESpfw0dkufwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;wGif 0ifa&mufcJh
onf? 1986 ckESpf0eff;usifrSm ausmuf*l &yfapmufa'obufwGif jyefvnfwm0ef,l&ef
twGuf yefqef; A[kdXmecsKyfrStjyef vrf;c&D;wae&mY tpkd;&ppfwyfESifh rar#mfvifhbJ
yufyif;wdk;um wdkufyJGjzpfyGm;cJh+yD; xdkwdkufyJGwGif &JabmfaZmfxGef; (c) cifaarmifjzL
usqHk;cJh&avonf? olonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. ygwD0ifwOD;tjzpfESifh usqkH;
oGm;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf? ‚. om;orD;ESpfOD;ESifh ZeD;onfwkd@ awmif}uDd;òr@Y usef&SdcJhav
onf?
1956 ckESpfw0dkufwGif tif;av;a'o anmifa&$e,fbuf AdkvfbZH a&muf
aepOfYyif tif;trsdK;om;rsm;. vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tzJG@tpnf;w&yfjzpfonfh
tif;OD;pD;tzJG@ ay:aygufae+yD[k a,bk,s rSwfrdaeygonf? twdtusrrSwfrdacs?
aemifwGif u|efawmfonf tif;OD;pD;tzJG@wGif EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&; t}uHay;/ ygwDuvmyf
pnf;wGif uvmyfpnf;tzJG@0if wODd;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJh&ygonf?

1957
Ad k v f b ZH E S i f h OD ; baqG awG @ qH k a qG ; aEG ; =ujcif ;

TESpftwGif; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;rS AdkvfbZHonf

zqyvtpdk;&tzJG@. umuG,fa&;0ef}uD; OD;baqGESifh &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; uavmòr@

28
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wGif rsufESmcsif;qdkif v#dK@0SufawG@qHk aqG;aEG;cJhygonf? aqG;aEG;=uonfh ta=umif;t&m
ESifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk twdtus rod&Sd&yg? a,bk,sod&SdcJh&onfrSm AdkvfbZHtm;
vufeufcs tvif;0if&eftwGuf zqyv tpdk;&tzJG@.udk,fpm; OD;baqGu aphpyfaqG;
aEG;jcif;om jzpfonf? aqG;aEG;&mwGif jr‡LqG,jf cif;/ +cdr;f ajcmuftusyu f idk jf cif;/ &mxl;tcGihf
ta&;rsm;ay;jcif; ponfh enf;emrsm;vnf; yg&Sdonf[k t=urf;zsif;om od&SdcJh&ygonf?
xdkpOfumv AdkvfbZHonf anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'owGif v#dK@0SufpGm
aexdkifI ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. vkyfief;wm0effrsm;tm; aqmif&Gufaeonfh tcsdef
jzpfonf? TtajctaewGif zqyvtpddk;& onf &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;
(MI) wyfrS wyf=uyf}uDd;xGef;pdef (anmifa&$òr@ -OD;òr@.om;)OD;pD;aom ppfwyfrS wyfpdwf
wpdwjf zifh Adv k bf ZH tm; vma&mufqufo, G f ac:,lcjhJ cif;jzpfonf? ‚wyfpw d Ef iS t
hf wl
Akdvf bZHtwGuf zqyvtpkd;&u ay;ykd@vkdufaom pmwapmifvnf; yg&Sdvm onf?
AdkvfbZHonf vma&mufqufoG,fonfh axmufvSrf;a&; wyf=uyf}uD;ESifh
twl yJch syd pf ufavSrsm;jzifh anmifa&$òr@o@dk vdu k yf gomG ;cJyh gonf? anmifa&$òr@wiG f axmuf
vSrf;a&;wyfrS wm0efcHwyfrSL; Adkvf}uD;azjrifh qdkol (Adkvf}uD;azjrifhonf uGefjrLepfygwD
OuUÏocifoef;xGe;f . wlawmf onf[k od&onf?) u apmif}h uKdaeonf? Adv k bf ZHonf
AdkvfazjrifhESifhtwl ppfwyfrS *spfum;rsm;jzifh uavmòr@odk@ qufvufoGm;=uygonf?
uavm òr@Y OD;baqGESifh vlcsif;awG@um aqG;aEG;=uonf[k od&Sd&onf?
1957 ckESpfrsm;wGif &Srf;jynfe,fY ppfwdkif;[lI r&Sdao;acs? AdkvfrSL;}uD;
ode;f wkwOf ;D pD;aom wyfrsm;om &Sad eonf? Adv k rf LS ;}uD;ode;f wkwu
f dk xkpd Ofu wyfrif;[lI
ac:a0:oHk;E_ef;cJh=uvonf?
AdkvfbZH oGm;a&mufaqG;aEG;onfrSm tcsdef &ufowWwygwfr# =umygvdrfh
rnf? OD;baqGESifh aqG;aEG;+yD;v#if+yD;csif; tif;av;a'okd@ jyefvnf a&muf&Sdvmygonf?
tif;av;Y oH;k av;&ufcef@f ae+yD;v#if Adv k b
f ZHonf &Jabmfaomif;a&$EiS t hf wl awmvrf;
c&D;jzifh ytdk0fhtrsdK;om; vGwfajrmuf a&;tzJG@ (ytvz) XmecsKyf&Sd&modk@ c&D;xGufcJh=u
jyefonf? xdXk mecsKyfwiG f xdyyf ikd ;f acgi;f aqmifEpS Of ;D jzpfaom OD;vSaz (oxH)k / ppfa&;wm0ef
cH AkdkvfusefZHkwdk@ESifh aqG;aEG;ygonf? aqG;aEG;=uonfh ta=umif;t&mESifh tcsuf tvuf
rsm;tm; twdtusrod&Sd&aomfvnf; a,bk,sod&onfrSm ytvz tzJG@tpnf;
taeESifh zqyv tpkd;&xH tvif;r0if&effESifh vufeufrcs&efwdk@yif jzpfygonf?
aqG;aEG;yJG+yD;I AdkvfbZHESifh &Jabmfaomif;a&$wdk@ESpfOD;onf awmvrf;twdkif;
tif;av;a'oodk@ jyefvm&mY vrf;wae&m ta&mufwGif zqyv tpdk;&wyfrS wyfpk
wpku toifhapmifhóuae=uonf? xdkwyfpkrS teD;uyff acsmif;ajrmif; ypfcwfI AdkvfbZH
usqHk;+yDd; &Jabmfaomif;a&$onf '%f&mjzifh tzrf;cHcJh&onf?
onf h a emuf zqyv tpd k ; &onf &S r f ; jynf e ,f a wmif y d k i f ; c±d k i f ygwD .

29
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

e,fajrrsm;jzpfaom (anmifa&$/ pum;/ puG,f/ yifavmif;ESifh aygif;avmif;eef@zm)

a'orsm;tm; ppfa&;t& xdk;ppfqifawmhonf? ‚xkd;ppfukd wHjrufpnf;ppfqifa&;
(Operation Broom) [k trnfay;xm;onf? Tppfqifa&;onf Armjynf uGefjrLepf
ygwD &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkiftm; wpHkw&mtxdemapcJhonf? AdkvfbZHtygt0iff
&Jabmf wcsdK@ usqHk;cJh&avonf?

1958
taxG a xG v uf e uf c sr_ E S i f h zqyv tuG J t +yJ

1958 ckESpf rwffvwGif zqyvtpdk;&. trsdK;om;umuG,fa&;aumifpD

tpnf;ta0;wck usif;ycJhonf? xdktpnf;ta0;wGif jynfwGif; +idrf0yfydjym;a&;
tajctaeESifhpyfvsOf;I wyfrawmfrS tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifjycJhonf? ‚tpD&ifcH
pmwGif =oZm&SdEdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u tum tuG,fay;xm;onfhtwGuf vlqdk;tawmf
rsm;rsm;ukd tm%mydkifrsm; taejzifh Oya't& ta&;r,lEdkifbJ jzpfaeonf[k yg&SdcJhav
onf? xdktcsufESifhywfoufI 0eff}uD;csKyfOD;Ekonf azmfjyyg ta&;,lzrf;qD;&rnfh
olrsm;tm; jynfxJa&;ESifhppfwyf yl;aygif;+yD; zrf;qD;&ef trdef@xkwfcJhonf? ppfwyfonf
ocifwif/ ocifausmf'Gef;wdk@. aemufvdkuf aemufygrsm;tm; zrf;qD;cJh+yD; OD;ausmf+idrf;
.aemufvdkufrsm;ukdrl tenf;pkomv#if zrf;qD;cJhonf? xkda=umifh ocifwif/ ocif
ausmf'Gef;wdk@Su 'g[m ODd;ausmf +idrf; vuffcsufyif jzpfrnf[k pGyfpJGajymqdk=uygonf?
Todk@jzifh zqyvtpdk;&twGif; Ek-wiftkyfpk (oeff@&Sif;) ESifh wnf+rJtkyfpk
(aqG-+idrf;) wdk@ ESpfjcrf;uJGoGm;=uonf[k odcJh&avonf? xkd@tjyif &oHk;cef@rSef;ajc
aiGpm&if;tm; twnfðy&efftwGuf ta&;ay: tm%moHk;+yD; jyÏmef;vdkufonfh ODd;Ek.
vkyf&yfudkvnf; rauseyfI wnf+rJ tkyfpkonf ppfwyftiftm;ukd toHk;csum ppfwyfrS
tm%modrf;&eff vrf;cif;ay;cJhygonf? OD;Ekonf 0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;rS qiff;ay;+yD; AdkvfcsKyf
}uDd; ae0iff;udk tdrfapmifhtpdk;& 0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf 1958 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif tm%m
v$Jtyfvdkuf&awmhonf? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&. t"duwm0efonf vGwfvyf+yDd; w&m;r#w
onfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJGukd 6 vtwGif; usif;yay;a&;yif jzpfonf?
tm%m& zqyvtpdk;&onf tcsif;csif;tuGJt+yJa=umifh EdkifiHa&;t&
tawmfyif txdemavonf? Ttajctaeukd tcGiahf umif;,lI rdrw d @kd . vufeufuikd f
awmfvSefa&;tm; a&S@odk@wGef;wif&ef tcGifhtvrf; aumif;wck jzpfcJhygonf? odk@aomf
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tygt0if tjcm;aom vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnff;rsm;onf T
tcGifhtvrff;tm; aumiff;pGmtoHk;csEdkifonfh tajctaersdK; r&SdcJhyg?
TESpfxJrSmyif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD tygt0if wjcm;aom vufeufudkif

30
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
tzGJ@tpnff;rsm;ESifh vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&; tajctaersm;onf bufaygif;pHk tcuf
tcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifae=u& avonf? xdktajctaewGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0iff;. tdrfapmifhtpddk;&onf vufeuffudkifawmfvSefa&; tiftm;rsm;tay:Y EdkifiHa&;/
ppfa&;/ pdwf"mwfppfqifa&;wkd@t& tm;oGefcGefpdkuf wkdufckdufvmygonff?
ppfa&;t& ppftiftm;rsm;toH;k ðy+yD; xd;k ppf}uD;i,frsm;ukd ðyvkyv f mygonf?
EkdifiHa&;t&vnf; vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; vufeufcstvif;
0if&ef/ vufeufESifh 'Drdkua&pD vJvS,f&ef aqG;aEG;jcif;/ aphpyfjr‡LqG,fjcif;/ pD;yGm;a&;
tcGifhta&;ay;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfvmavonff?
jynfol@&JabmftzGJ@/ rGef/ ytdk@0f/ tif; ponfhtzGJ@tpnff;rsm; vufeufcs
tvif;0ifoGm;cJh=uonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepffygwDrSvnf; wdk if;/ c±dkif/ a'otcsdK@
ESifhtiftm;wcsdK@onfvnff; tvm;wl vufeufcs tvif;0ifoGm;cJh=uygonff?
tdrfapmiffhtpdk;&.vufxufY pdwf"mwfppffqifa&;ESifh 0g'jzef@csd a&;wdk@udk
vnf; enff;vrf;aaygif;pHkjzifh ðyvkyfcJhonf? tcsdefusI a&'D,dk cvkwfukdzGihf+yD; jrefrmh
toHukd zrf;vdkufv#if toHv$ifhZmwfvrf;rsm;/ aw;oDcsif;rsm;jzifh vufeufcstvif;0if
&ef v_H@aqmfoHrsm; =um;=u&rnf jzpfygonf? u|efawmfrSwfrdor# =um;cJh&onfrsm;udk
wifjy&v#if vufeuf cs&ef zdwfac:onfh ay:vpDaw;oDcsif;xJwGif “armifav;æ
armifav;æ a&Smifrajy;ygeJ@/ aemifa&;ukdvnf; rr &ifav;rdygw,f? tartdkukd vkkyf
udkifau|;arG; armifav;rSS mvnf; wm0ef&Sdygw,f” qdkonfh oabmt"dy`m,frsm;
yg&SdcJhygonf?
xdkaw;oDcsif;ESifhywfouffI u|efawmfwdk@acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfonfh jynfe,f
aumfrwD OD;bode;f (c) ocifarmif}uD;u &,farmp&mtjzpfEiS hf “'DocD si;f [m ige@J rqdik f
bl;? riff;wdk@ESifhomqdkifw,f? ighemrnffu armif}uDd;” [kI ajymcJhzl;avonff?
u|efawmfhtjrifrSm xdkaw;oDcsif;tygt0if ta=umif;rsKd;pHka=umifh vufeuff
udkifawmfvSefa&; wyfzGJ@rsdK;pHkrS armifav;a&m armif}uD;yg trsm;tjym; vuffeuffcs
oGm;=uonffrSm trSefyif jzpfcJhonff?
TtcsdefrSpI &Srf;jynffe,f awmiffydkif;c±dkifonff ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;onffh tajctae
rsm;ESifh &iffqdkifcJh&ayonf?&Srf;jynfe,f awmifykdif;c±kdifonf rdrdtzGJ@tpnf; wckwnf;
taejzifo h m &efou l kd pwif&f ifqidk &f awmhonf?f a'o&Sd ytd@k 0/f tif;ponfh vufeufuikd f
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf vufeufcs tvif;0ifa&mufoGm;cJh=uay+yDd?
&Sr;f jynfe,ff awmifyf ikd ;f c±dik o
f nf (rlv&Sad 'oe,faf jrrsm;wGi)f &JabmftcsKd @tm;
tiff;av;a'o anmiffa&$e,ffY ajratmufwm0eftjzpf ajymif;ay;cJh&onf? c±kdifwyf&Sd
vltiftm;tcsKd@udkvnf; ajratmufwyf zGJ@tjzpfESifh ajymif;vJcsxm;ay;cJh&ygonf?
aygif;avmif;eef@zma'oukdvnf; wyfukef;/ usnfawmifuef e,fajrrsm;ESifh wquf

31
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wpyfwnf; jzpf&ef óu;yrff;cJhonff? tv,fydkif;wkdif; (&rnf;oif;/ rauG;/ rdwDˆvm/ jrif;+cH
c±dkifa'orsm;) udk ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[kdu wdkif;wcktjzpf zGJ@pnf;cJhonf? xdkwdkif;
tm; tv,ffydkif;Armjynfwdkif; odk@r[kwf tv,fydkif;wdkif;[k ac:=uygonf? tv,fykdif;
wdkif;onf xdktcsdefxkdumv tajctaersm;t& ajrjyef@vGifjyifydkif;Y &yfwnfv_yf&Sm;&ef
vGefpGm tcufftcJ}uD;rm;cJh&ygonf? txl;ojzifh tpdk;&ppffwyfrsm;onf a&&Sdonfh
ae&mwdkif;wGif wyfpGx J m;jcif;/ jynfol@ppfrsm; zG@J pnf;I apmifh=uyfjcif;rsm;/ acG;aoaumif
rsm; odk@r[kwf acG;rsm;owfI a&xJcsxm; jcif;wdk@a=umifh a&&Sm;yg;jcif; tcufftcJrSm
}uDd;rm;vSygonff?/
,if;tajctaea=umifh tv,ffydkif;wdkif;rS ta&;}uD;yk*~dKvfwcsdK@ESifh vufeuf
udkifwyffzGJ@tcsKd@onf &Srf;±dk;rawmifay:&Sd aygif;avmif;eef@zm a'ookd@ rvGJra&Smifom
a&$@ajymif;=u&ygawmhonf? tdrfapmifhtpdk;&onf xdktajctaersm;udk od&SdoGm;+yD;
&Sr;f jynfef ,f awmifyikd ;f c±dik Yf tajccH e,fajr aygi;f avmif;eef@zma'otm; ,cifxufyI kd
tm±Hkpdkufvmavonff ?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. tdrfapmihftpdk;&onf aygif;avmif;eef@zma'owGif
xyfrHI ppftiftm;tvHk;t&if;ESifh xdk;ppfqif&ef pdkif;jyif;vmonf? Txkd;ppfukd
&ifqikd &f ef &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyikd ;f c±dik f aumfrwD taejzifv h nf; vdtk yfonfh jyifqifrr_ sm;
vkyf=u&ygonf?
u|efawmfESifh &JabmfwzJG@tm; cJ,rf;rD;ausmuf&&Sda&;twGuf tif;av;a'o
bufokd@ wm0efay; apv$wfcJhonf? tif;av;a'o&Sd c±dkifacgif;aqmifwOD;udk rdrdvmcJh&
onfh tvkyw f m0efta=umif; wifjyvdu k o
f nf? xdck ±kid af cgi;f aqmifuvnf; csucf si;f pDpOf
aqmif&Gufay;ygonf?
u|efawmfonf &JabmfoHk;a,muftzJG@ESifhtwl &&Sdonfh cJ,rf;rsm;tm;
onfydk;um aygif;avmif;eef@zm tajccHa'okd@ tjrefqHk;enf; jzifh wufokwfESifcJhonf?
tajccHa'oukd u|efawmfwdk@tzGJ@ ajccsrdonfESifhwòyifwnf; tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;onf
vnf; a&muf&Sdvmygawmhonf?
‚ppfwyfrsm;onf aus;&Gmrsm;ESifh awmawmifae&mtESH@ &Sif;vif;aeonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf tvmaumif;ayr,fh tcsdeftcg aESmif;cJhacs+yD? ppfa&;t& vufOD;r_
&,l=u&mY ppftiftm;}uD;rm;onfh ppfwyfonf ppftiftm; csnfheJ@ao;i,faom wyf
xuf a,bk,stm;jzifh vufOD;r_&&Sd&mwGif wyef;omayonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tzJG@onf yifrwyfzJG@ESifh tjreftquftoG,f&&ef ta&;}uD;
onf? xkd@a=umifh o,f,lvmcJhonfh cJ,rf;usnfrsm;uddk vHkðcHpGm awmwGif;wae&mY
0Sufxm;&ygonf? odk@rSom oGufvufayghyg;pGm v_yf&Sm;Edkifayrnf?
&efol@ppfa=umif;rsm;onf aus;&Gmrsm;. 0ef;usifY awmif,m rsm;ESifh &Gm

32
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
zkef;qdk;rsm;ygrusef ydkufpdwfwdkuf &Sif;vif;aeonf? u|efawmfwdk@onf OD;pGm &Gmol&Gm
om;rsm;ESifh tquftoG,f &&Sd&efvdk.? xdk@a=umifh aygif;avmif;acsmif; taemufbuf
urf;odk@ nbufY wdwfwqdwf 0g;azmifjziffh jzwful;vmcJhonf?
acsmif;.taemufbuf &Gmrsm;teuf &GmpGef&Gmi,f w&Gmjzpfaom rJvD u&if
&Gmi,ftm; oGm;a&mufcsOf;uyf=uygonf? ‚.&Gmab; awmif,mzkef;qdk;wckwGif
&Si;f vif;a&; ðyvkyaf eonfh ppfa=umif;wa=umif;ESihf wd;k rd+yD; wdu k yf jGJ zpfymG ;&m &JabmfwOD;
vufarmif;wGif '%f&m&&Sdum vlcsif;uGJoGm;ygonf? wdkufyJGtwGif;Yyif usef&Jabmf
ESpfOD;ESifhvnf; vlcsif;uGJoGm;onf?
u|efawmfwOD;wnf; wdkufyJGjzpfyGm;onfh ae&mESifh rvSrf;rurf; awmwGif;
wae&mY yke;f atmif;ae&onf? u|eaf wmfuikd af qmifonfh umbdik af oewfwiG f usnq f ef
ESpaf wmifrh #om use&f adS wmhonf? &eforl sm; jyefv f nfqw k cf mG oGm;onft h csed Yf u|eaf wmf
onf ykef;ae&mrSxGufI vlcsif;uGJoGm;onfh &Jabmfrsm;uddk vkdufvH &SmazG&onf?
u|efawmfonf owif;pHkprf;&eftwGuf rJvD&GmxJokd@ 0ifa&mufcJhygonf?
&Gm.jrifuGif;onf ppfwyfrS rD;±_d@xm;onffh jrifuGif;jzpfaeonf? tcsdK@aomtdrfrsm;Y
tdrw f ikd rf sm;onf rD;cd;k rsm;tlaeqJ jzpfonf? &Gm xJwiG f rde;f rrsm;ESiu hf av;rsm;/ ouf}uD;
&G,ftdk tbdk;tbGm; wcsdK@ukdom awG@&ygonf? wcsdK@aom rdef;rrsm; atmf[pfidkaºu;
ae=u&m ab;em;wGif &Sdaeonfh acG;rsm;onfyif tlae=uavonf?
TjrifuGif;tm; awG@jrif&ojzifh u|efawmfonf a=u;pm;ppfwyfrsm;tay:
rcHr&yfEdkifavmufatmifyif a'gotrsuf xGufaerdygonf? xdkuJhodk@aom tedÏm±Hk
rsm;ukd ArmjynfwjynfvHk; ae&mtESH@wGif jynfwGif;ppf. oauFwtrSwfvuQ%m
rsm;tjzpf jrifawG@=u&ayrnf? tbdk; tdkwOD;onf u|efawmf.teD;odk@ r0Hhr&Jjzifh a&muf
&Sdvm.? “armif&if u b,foGm;rSmvJ”[k ar;vm&m u|efawmfonf tusKd;ta=umif;
pHkvifpGm ajymjyvdkufavonf? xdktcgY tbkd;tdku “armif&ifjrefjrefoGm;/ ppfwyfawG
oabFmukef;&GmrSmyJ &Sdaeao;w,f? 'dk@&Gmu a,musfm;rSefor#tm;vHk; ppfwyfu zrf;+yD;
oabFmukef;&Gmudk ac:oGm;w,f? uGefjrLepf awG@w,fvdk@ owif;=um;&if tjrefqHk;
owif;ydk@&r,f? rydk@&if &Gmudk tck vdk rD;±_d@r,f[k ajymoGm;w,f” [k &Sif;vif; ajymjy
onf? rJvD&GmESifh oabFmukef;&Gmonff wrdkifyifa0;rnff[k rxifyg?
u|efawmfonf rJvD&GmrS tjrefqHk;xGufcGmvmum ra0;vSonfh qdkifhus,f
&Gmbufudk awmvrf;twdkif; ajcOD;vSnfhxGufcJhygonf? &GmESifh reD;ra0;ta&mufwGif
udkifaqmifxm;onfhaoewftm; awmwGif; wae&mY vHkðcHpGmðzwfodrf; odk0Sufvkduf
ygonf?f +yD;v#if u|cJ avmuf oH=um;&onfah e&mod@k oGm;a&mufco hJ nf? u|aJ usmif;om;
wOD;ESifh yuffyif;awG@&+yD; ‚ESifh pum;ajymqdkI tultnDawmif;cHum t0wftpm;
csif; vJvS,f0wfvkduf=uygonff?

33
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
u|efawmfonf csufcsif;yif u|Jausmif;om; jzpfoGm;awmhonf? u|Jausmif;
om;wOD;taeeSifh u|Jaysmuf&SmyHkawmfZmwfvrf;udk o±kyfazmfcJh&ygonff? xdk;ppfqifae
onfh ppfa=umif;rsm;onf wckESifwck eD;eD;uyfuyf v_yf&Sm;aeonf? vGef;ysHozG,f
toGm;tjyef &Sif;vif;a&; vkyfaeonfudk awG@&onff?
&Gmrsm;rS &Gmom;tcsKd@onf u|efawmftm; wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf ajymqdk t}uHðy
=uonff? twifhr&JeJ@/ &Gm0if&GmxGufowdxm;yg ponfwdk@jzpff.? &Gmom;rsm;.
ajymqkdcsuftwdkif;yif u|efawmfESifh &efol@ ppfa=umif;rsm;onf oHk;}udrfoHk;cgxufrenf;
&Gmt0iftxGurf sm;wGif wd;k rdqrkH =d uonf? u|eaf wmfonf Tod@k jzifh w&Gm0if w&GmxGuf
u|J aysmuf&Smaomfvnff; u|Jvnf;rawG@/ yifrwyfzGJ@. owif;vnff; r&/ uGJoGm;onfh
&Jabmfrsm;ESifhvnf; rawG@jzpfaeygonff? Todk@jzifh }uHrd}uH&m pOf;pm;rdonfrSm usnf
awmifuef e,fbufokd@qif;+yD; a'ocH &Jabmfrsm;ESifh tquftoG,fðy&efyif jzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh usnfawmifuefbuf qif;onfhvrf;teD;&Sd awmifus&Gmudk ajcOD;vSnfcJh&
jyefonff?
&GmxJ csufcsif;r0ifao;bJ awmif,mtvkyfoGm;=urnfh &Gmom;rsm;
&GmxJrSxGuftvmudk u|efawmf apmifhaevkdufonff? ESpfem&D cef@r# apmifhaomfvnf;
wa,mufwavrS ay:rvmojzifh &GmteD; csOf;uyfcJh&ygonf? &GmxJY xl;jcm;onfh
toHAvHrsm; r=um;&I u|efawmfonf &Gm.tpGeftzsm;&Sd tdrfwtdrfudk 0ifvdkufonff?
tddrf&Sif a,musfm;wOD;ESifh awG@Iod&Sdvdkonfh owif;rsm;udk ar;jref;&m ‚u
bmowiff;rS rxl;yg? vGefcJhonfh ig;&ufcefhu &Gmudk ppfwyfa&mufvmonf? uGefjrLepf
awG a&mufrvmbl;vm;[k ar;+yD;jyefoGm;&m 'Daemuf ppfwyf ra&mufao;yg[k ajymjy
ygonff?
u|efawmfonf Todk@jzifh aus;&Gmvl}uD;. tdrfbufokd@oGm;um &Gmvl}uD;
ESifhawG@+yD; tusKd;ta=umif; ajymqdkaqG;aEG;ygonf? qefwjynf ESifh opfom;rD;jcpfwAl;/
qefxnfh&efyvdkif;i,fwvHk; 0,f,lvdkufonff? &Gmvl}uDd;onf aiGa=u;r,lbJ tvSL'ge
ðyvdkufygonf?
u|efawmfonf wyfukef;/ usnfawmifuefbuf qiff;onfhvrf;okd@ tjref
xGufvmcJhonf? vrf;twdkif; rdepf 20 r# av#muf aecsdefY yif aemufrS tajy; tv$m;
vdkufvmaeonfh vlajcoH=um;&I vrf;ab;&Sd csKHykwfxJ 0ifvdkufonf? awmifus&Gm
om;wOD;jzpfrSef; odvkduf&onfESifh u|efawmfonf csufcsif; csKHykwfxJrSxGufum vrf;
ay: jyefwuf+yD; xddk&Gmom;tm; atmfac:vddkufonf?
&Gmom;onff tarmwaumjzifh u|efawmfqD a&mufvm+yD; oluyif pwifI
“ciffAsm;odyf+yD; uHaumif;w,ff? cifAsm; &GmuxGuf+yD; b,favmufrSr=umao;bl;/
ppfwyfvnf; &GmxJ a&mufvmw,f? &Gm vl}uD;eJ@ &Gmom;awGudk csufjcif;ac:pk+yD;

34
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
u|aJ ysmuf&mS wJh u|aJ usmif; om;wa,muf 'Duakd &mufvmw,f r[kwv f m;vd@k ar;awmh
&Gmvl}uD;u twwfoad ew,fv@kd xif+yD; trSet f wdik ;f ajymjyvdu
k w
f ,f?f 'Dawmh ppfwyff
u tckt'J Dvl b,fudkoGm;ovJvdk@ ar;awmhwmaygh? &Gmvl}uD;u 'gawmhrodbl; 'Dbuf
uawmxJudk 0ifoGm;wmyJvdk@ v$J+yD;vufn‡dK;xddk; jyvdk ufw,f” [k ta=umif;pkH
ajymjyygonff?
&Gmom;onf ol.tusôtdwfuyftwGif;rS pmtdwftm; xkwf,lum u|ef
awmfhudk ay;vmonf? u|efawmfonf xkd&Gmom;ay;vmonfh pmtdwfudk uref;uwef;
azmuf+yD; zwf=unfhvdkufonff?
pmwGif u|efawmf.trnfESifh arG;Zmwdòr@&Gmwkd@.trnfrsm; yg&Sdovkd rauG;
e,fbufY wdkufyGJwckwGif usqHk;oGm;onfh tudk0rf;uGJawmfol tv,fydkif;wdkif;. wdkif;
wyfrSL; Adkvf}uD;wdk;atmif ta=umif;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;avonf? ,if;tjyif pma&;
ay;vmolonf u|efawmfESifh aqGrsKd;eDd;pyffoljzpfa=umif;ESifh awmwGif;Y qif;&Jiwfjywf+yD;
t"dy`m,frJh toufraooifha=umif; tcsdefrDtvif;0ifa&muf&ef yg&Sdygonff? atmuf
wGif pma&;ay;oltjzpf Adkvf}uDd;=unffarmif oeu (1) ppfa=umif; (2) [k yg&Sdonf?
u|efawmfonf Tay;pmtm; rD;±_d@zsufqD;um wyfukef;/ usnf awmifuef
bufodk@ &Gmom;udkyg ac:I qif;vmcJhonf? wem&Dr# c&Dd; tuGmta0;ta&mufwGif
tarmajz&yfem;vdkuf=uonf? &Gmom;ESifh tusdK;ta=umif; aqG;aEG;ajymqdk=u+yD; ol@ukd
&Gmbufokd@ jyefv$wfvdkufonff?
u|eaf wmfonf &Gmom;xHrS rdrw d @kd .&Jabmfrsm; owif;tpteudk &&Scd o hJ nf?
Ttpteowif;rsm;t& &Jabmfrsm;&Sdrnfh ae&mokd@ OD;wnfoGm;cJhonf? 'dkif e,f
aumfrwD (wdu k ef ,faumfrwD) wOD;jzpfonfh &JabmfvaS qmifEiS hf &JabmfwcsK@d tm; aemuf
wae@wGif vlcsif; awG@qHkrd=uayonff?
&JabmfvaS qmifxrH S od&&dS onfo h wif;rsm;rSm c±dik w f yfonf eef@zm e,fbuf
a&mufIae+yD; aemufydkif;wGif owif;tquftoG,f jywfoGm;a=umif;ESifh reD;ra0;
awmwGi;f wae&mY OD;av;ode;f (c) ocifarmif}uD;d ESihf q&muGe;f wd@k &Sad ea=umif;/ ‚wd@k
ESifhtwl &Jabmf (3 - 4) a,mufvnf; twlwuG&Sdaea=umif; wdk@yifjzpfonf?
&efol@xdk;ppfonf oJoJrJrJ jyif;xefaeqJ/ rdk;uvnf; oJ}uD;rJ}uD; ae@pOf&uf
quf &GmoGef;aeqJæ? aygif;avmif;eef@zma'o&Sd aygif;avmif;acsmif;ESifh tjcm;acsmif;
i,fajrmif;i,frsm;onfvnf; a&}uD;a&v#H ajrrsm;yifòyonftxd rdk;uaumif;ae
avonf? u|eaf wmfonf &Jabmf vSaqmifEiS hf aqG;aEG;wkid yf ifum OD;av;ode;f (OD;bode;f )
(c) ocifarmif }uD; (&Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,fygwDaumfrwD)xH pma&;+yD; rdrda&muf&Sdae
a=umif; owiff;ydk@wifjy tpD&ifcHvkdufygonff?
OD;bodef;/ q&muGef;/ &JabmfxGef;&D/ xGef;=unfESifh xGef;oDwdk@ twl wuG&Sdae

35
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
=u.? OD;bodef;onf u|efawmf.wifjycsuft& csufcsif;qdkovdkyif jyefpma&;vkduf
ojzifh jyefpmtjrefa&mufvmonf? ‚.pm wGif u|efawmftm; tif;av;a'obuf
jyefoGm;&efESifh aygif;avmif;eef@zm tajccHa'otm; &efolxdk;ppfqifaeonfh tajctae
udk &Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,faumfrwD0if wOD;jzpfonfh Adkvfykudk wifjytpD&ifcH&ef wm0ef
ay;vmjcif; jzpfonf?
u|efawmfonf Twm0eft& &JabmfvSaqmifESifh aqG;aEG;onf? ‚xHwGif
wyfrS ruse;f rmIxm;&pfco hJ nfh &Jabmfaf iG/ wifO;D / at;aqmif/ xGe;f &ifw@kd use&f adS eojzifh
‚wkd@tm; ac:oGm;&efjzpfonf? xdk&Jabmfrsm;wGif vufeufr&Sd=uay? ‚wdk@. vuf
eufrsm;ukd ‚wkd@wyfu ,laqmifoGm;cJh=uonf? u|efawmfudk,fwdkifrSmvnf; vufeuf
rJh jzpfaeonf? &JabmfvaS qmifxrH S iSu}f uD;awmif"m;&Snw f vufukd ,lum wm0eft&
tif;av;a'obufodk@ tjrefqHk;c&D;xGufcJh&jyefonff?
&Jabmfav;a,mufESifhtwl aoewfvufeufrygbJ rdk;xJa&xJ &efol@xkd;ppf
xJrSm csDwufcJh&jcif; jzpfonf? iSuf}uD;awmif "m;&Snfwvuf tm;ukd;ESifh u|efawmfwdk@
wawGonf [dkauG@ 'Da&Smif/ &efolrsm;ESifh rwdk;rdatmif csDwuf=u&ygonff?
aygif;avmif;jrpfab;ta&muf jrpfa&}uD;aeI &Gmom;ESpfOD;. tultnDESifh
0g;azmifjzifh nOffhtarSmifrSm jzwful;cJh&onff? u|efawmfwkd@ ig;a,mufonf awmvrf;
twdkif; ta&S@bufqDrSef;I wawmifausmfqif; wawmeif;um c&D;jyif; csDwufcJhonf?
Todk@jzifh ESpf&ufc&D;t=umwGif yifavmif;vG,faumfoGm;um;vrf;. taemufbuf
wrdkifausmfr# tuGmwGif wnwm ntdyf&yfem;vdkuf=uygonf?
ntdyf&yfem;=uonfh&GmrSm ytkd@0f&Gmjzpf+yD; ytdk@0fbmompum;ESifhqdkv#if
xDcGxHk (a&at;&Gm) [kac:avonff? xdk&Gm. &Gmvl}uD;ukd tusKd;ta=umif;ajymqdkum
ol@tdrfrSm wnwm tdyfem;cJh=uonf? aemufwae@ rdk;rvif;rD armfawmfum;vrf;ukd
ul;jzwfrnff[k &Gmvl}uD;udk ajymqddkaqG;aEG;&ygonf? &Gmvl}uD;onf acgiff;ndwfum
ytdk@0f bmomjzifh ‘vw&m;udpPtifaxmif;’ (&ygonf udpPr&Sdyg) [kajymygonff?
a&at;&Gm. ytdk0fhvl}uD;tdrfonf opfom;tdrfjzpf+yD; tdrf.tay:xyf
acgi;f &if;bufwiG f bk&m;pifwck&o dS nf? xdbk &k m;pifY bk&m;±kyyf mG ;awmfi,fwql &Sad eav
onf? ajc&if;bufwGif rD;zdkwck&Sdae.? ‚rD;zdkwGif nbufY rD;xnffhI ajcz0g;rsm;
rD;uifum tdyfavh&Sd=uonf? Ta'o. &moDOwku at;jrvSonfhtxJ avuvnf;
wdkufaeao;onf? tdrfatmufxyfonf v,ff,moHk;ud&d,m wdd kvDrdkvDypPnf;rsm;
xm;&Sdonff? vlwcsKd@vnf; tdyfonf[k od&onf?
tdrf.ty:xyfESifh atmufxyfonf twuftqif;avSum;&Sd+yD; tdrfay:xyf
wGif tdrOf ;D =urf;jyifvnf; &Sod nf? u|eaf wmfw@kd (5) a,muf onf acgi;f &if;wGif &Sad eonfh
bk&m;pifatmufY toD;oD; ae&m,lum rdrdwdk@Y ygvmonfh t&yfvG,f tdwfav;

36
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rsm;tm; acgif;tHk;vkyfI vHkcsnfrsm;ðcHum armarmESifh tdyfvdkuf=uonff?
aemufwae@ rd;k rvif;rD av;emeDtcsed w f iG f tm;vH;k uysmu,m tdy, f mrSx
=u+yD; ðcHxm;onfhvHkcsnfrsm;udk acgufodrf;um vG,ftdwfrsm;xJ udk,fpDxnfht+yD;
tdraf tmufxyfukd qif;=uygonf? xdt kd csed Yf tdr&f iS &f mG vl}uD;d .om;onf atmufxyfrS
uarsmaomyg; wufajy;vmonf? ‚u ytdk@0fbmompum;jzifh Armppfom;awG tdrf
atmufwGif a&muf&Sdae+yDd[lI ajymqdkavonff?
TwGif u|efawmfonf iSuf}uD;awmif "m;&Snftm;vufrSudkifI atmufxyf
okd@ a&S@rSae+yD;tqif; avSum;oHk;av;xpfta&mufwGif *sDo&D;aoewfukdukdifum
toiffhtaetxm;ESifh wufvmonfh ppfom; wOD;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qddkif wdk;rd=u.? ppf
om;a&m u|efawmfyg ESpfOD;om; aemufokd@ jyefajy;=uonff?
u|efawmfonf tdrfay:xyf&Sd bk&m;pifatmufY tvsm;arSmufvkdufonf
wGif tdrfatmufxyfrS ypfcwfvmonfh aoewfoHrsm;onf txufb0*f v#HoGm;
rwwf qlnHoGm;awmhonff? &efolrsm; rem;wrf;ypfcwfaeonfh aoewfoHrsm;a=umifh
&JabmfwifODd;ESifh at;aqmifwdk@ ESpfODd;onf tvef@w=um;jzifh tdrfay:wGif [dkajy;'Dv$m;
jzpfaeonff? u|efawmfonf ‚wdk@tm; ae&mYyif0yfae=u&ef atmfajym vkduf&onf?
rdrdonf bk&m;pifatmufwGif tvsm;arSmufum wGm;I &efolrsm;. tajctaeukd
tuJcwf&onf?
tdrftay:xyf bk&m;pifab;&Sd wHcg;aygufi,ftm; tomt,mzGifhum
atmufudkiHk@=unfhvdkufonf? wHcg;aygufi,fESifh wnfhwnfhY ajray:wGif tdrfrdk;onfh
oufi,fyspfwyHk awG@&onf? ‚ae&mw0kdufY &efoltm; wa,mufwavr#yif rawG@
jrif&ay? xd@k a=umifh u|eaf wmfonff teD;&S&d aJ bmfxeG ;f &iftm; avoHw;kd wd;k jzifh “igt h ajc
taeud=k unfah euGmæ wjcm;&Jabmfrsm;vnf;ajymvdu k ”f [kajymvku d t
f +yD; wHcg;ayguf
i,frS oufi,fyspfyHkab;okd@ ckefcsvdkufonf? xdkrStdrf. +cHpnf;±dk;ukd ausmfv$m;um
tjcm;tdrfrsm;udkul;I tumtuG,f,l+yD; &Gmjyifudk xGufEdkifcJhonf?
tvm;wl &JabmfxGef;&ifonf u|efawmfenf;twdkif;yif ckefcsI &Gmtjyifokd@
xGufvmEdkifcJhjyefonf? u|efawmfwdk@ESpfa,mufrSmrl &efol.vufwGif;rS vGwfajrmuf
cJhaomfvnf; usef&Sdonfh &JabmfoHk;a,muf. taetxm;od&Sd&ef vdkayonf? Tt
wGuf u|efawmfwdk@ESpfOD;onf &GmrS armfawmfum;vrf;bufoGm;onfh vloGm;vrf;.
ab; csKHykwfwckxJwGif ykef;atmif;aevddkufonf? vloGm;vlvmrsm;tm; acsmif;ajrmif;
=unfh±_ tuJcwf&onff?
tcsed tf m;jzifrh =umvku
d yf g? &JabmfaiGwa,muf okwo f ;D okwjf ymESihf aygucf s
vm.? vSr;f +yD;toHðyrS u|eaf wmfw@kd reS ;f od+yD; oH;k OD; om;aygi;f rd=uayonf? &JabmfaiG.
ajymcsufrsm;t& &JabmfwifOD;rSmrl oufi,fyspfyHkab;wGif aoewf'%f&mjzifh vJae+yD;

37
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
&efolu zrf;qD;um xkdae&mYyif aoewfESifhypfowfvdkufa=umif; =um;odcJh&onf?
&Jabmfat;aqmifudkrl tdrftay:xyfrSmyif '%f&mr&&SdbJ zrf;qD;um tdrfatmuf
tdrf.+cHpnff;±dk;ab;Yyif aoewfjzifh ypfowfvdkuf=uonff?
(&JabmfaiG) url reufapmtdyf,mrStx 0rf;oGm;vkdI tdrfomwufae
onf? &efolrsm;pwifypfcwfaeonfhtcsdefY tdrfomxJrSmyif &Sdaeonf? tdrfomwHcg;
tm; ydwfxm;&mrS jyefIzGifhxm;um wHcg;.axmifhY ykef;aevdkufonf? &efolrsm;
qkwfcGmoGm;+yD;aemufwGif at;at; aq;aq;ESifh tdrfomua&m &GmxJuyg xGufvmcJh
onf[k ajymjyygonf?
u|efawmfonf TwdkufyGJwGif toufraoaomfvnf; tdrfay:rS ckefcscJhpOf
u b,fzufvufz0g;onf ajray:axmufrdI rnffonffht&m0wˆK wckckjzifh xdcdkufrd
onfrod/ b,ffbufvufz0g;.tv,fwGif '%f&m&Sdaeonf? xdk'%f&monf ao
onftxd ygoGm;rnfh'%f&myg? tvm;wl nmbufwifyg;rSmvnf; ao&mygrnfh ao
ewf'%f&mwck txift&Sm; &Sdaeygao;onff?
u|eaf wmfw@kd o;kH OD;onf r+yD;qH;k ao;aom vkyk if ef;wm0efrsm;t& qufvufI
tif ; av;a'ood k @ csD w uf = u&ayOD ; rnf ? &J a bmf w if O D ; ES i f h &J a bmf a t;aqmif w k d @
ESpfOD;rSmrlum; vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd u|efawmfwkd@tm; v$Jtyfay;um xm0& tem;,l
oGm;=uay+yD? olwkd@onf touf&SifoefaecJhpOfu ygwDESifhawmfvSefa&;tm; ausyGefpGm
tusKd;ðycJh=uavonf? &Jabmfwdk@a&æa&at;&GmteD;tem;rSmyJ xm0& tdyfpuftem;
,l=uygawmh-[lI E_wfqufOD;!Gwfum u|efawmfwdk@oHk;OD;onff ‚wdk@ESifh cGJcGmI
qufvuffcsDwufcJh=u&jyefonff ?
u|efawmfwdk@onf tif;av;a'ookd@ a&muf&SdoGm;=u+yD; OD;av;odef; (OD;b
oddef;) wm0efay; rSm=um;csuft& AdkvfykESifh vlcsif;awG@um tajctae t&yf&yftm;
wifjytpD&ifcHvdkufonf? a&at;ytdk@0f&Gm wGif rdrdwdk@ 5 a,muftm; vmwdkufonfh
&efolwyfonf vG,faumf- rdk;+AJ&Sd ppfwyfrS wyfpkwpkcef@jzpfonf? armfawmfum;jzifh
vma&mufI wdkufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf? aygif;avmif;a'obufrS owif;ay;csuft& (ppf
wyfcsif; a=u;eef;ESifh qufoG,fta=umif;=um;csuft&) jzpfrnf? owif;vHkðcHr_twGuf
rnfr#ta&;}uDd;onfqkdonfESifh t+rJwap awmf vSefa&;owd&Sd&ef vdktyfa=umif;
Ttjzpftysufu u|efawmfwkd@tm; oifcef;pmay;vkdufjcif; jzpfonf?
u|efawmfwkd@ tif;av;a'oa&muf&Sd+yD; oDwif;wygwfcef@t=umwGif jrefrmh
toHa&'D,rkd S toHvi$ o hf mG ;onfo
h wif;w&yfudk ,ckvkd =um;vdu k &f onf? owif;t&
(ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS OD;bodef;/ q&muGef;ESifh aemufyg 5 OD;tm; Armhwyfrawmf
ppfa=umif;wa=umif;rS rnfonfh&uf ( æ ) wGif oajyukef;&Gm taemufbuf awmifus
aus;&Gm. awmifbuf (ryn §æ) &Sd awmwGif;wae&mY taozrf;qD;&&SdcJhonf)

38
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
[lIjzpfonf? ‚wdk@ESifhtwl ta&;}uD;onfh pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;tm; odrf;qDd;&&Sdonf
[lIvnf; a=unmoGm;onf?
Towif;tm; a&'D,dkrS =um;vdkuf&onfhnwGif u|efawmfonf tdyfIyif
r&? pdwfraumif;jzpfaerdonf? wu,fhtjzpfrSefonf a&'D,dkrS a=unmonfhowif;ESifh
uGJjym;jcm;em;aeygonf? trSefrSm Todk@jzpf.? OD;bodef; (c) ocifarmif}uDd;/ q&m
uGef;ESifh &JabmfvSaqmif/ xGef;&D/ xGef;=unf/ xGef;oD/ (trnfrrSwfrdolwa,muf) aygif;
7 a,muftm; t&Sifzrf;qDd;rd=uonf? zrf;qDd;rdpOftcgu rnfolrnf0grSef; ppfa=umif;
rSL;u rod&Sday? ta&;}uDd;onfh vl}uDd;rsm;[kom odaeonf?
xdktcgY ppfa=umif;rSL;onf awmifusaus;&Gmvl}uD; OD;xGef;&ifESifh &Gmom;
wcsdK@tm; qifhac:I ‚wdk@zrf;qD;&&Sdxm;onfholrsm;tm; jyoum rnfolrnf0g
jzpfa=umif; ppfaq;ar;jreff;cJhonf? &Gmvl}uDd;ESifh&Gmom;rsm;u rod&Sda=umif; ajymqdkjiif;
qefonf? &efoo l nf ‚&Gmom;rsm;tm; enfrsKd ;pHjk zifh ±du
k Ef u
S f ppfaq;=u&m OD;bode;f
(c) ocifarmif}uD;onff rdrrd supf ad &S@arSmufY vlx'k uk aQ &mufae=uonfudk rjrifr±_&uf
ojzifh &efoltm; “rif;wdk@odcsifw,fqkd&if ighemrnfu OD;bodef;æocifarmif}uD;
vdk@vnf; ac:w,f” [k ajymvdkufonf? TtcgrS &efolrsm;onf &Gmom;rsm;tm;
±dkufESufn‡if;yef;ae&mrS &yfvdkuf=uonf? ppfa=umif;rSL;onf &Gmom;rsm;tm; ajrusif;
us,fus,fwck twl;cdkif;onf? +yD;v#if xdkajrusif;ab;wGif OD;bodef;/ q&muGef;ESifh
&Jabmfrsm;tm;vHk;udk vufjyefóu;rsm; wkwfaESmifI &yfcdkif;xm;onf? yxrqHk; OD;b
odef;tm; vufeufcsrvm;-taocHrvm;vdk@ar;&m OD;bodef;u“rif;wdk@wawG +rJ+rJ
rSwfxm;=u? uGefjrLepfqkdwm b,fvdkyJ +cdrf;ajcmuf +cdrf;ajcmuf a=umuf&GH@=uolawG
r[kwfbl;? b,fawmhrSvnf; vufeufrcsbl;” [kajymvdkuf&m csufcsif;yJ ypfowfvdkuf
=uonf? tvm;wl q&muGef;udkvnf; ar;onf? “vufeufrcsbl;” qdkIyif ypf
owfjyefonf? usef&Jabmfrsm;ukdvnf; wOD;+yD;wOD; aoewfESifhyif tm;vHk; tqHk;pD&if
vdkuf=uonf?
Ttjzpftysufukd awmifusaus;&Gmom;wcsdK@. ajymjycsufrsm;t& od&SdcJh
&jcif; jzpfonf? Ttjzpfatysufonfomv#if wu,fhtppftrSef jzpfayonf?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if; tdrfapmifhtpdk;&.vufxufwGif &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;
c±dkif. tajccHa'o aygif;avmif;eef@zmonf txdemcJh&avonf? ArmjynfwjynfvHk;&Sd
uGefjrLepfygwD. a'orsm;ESifh tjcm; aom vufeufudkiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;.a'orsm;
tm; 14 vtwGif;Y ppfqifa&;}uD; 180 }udrf/ a'oEW&ppfqifa&; 323 }udrf/ wdkufyJG}uDd;
386 }udrf/ wdkufyJGi,f 2743 }udrf/ &efoltustqHk; 1872/ '%f&m 1959/ zrf;rd
vufeufcs 56583 &Sd+yD; Auy A[dkaumfrwD0if udka,m/ Adkvf!Gef@ armif (vufeufcs)/
oHr%darmifarmif (udkatmifol zrf;rdvufeufcs)/ ocifwifaz (c) udkwif&Dd (usqHk;)/

39
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wdkif;aumfrwD AdkvfxGef;jrifh/ AdkvfvSrdk;/ ODd;}uD;aiG/ udkatmifoef;/ udkvGifarmif/ udkudk}uDd;
(vufeufcs) Adv k o f ed ;f / Adv
k t
f mVm/ OD;bode;f / q&muGe;f / apmaemif}uD;d / ode;f ZH usq;kH [k
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&. a=umnmcsufwGif yg&SdcJhonf?
tdrfapmifhtpdk;&. 6 vtwGif; taxGaxGa&G;aumufyJG usif;y ay;a&;qdk
onfrmS 1960ckEpS f azaz:0g&v D 6 &ufae@usro S m usi;f yay;Edik cf ahJ vonf? vGwv f yf+yD;
w&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyJGjzpfa&;[lonfrSmvnf; wu,fwrf;us ppfwyfonf
qdk&S,fvpfppfAdkvfrsm;.aqG+idrf;-wnf+rJ ppftkyfpkbufudk odomxif&Sm;pGm bufvdkufcJh
=uonf?
Adv
k cf sKyf}uD;ae0if; tdraf pmift h pd;k &. OD;pm;ay;aqmif&u G cf suo
f nf uGejf rLepf
acsr_ef;a&;yif jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh uGefjrLepfygwDrS acgif;aqmifrsm;/ au'grsm; tawmf
rsm;rsm;yif usqHk;cJh=u&onf? usqHk;cJh=u&onfh uGefjrLepfygwDrS yk*~dKvfrsm;onf wcsdef
u e,fcsJhqef@usifa&;/ trsdK;om;vGwfvyfa&;/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&; wdkufyJGrsm;wGif
a&S@wef;rS wufºupGm yg0ifcJh=uolrsm;yif jzpfcJh=uavonf?
uGefjrLepfrsm;onf ppfvdkvm;olrsm; r[kwfacs? +idrf;csrf;a&;/ 'Drdkua&pDa&;/
wdkif;jynf zHG@òz;wdk;wufa&;udk tpOfwpdkuf vdkvm;olrsm;yif jzpf.? vuf&Sd Armjynf.
jynfwGif;ppfudk pwifI rD;ysdK;ay;cJholonf OD;ausmf+idrf;ESifh zqyvxJu yk*~dKvfwcsdK@
yifjzpfonf?
TonfESifhywfoufI 1960ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv taxGaxG a&G;aumufyJG
umv. jzpf&yfwckudk tvsOf;oifhI wifjyvdkayonf?
Ekwif oef@&Sif;tkyfpkrS a&G;aumufyJG udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;jzpfonfh Adkvfrif;acgif
onf rEWav;òr@Y rJqG,fw&m;yJGwck rwfv 6 &ufae@wGif ðyvkyfcJhonf? xdkw&m;yJGY
Adkvfrif;acgifonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtm; zqyvtwGif;rS xkwfy,fcJh&jcif;ESifh
awmcdkcJh&jcif;onf ODd;ausmf+idrf;.vufcsufyifjzpfonf[k &Sif;vif;pGm ajymqdkcJhonf?
TonfrSm jynfwGif; ppf.w&m;cHtm; &Sif;vif;pGm yGifhusapvkdufjcif;yif jzpfonf?
TtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyw GJ iG f yrnwtzJ@G r(S jynfwiG ;f ppf &yfpaJ &;/ jynfwiG ;f
+idrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf=u) [lonfh aºu;a=umfoHjzifh a&G;aumufyJG 0ifcJhonf?
yrnwtzJG@. jynwGif;ppftay: xm;&Sdonfh oabmxm;tjrifonf Arm
jynfolrsm;. tppftrSefqEN tjrifyif jzpfonf? uGefjrLepfygwDonfvnf; xdktjrif
tm; axmufcHcJhygonf/

40
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
964 - 65
1964
aEG j yif j yif a&jyif y if a vmif ò ruf o nf h rD ; yG m ;ES i f h rD ; awmuf r sm;

aEG&moDaEGumvY a&jyifwGif rD;yGm;rD;awmufrsm; usa&muful;cwf avmif

òrufcJhavonf? Tpum;ukd =um;v#if ya[VdozG,f jzpfaumif; jzpfaeayrnf? tajc
taetrSefukd od&Sdv#ifrl TudpPukd em;vnfoabmaygufEkdif=uvdrfhrnf xifygonf?
xkdpOfu tajctaeukd &Sif;vmif;wifjyygrnf? Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD A[dk
onf 1963 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtpdk;&ESifh jynfwGif; ppf&yfpJa&;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;
csrf;a&;twGuf aphpyfaqG;aEG;yJGrsm;udk &efukefwGif ðyvkyfcJhonf? odk@aomf awmfvSefa&;
aumifpD tpdk;&onf aqG;aEG;yJGrsm;tm; wzufowf zsufodrf;cJhavonf? aqG;aEG;yJGrsm;
ysuf+yD;aemufY qufwdkufqdkouJhodk@ ppfa&;xdk;ppfrsm;vnf; qifE$Jvmonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwDtwGuf ckcHppfukd qufvufqifE$Jjcif;rS
ty tjcm;enf;vrf; r&Sdacs? ‚twGufa=umifh jzpfay:aeonfh tajctaersm;tay:
rlwnf+yD; vrf;pOfw&yfudk a&;qJGcsrSwfcJh&onf? ‚vrf;pOfonf ppfEdkifa&;/ tm%m
odrf;a&; vrf;pOf odk@r[kwf 64 vrf;pOf jzpfonf?
xdk 64 vrf;pOf.tcsKyfonf rlv 55 vrf;pOftm; y,fzsufvkduf+yD; vufeuf
udkifwdkufyJGukd t"duwdkufyJGo¿meftjzpf owfrSwfum xdkwdkufyJGo¿meftm;
r¾dKifxm;I tjcm;aomwdkufyJGo¿mefrsm;jzifh aygif;pyfusifhoHk;a&;qkdonfh vrf;pOfyif
jzpfonf? ygwD0ifrsm;onff rdrdwdk@ygwD. txuftqifhrS csrSwfonfh vrf;pOftm;
wzufwGif rdrdqENESifh rudkufnDv#if jyefvnf wifjy wdkufyJG0ifEdkif.? tjcm;wzufY
wufºupGm taumiftxnfazmf&ef wm0ef&Sdavonf?
&Sr;f jynfe,f awmifyikd ;f c±dik o
f nf 64 vrf;pOftm; rdred ,fajra'oY vufawG@
taumiftxnfay:atmif azmfaqmif=u&ayrnf? txl;ojzifh vufeufudkifwyf
pnf;±Hk;a&;ESifh wnfaqmufa&;onf &efolacsr_ef;a&;vkyfief;ESifh qufpyfaeacs.?
&efoltm; acsr_ef;Edkifv#if rdrdwyf ckdifrm}uDd;xGm;Edkifayrnf? Ttcsif;t&mESpfckonf
yËdyuQvnf;&Sd aygif;pnf;nD!Gwfr_vnf;&Sdonfht&m[k qddkavonf? azmfjyyg tqdk
trdef@rsm;ESifh ppfw&m;rsm;t& &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkifonf &efol acsr_ef;a&;
vkyfief;tm; rdrdtajctaeESifh aygif;pyfI vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf=u&ayrnf? TumvwGif
&Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkifwyfonf vl/ vufeuftiftm; 30 0ef;usifr#om &Sdae
onf? &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkif&Sd a'orsm;wGif tajccHa'orSty usefa'otm;vHk;
Y tpdk;&ppfwyf. wyfpcef;rsm; &Sdae=uonf? anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'oukd ygwD
taejzifh ajratmufb0rS wpwpESifh ppfa'otjzpfokd@ ajymif;vJa&muf&Sd&eff óu;pm;
ae&onfhtcsdef jzpfonf?

41
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'owGif rlvu anmifa&$òr@Y &Jpcef;wckEiS hf ppfwyfrS
ppfpcef;wckr#avmufom &Scd o hJ nf? tif;av; t aemufbuf urf;ajcwGif acgiw f ikd af us;
&GmY pkpcef;&Sd+yD; ta&S@bufurf;ajcrS rdkif;aomuf&GmwGifvnf; pkpcef;wck &Sdae.?
ee@fyef&GmwGif &Jpcef;wckESifh tif;aygckef&GmwGif wyfpdwfpcef;wck toDd;oDd;jzef@=uuf
ae&m,lxm;=uonf?
anmifa&$e,fESifh pum;e,ftpyf&Sd aus;&GmwcsdK@wGif ppfwyfu wdk;csJ@ ae&m
,lvmonf? bDvl;acsmif;ab;&Sd awmifbdkaus;&GmwGif wpk tiftm;jzifh pcef;xdkifum
usdKif;cef;}uD;&GmwGifvnf; wpkcsxm;onf? pum;a'orSmvnf; pum;òr@Y &Jtiftm;
30 cef@ESifh ppfwyfrS wpkcef@ &Sdae.?
u,m;jynfe,f z,fcHkòr@ESifh pum;òr@t=um;&Sd eef@wkwf&GmY ppfwyfrSwpk
ae&m,lxm;onf? azmfjyyg &efol - rdrd taetxm;rsm;ESifh tajctaersm;t& vuf
awG@wGif rnfuJhodk@ taumiftxnfazmfrnfukd tav;teufxm; pOf;pm;&ayonf?
&Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkif aumfrwDonf wydkifwEdkifwdkufyGJwyJGazmf&ef u|efawmhftm;
wm0efay;vmonf? ay;tyfvmonfh wm0eftm; wwfpGrf;or# óu;pm;&ayrnf?
&Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkif wyfzJG@wGif wdkufyJGtawG@tñuH&Sdonfh wyfom;OD;
a&onf tenf;pkom jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh tv,fydkif; Arm jynfwdkif;rS wyfpdwfwpdwf
tm; tultnDawmif;cJh&onf?
&efolv_yf&Sm;r_ESifh owif;&&Sda&;twGuf udk,fwdkifyif ±kyfajymif;±kyfv$JESifh
óu;yrf;cJh&onf? wyfwGif;rS oifhavsmfrnfh &JabmfESpfOD;udk a&G; cs,f+yD; owif; axmuf
vSrf;a&;wm0ef ay;tyf&onf? Tenf;jzifh owif;rsm; pkaqmif;jcif;udk ðyvkyfcJh&onf?
&moDuvnf; aEG&moD? aEG.tyl&Sdefvnf; jyif;xef/ O=oiSufuvnf; opfyif
xufY waumifwnf; wa=umfa=umf wGefusL;aeacsonf? vGrf;armzG,f&m Tor,
rSm tif;av;uef. a&jyifvnf; wpwp usOf;ajrmif;vmaeacsonf? u,m;jynfe,f
vG,faumfbufudk pD;qif;aeonfh bDvl;acsmif;a&onf pum;e,fbufY 'l;/ aygif&if;r#
om &Sdawmhonf? anmifa&$e,f tif;av;uef. ae&mwcsdK@wGif a&rsm; cef;ajcmufvm
aeonf? TtcsdefY xdka'oonf v,fwnfI pyg;rsm; pdkufysdK;=uonf? tif;av;rS
u,m;jynfe,f vG,faumfoGm; yJhcsdwfpufavSrsm;ESifh ±dk;±dk;avS}uD;rsm;onfvnf;
oGm;vm&cufcJum twd'kuQ a&muf=u&csdef jzpfonf?
ppfwyfrS wyfpwk pkonf awmifw&kd mG Y wyfpx JG m;onf? T&Gmonf tif;av;
yHkjyifrsm;teuf wcktjzpf yg0ifonfh&Gm jzpfonf? xdk'¾m &DyHkjyifu Todk@ qdkacsonf?
tavmif;pnforl if;vufxufY rif;}uD;onf rdb&k m;rsm;ESihf tac|t&Hrsm;yg azmifp=um
pD;I wdik ;f cef; vSnvhf nfvm&m tif;av;a'ota&mufwiG f azmifp=umonf awmifpeG ;f
wck ESifh+idum azmif&yfI wifaeavonf? xdktcgY tavmif;pnfolrif;onf pdwfqdk;

42
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rmefqdk;jzifh yg&Sdvmonfh }udrfp=umjzifh ±dkufvdkuf.?
xkdtcgusrS +idaeaom a&azmifonf vdk&modk@ oGm;Edkifawmhonf? }udrfp=um
jzifh ±dkufonfhawmifonf tv,frSuGJum ta0;wae&mtxd vGifhpifoGm;.? xdkawmif
uGJajrcJponf awmifi,fwvHk;yrm wnf&Sdaeavonf? Tae&mtm; awmifwdk[k
ac:qdk=uonf? xdkawmifwdk&Gm. &Gmv,fwGif bk&m;apwDwqlukd wnfxm; ukd;uG,f
vmcJh&m ,cktcg tif;av;a'oY awmifwdk&GmESifh awmifwdkbk&m;wkd@ukd txift&Sm;
awG@&SdEkdifayonf?
tif;av;a'owGif azmifawmfOD;bk&m;onf owif;u|wf umvY anmifa&$
òr@o@dk a&azmifjzifh a'opm&Dºujref;avh &So d nf? xkt d cgY bk&m;azmifonf TawmifuJG
awmifaygufae&mtm; OD;pGm&nfpl;I azmifOD;wdkuf=u&onf? wenf;tm;jzifh OD;cdkuf±dk
usdK;jcif;yif jzpfonf? onfhaemufrSom bk&m;.a&azmifonf vdk&mt&yfokd@ a'opm&D
ºujref;Edkifacsonf? ,ae@txdyif xdktpOftvm &Sdaeao;onf?
u|efawmfonf &&Sdaomowif;rsm; pdppfr_t& cv& 17 wyf&if; . cJG 1 rS
Adkvf}uD;armifarmif OD;pD;onfh wyfcJGwcGJ z,fcHkòr@wGif tajcðyvsuf&Sda=umif; od&Sdae
onf? TwyfcJGrS wyfpkwpkonfvnf; tif;av; a'o awmifwdk&GmY pceff;xdkiftjzpf
&Sdaeonf? Twyfpkonf wvw}udrf yHkrSefqdkovdk vukef&ufrsm;wGif xdk&GmrS yJhcsdwf
pufavSrsm; jzifh z,fcHkòr@odk@ vpmaiGESifh &duQmrsm; oGm;a&mufxkwfavh &Sdonf[kvnf;
od&onf?
u|efawmfonf T&efoltm; wdkufcdkuf&eftwGuf pum;e,f awmifydkif;odk@
wyfESifhtwl csDwufcJhonf? bDvl;acsmif;ab; awmwGif;wae&mY ,m,Dpcef;csonf?
Tumv. ae@wae@wGif pum;e,f&Sd eef@oJ&GmESifh v,fwdkif&GmrS &Gmom;ESpfOD;onf
wufºu0rf;ajrmufpGmESifh owif;vmydk@onf? ‚wkd@ESpfODd; owif;ydk@csuft&qdkv#if
yJch sw
d pf ufavS 3 pD;d jzifh ppfom; 20 cef@onf z,fcb kH ufo@kd qif;oGm;onf? onfvrf;rSyif
olwkd@ jyefvmEkdifzG,f&Sdaeygonf?
u|efawmffonf bDvl;acsmif;taemufbufurf;&Sd awmwGif;wae&modk@
rdrdwyfudk ae&mcsxm;vdkufonf? nae-ae0if&Dwa&m vloGm;vlvmjywfcsdefY wyf&Sd
pkrSL;/ pdwfrSL;rsm;tm; ac:I wdkufuGufae&mtwGuf &SmazG=unfh±_=uonf?
aemufwae@ rdk;rvif;rDrSmyif &SmazG=unfh±_xm;onfh wdkufuGufae&mwGif
wyfudk ae&m,laponf? pm;aomuf&eff xrif;[if;udkvnf; rdk;rvif;rDuyif csufðywfI
tif z uf r sm;jzif h x k y f u m wOD ; pD t m; a0iS a y;xm;+yD ; jzpf o nf ? yxrw&uf w G i f
wdkufuGuftwGif;Yyif rdk;csKyfarSmifrnf;onftxd apmifhaomfvnf; &efolrsm; ay:
rvmacs? xdk@a=umifh u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf wdkufuGuftwGif;rS xGufcGmum ntdyf
pcef;csxm;onfh ae&mokd@ jyeffI tem;,l tdyfpufvkduf=uonf?

43
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
aemufwae@rSmvnf; yxrae@uJhodkyif rdk;rvif;rD wdkufuGuftwGif; ae&m,l
xm;=ujyefonf? reufydkif; 11 em&DtcsdefY yJhcsdwf pufavSrsm; bDvl;acsmif;twdkif;
qefwufvmonfhtoHrsm;ukd =um;=um;vmae&onf? &Jabmftm;vHk;onf rdrdwdk@
udkifaqmifxm;=uonfh aoewfrsm;tm; wòyifwnf;qdkovdk armif;cvkwfrsm;tm;
wifvdkuf=uonf? +yD;v#if awmvdkufrkqdk;rsm; om;aumiftm; acsmif;ajrmif;ae
onfhyrm wdwfqdwf+idrfoufpGm apmifhqkdif;ae=uonfrSm tyfusonhf toHukdyif
=um;&rwwf jzpfonf?
&efolrsm;pD;eif;vmonfh yJhcsdwfpufavS 3 pD;onf wpD;ESifhwpDd; udkuf 30 r#
tuGmwGif a&S@aemufwef;+yD; a&pD;ukd qefI aES;auG;pGmjzifh wpwp wdkufuGuftwGif;
od@k 0ifvmaeacs+yD? a&S@q;kH rS yJch sw
d pf ufavSY yg&o
dS nfh &efopl pfom;rsm;teuf wOD;onf
pufavS.OD;xdyfwGif *sDo&D; (G3) aoewfajymif;tm;wifI toifhtaetxm;ESifh
vdkufygvmonf? t&m&mtoifhjzpfae=u+yD;jzpfonfh u|efawmfwdk@wyfzGJ@onf pwifypf
cwfrnfhtzJG@.aoewfoHukd em;pGifhae=uonf? &efol. a&S@OD;pufavSonf pwifypfcwf
rnhf tzJG@qDokd@ a&pD;twdkif; taemufbufurf;ajcrS wa&G@a&G@jzifh eD;uyfvmaeonf?
pwifypfcwfrnfhae&mESifh 10 udkufr# ta&mufwGif aoewfoHrsm;onf rdk;aumif;uif
ESifh a&jyiftESH@ qlnHysH@vGifhoGm;ayawmhonf?
tcsdeftm;jzifh (10) rdepfcef@r#om =umrnf[kxifonf? pufavS (3) pD;ay:&Sd
&efoltm;vHk;onf aoqHk;olaoqHk;/ '%f&m&ol&/ a&xJ usolus jzpfukefonf?
pufavSay:Y ppfvufeufypPnf;rsm;/ tjcm;aom ypPnf;rsm;om usef&Sdaeawmhonf?
&efolppfom; (3) OD;onf a&xJY rwfwyf&yfum ‚wdk@. vufrsm;ukd tay:odk@ ajr‡muf
xm;=uonf? vufeufcs t±_H;ay;onf[laom oauFwyif jzpfonf? wdkufuGuf ae&m
wGif bDvl;acsmif;a&onf acsmif;.tv,fY vl.&ifpdk@r#om&Sd+yD; urf;ab; wbuf
wcsufY vlw&yfausmfr# &Sdaeonf? acsmif;. [dkbuf'D bufurf;onf udkuf (40)
avmufom uGmrnfxifonf//
wdkufyGJcGif&Sif;vif;a&;ESifh rdrdwdk@.vHkðcHa&;twGuf ppfajrjyif ppfenf;em
rsm;t& aqmif&Guf=u&onff? vufajr‡mufaeonfh ppfom; (3) ODd;tm; ac:,lppfaq;
ar;jref;rlrsm; ðyvkyf&onff? '%f&m&ppfonf (2) ODd;tm; rddrdwyfrS aq;&Jabmfrsm;u
pepfwus aq;ukoay;=uonf? aoewf'%f&m vHk;0r&&Sdonfh ppfom;wODd;onf
pufavS (3) pD;tm; ODd;pD;tkyfcsKyfvmonfh wyf=uyf}uD;pHcifqdkol jzpfae.? ‚onf
udk,f cE<mawmifhwif;}uH@cdkifum touftm;jzifh (30) 0ef;usifr#om &Sdrnf xifonff?
ppfr_xrf;oufonff (13) ESpf&Sd+yD qkd.? ‚.Zmwdonf yckuULjzpf+yD; ‚OD;pDd;aom
wyfpkonf tif;av;a'o awmifwdkaus;&GmwGif pcef;xdkiftjzpf wm0ef,lxm;cJhonf?
,ck ppfonftiftm; (19) a,muf ESifhtwl z,fckefòr@&Sd cGJrSL; Adkvf}uD;armifarmifxH

44
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
oGm;a&mufI wyfpktwGuf vpmaiGESifh &duQmrsm; xkwf,ljcif; jzpfonf[kqdk.? ‚.
wyfpkrS wyfom;wOD;onfvnf; r*Fvmaqmif&ef&Sdaeonf? ‚twGuf vddktyfrnfh
ypPnf;rsm;vnf; 0,f,lvmcJh=uonf? r*Fvmaqmifrnfh wyfom;onf '%f&m&&Sdonfh
(2) OD;teuf wODd;jzpfaeonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf wyf=uyf}uD;pHcifESifh '%f&m&ppfonf (2) OD;tm; Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD. ppffoHk@yef;qdkif&m oabmxm; ay:vpD rsm;ukd &Sif;vif;ajymjyonf?
onfhaemufwGifrlum; ‚wdk@udk z,fcHkòr@udk jyefoGm;&ef pDpOfay;&onff?
TwdkufyGJtwGif; odrf;qnf;&&Sdvdkufonfh ppfvufeuf ypPnf; rsm;rSm *sDo&D;
(G.3) (7)vuff/ *sDzdk; (G.4) (1) vuf/ ,l*dkpwif; (2) vuf/ vufypfzHk; avmiffcsm (79)
-(1) pkpkaygif; vufeufrsKd;pHk (11) vuf/ usnfrsKd;pHk (2800)ceff@ESifh ppfausmyddk;tdwf
(14) vHk;/ ArmusyfaiG (3000) eD;yg;wkd@ jzpf=uonff? tjcm;ypPnf;rsm;vnf; odrf;qnf;
&rdygao;onf? u,rf; (ya'gif) csuft&uf oHjzLykH;}uDd;wykH;ESifh oeyfcg;wkH;rsm;/ rdef;r
0wf tusôvHkcsnfrsm; jzpfayonf? usefvuf eufrsm;ESifh cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;rSmrl
a&xJ usukefonff? teD;tem;&Sd &Gmrsm;rS &Gmom;tcsKd@tm; tultnDawmif;I a&ikyf
&SmazGaomfvnf; rdk;csKyf arSmifrnf;onftxd *sDdo&D; (G.3) wvufomv#if &SmazG
awG@&Sd&onf?
u|efawmfwdk@ tm;vHk;onff wdkufyGJae&mrS qkwfcGm=uum tultnDay;
onfh &Gmom;rsm;tm; aiGa=u;ay;aomfvnf; r,l=uI ‚wdk@udk u,rf;csuft&uf
oHjzLykH;}uD;wykH;ESifh rdef;r0wfvHkcsnftusôrsm; a0iSay;vdkufonff? xdk@tjyif oeyffcg;
wkH;rsm;/ usm;0wfvHkcsnf tusôrsm;udkvnf; xyfrHay;cJhonff? yJhcsdwfpufavS (3) pD;tm;
avSa&mpufacgif;rsm;yg wdkufyGJjzpfonf@ ae&mYyif pepfwus óu;rsm;jzifh wkyfaESmif
xm;&SdcJhonf? xdkypPnf;rsm;ukd &Gmom;rsm; r,l=u&ef taotcsm aqG;aEG;rSm=um;cJh
onf? ‚ypPnf;rsm;onf ppfwyfydkifypPnf;rsm; r[kkwfay? t&yfom;rsm;. ypPnf;rsm;
om jzpfacsonff?
rdrdwyfzGJ@onf wkdufyGJjzpfyGm;onfhae&mESifh a0;uGmonfh anmifa&$e,ftxd
qkwfcGmcJhonf? xdka'o. wae&mwGif wyftm;tem;ay;um wkdufyGJed*kH;csKyf tpnf;
ta0; ðyvkyfcJh=uonff?
pum;a'o bDvl;acsmif;wdkufyGJ +yD;onfhaemufY xyfrHI wdkufyGJ wyGJazmf&ef
wyf&Sdwyfom;rsm;u jyif;jyonfh pdwfqEN &Sdae=uavonf? TonfrSm obm0us
onf[k qdk&acsrnf? rnfonfh vlyk*~dKvfrqdk rdrd vkyfaqmifcJhonfh tvkkyf}uD;/ i,f
r[l atmifjrifygv#if xyfrHI ðyvkyf vdk=uayonf? xufoefwufºu jyif;jyonfh
pdwf"mwfonfvnf; udef; atmif;vmacsonf? Tonf atmifjrifr_. &v'f[k qdk&ay
rnf? wenf;tm;jzifh ,Hk=unfr_ jzpfavonf? wyf&Sd wyfom;opfrsm;onfyifv#if

45
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vufawG@atmifjrifr_rsm;ESifh xdawG@cHpm;cJh=u&I xyfrH+yD; &efoludk wdkufv#if Edkifrnf/
atmifrnf[k ,Hk=unfae=uonf? vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@ txl;ojzifh ajymufusm;wyfzGJ@
i,frsm;onf TpdwfrsKd;&Sd&ef txl;yif vdktyf.? rdrdonf rajymyavmufaom udk,f
awG@rsm;t& qd&k ygv#if vufeufuikd w f yf wnfaqmuf&mY Ttcsuo f nf ta&;}uD;+yD;
xd a&mufr_vnf; &Sdayonf?
vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;Y ajymufusm;wyfzGJ@i,frsm;onf a,sbk,s
tm;jzifh wdkuf&iff;oif oif&if;wdkufae=u&onf? wkdufyGJrsm;rsm; rwkduf&bl;qkdv#if
wyfom;wyfrSL;rsm;.ppfa&;twwfynmonf t&nftaoG;tm;jzifh jrifhrm;wkd; wuf
jcif; &Sdvmrnfr[kwfacs? wyfom;rsm;. udk,fpDwkdufyGJynmrSmvnf; tm;enff;ae
acsrnf? rdrduJhokd@aom ajymufusm;wyfzGJ@i,frsm;onf ppfa&;vkyfief;wm0eftjyif
vlxkpnf;±Hk; a&;tvkkyfrsm;yg xrf;aqmif=u&avonff?
u|efawmfwdk@onf f&efoltm; aemufxyf wkdufckduf&ef ae&m ajymif;a&$@&ay
rnf? tif;av;a'o&Sd wHigonfrsm; ae&majymif;a&$@ ig;&SmouJhokd@ jzpfacsonf?
tifaygckef&Gmonf tdrfajc 500 r#&Sd+yD; tif;av;a'owGif xif&Sm;onfh
&Gm}uD;w&Gm jzpfonf? xkd&Gmonf aiGa=u;csrf;om ºu,f0olrsm; aexdkif=uonf?
ydk;csnfjzifh &ufvkyfonfh txnfvkyfief;rsm;tm; w&GmvHk;eD;yg; vkyfudkif=uavonf?
aiGa=u;t&if;tESD; csdK@wJholrsm;onf tca=u;aiG,lI &ufvkyf=u&.? aiGa=u;t&if;
tESD;&Sdolrsm;rSm vkyfom;rsm; iSm;&rf;Ivnf;aumif;/ jrif;aumifa& 20-25 &Sdrnfh
tif*sifpufuav;rsm;jzifhvnf;aumif; &ufvkyf=uayonf?
xdktcsdefumvY tif;av;jzpff ydk;xnftif;av;vHkcsnfonf Armjynf wjynf
vHk;wGif emrnf&SdcJhavonf? Tydk;xnfvkyfief;ukd or0g,renf;jzifh vkyfudkif=uonf[k
od&onf? &ufvkyf+yD;txnfrsm;udkvnf; xdkor0g,r taqmuftOD (xdk&Gmom;
rsm;. tac:ta0:t& ,leD,H Union) wGif xm;&Sd=u&onf?
Tvkyfief;rS &&Sdonfh tjrwftpGef;ESifh t&if;tESD; aiGa=u;rsm;tm; awmif
}uD;òr@&Sd EdkifiHawmfb%fcJG±Hk;rS wvw}udrf txkwftoGif; tydk@t,lvkyf=uonf[k
od&onf? TtwGuf ppfwyfrS Adkvftqifh&Sdol Adkvf&JvSqdkolESifh wyfpdwfwpdwfukd
xdk&GmY csxm;=uonf?
tif;aygcek &f mG .taetxm;onf a&ay:wGif wnfxm;onfh &Gmyifjzpfonf?
&GmESifhrvSrf;rurf;wGif ajray:Y aqmufvkyfxm;onfh ysOfaxmifoGyfrdk; ESpfxyfausmif;
aqmif txufweff;ausmif;wdk@ &Sdae=uonf? &GmESifhTausmif;tm; nbufY v#yfppfrD;
rsm; xGef;n‡dxm;ojzifh rD;a&mifESifha&a&mifwkd@a=umifh &Gm.tvSusufoa&rSm wrsdK;
qef;opfaeavonf?
xdk&GmY&Sdaeonfh Adkvf&JvSESifh wyfpdwftm; wdkufcdkuf&ef rdrdwdk@ &nf&G,fxm;

46
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
onf? TtwGuf vdktyfrnhfjyifqifr_rsm;ESifh owif;rsm;&&ef axmufvSrf;r_rsm;
ðyvkyf=u&onf? &JvSonf or0g,r taqmuftOD teD;&Sd oD;oef@tdrfwGif ZeD;/
om;orD;wkd@ESifh twlaexdkifavonf? wyf=uyf}uD;wOD;ESifh wyfpdwfukdrl &JvS aetdrf
ESifhuyfvsuf oD;jcm;tdrfwGif xm;&Sdonf?
ydk;xnfvkyfief; orrefae*smonf xdk&GmrS &Gmom;wOD; jzpfonf? ‚onf
ortaqmuftODd. tay:xyfY ±Hk;cef;zGifhI aexdkifonf? xdkyk*~dKvfESifhtwl Arm vuf
ESdyfpuf 2 vHk;&Sd+yD; vukef&ufrsm;wGif awmif}uDd;òr@odk@wufI usyfaiG 10 odef;rS 15
odef;cef@ tydk@toGif; ðyvkyfonf[k od&Sd&onf?
TwdkufyJGtm; u|efawmfESifh tv,fydkif;Armjynf wdkif;wyfrS 'k-wyfrSL; rv_dif
òr@om; Advk yf k (c) Adv k 0f if;wd@k u OD;pD;=u&rnf? u|eaf wmfw@kd EpS Of ;D onf tif;om; 0wfprkH sm;
qifjref;I &GmtwGif;okd@ 0ifa&mufuif;axmuf=uonf? ‚tzGJ@ukd wdkuf&ef tckdif
trmqHk;jzwfvkduf+yD; vukef&ufukd apmifhqdkif;&if; jyifp&m&Sdonfwkd@ukd jyifqifaecJh=u
onf?
&JvES iS hf wyfpw d tf m; wdu k cf u
kd rf nfh wdu
k yf eGJ nf;emonf ta,mifaqmif yHrk mS ;
±dkufonfh enf;yifjzpfonf? Tenf;onf tvpftidkuf &Edkifacs&Sdrnf? u|efawmfwdk@wGif
pum;e,f-bDvl;acsmif;wdkufyJGrS odrf;qnf;&&Sdxm;onfh cv& 17/ cGJ 1 rS wyf=uyf}uDd;
pHcif.wyfpkrS ppf0wf pHkrsm;ESifh wHqdyfrsm;/ wyftrSwftom;rsm; tjynfhtpHk &Sdaeonf?
&JvSESifhtwl &Sdaeonfh wyfpdwfonf pepfwus ðyvkyfxm;aom usnfuG,f
rsm; cHuwkwrf sm; r&Sad cs? a&ay:wGif aqmufvyk x f m;onfh ±d;k ±d;k tdrYf yif aexdik =f uonf?
wdkufrnhf rdrdwdk@wyftaeESifhvnf; T ta,mifaqmif yHkrSm;±dkufonfh wdkufyJG tawG@
tñuH r&Sdaomfvnf; ajz&Sif;Edkifrnf[k ,Hk=unfxm;onf? xdk@a=umifh a=u;pm;wyfrsm;.
tajymtqdk tavhtx trltusifhrsm;ukd rdrd.wyfom;rsm; avhusifhap&onf?
o¿mefvkyf t[kwfwl&rnf qdkonfhtwdkif;yif jzpf.?
rdr. d wyfwiG f a=u;pm;wyfrS ul;ajymif;vmol oH;k OD;d &SI d T twGuf wpHw k &m
taxmufulðyayvdrfhrnf? &Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,faumf rwDwODd;jzpfonfh Adkvfykonf
TtcdsefY rdrdwdk@ESifhtwl &Sdaeonf? tm;vHk; jyifqif+yD;I vukef&ufvnf; a&muf
vmay+yD? wdu k yf 0GJ if&ef wyfxu G cf g eD;Y ±kww f &ufqo kd vdk u|eaf wmfonf iSuzf sm;a&m*g
xvmacs.? wdkufyJGwGif u|efawmfrygEdkifawmhay?
u|efawmf.ae&mwGif c±dkifaumfrwDwOD;jzpfonfh Adkvf!Gef@armifu wm0ef
,l&avonf? Adkvf!Gef@armif/ Adkvf0if;wdk@ OD;pD;onfh vltiftm; 40 ausmfr#&Sdrnfh
wyfonf a=u;pm;wyf. ppf0wfpHkrsm;jzifh yJhcsdwfpuf avSrsm;pD;I csDwufoGm;=uonf?
xdak e@nae ae0ifzsK;d zstcsed Yf wyfz@GJ 0iftm;vH;k onf owfrw S xf m;onfh qHrk w S af e&mok@d
tðyH;ukd,fpDjzifh jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm=uonf?

47
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
olwdktm;vHk;. ajymqdkcsufrsm;t& Adkvf&JvSESifh or-refae*sm tyg wyfpdwf
wpdwfonf vGefcJhonfh&ufuyif awmif}uDd;òr@odk@ wufoGm;=uavonff? &GmwGif wyf
om; 2 OD;ESifh wyf=uyf}uD;wOD; usefcJhonf? ‚wdk@onfvnf; teDd;tem;&Sd &Gmw&GGmY
r*FvmaqmifomG ;ae=uI &GmwGirf &S=d uacs? or0g,rydik f aiG 10 ode;f vnf; &JvES iS t hf wl
ygoGm;onf[k ajymqdk=uavonf?
xd@k a=umifh orydik yf ;kd xnfrsm;tm; odr;f ,lI taqmuftODtm; a&eHqD "mwf
qDrsm;avmif;I rD;wif±_d@cJhavonf? odrf;qnf;&&Sdonfh ydk;xnfrsm;udk ortvkyf
orm;rsm;ESifh &Gmom;rsm;tm; a0iSay;cJhonf? ArmvufESdyfpuf 2 vHk;ukdrl odrf;,lvmcJh
onf?
TwdkufyJGonf oJxJa&oGef jzpfcJh&I &Jabmfrsm;rSm tHw}udwf}udwf
jzpfae=uonf? ppfrufa&;&mrsm;Y TtjzpfrsdK;ESifh ñuH&avh&Sdayonf?
anmifa&$e,f tif;av;uef.taemufjcrf;ukd oef;awmif ig;ajrmif;[k ac:qdk
avonf? xdka'owGif aEGtcgumvrsm;Yyif pyg;pkdufwwf=uonf? tif;av;uef.
a&onf Ttcsdefumvrsm;wGif tawmfyif enf;yg;cef;ajcmufvmae.?
xdka&enf;aom ae&mrsm;wGif pyg;pdkuf=ujcif; jzpfonf? taemufbuf
awmifurf;.awmifajcwGif oef;awmifacsmif;ESifh em;aËmif;usacsmif;rsm;vnf; &Sdae
onf? Tacsmif;rsm;onf rdk;&moDwGif a&rsm;+yD; tif;av;uefxJodk@ a&oG,fajrmif;rsm;
rSwqifh pD;0if=uonf? a&oG,fajrmif; 5 ajrmif;&SdI Tonfwdk@udk tpJGðyI oef;awmif
ig; ajrmif;[k ac:qkda=umif; od&onf?
‚a'oY aexdkif=uonfh tif;vlrsdK;rsm;onf xdka&oG,f ajrmif;rsm;tm;
trSDðyI &Gmrsm;wnfum aexdkif=ujcif;jzpfonf? a&oG,fajrmif;rsm;. ab;wzuf
wcsufYvnf; uGrf;+cHrsm; pdkufysKd;xm;=uonf? T+cHxGufuGrf;&Gufrsm;ukd &Srf;jynfe,f
tESH@tjyif u,m;jynfe,ftxd pD;yGm;jzpfa&mif;cs=uonf? pyg;&dwfodrf;=u&onfrSm
rd;k &moDumv a&rsm;onft h csed yf if jzpfonf? xdak 'o&Sv d rl sm; aoqH;k tedpP a&mufv#if
oD;jcm;okomefrsm; r&dSacs? uGrf;+cHrsm;.twGif;Yyif jr‡KyfESHo+*õK[f=u&ayonf?
oef;awmifacsmif;.ab;wGif bk&m;apwDwql wnfxm;onf? ‚apwDtm;
oef;awmifbk&m;[k ac:=uonf? teD;rSmvnf; 5 &uf wywfaps; &Sdonf? xdkaps;
udkvnf; oeff;awmifaps;[k ac:qdk=uayonf?
tif;av;vl&nfc|epf cef;f teD;&dS acgiw f ikd af us;&Gmaps;ESihf oef;f awmifaps;onf
ajray:aps;rsm; jzpfonf? awmifay:wGif aexdik =f uonfh ytd0k v hf rl sKd ;rsm;ESihf awmif±;kd vlrsKd ;
rsm;onf Taps;rsm;tm; rSDcdkae=uonf?
oef;f awmifig;ajrmif;a'orS tif;trsKd ;om;rsm; ya'o&mZf qef@usiaf &;Edik if H
a&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; vkyfaqmifcJh=uonfrSm 1946 ckESpf &yvacwfuyif &SdcJhavonf?

48
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
xdka'orS jynfolrsm;onf ya'o&mZfapmfbGm;rsm;. tcGeftaumuf }uD;jrifhr_tm;
qef@usifonfh EdkifiHa&;tzJG@tpnf;w&yfudk xlaxmifcJh=uonf? xdktzJG@tpnf;ukd
‘+cH,m v,form; tpnf;t±Hk;’ [k trnfay; ac:qkdcJh=uonf?
1960 ckESpfw0dkufYvnf; Ta'owGif tif;jynfolrsm; nD!Gwfa&;tzJG@
(tynz) tzGJ@tpnf;w&yfukd zGJ@pnf;wnfaxmifcJh=uao;onf?
‚tzJG@tpnf;onf xdkumvrSmyif taxGaxGygvDref a&G;aumufyJGtm;
0ifa&muf,SOfòyifcJh&m ygvDref trwfae&m 2 ck ,SOfòyif&mY trwfwae&mtwGuf
tEkdif&&dcJhavonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;c±dkifonf tif;av;a'otm;
pwifpnf;±Hk;pOftcgY pum;a'oudk tajccHI oef;awmif ig;ajrmif;a'oudk v#dK@0Suf
enf;jzifh pnf;±Hk;cJh&ayonf? Todk@jzifh u|efawmf wdk@ &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; c±dkifonf
xdka'otm; ajccsEdkifcJhavonf?
anmifa&$òr@&Jpcef;onf oef;awmifaps; vHkðcHa&;ay;&ef &J 2 pdwfudk apv$wf
avh&Sdonf? &Jwyfpdwf 2 pdwfonf xdkaps;ae@wdkif;yif yJhcsdwfpufavSrsm;jzifh vma&mufI
aps;vHðk cHa&;tm; apmifah &Smuf=u&onf? yJch sw
d pf ufavSonf oef;awmifaps;txd oGm;I
r&acs? aps;u ukef;ajray:rSm &Sdaeaoma=umifh jzpfonf? xdk&J 2 pdwftm; wdkuf&ef
u|effawmf jyifqif&onf? OD;pGmtm;jzifh oef;awmifaps;w0dkuf&dS ajrtajctaeudk
avhvmuif;axmuf&onf? aps;teD;&Sd &GmrS &GmoGm;wcsdK@onf csdK;/ cg iSufrsm;wnfI
a&mif;csavh&Sda=umif; od&Sd&onf?
u|efawmfonf &Jabmfwa,mufESifhtwl xdk&Gm&Sd todtdrf wtdrfodk@ oGm;cJh
onf? ‚tdrfrS iSufaxmifonfh ud&d,mtm;iSm;&rf;um csdK;/ cg axmifonfh vlwOD;
tvm; uif;axmufcJhjcif; jzpfonf? Todk@jzifh jyifqifp&m tvkyfrsm;+yD;I oeff;awmif
aps; tóuae@nbufwGif rdrd. wyftm; wdkufuGuftwGif; 0ifa&muf ae&m,laponf?
aemufae@ rdk;vif;I wdkufuGuftwGif;rS 0ef;usifw0dkuftm; tuJcwf =unfh±_
rdonf? vm;ævm; rar#mfvifh onfh jzpf&yfwckESifh wdk;aeacs+yD? ‚rSm wdkufuGufESifh
udkuf 500 r#a0;onfh ae&mY aumuf pdkuforwodkuf aumufpdkufae =ujcif; jzpfonf?
olwdk@tm;oGm;I ajymv#if owif;ayguf=um;+yD; wdkufcdkufa&; tpDtpOf ysufacsrnf?
rajymbJaecJhv#ifvnf; ‚wdk@tm; aoewfxdrSefcJhv#if EdkifiHa&;t& wpHkw&m xdcdkuf
vmEdkifonf? TtajctaerSm rdrdwdk@twGuf r±SLEdkifr±_dufEdkif taetxm;rsdK; jzpfae
onf? rwwfEdkifawmhay? rxdcdkufygap ESifh[k pdwfxJwGif }udwfIqkawmif; ae&onf?
oef;awmifaps;ae@. reuf 7 em&DcJG 8 em&D tcsdefwGif &Jwyftiftm; 2
pdwfcef@onf wdkufuGuftwGif;udk ppfcsDtaetxm;jzifh 0ifa&mufvmacs+yD? r=umvdkuf
yg? aoewfoHrsm; [def;nHay:xGufvmygawmhonf? 8 rdepfcef@ tcsdefwdk twGif; Yyif

49
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
'k-&Jtkyfpdef0if;tyg t0if 14 a,mufao+yD; 4 OD; aoewf'%f&mjzifh wdkufyJGtwGif;
zrf;qD;rdcJhonf? odrf;ydkuf&&Sdonfh vufeufrsm;Y ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewf 1 vuf/ ±dk;±dk;
pwif; 2 vuf/ eHywf 3 b&if; ( MARK 3 Bren Gun) 1 vuf/ ,l*dkpwif; 2 vuf/
usef ±dkifz,faoewfrsm;ESifh usnfrsdK;pHk 1000 cef@ odrf;ykkduf &&SdcJhonf? rdrdbufrS wOD;r#
usqHk;'%f&m&&Sdjcif; r&Sdacs? aumufpdkuforrsm;onfvnf; xdcdkufr_r&Sd? aoewf
oH=um;puyif xGuaf jy;=uav+yD? wdu k yf o
GJ nff &mE_e;f jynfah tmifjrifaomfvnf; &&Sod nfh
vufeufrsm;rSmrl &Jwyfom;rsm; udkifaqmif=u&onfh vufeufrsm; jzpfI &mE_ef;jynhf
auseyfr_r&ay? odk@aomfvnf; &&mESifha&mifh&J=u&avbnf?
Armjynftv,fydkif;wdkif; wyfzJG@onf tif;av;a'o a&jyifay:wGif rD;
awmuf&ef rD;yGm;rsm;tm; csay;cJo h nfh rD;yGm;wyfyif jzpfayawmhonf? Twyf.yHyh ;kd r_jzifh
tif;av;a&jyifwGif rD;v#HrD;awmufrsm; jzpfapcJh ayonf? &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;c±dkif.
rD;awmuf wyfzJG@onf rdrde,fajrY xdkodk@pGrf;&nfrsm; jyoEdkifcJhavonf?
tif;av;a'o uefa&jyifwGif aEG&moD aEGor,rSmyif rD;yGm;rS rD;awmuf&ef
pGrf;aqmifay;cJh=uonfh rD;yGm;ESifhrD;awmufwyf nDaemif ESpfazmfESifh‚wkd@. pGrf;aqmif
csurf sm;tm; aemufaemifwiG v f nf; tif; av;jynforl sm;u trSww f & &Sad e=uvdrrhf nf
jzpfa=umif; TpmESihf *k%fðyrSwfwrf;wiftyfayonf?
(2)
tawG @ tñuH o pf

u|efawmfonf tvkyfwm0efrsm; rnfrnf&& r&Sdao;yg? txuftzGJ@

tpnf;rS ñuHovdkoifhovdk wm0efay;apcdkif;onfudk aqmif&Gufae&onf? vkyfief;Xme
vufudkifr&Sdaom tajctaerSm ocifwifxGef;&Sdrnfh &Srf;jynfe,f ygwDaumfrwD±Hk;
pcef;okd@ oGm;a&mufaexdkifae&onf? Tpcef;wGif u|efawmfhenf;wl wm0eftwdtus
r&Sdao;aom &JabmfwcsdK@udk awG@&Sd&onf? xdk&Jabmfrsm;xJwGif &Srf;jynfe,f tv,f
ydik ;f c±dik af umfrwD &JabmfvaS rmif/ rk&H mG c±dik af umfrwD &Jabmfbarmif (c) pdeaf xG;ESihf tjcm;
trnfrod&Jabmfrsm; jzpf=uonf?
xdkpcef;wGif trsdK;orD;&Jabmf (6 - 7) a,mufr# &Sdae+yD; xdktxJY ocif
wifxGef;/ ZeD; a':cifrav;ESifhorD;}uD; 0g0gxGef;wdk@vnf; yg0ifaeonf? pcef;onf
ausmuf*la'o&Sd awmifolukef;&GmESifh py,fukef;aus;&Gmrsm;.reD;ra0;Y wnf&Sdygonf?
pcef;Y vlOD;a&onf usm;§r }uD;i,ftm;vHk; (50) r# &Sdygrnf? pcef;. vHkðcHa&;twGuf
oD;jcm; tapmifh wyf r&Sdyg? teD;tem;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;rS vli,fvl&G,frsm;onf rdrdwdk@.
pdwfqENjzifh ta0;uif;ozG,f wm0ef,l apmifha&Smufay;=uygonf? &efol@owif;
&&Sda&;udkvnf; xdk&Gmom;rsm;uyif ulnDaxmufvSrf;ay;=uonf? Tpcef;onf

50
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
aus;&Gmjynfolrsm;. apmifha&Smuf ulnDr_jzifh aexdkifvmcJhonfrSm ESpf0uf (6 v) eD;yg;r#
&SdcJhonf[k qkdygonf?
nbufY pcef;vHkðcHa&;udk pcef;wGif;&Sd touft&G,f i,f&G,faom &Jabmf
rsm;rS vufeufrsm;jzifh uif;apmifh =u&ygonf? wnaewGif ocifwifxGef;onf ol.
pm;yGJ (0g;jcrf;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyfxm;aompm;yG)J &Sd&mudk u|efawmfhtm;ac:I aqG;aEG;ygonf?
aqG;aEG;onfhta=umif; t&mrSm Ta'ow0dkufwGif aoewfoHxGuf&ef vdkaeonf?
xdkudpPudk cifAsm;yif wm0ef,lapcsifonf? TtwGuf taumiftxnfazmf&efESifh
toHk;ðyEdkif&efwyfonf teD;tem;&Sd tv,fydkif;c±dkifwyfzG@J udk toHk;ðyEdkifygonf? &Jabmf
vSarmifEiS hf &Jabmfbarmifw@kd EpS Of ;D udk xnfo
h iG ;f wm0efay;rnf[k qdyk gonf? xdu k mvY
&Srf;jynfe,ftv,fydkif; c±dkifwyfzGJ@onf vlvufeuftiftm; (30) r#om &Sdygrnf?
u|efawmfonf rdrdtxufacgif;aqmifwOD;. wav;wpm; ac:,lwm0efay;
onfudk acgif;cgjiif;qefI rjzpfyg? wm0ef,l&ygrnf? odk@aomfvnf; rdrd.pdwfxJwGif
tjyeftvSefpOf;pm;aeonfrSm trSefyif jzpfygonf?
1? u|efawmfonf e,fajra'o ru|rf;usifyg?
2? a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifhvnf; odu|rf;&if;ESD;r_ r&Sdao;yg?
3? wm0ef,lOD;pD;&rnfh rdrd.wyfzGJ@onf olpdrf;yrm jzpfaeygonf?
4? twlwuGvkyfudkif&rnfh au'g (2) OD;onfvnf; vlyk*~dKvfcsif; &if;ESD;r_
r&Sd=uao;yg?
5? ypfazmuf&rnfhaoewfoHonf atmifyGJoHjzpf&rnf[k qdkxm;onf?
6? rdrdonf xdktajctaersm;ESifh Ttvkyfwm0efrsm;udk topftqef;
ozG,f jzpfaeygonf? ,if;a=umifh xdkwm0efrsm;udk xrf;&Guf& rnfjzpfI u|efawmfonf
tenf;i,fr# pdk;&GH@aeygonf?
ocifwifxGef;onf ArmjynfzGm; w±kwftrsdK;om; (oversea Chinese)
wOD;[kod&onf? ‚onf vlr_qufqHa&;wGif trsm;oligESifh rwl/ twk,lzG,f&m
aumif;onf? olonf udk,fhudk,fudk ESdrfhcsonf[k qdk&rnf? &Jabmfrsm;ESifh ajymqdkquf
qH&mwGif touft&G,rf a&G; wm0eftqift h wef;ra&G; tm;vH;k udk cifAsm;u|eaf wmfjzifh
qufqHajymqdkygonf?
u|efawmfonf ycHk;ay:Y usa&mufvmonfh tvkyfwm0efukd aqmif&Guf&ef
twGuf jyifqifp&mrsm;udk OD;pGm vky&f ygrnf? pum;t&mY vG,u f o
l avmuf tvkyYf rl
cufcJygonfqdkaom qdk±dk;pum;onf vufawG@vkyfief;rsm;twGuf rSefuefayonf?
txl;ojzifh ppfa&;ppf&m vkyfief;rsm;wGif ydkIrSefuefrnf[k qdk&ygrnf?
ppfyGJ odk@r[kwf wdkufyGJrsm;onf vl.toufaygif;rsm;pGmESifh t&if;tESD;ðy+yD;
vkyfudkif=u&aomvkyfief;rsm;jzpfI xdktvkyfonf wcsufrSm;v#if toufaygif;rsm;pGm

51
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
qHk;yg;=u&ygonf? ,if;a=umifh trSm; t,Gif; enf;Edkifor#enf;yg;&ef *±kðy=u&ygonf?
ta&S@buf awmifxdyfzsm;ay:wGif ar;wifI xGufjyLvmaeaom aevHk;}uD;
onf wpwp eD&Jum ‚. tvif;a&mifonfvnf; 0if;xdef awmufyI awmawmif
ae&mtESH@Y jzef@cif;aeygonf? aus;iSufowW0gav;rsm;onfvnf; tkyfpkzGJ@um wae
&mrS wae&mudk atmf[pfjrL;wl; ysHoef;um tpm;tpmrsm;yif pm;ae=uygonf?
u|efawmfonf t0wftpm;tenf;i,fxnfhxm;aom ppfausmydk;tdwfudk
ausmrSmyd;k um / umbdik af oewf udk ycH;k wGif vG,v f u kd yf gonf? +yD;v#if ocifwifxeG ;f udk
owif;ydk@E_wfqufum AdkvfvSarmif/ &Jabmfbarmifwdk@ (2) OD;ESifhtwl pcef;rSxGufI
c&D;ESicf =hJ uygonf? tv,fyikd ;f c±dik w
f yfz@JG EiS hf awG@q&kH ef csed ;f qdx
k m;aom ausmufq&kH mG ESihf
zuf&if;ukef;&Gmrsm;qDudk OD;wnfvm=uygonf? reufydkif; (11; 45) em&DwGif a&muf
&Sd=u+yD; xdk&GmYyif reufpmxrif;udk pm;aomuf=uygonf? +yD;v#if (3) OD;om;onf
wyfzGJ@&Sdrnfhae&m a&armif;udk oGm;cJh=uonf?
a&armif;qd&k mrSm a&tm;jzifh ajceif;armif;wHrsm;udk ºuap+yD; pyg;rS qeftjzpf
vleif;ouJhodk@ axmif;onfudk a&armif;[lI ac:a0:a=umif; od&SdcJh&onf? xdka&armif;
rsm;onf a&rsm;&Sdonfh ae&mY a&oG,fajrmif;uav;rsm; wl;&ygonf? wl;xm;aom
a&ajrmif;rS a&rsm;udk oG,f,lum opfom;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyfxm;aom armif;ESifh ajceif;
cGufae&mudk a&rsm;usapygonf? Tenf;ESifh vl.ajcaxmufESifh armif;wHtm; eif;
ouJhodk@ ºuvmapygonf? odk@rSom pyg;rS qeftjzpf axmif;I&ygrnf? xdka&armif;rsm;
onf oufi,fwJ}uD;rsm;jzifh aqmufvkyfum rdk;vHkavvHkjzifh ae@nrjywf qeftjzpf
axmif;=u+yD; tca=u;aiG,lI pD;yGm;jzpf vkyfief;wcktjzpfESifh vkyfudkif=uygonf? wyfzGJ@
tygt0if rdrdwdk@tm;vHk;onf Ta&armif;wJrsm;rSmyif oHk;av; (3 - 4) &uf tcsdef,lI
wdkufyGJtwGuf aqG;aEG; jyifqif=uygonf?
u|efawmfESifhwyfzGJ@onf ,ckrSyif pwifI rsufeSmcsif;qdkif awG@zl; jrifzl;=ujcif;
jzpfonf? vltiftm; (30) r#&Sdonfh TwyfzGJ@wGif &Srf;/ "Ek vlrsdK; vli,ftrsm;pk
yg0ifayonf? ArmvlrsdK; tenf;tusOf;r#om yg&Sdavonf? TwyfzGJ@Y ArmvlrsdK;
'k-wyfpdwfrSL;wOD;onf tpdk;&ppfwyfrS ul;ajymif;vmolwOD;[k od&onf? ‚onf
ajymqdkqufqH&mY a=u;pm;wyfom;wOD;. ±kyfoGifjyiftwdkif;yif jzpfonf? olonf
ppfa&;t& usef &Jabmfrsm;tay:Y txifao;tjrifao; &Sdaeonf? olomv#if
ppftawG@tñuH&Sd+yD; &JpGrf;owWdjynfhpHkolwOD;[k aoG;em;xifa&mufaeonfhyHk ay:vGif
aeonf?
a,bk,stm;jzifh ppfwyf odk@r[kwf vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;wGif wyfwwyf
odk@r[kwf wyfzGJ@wzGJ@udk wyfrSL;topf a&muf&Sdvmv#if xdkwyf&Sd wyfom;rsm;onf
tuJprf;r_rsm; &Sdwwf=uonf? ,ckvnf; ul;ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL;&Jabmfonf u|efawmfhudk

52
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
tuJprf;csifyHk ay:aeygonf? jy\emr&Sdyg? EdkifiHa&;,Hk=unfcsufjzifh wdkufyGJ0ifaeonfh
awmfvSefa&;ppfonfESifh a=u;pm;wyfom;tawG;tac:&Sdolwdk@. &JpGrf;owWdonf
vufawG@wGif rSwfausmufwif=u&ygrnf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf v_yf&Sm;&efoltm; &SmazGwdkufcdkuf&ef ausmuf*le,frS
taemufbufodk@ csDwufcJh=uygonf? txl;ojzifh ArmjynfrESifh &Srf;jynfe,f. e,fpyf
jzpfaom ‘tkef;a=um[Jv,f’e,fajrbuf jzpfonf? xdke,fajrY rEWav;òr@tajcpdkuf
cv& (95) rS wyfpw k pkonf uke;f om&Gm wGif ajcuky,
f l wyfpx
GJ m;ygonf? xdw
k yfptk m;
rEWav;òr@rS vpOf vukef&ufrsm;wGif &duQmESifhvpmaiGrsm; ydk@ay;&ygonf? Todk@ydk@&mY
vHkðcHa&;twGuf ppfwyfrS tiftm; (2) pdwfjzifh ydk@aqmifay;onf[k owif;&&Sdxm;
ygonf? ‚udkwdkuf&ef &nf&G,fygonf?
xdke,fajronf "EktrsdK;om;rsm; rSDwif;aexdkifaom awmawmif xlxyf+yD;
toGm;tvmcufcJonfh a'owck jzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@ wyfzGJ@0iftm;vHk;onf
rdk;wzGJzGJusaeonfh=um;rSmyif wawmeif; wawmifwufjzifh rdk;a&a&m ac|;rsm;yg
vlwdkif;rSm pGwfpdkae=uygonf?
rkH&Gmc±dkifaumfrwD &Jabmfbarmifonf t&yf&Snf+yD; ukd,fcE<m ydefvSDvSI
olonf óu;pm;um 0g;awmifa0S;wacsmif;tm;udk;jzifh csDwufaeygonf? &if;ESD;aom
&Jabmfrsm;u ‚udk usDp,faemufajymif=uygonf? &Jabmfbarmifonf vlysdK}uD;
vnf;jzpf+yD; uGr;f vnf;pm;um oGm;vnf;acgojzifh &JabmfawGu ol@ukd 'DwoufwmrSm
rdef;r&zdk@ rvG,fyg[lI wrsdK;/ awmif,mckwfEdkifv#if rdef;r&Ekdifonf[kwzHk rsdK;pHkatmif
aemuf=uygonf? &Jabmf barmifonf rnfodk@yif aemufajymifapumrl pdwfqdk;jcif;r&Sd/
cifrifI usDp,f=ujcif;omv#ifjzpfonf[k cH,lxm;ol jzpfonf?
u|efawmfonf awmifwvHk;wufaepOfrSm rdk;a&a=umifh ajcacsmfum awmif
atmufodk@usrnftxd jzpfcJhygonf? wufae&onfh awmifonf txl;yif rwfapmuf
vSonf? a&S@udk ajcvSrf;vkdufwkdif; ezl;ESihfajr}uD; *a[quf=urnftxd jzpfygonf?
awmifatmufusrnfqdkv#if rnfol rqdk t±dk;tom;yif &SmawG@=urnf r[kwfyg? rdrd
onf uHaumif;onf[k qd&k ayrnf? ycH;k wGiv f , G x
f m;aom umbdik af oewfonf ycH;k rS
vnf+yD; aoewfajymif;onf ajr}uD;wGifpdkufI aoewf'ifonf &ifbwfudk axmuf
xm;ouJhodk@ jzpfonf? Todk@jzifh awmifatmufodk@usroGm;bJ udk,fudkxdef;xm;ovdk
jzpfaeygonf? xdka=umifh u|efawmfonf aoab;rS vGwfajrmufcJh&onf[k qdk&ygrnf?
u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf ae0ifzsKd;zstcsdefY ukef;om&Gm. ta&S@ bufteD;
a&muf&Sd=uonf? awmif,m vkyfudkifaeonfh a,mufsm;wOD;ukd awG@&Sd&I ac:,lum
owif;rsm; ar;jref;&ygonf? bmowif;rS xl;xl;jcm;jcm;r&Sd[kqdkI xdk&Gmom;udk &Gmokd@
jyefv$wf+yD; &Gmol}uD;tm; ac: vm&ef rSm&ygonf? em&D0uf rdepf (30) cef@t=umwGif

53
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
apv$wfvdkufaom &Gmom;onf wjcm;&Gmom;wOD;ESifhtwl a&muf&Sdvmonf? ‚
&Gmom;u &Gmvl}uD; rvdkufvmEdkifa=umif;ESifh ‚tdrfwGif &JwyfzGJ@u vl}uD;wOD;&SdaeI
&GmxJrSmvnf; tdrfwdkif;aph &Jom;awG &Sdaeonf[k ajymjyygonf? xdka=umifh u|efawmf
wdk@tm;vHk;onfvnf; Tawmif ,mwJteD;. awmpyfwckwGif pcef;cs&yfem;&ef
qHk;jzwf=uygonf? &Gmom;ESpfOD;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifI wOD;tm; &Gmudkjyefv$wfum &Gm&Sd
&JwyfzGJ@tiftm; tjynfhtpHk avhvm&efESifh usefwOD;onf rdrdwdk@ESifh twl&Sd&ef pDpOf&yg
onf?
nbuf (9) em&DtcsdefY &Gmudkjyefv$wfvdkufonfh &Gmom;wOD;onf jyefvnf
a&muf&Sdvmum olod&SdcJhaom owif;tajctaersm;udk ajymjyygonf? &GmY&Sdonfh
&JwyfzGJ@onf TnwGif &GmrSmyif tdyfrnf? vltiftm; (20) r# &Sdrnf? aemufwae@
reufpmpm;+yD; ukef;om&Gmbufokd@ oGm;=uygrnf? vrf;jyrac:bJ ‚wdk@bmom awmif
ausmay:&Sd vloGm;vrf;twdkif; oGm;=urnf[k Adkvfvkyfolu ajymonf[k qdkonf?
‚wdk@Y *sDo&D;aoewf[kxif&aom aoewfqkdI wvufESpfvufom awG@&+yD;
usefaoewfrsm;onf ±dkifz,f (rifle) rsm;omjzpfa=umif; oljrifawG@cJh&or#udk ajymjyyg
onf?
xdkowif;rsm;tay:Y u|efawmfonf AdkvfvSarmif/ &Jabmf barmifwdk@ (2)
OD;ESifh aqG;aEG;n‡dEd_if;ygonf? AdkvfvSarmifonf T&JwyfzGJ@udk xdknYyif &GmxJodk@
0ifa&mufI wdkufvdkonf? &JabmfbarmifrSmrl wkdufa&;rwdkufa&; csDwHkcswHk jzpfaeyHk
ay:onf? tqHk;tjzwfonf &Jabmf cifndKjzpfrnf[k ajymvmonf?
u|efawmfhtjrifudk ,ckvdk wifjyygonf? wdkuf&rnfh&efol trsdK;tpm;onf
trmpm;r[kwfyg? taysmhpm;&Jwyf jzpfonf? xdka=umifh wdkufoifhonf? odk@aomf
&GmxJwGifjzpfI &Gmom;rsm;tm;vHk; uav;i,frsm;ygrusef aoausxdcdkuf=urnf?
&Gmom;rsm;onf "m;pmcHrsm; jzpf=u&ygrnf? wdkufyGJonf njzpfI tkyfcsKyfr_ cufcJrnf?
tcsdefvnf; =umEdkifonf? tjrwfxuf t±H_;ay:rnfjzpfI rwdkufoifh[k wifjyonf?
tjyef vrf;c&D;wGif wdkufv#if tbufbufrS tusdK;&Sdrnf[k aqG;aEG;ygonf?
rdrdonf 1965 ckESpfcef@u ñuHcJh&aom udk,fawG@tjzpftysufwckudk pOf;pm;
Edkif&ef wifjycJhygonf? odyfr=umao;rDu tif;av; a'oa&jyifwGif wdkufyGJwyGJwdkuf&ef
txuftzGJ@tpnf;rS u|efawmhftm; n¸ef=um;aqmf=ocJhygonf? xdkpdwf"mwft&
ajrjyifr[kwaf om a&jyifrmS yif wdu k cf u
kd &f rnfjzpfI tajctaeESiu
hf u
kd n
f rD nfw
h u
kd yf u
JG kd
pOf;pm;&onf? ^m%frDor# pOf;pm;&&Sdcsufudk pDrHcsufwcktjzpf a&;qGJwifjycJhonf?
1? tif;a&jyif&Sd &Gmw&GmrS aus;&Gmvl}uD;.tdrfokd@ vufeufudkifwyf tif
tm; (40) cef@jzifh yJhcsdwfpufavS (3) pD;jzifh 0ifa&mufygrnf?
2? xdk&Gmvl}uD;udk [efjyzrf;qD;xm;rnf jzpfonf?

54
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
3? zrf;qD;xm;onfh &Gmvl}uD;udk usyfaiG (3) odef; awmif;rnf? ray;v#if
tdrfom;tm;vHk; owfypfrnf? w&GmvHk;udkvnf; rD;±d_@rnf[k +cdrf;ajcmufygrnf?
4? Ttajctaersm;udk xdk&GmrS &Gmom; (2 - 3) OD;udk yJhcsdwfpufavSpD;I
teD;tem;&Sd tpdk;&pcef; odk@r[kwf &Jpcef;wcktm; owif;ydk@ wdkif=um;apv$wfrnf?
5? ‚owif;t& ppfwyf (odk@r[kwf) &JwyfzGJ@rS tiftm;wpkr# yJhcsdwf
pufavSrsm;pD;I vdkufvmrnf? vdkufvmonfhwyfudk &GmESifhreD;ra0; yJhcsdwfpufavSrsm;
oGm;aom vrf;.wae&mwGif ae&m,lI wdkufcdkufrnf?
6? tif;av;a&jyifwGif vltrsm;tjym;wufI&aom u|ef;arsm (ac:) 'dkuf
o±du k rf sm; &So
d nf? xdt
k ay:rS ae&m,lI wdu k vf #if rkcstvpftiduk &f rnf? ajrjyifr[kwf
aom a&jyifjzpfI yJhcsdwfpufavSay:rS &efolrsm;onf vufOD;r_rJhum rdrdwdk@onf rkcs
tompD;&rnf?
TpDrHcsufudk &Srf;jynfe,f- jynfe,faumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom AdkvfykrSwqifh
wifjycJh&m jynfe,faumfrwDrS vufrc/H y,fcscJhonf? ta=umif;rSm vlxktm; "m;pmcH
vkyfI wkdufrnfhwdkufyGJonf Edkifvnf;±H_;- ±H_;vnf;±H_;rnfh wkdufyGJrsdK;jzpfrnf[k qdkonf?
tpdk;&onf Tvkyf&yftay:Y EdkifiHa&;t&/ vlxktay: xm;&Sdonfh uGefjrL
epfrsm;.pdwfoabmxm;[lI zGifhcswdkufcdkufvmEdkifonf? xdka=umifh TpDrHcsufudk
ty,fcHcJh&jcif; jzpfonf[k &Sif;jyajymqdkcJhygonf? xdktcsdefY &Srf;jynfe,fygwDaumf
rwDonf tif;av;a'owGif tpnf; ta0; ðyvkyfaeonfhtcsdef jzpfonf?
u|efawmfu rwkdufa&;tjrifukd ,ckvkd tusKd;ta=umif;ESifh &Sif;jyajymqkd&m
tm;vkH;u vufcHoabmwloGm;ygonf? xdkoabmwl nDcsufudk qHk;jzwfcsuftjzpfESifh
wyftm; csjyaqG;aEG;onf? wyfom; trsm;pku vufcH=uaomfvnf; a=u;pm;wyfrS
ul;ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL; onf vufrcH jiif;qefaeygonf? trsm;pk vufcHxm;+yD;jzpfI
rwdkuf&ef twnfðycJhonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf ntdyf&yfem;cJhaom awmif,mcif;ab;rS rdk;rvif;
rD tdyf,mrSxum csDwuf=uygonf? awmifajc&Sd &Gmi,fav;rS ukef;om&Gmbuf
oGm;onfh vlomG ;vrf;bufo@kd csw D ufc=hJ ujcif; jzpfonf? xdv
k rf;udk rd;k tvif;wGif a&muf
&Sd=uum wyftm; vrf;ab; wae&mY tem;,lapygonf? wyfrS oHk;a,muftzGJ@
ESpfzGJ@udk vrf;xdyf wzufwcsufwGif uif;rsm;tjzpf csxm;&onf? u|efawmfESifh
AdkvfvSarmifonf xdkvrf;wav#muftm; wdkufuGufae&mrsm; vdkufvH =unfh±_ &SmazG
=uonf? awmifajc&Gmi,frmS ntdyaf om &Jwyfz@JG onf xdv k rf;twdik ;f yif uke;f om&Gmudk
vmrnf jzpfonf? ‚tm;wkdufcdkuf&ef jyifqifaejcif;om jzpf.?
TvloGm;vrf;onf awmifausmtwdkif; auG@ywfoGm;&aom awmifay:
vrf;av;wckom jzpfonf? vrf;rSm (20) rDwmr#yif us,frnf rxifyg? xdk@xuf

55
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ausmfv#if awmifapmufrsm; jzpfaeygonf? xdkvrf;. ab;wzufwcsufrSmvnf;
opfyifrsm;onf cyf}uJ}uJ wyifwavom &Sdaeonf? jrufESifhcsHKykwfrsm;rSmvnf; r&Sd
oavmufyif jzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh rdrdwyftwGuf rsufuG,f,l&efyif tcuftcJ
&Sdonf?
em&D0uf rdepf (30) r# tcsdef,l&SmazGaomfvnf; pdwfwdkif;rus jzpfaeygonf?
xdkxuftcsdef,lv#if wdkuf&rnfh&efolonf a&muf&SdvmEdkifonf? wdkufyGJvnf; ysuf
oGm;Edkifygonf? xdka=umifh tem;,lcdkif;xm;aom rdrdwyfzGJ@udk ac:,lum ae&mcs
xm;&ygonf? vrf;.taetxm;t& ab;wzufrS vrf;bufudk rsufESmrlI ae&m,l&
onf? vrf;.xdyfwGifvnf; awmifajc&if; &Gmi,fbufrS wufvmrnfudk rsufESmrl+yD;
ae&m,l&ygonf? TtzGJ@onf &efoludk pwifypfcwf&rnfhtzGJ@ jzpfouJhodk@ trdef@ay;
tzGJ@vnf; jzpfonf? xdktzGJ@Y u|efawmfyg0ifouJhodk@ ul;ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL;vnf; yg0if
aponf? olonf yxrwGif yg0if&efjiif;qef.? aemufwGif wyfrSL;.trdef@jzpfI
rwwfombJ vdkufemcJh&onf?
ydwfqdk@jzwfawmufa&;tzGJ@. wm0efonf &efolrsm; twdkuf cH&onfhtcsdef
wGif vmvrf;twdkif; jyefvnfrajy;Edkif&ef ydwfxm;a&; jzpfonf? xdktzGJ@tm; AdkvfvS
armifudk wm0ef,laponf? ypfcwf=u&rnfh usnfoGm;vrf;a=umif;rsm;udkvnf;
r±_yaf xG;ap&eftwGuf owfrw S af y;xm;&onf? tzG@J vu kd f ae&m,lxm;=uonft h wdik ;f
rdrdwdk@. rsufESm rl&mt&yfudk ypfcwf=u&rnf[lI jzpfonf?
&Jabmfbarmifonf vrf;.ab;wzufY ae&m,lxm;onfhtzGJ@wGif yg0ifae
onf? wyfzG@J tm;vHk;onf ae&mtoD;oD;,lxm;=u+yD; rdepf (20) cef@t=umwGif &JwyfzG@J
wckvHk;onf owfuGif;twGif;udk tm;vHk; a&muf&Sd=u+yD; tpDtpOft& pwifypfcwf&
rnfhtzGJ@. a&S@wvHr# ta&mufY pwifypfcwfwdkufyGJpygonf?
wdkufyGJonf tprStqHk; tcsdeftm;jzifh (15) rdepfcef@om =um ygrnf? tvpf
tidkuf,lI csKHcdk(ambush) wdkufcdkufojzifh Tr#om =umjcif; jzpfonf? a&S@qHk;rS wuf
vmonfh &Jom;onf pwifypfcwfcsdefwGif aoewfxdrSefum 0rf;vsm;arSmufESifh ul;
ajymif; 'k-pdwfrSL;. a&S@wxGmr# tuGmwGif usvmonf? Tonfudk ul;ajymif;onf
txdwfwvef@ jzpfoGm;ygonf?
TwdkufyGJonf tm;vHk;acsr_ef;EdkifcJhI &efol@xHrS ajcmufvkH; jyL;aoewftyg
vufeufrsdK;pHk (17) vufESifh usnfrsdK;pHk (1000) eD;yg;cef@ odrf;ydkuf&&Sdygonf? usefvuf
eufrsm;onf wdkufyGt J wGif; usnfxdI ysufpD;oGm;=uonf? &Jom; (5) OD;ukd wdkufyGw J Gif
aoewf'%f&mjzifh zrf;qD;&rdojzifh aq;ukoay;cJhonf? rdrdwdk@bufrS xdcdkufusqHk;
'%f&m vkH;0r&Sdyg?
u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf &nfrSef;csufatmifjrifI &efolxHrS odrf;ydkuf&

56
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
&Sdonfh vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;udk xrf;ydk;um atmifyGJ&rsufESmrsm;jzifh jyefvnfcsDwuf
cJ=h uygonf? u|eaf wmfonf ocifwifxeG ;f .qENtm; jznfqh nf;ay;Edik cf I
hJ vnf;aumif;/
wyfopfESifh a'oopfwGif tawG@tñuHopfESifh &efoludk acsr_ef;EdkifcJhIvnf;aumif;/
udk,fhudk,fudk em;xifaoG;a&mufaeaom a=u;pm;wyfrSul;ajymif;tm; vufawG@ESifh
ynmay;EdkifcJhIvnf;aumif; auseyfcJh&ygonf? trsm;&Jabmfrsm;enf;wl u|efawmf
onfvnf; ðyH;&$ifaysmfjrL;pGmjzifh &ifaumhum ausmuf*la'oodk@ jyefvnf csDwufvkduf
ygcJhygonf?

1969-70 ck E S p f r sm;u
cg;oD;cJh&aomtawG@tñu ñuH

twdwfjzpf&yfwdk@onf rnfr#yif tcsdefumv=umjrifhonfjzpfap udk,fwkdif

yg0ifywfouf=uaom vlyk*~dKvfwdk@tzkd@ arhaysmuf±dk; xHk;pH &Sd=urnfrxifyg? wcsdef
r[kwfwcsdefwGif jyefvnfowd&wwf=uygrnf?
OD;ae0if;acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOf tpdk;&vufxufwGif
ñuHawG@cJh&aom u|efawmf.udk,fawG@tjzpftysufwckudk ,ae@txdyif owdw&
jzpfaeqJyg? u|efawmf &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; c±dkifY wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf umvwGif
jzpfygonf? ‚tcsdefY jrefrmh qdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD (rqv) tpdk;&ESifh jynfaxmifpk
ytdk@0ftrsdK;om; tzGJ@csKyf (ytrz) wdk@onf v#dK@0SufqufoG,fr_ ðyvkyfum &Srf;jynfe,f
awmifydkif;c±dkif uGefjrLepfygwDudk tjywfacsr_ef;&eftwGuf yl;aygif;}uHpnfcJh=uavonf?
jynfaxmifpyk td@k 0f trsKd ;om;tzG@J csKyf (ytrz) ESiyhf wfoufI tenf;i,f&iS ;f
vif;vdkonf? 1949 ckESpfwGif ytdk@0fvlrsdK;rsm;onf vufeufpGJudkifawmfvSefcJh=uonf?
xdkumvY ytdk@0ftrsdK;om; vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (ytvz) trnfESifh zGJ@pnf;I OD;vSaz
(oxHk)/ AdkvfusefZkefwdk@ acgif;aqmifv_yf&Sm;cJh=uonf? T (ytvz) tzGJ@onf 1958
ckESpfwGif zqyvtpdk;&tzG@J ESpfjcrf;ruGrJ DtcsdefY tif;OD;pD;tzG@J ESifhtwl awmif}uD;òr@wGif
zqyvtpdk;&xH vufeufcscJh=uonf?
1960 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif tdrfapmifhtpdk;&u taxGaxG ygvDrefa&G;
aumufyGJ usif;yay;cJhonf? Ta&G;aumufyGJwGif &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; ytdk@0ftrsdK;
om;rsm;aexdkifaom e,fajrrsm;Y jynfaxmifpk ytdk0fh trsdK;om;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (ytrz)
trnfjzifh a&G;aumufyJG0ifcJhygonf? tzGJ@acgif;aqmif OD;vSaz tygt0if trwffae&m
oHk;av;ae&m (3-4) udk ta&G;cH&onf[k rSwfrdaeygonf?
1962 ckESpfwGif ppfwyfrS awmfvSefa&;aumifpDtrnfESifh tm%modrf;cJhonf?
xdktcsdefwGif &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd vlrsdK;pktrsdK;om;ygwD tzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;. acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh

57
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
jynfe,ftpdk;& acgif;aqmiftm;vHk;udk zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;xm;cJhygonf? xdktxJwGif
(ytrz) tzGJ@rS OD;vSazESifh trwfwcsdK@vnf; yg0ifaeonf? OD;vSaz/ AdkvfusefZkefwdk@
tzrf;cH&onfhaemufY (ytrz) tzGJ@wGif AdkvfpHodef; wm0ef,lacgif;aqmifonf[k
a,bk,sem;vnfygonf? AdkvfpHodef;onf ,cif ytdk@0ftrsdK;om;vGwf ajrmufa&;tzGJ@
(ytvz) wGif 1958 ckESpf vufeufcsonfhtcsdeftxd e,fajra'owck. acgif;aqmif
wOD;omv#if jzpfonf?
rqv tpdk;&ESifh AdkvfusefZkef/ AdkvfpHodef;wdk@. qufqHa&;onf txufY
azmfjycJo h nft h wdik ;f yif ygw.
D &Sr;f jynfe,fawmifyikd ;f c±dik u
f kd yl;aygi;f acsre_ ;f a&; jzpfonf?
rqvygwD. wGJbuftaxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfaom AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;pdef/ (&yc)
wdkif;rSL; AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;wifESifh awmif}uD;c±dkif (vtu) OuUX 'k-AdkvfrSL;}uD;pdk;vGifwdk@
onf AdkvfusefZkef/ AdkvfpHodef;wdk@ESifh r=umc%vlcsif;awG@=uI vkyf}uHa&; tpDtpOfrsm;
udk aqG;aEG;=uonf[k od&SdcJh&onf?
rqvtpdk;&onf AdkvfpHodef;udk uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifhqufqH&mwGif tawG@tñuH
&So
d wl OD;tjzpfEiS hf a&S@wef;wif yGxJ w k v
f mcJo
h nf? ‚onf ytd@k 0t f rsKd ;om; tusKd ;pD;yGm;
tjyif vlrsdK;aygif;pHkjynfolrsm;. tusdK;pD;yGm; udkygvdkvm;aom yHkrsdK;jzifh uGefjrLepfrsm;
tm; vSnfhpm;&ef zefwD;vmonf? ‚rSm jynfaxmfpkytdk@0ftrsdK;om; tzGJ@csKyf (ytrz)
.trnftpm; &Srf; jynfe,fvlrsdK;aygif;pHk vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (&vvz) trnfopfjzifh
tpm; xdk;ajymif;vJcJhygonf? TonfrSm oef;pdef/ oef;wifESifh pdk;vGiftp&Sdonfh ^m%f
}uD;&Sif yk*~dKvf}uD;rsm;. t}uHtpnfvnf; yg0ifEdkifygonf?
pHodef;onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS jynfe,faumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom Adkvfyk
xHodk@ vlv$wfqufoG,fvmonf? xdkodk@qufoG,f&mY pHodef;onf 'kwd,t}udrf
xyfrHI vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;w&yf qifE$Jvdkonf[k pmjzifh a&;om;vmygonf?
TtwGuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&;tygt0if vdktyfonfrsm;udk tul
tnDay;yg&efvnf; awmif;qdkvmygonf? pHodef;. Todk@aomawmif;qdkr_ tay:wGif
AdkvfykESifh &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; c±dkifaumfrwDonf awmfvSefa&;owduif;rJhpGmjzifh
tvG,fwul ,Hk=unfvufcHcJh=uygonf? tpGrf;ukefvnf; ulnDtm;ay;cJh=uygonf?
xdktcsdefumvwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS 0g&ifhA[dkaumfrwDwOD;jzpf
aom ocifwifxGef;onf A[dk.wm0efay;csuft& tif;av;a'owGif a&muf&Sdae
onf? Tonfudk rqvygwDtpdk;&ESifh AdkvfpHodef;wdk@ a,bk,stm;jzifh od&Sdrnf[k
wGufq&ygonf? pHodef;onf ocifwifxGef;ESifhyg vlcsif;awG@vdkygonf[k xyfqifh
awmif;qdkvmonftxd jzpfonf? Tonfudkrl vufrcHbJ jiif;y,fcJh&onf?
rolawmfcsif; yl;aygif;}uHonfonfh *VKefESifhrdk;vHk;[def; ppfqifa&;rsm;udk
qufwdkfufðyvkyfvmygonf? xdkppfqifa&;rsm;twGuf wdkif;rSL; Adkvfoef;wifonf

58
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;vufatmufcH wyfr/ wyf&if;ESifh ppfAsL[mrSL;rsm;yg0ifaom av;vywf
ppfqifa&;tpnf;ta0;udk ðyvkyfcJhygonf? xdktpnf;ta0;Y Adkvfoef;wifonf
atmufygppfa&; pDrHcsufrsm;udk csrSwfonf[k =um;&ygonf?
(1) ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD yJcl;±dk;rA[dkESifh ta0;a&muf ocifAodef;wifwdk@
qufoG,fr_ðy&mwGif tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrS ocifwifxGef;onf uGif;quf
ozG,f &Sdaeygonf?
(2) awmif}uD;0ef;usifytdk@0ftzGJ@u ‚wdk@.v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk *±kpdkuf&ef vkdtyf
vmygonf?
(3) vkyfaqmifoGm;&rnfhenf;emrsm;rSm
(u) Auy tv,fydkif;A[dkcGJocifwifxGef;eSifh tiftm;pkrsm;udk tav;xm;
acsr_ef;oGm;&ef?
(c) ytdk@0facgif;aqmifusefZkefudk zrf;qD;xm;&mrS jyefv$wfay;+yD; wdkif;rSL;
udk,fwkdifOD;pD;um usefZkefESifhawG@I tvkyfrsm; vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef jzpfonf?
(*) awmif}uD;AsL[monf u,m;jynfe,f&Sd a&mifpHkaomif; usef;olrsm;udk
oHvGifjrpfta&S@bufurf;udk armif;ydk@ypf&rnf [laom pDrHcsufyif jzpfonf?
‚pDrHcsufudk tm;vHk;u OD;pm;ay;tjzpf wufºupGm vkyfaqmif =u&rnf[k
qHk;jzwftwnfðy=uonf? *VKefppfqifa&;.OD;wnfcsufonf &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;
c±dkif a'otm;vHk; jzpfonf? wyfr 88 rS ppfAsL[m 883 onf anmifa&$e,f tif;av;
a'oESifh pum; yifavmif;a'orsm;wGifvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;aom ppfa=umif;rsm;onf
aygif;avmif;eef@zm a'orsm;udkvnf;aumif; 0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdk@ &Sif;vif;=uonf? u,m;
jynfe,fESifh &Srf;jynfe,ftpyf a'orsm;ESifh yifavmif;e,fawmifbufjcrf;udk wyfr
88 vufatmufcH (pA[) 883 rS ppfa=umif;wcsdK@ESifh ytdk@0fpHodef;. wyfrsm;u
vufcsif;,SufI um&efydwfqdk@xm;=uygonf?
pA[ 883 . vufatmufcH ppfa=umif;wcsdK@onf aygif;avmif; eef@zma'o
udk wyfukef;/ usnfawmifuef/ ysOf;rem;/ a&qif;e,frsm;rS csDwufum 0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdk@
&Sif;vif;=uonf? cv& (7)rS ppfa=umif;wa=umif;onf [J[dk;/ atmifyef;bufrS
ncsDwufr_jzifh tif;av; taemufbuf&Sd awmifwef;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;avonf?
xdkodk@aom tajctaewGif u|efawmfwdk@tiftm;pkrsm;. tajctaerSm
atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf? ocifwifxGef;ESifh tiftm;pk tcsdK@ onf jynfaxmifpkvrf;r
(c) rdwˆDvm-awmif}uD;oGm; um;vrf;. ajrmufbufjcrf;wGif a&muf&Sdaeonf?
aygif;avmif; eef@zma'oY u|ef awmfwdk@. tv,fydkif;Armjynf wdkif;ppfa&;wm0efcHESifh
wdkif;aumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom Adkvfatmifjrifh.wyfzGJ@tiftm; 40 cef@wkd@ &Sdaeygonf?
AdkvfykESifh &Jabmf 3 - 4 a,mufonf tif;av;taemufbuf&Sd awmifwef;ay:wGif

59
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
a&muf&Sdv_yf&Sm;aeayonf?
&Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;c±dkif. tiftm;trsm;pkjzpfonfh wHwm;OD;e,fom;
wyfcGJrSL;&Jabmfpdk;vGif acgif;aqmifaom tpkonf yifavmif;e,f ta&S@ajrmufbufwGif
pHodef;ulnDa&;twGuf a&muf&Sdaeonf? &Srf;jynfe,f awmifydkif;c±dkifaumfrwD wOD;jzpf
onfh AdkvfatmifxGef; (c) &Jabmf!dk ESifh u|efawmfonf vufeufudkifwyftenf;i,fESifh
pum;a'owGif a&muf&adS eonf? anmifa&$e,f tif;av;a'o taemufbufjcrf; oef;
awmif ig;ajrmif;e,fwGif trsdK;orD;&Jabmfi,frsm; yg0ifaom pnf;±Hk; a&;tzGJ@uav;
rsm; v_yf&Sm;ae=uonf?
TuJhodk@jyef@}uJI wuGJwjym;pDjzpfaeaom rdrdwdk@.tiftm;pkrsm;onf wzGJ@
ESifhwzGJ@ tquftoG,f r&&Sd=uyg? rdrdwdk@bmom tpktzGJ@rsm;tjzpfESifh &efol.
xd;k ppfukd &ifqikd af e=u&onf? pHoed ;f onf xd;k ppf twGi;f Yyif aumufusp,
f w k rf maom
oabmxm;jzifh ytdk@0f trsdK;om;rsm;. ESpfpOfusif;y*k%fðyavh&Sdaom ya'o&mZfqef@
usifa&; tcrf;tem;rsm; (rnfonfht}udrfajrmuf[k rrSwfrdawmhyg) usif;ycJhonf?
Ttcrf;tem;rsm;udk wufa&mufcsD;jr‡ifh tm;ay;&eftwGuf pmjzifh a'owm0efcHrsm;
udk apv$wfI zdwf=um;vmygonf? AdkvfatmifxGef;ESifh u|efawmf&Sd&m pum;a'oudk
yifavmif;òr@e,fwm0efcH ytdk@0facgif;aqmifwOD; (trnfaumif;pGmrrSwfrdyg) Armpum;
a&vnfpGmajymwwfonfh &[ef;vlxGuf bDausmf[ef[k rSwfrdaeygonf? ola&muf&Sd
vm+yD; zdwfpmvnf;ay; E_wfjzifhvnf; ajymqdkum zdwfrEWuðyygonf?
xdktcg AdkvfatmifxGef;onf Tzdwf=um;csuftay:Y ±dk;om;pGm ,Hk=unfI
yifavmif;e,fwm0efcHESifhtwl tcrf;tem;wufa&muf&ef vdkufygoGm;cJhygonf? u|ef
awmfonf zdw=f um;jcif;cH&aomfvnf; tenf;i,f aexdik rf aumif;I vdu k yf gjcif; r&Scd yhJ g?
&Jabmftenf;pkESifh usef&pfcJhygonf?
AdkvfatmifxGef;xGufoGm;+yD; aemufwae@. vif;tm;}uD;tcsdefwGif usefcJh
onfh u|efawmfESifh &Jabmf tenf;pkudk tvpftidkuf,lI wdkfufcdkufvmygonf? wdkuf
ckdufvmonfhwyfonf a=u;pm;wyf r[kwfyg? pHodef;.vufa&G;pOfwyfrS tiftm; (60)
cef@&Sdrnfh AdkvfrSL;wD;wvHk OD;pD;aomwyf jzpfaeonf? twdkufcH&onfhtcsdefY u|ef
awmfESESifh vltiftm; a,musfm; (3) OD;ESifh trsdK;orD;&Jabmfi,f (3) OD;om &Sdonf?
trsdK;orD;i,f (3) OD;onf txufwef;ausmif;olav;rsm; jzpfonf? vufeufrSmvnf;
u|efawmfudkifxm;aom umbdkifwvufESihf *sDo&D; *sDzdk;wvufpD pkpkaygif; (3) vufom
&Sdonf? u|efawmfonf Ttiftm; Tvufeufrsm;jzifh wwfEkdifor# ckcHwkdfufcdkuf+yD;
tjrefqkH; qkwfcGmcJh&onf? uHaumif;axmufronf[k qdk&rnf? xdkwdkufyGJwGif u|ef
awmfwdk@ tm;vHk; xdcdkuf'%f&m&&Sdjcif; r&Sd=uyg? ab;vGwf&modk@ qkwfcGmEdkifcJ@ygonf?
odk@aomf *sDzdk;aoewf udkifaqmifxm;aom&Jabmfonf wdkufyGJae&mrStqkwfwGif

60
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vlcsif;uGJoGm;um aemufydkif;Y tzrf;cHvkduf&ygonf? oltm; zrf;qD;aomwyfrSm
pHodef;.wyfyif jzpfygonf?
AdkvfatmifxGef;onf yifavmif;a'owm0efcHrS OD;pD;usif;yaom ya'o&mZf
qef@usifa&; ESpfywfvnftcrf;tem;udk wufa&mufcJhonf? tcrf;tem;t+yD; pum;
a'obuftjyef vrf;c&D;wae&mY pHoed ;f .wyfz@JG wzG@J rS zrf;qD;jcif;udck &H um vufxw d f
cwf óu;csnfI pHodef;&Sd&modk@ ac:aqmifoGm;=uonf?
xkdenf;twl cGJrSL;&Jabmfpdk;vGifOD;pD;aom &Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif; c±dkifwyfzGJ@
(vltiftm; (26) a,mufESifh vufeufrsdK;pHk (26) vufyg&Sd aomwyfzGJ@)onfvnf;
æyifavmif;e,fwae&mwGif pHodef;wyfESifh twl&SdaepOf a=u;pm;wyfESifhyl;aygif;um
vkyf}uHwdkufcdkufcHcJh&onf? xdkwdkufyGJrSmyif &Jabmfpdk;vGiftygt0if wa,mufrusef
usqHk;cJh&ayonf? xdkvkyf&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufI (&vvz) tzGJ@tpnf;. A[dkxdyfydkif;
acgi;f aqmifwOD;u twdtvif; ajAmifqef@usif uef@uu G cf ohJ nf[k od&onf? ‚yk*Kd~ vf
ESifh ‚.ta=umif;rsm;udk tajctaeay;onfhtcgY awmifydkif;c±dkif ygwDtaeESifh azmf
xkwf *k%fðyrSwfwrf;wifoGm;rnfom jzpfygonf?
aygif;avmif; eef@zmtajccHa'o&Sd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. tv,fydkif;wdkif;
rS Adkvfatmifjrifhonf 1969 ckESpf =o*kwfv (2) &ufae@ wGif usqHk;cJhonf? Adkvfatmif
jrifhonf 1949 ckESpf awmrcdkrDumvwGif wyfrawmfwGif Adkvf}uD; (captain) ‚aemuf
jynfaxmifpk ppf&Jwyf&if; (Union Military Police UMP) . wyf&if;rSL; jzpfonf?
1949 ckESpfwGif RBA tjzpfESifh awmcdkcJhonf?
AdkvfatmifjrifhESifh a&S@aemufqdkovdk Txdk;ppfYyif usqHk;oGm;=uaom
tv,fydkif;wdkif;rS Adkvfcifatmif c±dkifaumfrwD (DC) ESifh &Srf;jynf e,fawmifydkif;c±dkifrS
c±dik af umfrwD &JabmfaiGoef; (c) Advk !f eG @f armif (DC) wd@k jzpfonf? tjcm;aom au'gEiS hf
ygwD0iftrsm;tjym;onfvnf; &efolESifhwdkufyGJtvDvDwdkufcdkufI usqHk;oGm;=uyg
onf?
pHodef;onf AdkvfatmifxGef;tm; rqv ppftm%m&Sifrsm;jzpf=uaom
oef;pdef/ oef;wifESifh pdk;vGifwdk@vufodk@ rsufESmvdk rsufESm&ESifh tyfESHcJhonf? Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD. c±dkifaumfrwDwOD;udk vuf0,f &&Sd=uI ‚wdk@onf tljrL;0rf;ajrmuf
ae=uonf? olwdk@onf &nf&G,fcsufatmifjrifonfhoabmjzifh AdkvfatmifxGef;udk
b,fvdkvJuGqdkaom rxDav;pm; t=unfhrsdK;ESifh=unfh+yD; ppfa=uma&;tm; tyfvdkuf=u
onf? ppfa=uma&;onf enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh ppfaq;aomfvnf; rnfonfhtcsuftvufr#
r&&Sd=uyg?
AdkvfatmifxGef;onf ol@tm;owfrnfqdkonfudk &dyfpm;rdaeyg onf? “rif;
wkd@vlowf rqv tpdk;&[m ig&J@cE<mudk,fukd owfEdkif=urSm jzpfayr,fh igh,Hk=unfcsuf

61
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
udkawmh b,fvkdrS owfvkd@ &EkdifrSmr[kwfbl;” [kqdkum ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD t"Gef@
&Snfygap[k aºu;a=umfpOfrSmyif aoewfoHrsm; xGufay:vmavonf[k aemifwGif jyef
vnf=um;odcJh&ygonf? vif;vufaom =u,fwyGifhonf &J0HhpGmjzifh ajrccJh&aomfvnf;
xdk=u,f.tvif;a&mifuawmh tpOfxm0& awmufyvif;xdefaernfom jzpfygonf?
AdkvfatmifxGef;onf awmifilòr@Zmwdjzpf+yD; ol.rdbrsm;onf a&$yef;wdrf
vkyfief; vkyfudkif=uonf? ‚wGif nDtpfudkarmifESr (5) a,muf&Sd+yD; AdkvfatmifxGef;
onf t}uD;qHk;om;[k od&onf? i,fpOfumv ausmif;om;b0wGif awmifilòr@&Sd u&if
trsdK;om; c&pf,mef txufwef;ausmif;Y ynmoif=um;cJhonf? ‚usqHk;csdefY ZeD;
a':ykESifh om;orD; (2) OD; wyfukef;òr@wGif usef&SdcJhygonf?
tif;av;a'o ysm;yifaus;&GmrS touf (20) t&G,f t,fòrif (armifòrif)
qdkol vli,fudk uGefjrLepftrmcHausm±dk;[k pGyfpGJum ppfwyfrS enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh n‡Of;qJ
owfjzwfjcif;udk cHcJh&onf? xdkvli,fonf at;at; aq;aq; ajymqdkaexdkifwwf+yD;
&Gm.tusdK;/ trsm;olig. tusdK;udk aqmif&Gufay;wwfaom vli,fvlaumif;wOD;om
jzpfonf? ysm;yif&GmrS &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u t,fòrifudk owf=uonfholrsm;rSm vlrsm;
r[kwf=uyg? tod^m%fuif;rJhaom t[dwfwd&p>mef acG;rsm;om jzpfonf[k a=uuGJ
emusnf;pGm a'gorsm;jzifh ajymqdk=uygonf? ol.tudk &Jabmfarmif[def (c) &Jabmfwif
armifonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS ygwD0ifau'gwOD; jzpf+yD; ‚onfvnf; ol&J
aumif;yDopGm usqHk;oGm;cJhygonf?
ysm;yif&GmESifh &GmeD;csif;uyfaeaom oajyyif&Gmtxuf0dkif;rS touf (40)
0ef;usifcef@&Sdrnfh a':!Gef@qdkol tdrfaxmif&SiftrsdK;orD; wOD;udkvnf; uGefjrLepftrmcH
Adkvfyk.r,m;i,f[lI ±dkif;jy,kwfrmpGm r[kwfrw&m;pGyfpGJI ajymqdk+cdrf;ajcmuf
=uonf? a':!Gef@onf olr.&GmY uav;/ vl}uD;/ a,musfm;/ rdef;r tm;vHk;uyif
av;pm;cspfcif=uonf? olr.cifyGef;onf ukefonfwOD;jzpfI wpHkw&m ypPnf;OpPm&Sdol
wOD;vnf; jzpfonf? xdkyk*~dKvfonf tif;jynfolrsm; nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@ (tynz) .
A[dkacgif;aqmifwOD;vnf; jzpfonf? ‚onf T*VKefppfqifa&;Yyif ppfwyf. zrf;qD;
r_udkcH&+yD; jrif;+cHaxmifokd@ tydk@cHcJh&ygonf?
a':!Gef@wGif om;orD; (3) a,muf&Sd+yD; t}uD;qHk;om;onf tif;av;a'o
tif;aygckef txufwef;ausmif;wGif (10) wef; pmar;yGJY *k%fxl; (2) ck &&SdcJhaom
ausmif;om;vl&nfc|efwOD; jzpfonf? olonf wuUodkvf qufrwufbJ Armjynf uGef
jrLepfygwDacgif;aqmifaom vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;xJ yg0ifcJhonf? ‚onf 1968
ckESpfw0dkufwGif &yfapmufe,f aZmf*sDjrpfab; awmwGif;wae&mY usqHk;oGm;cJhygonf?
a':!Gef@.orD;onfvnf; tif;av;a'o [J,m&Gmr tpdk;& txufwef; ausmif;wGif
ynmoif=um;cJhonf? olronf (8) wef;ausmif;olb0wGif xdkausmif;&Sd ausmif;om;

62
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;Y yg0ifcJhonf? ‚aemuf Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD. vufeufudkifawmf
vSefa&;wGif yg0ifqifE$JcJhygonf?
&Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,faumfrwDwOD;jzpfonfh Adkvfykonf xdk*VKefppfqifa&;
Yyif cv& 7 ppfa=umif;. vufcsufESifh usqHk;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf? ‚ppfa=umif;onf
tif;av;a'o taemufbuf&dS awmifa=umrsm;udk &Si;f vif;pOfY awmif,mwJwck &Si;f &m
wGif AdkvfykusqHk;cJhjcif; jzpfonf? AdkvfykusqHk;aomae@onf 1969 ckESpf =o*kwfv 22
&uf reuf 1 em&Ddcef@ jzpfonf?
cv& 7 ppfa=umif;rSL;onf Adkvfyk.±kyftavmif;tm; ppfaq;&mY ‚.
tusôtdwfuyftwGif;rS "mwfyHkwyHk &&SdoGm;ygonf? &&SdoGm;onfh "mwfyHkESifh ywfoufI
ppfa=umif;rSL;onf wtHhw=o jzpfoGm;onf[k od&Sd&onf? ta=umif;rl tdwfuyf
twGif;Y &&Sdaom"mwfyHkonf jreffrmhwyfrawmf (av) rS wyf=uyfwOD;. avwyf0wf
pHkjzifh ±dkufxm;onfh "mwfyHkjzpfonf? ydkIxl;qeff;tHhzG,f jzpf&onfrSm "mwffyHk&Sifonf
Tppfa=umif;rSL;ESifh Adkvfavmif;tywfpOf wckwnf;("mwfykH&Sifonf aemufykdif;Y =unf;
wyfAkdvfoifwef;okd@ wufa&mufcJhonf) wufcJhzl;ol jzpfaeygonf? xkd"mwfyHk udpPESifh
ywfoufI tqifq h ifh txufuw kd ifjy=u&mwGif ppf±;kH csKyf (War Office) txd a&muf
&SdoGm;ygonf? ppf±Hk;csKyfonf "mwfyHk&Siftygt0if ppfaq;ar;jref;=unfh&mY "mwfyHk&Sif.
xGufqkdcsufukdvnf; &&SdcJhygonf? Armhwyfrawmf=unf;wyfrS t&m&SdwOD;. udk,fawG@
tjzpftysufrsm; a&;om;xm;aompmtkyfY "mwfykH&Sif.xGufqkdcsufukd TuJhodk@
azmfjyxm;onf?
“[kwfygw,ff? Adkvfyku u|efawmfhtazyg? 'gayrJh u|efawmfhtazeJ@taru
'kw, d urBmppftwGi;f rSm tdraf xmifus+yD; u|eaf wmfu h kd arG;w,f? tazu awmfveS af &;
rSmygaeawmh u|efawmfhudk jyefr=unfhEdkifbl;? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfhta':eJ@ OD;}uD;udk
t+yD;arG;pm;zdk@ ay;vdkufw,f? 1945 ckESpfavmufu jzpfr,f? tJ'Dwkef;u u|efawmf
2 ESpfom; 3 ESpfom; aygh? bmrS aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdbl;? ausmif;aeawmh ta':eJ@
OD;}uD;u w&m;0if taztar jzpfoGm;w,f? u|efawmfhudkvnf; w&m;0ifom;tjzpf
pmcsKyfpmwrf;eJ@ arG;pm;xm;w,f?”
“1963 ckESpf +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yJGvkyfawmh u|efawmfhtaz ygvmw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm u|efawmf[m avwyfxJ a&mufae+yD? tazu &efukefa&mufawmh u|ef
awmhfarG;pm;tazeJ@tarudk vmawG@w,f? “u|efawmfhom; b,frSmvJ” ar;awmh “rif;
om;æ'DrSmav” qdk+yD;awmh arG;pm;tazeJ@ taru eH&HrSmcsdwfxm;wJh avwyf0wfpHkeJ@
u|efawmhf"mwfyHkudk xdk;jyvdkufw,f? tJ'Dawmh u|efawmhftazuvnf; tJ'D"mwfyHkudk
ðzwfoGm;owJh? 'gvJ arG;pm;tazeJ@tarajymvdk@ odwmyg? u|efawmfwdk@csif; wcgrS
rawG@zl;ygbl;? om;tzqdkayr,fh olvnf; ol,Hk=unfwm olvkyf/ u|efawmfvnf;

63
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
u|eaf wmf,=kH unfcsut f wdik ;f avwyfuae tdw k t
D ufpf (OTS) atmif+yD; =unf;wyfrmS
tcktcsdeftxd ay;wJhwm0efudk xrf;aqmifaeygw,f?” [lI jzpfayonf? okd@ESifh
æxdkjy\emvnf; ajyvnfoGm;a=umif; yg&Sdavonf?
Armjynf. jynfwGif;ppfumvtwGif;0,f AdkvfykuJhodk@ pdwfxdckdufzG,f
trsKd;rsKd;aom b0Zmwfvrf;rsm;ukd u|efawmftygt0if awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;
taxmiftaomiff;wdk@ rv$Jra&Smifom }uKHawG@=u&rnfyif jzpfygonf?
u|efawmfonf &Jabmftenf;pkESifhtwl pum;a'oESifh yifavmif;e,fpyf
u,m;jynfe,fESifh reD;ra0;wGif &Sdaeygonf? a=u;pm;wyfrsm;ESifh pHodef;wdk@.wyfrsm;
txyfxyfydwfqdk@xm;onfh=um;wGif [dka&$@ 'Dajymif; ykef;atmif;ae&ygonf? tajccH
a'o aygi;f avmif;eef@zmbufrS &Jabmf 3 - 4 a,mufonf &efo@l x;kd ppfa=umifh xGucf mG
vm+yD; u|efawmf wdk@ESifh vma&mufyl;aygif;=uygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf wpwp
taetxdkiftpm;taomuf usyfwnf;vmum vlxkESifhyg tquftoG,f jywfawmuf
vmygonf? xdk@a=umifh xdk;ppfcGifrS tjrefqkwfcGm&ef vdktyfvmygonf?
0dik ;f xm;aom &eforl sm;.tajctaerSm olw@dk tcsi;f csi;f wOD;ESiw
hf OD; wzJ@G EiS hf
wzJ G @ tjyef t vS e f vuf q J G E _ w f q uf I &onf t xd rsm;jym; xl x yf p G m
ydwfqdk@xm;ygonf? rnfodk@yif&Sdap u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf tjrefqHk;xGufcGmEdkifygrS
touf&Sif &yfwnfEdkifygrnf? u|efawmfonf &Sdaeonfh ygwD0ifrsm;eSifh wdkifyifn‡dE_dif;um
xGufcGm&ef jyifqif&ygonf? ausmif;olrdef;uav; 3 OD;udk a,musfm;av;rsm;toGif
yHkaqmif&ef jyifqifcdkif;&ygonf? tawG@tñuHrsm;t& a=u;pm;wyfrsm;onf rdef;u
av;rsm; yg&Sdonf[k owif;&v#ifvnf;aumif;/ qHyifjzLtouf}uD; tzdk;tdkrsm;ESifh
pD;jrif;rsm; ygv#ifvnf;aumif; owif;&&Sdv#if ae@nra&G; tyifyef;cH vdkufavh&Sd=u
ygonf?
0dkif;0ef;ydwfqdk@xm;=uonfh &efolwyfrsm;onf ae@ESifhnrwlbJ uJGjym;pGm
v_yf&Sm;ygonf? nbufrsm;wGif a&&Sdonfh ae&mw0dkufudk pkpnf;=uonf? ae@buf
rsm;wGif tm;vHk;jzef@cJGxm;ygonf? xdktm;enf;csufESifh [muGufrsm;udk toHk;csI
xGufcGm&ef pDpOf&ygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ tpkonf ausmif;olrdef;uav; 3 OD;tygt0if 15 a,mufr#
&Sdygrnf? u|efawmfwdk@onf nOfhoef;acgif. tarSmifxkudk toHk;ðy xGufcGmEdkifcJh=u
ygonf? xdkrS u,m;jynf taemufbufjcrf;/ ‚rS usnfawmifuef a&qif;e,f.
ta&S@buf&Sd awmifa=um u&if&Gmw&Gm teD; a&muf&Sdvm=uygonf? rdrdwdk@tpkonf
cufcJyifyeff;pGm xdk;ppfcGifrS xdk;azmufcJh=u&I pdwfa&mudk,fyg yifyef;=uygonf? wenf;
tm;jzifh ajcukefvufyef;us jzpf=u&onf? TtwGuf acwWcetem;,l&ef vdkvm
onf? u&if&Gmvl}uD;ESifh aqG;aEG;um ‚.&GmteD; awmwGif;wae&mY 3-4 &ufcef@

64
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
pcef;cs tem;,l=uygonf? Todk@tem;,laepOfY wae@ aomeHeuf 8 em&Dtcsdef cef@
wGif reufpmxrif; pm;aomufae=uygonf? xdktcsdefwGif rar#mfvifhaombufrS &ef
ol. wdkufcdkufr_udk cH=u&onf? &efolonf ysOf;rem;òr@u ppfwyfjzpfygonf? u|efawmf
wdk@tpkonf uHqdk;roGm;&m rdk;vdkufvdk@&Gm qdkouJhodk@ jzpfaeygonf? tukodkvfqdkonf
um; wckwnf;rvmbJ taygif;tazmfESifh acgif;+rD;ðcHI vm=uygonf?
TtwdkuftcdkufcH&onfh wdkufyJGY u|efawmfESifh u,ef;&JabmfwOD;/ aygif;
ESpfODd;om vGwf+yD; ygwD0ifau'gwOD;jzpfaom jrif;+cHe,fZmwd touf 30 r#&Sdrnfh
&JabmfbòrifESifh tif;av;ausmif;ol &Jabmfeef;!dk onf xdkwdkufyJGcGifrS vGwfajrmufcJh
aomfvnf; reD;ra0;wGif jyefvnftzrf;cH=u&ygonf? useftm;vHk; usqHk;ygonf?
usqHk;=u&onfh &Jabmfrsm;xJwGif tif;av;oltrsdK;orD;&Jabmf 2 OD;onfvnf;
yg0ifygonf? rqvtpdk;&ESifh pHodef;wdk@ yl;aygif;aom *VKefppfqifa&;a=umifh &Srf;jynf
e,fawmifydkif;c±dkifonf t}uD;tus,f txdemcJhygonf? jynfe,fESifhwdkif; aumfrwD
tqif&h dS acgi;f aqmiftcsKd @vnf; usq;kH cJ&h ygonf? tvm;wl c±dik t f qifEh iS hf tjcm;tqif&h dS
acgi;f aqmifrsm;/ ygw0D ifrsm;vnf; usq;kH cJh &ygonf? awmfveS af &;wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESihf
a'ocHjynfoltrsm;tjym;vnf; qHk;±_H;cJhygonf?
u|efawmfonfvnf; woufwm arhazsmufIr&Edkifaom qHk;±_H;r_wckudk
qHk;±_H;cJh&ygonf? ppfa&;a&m tcspfa&;yg t±_H;}uD;±_H; tqHk;}uD;qHk;[k qdk&ygrnf?
u|efawmfcspfcJh&aom b0tzmfrGeftjzpf &nfrSef;cJhol tiff;av;ol ‘ræ’ onf &efol@
vufwGif; usqif;um tzrf;cHcJh&ygonf? u|efawmfonf twlusef&Sdaeaom u,ef;
&Jabmfudk c&D;p&dwfay;I ‚.rdbrsm;&Sd&m u,m;jynfe,fokd@ òr@vrf;rS pDpOfay;um
jyefv$wfvdkufygonf? Todk@jzifh u|efawmfonfvnf; qHk;±_H;r_teEWESifh b0uHacvSol
wOD;tjzpf aerif;}uD;udk &ifrSmayG@ydkuf+yD; rdcifygwDudk &SmyHkawmfzGifhcJh&ygonf? vlyHkzsuf
um ysOf;rem;òr@xJudk nbufwGif wdwfwqdwf 0ifa&muf cJh&ygonf? xdkrS rD;&xm;pD;I
rdbESifh aqGrsdK;rsm;&Sd&m jrif;jcHòr@bufokd@ &nfpl;+yD; xGufcGmcJhygonf? ompnf rD;&xm;
blwmY qif;I jrif;+cHòr@oGm;aom rD;&xm;udkapmifh&ygonff? TtajctaewGif
tdyfpufem;ae&eftwGuf tdyfpifwckudk 0,f&ygonf? tdyfpifay:Y vJavsmif; tem;,l
um wa&; warm tdyfaeygonff? tdyfpifay:Y u|efawmfonf tdyfraysmf waysmfjzpf
aepOfwGif u|efawmf.vufudk vmqGJojzifh vef@zsyfI rsufaphzGifh =unfhvdkufrdygonf?
ocifomn‡if; jzpfaeonfudkawG@vkduf&+yD; wtHhw=o ESifh ai;ikdifaerdygonf? u|efawmf
onf aeESit hf vif;a&mifuif;rJah om !‡Kd ;EGr;f onfyh ef;yrmjzpfae&mrS ±kwcf sn;f yif a&zse;f
yef;yrm vef;qef;vmygonf? rdrdonf razmfjyEdkifavmufatmif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;
omjzpfum ocifomn‡if;.vufudk rnfr#=umonfyif rod/ qkyfudkifxm;rdygonff?
u|efawmfwdk@ESpfa,muf nbufxGufaom rEWav;oGm; rD;&xm;udk twl

65
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wuGpD;eif;um vdkufygoGm;ygonff? aemufwae@reuf rEWav;òr@udk a&muf=uygonf?
acsmifusrnfh bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;wdkuf wwdkufwGif tajcjyKI v#Kd@0SufpGm ,m,Dae
xdkif=uygonf? xdkumv. wae@aom ae@cif;wGif ocifomn‡if;onf u|efawmfhudk
òr@xJudkac:um pdwfajyvufaysmufoabmrsKd;jzifh a&$e*g;±kyf&Sif±HkY ±kyf&Sifjyoygonf?
jyoonfh ±kyf&Sifum;onff 'g±dkufwm±_r0 OD;ausmf±dkuful;+yDd; ±kyf&Sifrif;om; xGef;a0
ESifh ±kyf&Sifrif;orD; pef;pef;at;wdk@ yg0ifo±kyfaqmifxm;=uaom “a'gif;rav;” Zmwf
um; jzpfygonf? u|efawmfonf xdkZmwfum;udk =unfh±_+yD; aemufwGif wOD;wnf;
ðyH;aerdygonf? ocifomn‡if;onf tif;av;ol [J,m&Gmr tpdk;&txufwef;ausmif;rS
txufwef;ausmif;ol ‘ræ’ ESifh u|efawmf. arwWmZmwfvrf;udk od&Sdonfhoabmjzifh
trSwfw& rSwfwrf;wifjcif;om jzpfvdrfrnf[k rSwf,lygonf? ocifomn‡if;onf
xdkuhJodk@ u|efawmfhudk trSwfw& rSwfwrf;wifaomfvnf; Zmwfvrf;toGifujzifh
±_dufumidk/ vdkufumyifcscJhyg+yD[k atmfIatmfIom ajymvdkufcsifygawmhonf? u|ef
awmfonf r+yD;qHk;ao;aom awmfvSefa&;wm0efudk qufvuf xrf;aqmif&eftwGuf
ref;òr@XmaerS &Srf;±dk;rawmifwef;jym awmfvSefa&;e,fajrqDudk wudk,fawmf csDwuf
cJh&jyefygonf?

rd d k ; vH k ; [d e f ; ppf q if a &;?

TESpfrdk;&moDrSmvnf; &efolxdk;ppfonf ,cifESpfrsm;enf;wl ppftifftm;

tvHk;t&if;ESifh xdk;ppfqifvmjyefonff? oddk@aomf ,ckESpfwGif wrlxl;jcm;aeonffrSm
ppfqifa&;.OD;wnfcsufonf ocifwifxGef;. A[dkXmecGJ jzpfaeygonf?
jrefrmhqdk&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwDtpdk;&onf Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD.ta&S@
ajrmufppfa'o ay:aygufvmonfudk txdwfwvef@ jzpfaeyHk& onf? xdk@a=umifh
&Srf;jynfe,ftwGif;ydkif;&Sd tiftm;csnfheJ@ao;i,faom a'orsm;ESifh ajymufusm; wyfzGJ@
i,frsm;ukd vufOD;r_,lum ppfqifjcif;yif jzpfygonf? ‚onf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'oESifh
jynfwGif;&Sd ajymufusm;a'orsm; qufoG,fcsdwfqufoGm;rnfudk wm;qD;[ef@wm;jcif;
om jzpfygonff?
Adkvfoef;wifonf TtcsdefumvwGif ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf. wdkif;rSL;
tjzpf wm0ef,laeygonf? ola&;om;xm;aom ppfqifa&; +yD;ppfqifa&;rS qdkaom
pmtkyw f iG f Tod@k a&;om;xm;onfukd awG@&&dS ygonf? yef;usL;H wdu
k yf GrJ S &&Sad om pm&Guf
pmwrf;rsm;ESifh ajryHkrsm;t& “ta0;a&muf Auywdk@onf &Srf;jynfawmif}uD; òr@e,f
twGif;rS tifawm/ ausmuf*lwGif Auy A[dkcJG ocifwifxGef;rSwqifh &Srf;jynf tif;av;
acgifwdkifa'o/ xdk@aemuf aygif;avmif;cGifrSwqifh yJcl;wdkif;twGif;&Sd yJcl;±dk;rwGif

66
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
tajccsxm;aom Auy OuUÏocifoef;xGef;/ ocifZif/ twGif;a&;rSL;ocifcspfwdk@qDodk@
ta&muf xdk;azmufv_yf&Sm;&efjzpf+yD; odk@r[kwf ajrmufydkif;Armjynf/ awmifydkif;Armjynf
odk@r[kwf vm;±_d; ppfAsL[me,fajrtm; pdk;rdk;&efjzpfonf?ææ æTt& vm±_d;ppfAsL[m
tm; ppfqifa&;e,fajr}uD; (THEATER) e,fajrwcktjzpf odk@r[kwf wdkif;ppfXme
csKyfwcktjzpf owfrw S uf m oD;jcm;wyfrLS ;wOD;jzifh wm0efay;&ef oifah wmfa=umif; uu
=unff;odk@ wifjycJhonf?” [k a&; om;xm;onfudk awG@&Sd&ygonf? yef;usKH;qdkonffrSm
vm±_d;òr@. taemufajrmufwGif wnf&Sd+yD; Auyrsm; vm;±_d;òr@udk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuf
pOftcgu xyfrHwdkufyGJ jzpfyGm;cJhaom ae&myifjzpfonf? TwdkufyGJrS &&Sdaom pm&Guf
pmwrf;rsm;wGif Auy A[dk. “rdk;vHk;[def; 5 ESpfpDrHudef;”wGif Auy A[dkcGJocifwifxGef;
onf ta&;}uD;aomuGif;qufpcef;rS yg0ifonf [kvnf; a&;om;xm;ygonff?
Adkvfoef;wif. xdka&;om;csufrsm;onf t"dy`m,fuif;rJhvSygonf? Auy
A[dk. ta&;}uD;aom “rdk;vHk;[def; 5 ESpfpDrHudef;”ukd ppfajrjyifa&S@wef;okd@ rnfolu
,loGm;vdrfhrnfenf;? OD;aESmuf&Sdolwdkif; tvG,fwul pOf;pm;Edkifygvdrfhrnf// xdkr#ta&;
}uD;aom pDrHudef;rsKd;udk atmufajcwyfrSL;wOD;OD;u a&S@wef;ppfrsufESmudk rqDrqdkif
,loGm;jcif;udk awG@cJhzl;aomolrSmvnf; Akdvfoef;wifwa,mufom &Sdygvdrfhrnf? odk@r
[kwf udk,fwdkifvkyfaqmifcJholvnf; jzpfygvdrfhrnf?
Adkvfoef;wif a&;om;azmfjyxm;aom ‚. oabmxm;tjrifrsm;onf
‚rpOf;pm;rD ya0o%Duyif t+iddrf;pm;AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif; atmif}uD;u pOf;pm;um
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;xH pma&;wifjy+yDd; jzpfonff? Tonfudk Adkvfoef;wifwa,muf
rod&SdIvm; rajymwwfyg? odk@r[kwf rdrdudk,frdrd xifay:vdk@ pifawmfay:a&mufvm
onf[k ºum;0gvdkIvm;[k awG;awmp&myif jzpfygonff?
Trdk;vHk;[def;ppfqifa&;onff wdkif;rSL;Adkvfoef;wifudk,fwdkif OD;pD;a&S@aqmif
onfh ppfqifa&;jzpfonf? ‚ppfqifa&;onff &yfapmuf/ tifawmESifh ausmuf*loGm;
um;vrf;. taemufbufjcrf;e,fajrudk OD;wnfjcif; jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh
aZmf*sDjrpfESifh 'kXm0wDjrpf ESpfckt=um;&Sd awmawmifrsm;udk &Sif;vif;jcif; jzpfonf?
xdke,fajra'oonff awmawmif xlxyf+yD; vlrsm;aexdkif&efyif cufcJaoma'o[k
qdk&ygrnf? odk@aomf &efolu xdka'o&Sd awmawmifrsm;twGif;Y ocifwifxGef;ESifh
tv,fyikd ;f A[dXkd mecGt J pk yke;f atmif;cdu
k yfaernf[f k ,lqxm;I &Si;f vif; jcif; jzpfonf?f
wdkifrSL;Adkvfoef;wifonf Tppfqifa&;rprDwGif ausmuf*l/ tifawmESifh &yfapmufe,f
awmifjcrf;&Sd aumif;zd@k e,frS aus;&Gmvl}uD; rsm;ESihf Auy trmcHrsm;[k ,lqaom &Gmom;
40 ausmfr#udk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;ygonff? ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;&Sd ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyffrSL;
AdkvfrSL;oH'dkif/ Adkvf}uD;cifarmifaqG/ Adkvf}uD;pef;jrifhwdk@onf zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;onfh
vlaygif; 40 ausmfudk enf;rsKd;pHkjzifh ocifwifxGef;.owif;udk azmfxkwf ppffaq;cJh

67
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
=uygonff? txl;ojzifh ausmuf*le,fawmifbufjcrf;&Sd awmifolukef;/ awmifxdyf/
cr,fukef;&Gmrsm;tygt0iff &Gmtawmfrsm;rsm;rS &Gmvl}uD;ESifh &Gmom;rsm;udk zrf;qD;
csKyfaESmifxm;ygonf? awmifolukef;&GmrS OD;qdkif;qdkoludk ocifwifxGef;.vl,Hkawmf
[kqdkum t}uD;tus,f ESSdyfpufygonf? OD;qdkif;onf "EkvlrsKd;jzpff+yD; touft&G,f
tm;jzifh 60 ausmfr#&Sdygrnf? ‚yk*~dKvfonf i,f&G,fpOfuwnf;u Tawmawmif
rsm;twGif;Y tiffwGJ (yGJ@vsuf) ESifh opfap;rsm;&SmazGI 0rf;a=umif;aeol jzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh OD;qdkif;onf Tawmawmifrsm;wGif u|rf;usifES@Hpyfol wOD;vnf; jzpfygonf?
olonf awmifolukef;&GmwGif aexdkifI om;orD; 2 OD;&Sdonf? t}uD;orD;onf tdrf
axmifusI tdk;cGJum ti,forD;rSmrl 15 ESpft&G,f tysKdjzpfI twlaeorD; jzpfygonff?
OD;qdkif;onf ±dk;om; yGifhvif;+yD; wzufom;tm; ulnDwwfonfh yk*~dKvfwOD;vnf; jzpf
onf? OD;qdik ;f udk u|eaf wmfw@kd &Jabmftrsm;pku av;pm;±dak oaomtm;jzifh OD;av;qdik ;f [k
ac:=uygonf? OD;av;qdkif;onf awmu|rf;ovdk awm aumifrsm; ypfcwf&mwGifvnf;
vufajzmifhaom rkqdk;wOD;vnf; jzpf onf? ausmuf*la'owGif &Gmwdkif;/ vlwdkif;qdkovdk
&Srf;wlrD;aoewfrsm; udkifaqmif=uygonff? aoewfudkifaqmifcGifh vdkifpif,lp&mrvdkyg?
tpOf tvmrd±dk;zvmt& &Srf;jynfe,fa'otESH@wGif acwftqufquf udkifaqmif=u
aom aoewfrsm; jzpfygonf?
ocifwifxGef;ESifh tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGonf &yfapmuf tifawmESifh ausmuf
*lomG ;um;vrf;. taemufbuf&dS awmawmifrsm;udk tajccHI aexdik =f upOfwiG f OD;d av;
qdkif;udk rSDcdkae&ygonf? Tonfudk &Gmol&Gmom;wcsdK@xHrS a=u;pm;wyfrsm;onf
od&SdEdkifygonf? &yc wdkif;rSL;oeff;wifonf ‚.vufatmufcH ajcvsifwyf&if;rsm;rS
wyfcJGESpfcJGuspD xkwfEkwfI wyfcJGtawmfrsm;rsm;jzifh ausmuf*l/ tifawm/ a&OD;ESifh
&yfapmufe,ftoD;oD;udk ae&m,lydwfqdk@ csxm;ygonf? ‚udk,fwdkifurl uGefref'dk
2 pk ppfa=umif;ESifh cv& 57 &if;rSL;-AdkvfrSL;armifarmifcifESifh ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfrS
Adkvf}uD;cifarmifaqG/ pef;jrifhwdk@yg0ifI &duQm ajcmuf 3 &ufpmjzifh awmwGif;0ifa&muf
&Sif;vif;ygonf?
xddkumvw0dkufwGif u|efawmfESifh A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@onf ocif wifxGef;.
wm0efay;csuft& &yfapmufESifh Axl;òr@rsm;. taemuf awmifbuf&Sd awmifbdk@e,f
(vdarRmfoD;xGufonfha'o) ESifh rdk;vHk;[def; txl;pnf;±Hk;a&;e,fajrudk a&muf&Sdae=uyg
onf?

XmecJ G w yf z J G @ . &ef o l a csr_ e f ; a&; wd k u f y J G w yJ G

TwdkufyJGudk ra&;bJ csefxm;Irjzpfyg? ta&S@ydkif;wdkif;rSL; Adkvfoef;wif.

68
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rdk;vHk;[def;ppfqifa&; umvwGif wdkufcdkufcJhonfh wdkufyJGjzpfaeI jzpfygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@tjzpf pzJG@pnff;pOf umvjzpfonf?
wyfzJG@.tiftm;onf rrsm;yg? vl/ vufeuftiftm; onf 40 r#om &Sdygrnf? Twyf
zJG@. EdkifiHa&;rSL; &JabmfvSarmifrSm awmifilc±dkif/ jzL;òr@e,frS jzpf+yD; ol.tpfudk
0rf;uJGonf A[dkaumfrwDtzJG@0if &Jabmfarmifarmifpdef jzpfonf? wyfzJG@.wyfrSL;onf
Tpma&;olyif jzpfygonf?
tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@wGif ArmjynfzGm; yifv,f&yfjcm; w±kwfausmif;
om; vli,frsm; yg&Sdonf? Tausmif;om;vli,frsm;onf (1967) ckESpfY w±kwfArm
ta&;tcif; jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;aemufwGif yg0ifvm =ujcif;jzpfonf? ‚wkd@onf &efukef&Sd
eef,eftxufwef;ausmif;ESifh tjcm;aomw±kwfausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;om;vli,frsm;
jzpfonf? A[dk XmecJGwyfzJG@onf tiftm; 40 r#om&Sdaomfjim;vnf; vufeufwyfqif
r_wGif vlwdkif;eD;yg; atmfwdkrpfwpfaoewfrsm; wyfqifxm;=uonf? txl;ojzifh w±kwf
jynfvyk f trf 22 (M22) aoewfrsm;jzpfonf? *so D &D;/ *szD ;kd (G3, G4) aoewfrsm;vnf;
tenf;pk yg0ifonf? u|efawmftygt0if &Jabmfrsm;onf Tvufeufrsm;udk rawG@
rjrifzl;=uyg? ,ckrl rdrdwdk@. vufwGif;okd@ xdkaoewfrsm; a&muf&Sdaeyg+yD?
u|efawmfwdk@wyfzJG@onf tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGwyf[k qdkaomfvnf; trnf
emrESifh rvdkufzufatmifyif tiftm;t&mY ao;i,fcsnfheJ@aeonf? xkdwyfzJG@onf
ta&S@ajrmufppfa'owGif EdkifiHa&;/ ppfa&; 6 voifwef; wufa&mufavhusifhcJh=uonfh
wyfjzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh &Jabmfwdkif;onf rdrdwdk@oif=um;xm;aom pmawG@ oabm
w&m;rsm;udk vufawG@ppfajrjyifwGif jyousifhoHk;vdk=uygonf? wenf;tm;jzifh Twyf
zGJ@onf vltiftm;t& csnfheJ@ao;i,faomfvnf; pdwf"mwfa&;&mwGif jrifhrm;aom
wyfzJG@i,f jzpfaeygonf?
‚wyfzJG@.EdkifiHa&;rSL;onf wyfzJG@ESifhtwlr&Sdyg? tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecJG
wm0efcH ocifwifxGef;ac:I wm0efay;xm;onf? wyfzJG@wGif u|efawmfESifh 'k-wyfrSL;
&Jabmf0if;aqGwdk@omv#if &Sdaeonf? u|efawmfwdk@wyfzJG@onf ausmuf*laemifvHkESifh
aemif0dk; rdkif;,Gif;a'orsm;wGif vSnfhvnfv_yf&Sm; vlxkpnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif
&Gufaeonf? xdkumvrSm yif rqv ppftm%m&Siftpdk;&onf Te,fajra'orsm;udk
ppfa&;t& xdk;ppf}uDd;w&yf qifE$Jvmygonf? ‚xdk;ppfonf rdk;vHk;[def;ppfqifa&;.
tqifhrsm;jzpfrnf[k ,lq&onf? ausmuf*laemifvHka'oESifh aemif0dk; rdkif;,Gif; rdkif;vef;
paom a'orsm;udk wyfr 88 vufatmufcH wyf&if; wyfzJG@rsm;rS ppfa=umif;rsm;onf
0ifa&muf&Sif;vif;avonf? xdkppf a=umif;rsm;udk OD;pD;uGyfuJolonf 'k-AdkvfrSL;}uD;
armifarmifcif jzpfonf? u|efawmfrSwfrdoavmufqkdv#if xdkarmifarmifcifonf
±kyf&Sifrif;orD; tu,f'rD cifoef;Ek. yxrcifyGef;onf jzpfonf[k =um;odcJh&onf?

69
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
aemifaomtcg olonf w±kwfjynfol@orRwEdkifiHqdkif&m jrefrmEdkifiH. ppfoHrSL;wOD;
tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJholjzpfonf? a&S@wef;uGyfuJa&;rSL; armifarmifcifonf
ausmuf*le,fokd@a&muf&Sdum wyf&if;wyfzJG@ppf a=umif;rsm;udk aemifcsdKa'oESifh aemifvHk
a'o.'kXm0wDjrpfurf;wav#muf ydwfqdk@&Sif;vif;ygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@A[dkXmecJGwyfzJG@onf ausmuf*le,fbufudk0ifum vHk0,f aus;
&GmteD; awmwGif;wae&mY wyfudkazsmufxm;cJhonf? ocifwifxGef;wdk@ A[dkXmecJG
tpkonf ausmuf*le,fawmifbufjcrf; tifawmausmuf*loGm; um;vrf;. taemuf
bufY TumvwGif &Sdaeygonf?
,if;umv. &ycwdkif;rSL;onf AdkvfrSL;}uD;oef;wifjzpf+yD; ‚onf wyfr
88 wyfrrSL;tjzpfrS ajymif;vmol jzpfonf? Akdvfoef;wifonf rdrdudk,fukd,frd rd
AD,uferfppfyu GJ mvu tar&duefwyfrsm;.Adv k cf sKyf 0Dvs0H ufprf ;kd vif; (Willian West-
moreland) *dkufrsdK;eJ@ a&mufvm onf[k ajymqdkoHoJhoJh =um;cJhzl;ygonf? tar&d
uefe,fcsJ@orm;onf AD,uferfEdkifiHtm; usL;ausmfppfqifcJh&mwGif vufeuf/ aiGa=u;
tiftm;rsm;ESifh acwfrDtwwfynmrsm;udkyg pkðyHtoHk;ðyI wdkufcdkufjcif; jzpfonf?
xdkppfyJGwGif AD,uferfjynfolrsm;onf pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_/ ZJGowWdjynfh0r_/ wdkif;jynftm;
cspfjrwfEdkf;r_wdk@ESifh w&m;aom ckcHppfudk qifE$J=ujcif;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh tar&duefwdk@
. usL;ausmfa&;ppfonf 0ufpfrdk;vif;tygt0if tar&duef ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsm; cGufcGuf
vefatmif ±_H;edrfh+yD; zif"m;&rf; ajy;=u&aom ppfyJGjzpfygonf? xdkodk@aom tajctae
rsdK;rSmyif 0ufpfrdk;vif;u u|efawmfhudk vlawGxyfay;yg? vlrsm;rsm; ay;v#if tvkyfrsm;
rsm; vkyfEdkifonf[k qkdaeao;onf? 0ufpfrdk;vif;um; aoonftxd 0rf;oGm;r&yf
onfhol[kyif qdk&ygrnf?
u|eaf wmfw@kd A[dXk mecJw
G yfz@GJ onf &Jabmfwikd ;f Y ausmyd;k tdwrf sm;wGif uwkwf
usif;rsm; wl;&eftwGuf a'ovkyf vufw0g;r# tjym;&Sdaom wl&Gif;jym;uav;rsm;
yg&Sd=uonf? Twl&Gif;jym;uav;rsm;jzifh vdktyfv#if uwkwfusif;rsm;udk wl;=uygonf?
xdkwl&Gif;jym;. vufudkif±dk;udkvnf; awG@&Sdonfhopfudkif; odk@r[kwf 0g;udkif;rsm;jzifh
tvG,fwul ðyvkyfEdkifygonf? rdrdwdk@wyfzJG@onf a&muf&Sdonfh ae&mrsm;wGif ppfa&;
t& ta&;}uD;v#if }uD;ovdk cHuwkwfusif;rsm; wl;I wyfcsae&m,l aexdkif=u avh&Sdyg
onf? xdk;ppfqifvmonfh &efolwyfrsm;onf ausmuf*le,fY 0ifa&mufvm=u&mwGif
xdk;ppf.tpydkif;jzpfIvm; rajymwwfyg? tawmftxiftjrifao;onfhyHk ay:vGifaeyg
onf? txl;ojzifh wyfpktiftm;txd tvSrf;a0;a0; wyfrsm;jzef@cJGum v_yf&Sm;jcif;
jzpfonf? TonfrSm u|efawmfwdk@vdk ajymufusm;wyfzJG@i,frsm;twGuf tcGifhtvrf;
aumiff; wck[k qdk&ygrnf? &efolrsm; txiftjrifao;jcif;onf ‚wdk@.ppfa&; owd
uif;rJhjcif;om jzpfonf?

70
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
azaz:0g&Dv. w&ufaomae@wae@Y u|efawmfwdk@wyfzJG@ESifh tvSrf;ra0;
onfh vHk0,f&Gmudk &efolppfwyfwwyf a&muf&Sdvma=umif; T&GmrS &Gmom; 2 ODd;u
owif;vma&mufay;ydk@onf? &Gmom; 2 OD;. ajymjycsufrsm;t& a&muf&Sdvmonfh
ppfwyfonf ausmuf*l wyfpcef; bufrS vmjcif;jzpfonf? TnY &GmrSmyif tdyfrnf[k
ajymonf? wyf.tiftm;onf odyfrrsm;yg/ tm;vHk;&Sdu vltpdwfoHk;q,f vGefa&m
u|Ha&m &Sdrnf? ‚wdk@onf aemufwae@reufapm xrif;pm;+yD;csdefwGif ausmufqHk&Gm
bufudk oGm;rnf[k Adkvfjzpfolu &Gmvl}uD;udk ajymjyaeonf? ausmufqHk&Gmbuf
oGm;rnhf vloGm;vrf;udkvnf; ar;jref;aeI vrf;jyac:rnhfyHk r&Sdyg ponfwdk@jzpfonf?
u|efawmfonf owif;vmydk@onfh &Gmom; 2 OD;tm; nbufwGif xyfrHI
owif;ydk@&ef aqG;aEG;rSm=um;um rdrdwdk@onf TteD;w0dkufwGif &Sdaernfjzpfa=umif;
udkvnf; ajymjyvdkufonf? xdk@tjyif wjcm;&Gmom;rsm; rod&Sd&ef aqG;aEG;I ‚wdk@udk
jyefv$wfvdkufonf? nbuf 8 em&Dcef@wGif T&Gmom; 2 OD; xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmum
owif;rsm;udk ajymjyygonf? ‚wdk@ajymjyonfh owif;rsm;t&qdkv#if &GmY ntdyf
onfh ppfwyfonf trSefyif ausmufqHk&Gmudk oGm;=urnfjzpfonf? &Gmom; vrf;jyrac:
bJ ‚wdk@bmom oGm;rnf[k od&Sd&onf?
rdrdonf owif;vmydk@onfh &Gmom; 2 OD; jyefoGm;=u+yD;aemuf csufcsif;yif
wyftm; toifjh yifqifcikd ;f +yD; ausmufq&kH mG bufomG ;aom vlomG ;vrf;&S&d mudk ajymif;a&$@
cJh=uonf? xdkvloGm;vrf;onf awm vrf;jzpfI awmiftqif;twufrsm; tenf;
tusOf;om &Sdonf? vHk0,f&GmY ntdyfaom &efol@wyfonf Tvrf;rSyif vmrnfjzpf
I csHKcdkwdkufcdkuf&ef jyifqif&ygawmhonf?
a=u;pm;wyfrsm; csDwufoGm;vm=u&mY vkyfavhvkyfx&SdonfrSm csDwuf
oGm;vmrnfh vrf;. 0J,mab;ESpfzufudk wyfjzef@I &Sif;vif;avh&Sdonf? odk@jzpfI vrf;
ab;ESpfzufwGif opfyifcsHKykwfrsm; uif;&Sif;&ef vdkrnf? odk@rSom vrf;tm; &Sif;vif;
&efrvdkbJ oHo,uif;pGmjzifh csDwuf =uayvdrfhrnf? odk@jzpfI u|efawmfonf rsufuG,f
usnfuG,f uif;&Sif;rnfh vrf;.tydkif;udk t"duxm; a&G;cs,f&onf? rdrdwyf ae&m,l
wdkufcdkuf&rnfh taetxm;onfvnf; xdktwkdif;om jzpf&ygrnf?
&efolrsm; csDwufvmrnfhbufonf wdkufuGuf. a&S@qHk;xdyfOD; jzpfayvdrfh
rnf? Ttydkif;wGif rdrdwyfrS vdktyfrnfh tiftm;udkoHk;I ykZGefvufruJhodk@ [xm;um
jzef@um;+yD; ae&m,lxm;&rnf? TonfrSm csDwufvmonfh &efolrsm;u tu,fI
vrf;.ab; 0J,m&Sif;vif;r_rsm; ðyvkyfvmv#if umuG,fEkdifap&ef }uKdwifjyifqifonfh
oabmyif jzpf onf? tu,fI &Sif;vif;jcif; rðyv#if xdk&efoltm;vHk; wa,mufrusef
wdkufuGuftwGif; 0if+yD;v#if TykZGefvufronf ±kwfcsnf;yifyl;n‡yf vkduf&rnf
jzpfygonf? wenf;tm;jzifh zGifhxm;aomwHcg;udk jyefvnf ydwfxm;jcif; jzpfonf?

71
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vloGm;vrf;. ab;wzufwGif rdrdwyf. tiftm;trsm;pkonf vrf;bufudk
rsufESmrlI ae&m,l&rnf? rsufuG,fusnfuG,frsm; r&Sdonfh twGuf uwkwfusif;rsm;
wl;&ygrnf? &efolrsm; vrf;twdkif; csDwufvm v#if ab;wdkuftaetxm;ESifh ypfcwfacs
r_ef;&ef jzpfonf? wdkufuGuftwGif; 0ifa&mufvmonfh &efolrsm;udk pwifypfcwf
&rnfhtzJG@onf wdkufuGuf.xdyfOD;ydkif; tzJG@jzpfonf? jzwfawmufydwfqdk@a&;tzJG@rSmrl
ausmufqHk&Gmokd@ oGm;aomvrf;. oifhawmfrnfhtydkif;wGif ae&m,l&rnf? TonfrSm
u|efawmfwdk@pDpOfxm;onfh &efoltm; acsr_ef;wdkufcdkufrnfh csHLcdkvrf;jzwfwdkufyJG.
a,bk,syHk=urf; taetxm; jzpfonf? TyHk=urf;udk rdrdwyftm;vnf; ajryHkrsm;
ðyvkyfI tcsdef,l &Sif;vif;jyocJhonf?

azaz:0g&D v . ae@wae@Y
a[refaqmif;&moD. vwvyif jzpfygonf? aqmif;tukef aEGtul;
aygif;ul;wHwm;cif;ay;rnfh v [kvnf; qdkEdkifygonf? xdkv. wae@aomeHeufcif; 8
em&DtcsdefwGif ta&S@wcGifrS vif;a&mifjcnfonf ESif;r_efawG=um;rS wdk;a0S@um xGufjyL
&eftm;,laeygonf? ajrmufbuf t&yfrS wdkufcwfvmaom aqmif;avat;uvnf;
at;jrvSonf? xdak vEkat;a=umifh xif;±SL;&Gurf sm;onfvnf; w&S&J jJS zifjh rnfum ,dr;f EG@J
jrL;wl;ae=uygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ wyfzJG@.wyfzJG@0ifrsm;tm;vHk;onf &efoltvmudk iHhvifhum
toifhae&m,lxm;=uonf? 0eff;usifwckvHk;onf avwdk;oH opf&Gufrsm;v_yfoHrSty
tm;vHk; wdwfqdwf+idrfouf tdyfarmusae=u ygonf? aus;iSufowW0gav;rsm;. toH
AvHrsm;ukdyif =um;rvmyg? olwkd@onfvnf; wdkufyJGjzpfrnfudk &dyfpm;rdaeovm;[k
qd&k ygrnf? u|eaf wmfw@kd &aJ bmfrsm;onf uwkwu f si;f rsm;xJY rdrw
d @kd wOD;csi;f udik af qmif
xm;=uonfh vufeufrsm;udk toifhtaetxm;ESifhvnf;aumif;/ w±kwfjynfvkyf
vufudkifvufypfAHk;rsm;.tzHk;rsm;ukd zGifhukdifxm;Ivnf;aumif; tm;vHk;toifhjzpf
ae=uonf? qdwf+idrftdyfarmusaeaom ywf0ef;usifwckvHk;udk v_yfIE_d;ovdk &efolrsm;
. ppfzdeyfoH rsm; =um;vmae&onf? &efolwdk@onf u|efawmfwdk@ apmifhaeaom wdkuf
uGut f wGi;f udk wa,muf+yD;wa,muf/ wzJ@G +yD;wzJ@G a&S@aemufwef;f um us;D uef;awmif;
arSmuf 0ifa&mufvmaeygonf? aemufqHk;wzJG@ aemufqHk; wa,muf a&S@odk@ajctvSrf;
wGif atmfwdkaoewfoHrsm;ESifh vufypf AHk;oHrsm;onf rdk;xuftmum okd@±dkufcwfjrnf
[def;rwwfæ rdk;csKef;ovdk wawmvHk; qlnHoGm;ygawmhonf?
tcsdeftm;jzifh r=umvdkufyg? 15 rdepfcef@t=umrSmyif aoewfoH AHk;oH
tm;vHk;&yfoGm;um &efolrsm;. nnf;oHnLoHrsm; =um;ae&onf? wdkufyJGcGif &Sif;vif;
&mY &efol@tavmif; 22 avmif;/ '%f&mjzifh zrf;rdol 4 ODd; pkpkaygif; 26 OD; &Sdonf?

72
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vufeufrsm;rSmrl ypPwdk 1 vuf/ *sDo&D; 17 vuf/ *sDzdk; 4 vuf/ vufacgufarmfwm
(ac:) AHk;ypfaoewf 1 vuf/ pkpkaygif; 23 vuf/ *sDo&Dd; 3 vufonf vufypfAHk;xdrSefI
ysufpD;oGm;onf? usnfrsdK;pHk 3000 ausmf/ ppfoHk;ajryHktcsyfa& 22 csyfESifh tjcm;
aomypPnf;rsm; odrf;qnf;&rdygonf?
u|eaf wmfw@kd wukd cf u
kd o
f nfh &efoo l nf txl;uGerf ef'w kd yfpk (Special Com-
mando) jzpfonf? wyfpkrSL;onf t&mcHAdkvf (Warrant officer) armifusifqdkol
jzpfonf? ‚onf a&S@wef;rSL; armifarmifcifxo H @dk ppfo;kH ajryHrk sm; oGm;a&mufay;yd@k jcif;
jzpfonf? armifusifonf aoqHk;onfhtxJwGif ygoGm;ygonf? ol. ppfoHk;ab;vG,f
tdwftwGif;rS ae@pOfrSwfwrf;pmtkyfESifh "mwfyHkrsm;yg odrf;qnf;&rdcJhonf?
TwdkufyJGwGif rdrdwdk@bufrS ytdk0fhvlrsdK; wyfom;&Jabmfpdefarmif wOD; us
qH;k +yD; uset
f m;vH;k xdcukd u
f sq;kH jcif; r&Syd g? &Jabmf pdeaf rmifonf &efou l kd tm;yg;w&ESihf
uwkwfusif;xJrSaeI *sDzdk;aoewfjzifh ypfcwfacsr_ef;ygonf? Tr#ESifh tm;r&ao;bJ
uwkwfusif;xJ xdkifae&mrS rwf wyf&yf ypfcwfygonf? xdktcg u|efawmfonf ‚udk
owday;ygao;onf? odk@aomf r=um;yg? TwGif &efolvufajzmifh wyfom;wOD;. vuf
csufjzifh &if0Y aoewfusnfoifhum usqHk;jcif;jzpfonf? T&efol@vufajzmifh wyfom;
udkvnf; csufcsif;yif ypfcwfokwfoifEkdifvdkufygonf?
&Jabmfpdefarmifonf t&yftarmif;rStp udk,fum, awmifh wif;}uH@cdkifol
jzpfonf? olusqHk;aom tcsdefwGif ol.toufonf 19 -20 r#om&Sdygrnf? ‚onf
TwdkufyJGY &efoltrsm;tjym;udk ypfcwfacsr_ef;EdkifcJhaom wdkufcdkufa&;ol&Jaumif;
wOD;jzpfonf? &Jabmfpdefarmif. ±kyftavmif;udk wdkufyJGjzpfyGm;onfhae&mESifh tvSrf;
uGma0;onfh ae&m wckwGif ajrusif;wl;um pepfwusjr‡KyfESHI wyfzJG@wckvHk; wef;pD+yD;
ppftav;ðyjcif;jzifh tav;ðyum o+*õK[fcJh=uygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf &efol@xHrS odrf;ydkuf&&Sdonfh vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;ESifh ppfoHk;
ypPnf;rsm;/ ppfajryHkrsm;uddk weifhwydk;xrf;ydk;um wdkufyJGae&mrSvnf;aumif;/ ausmuf*l
e,fajrrSvnf;aumif; atmifjrifpGm qkwfcGmcJh=uygonf? TwdkufyJGwGif aoewf'%f&m
&&Sdxm;aom &efol ppfom; 4 OD;udk rdrdwdk@.aq;wyfzJG@rS aq;xdk;aq;xnfh ywfwD;
pnf;ay;um ausmuf*lwyfpcef;udk &Gmom;rsm;tultnDjzifh ydk@ay;cJhonf?
'%f&m& &efolppfonfrsm;xHrS uGefref'dkwyfpk. zJG@pnf;r_udk ar;jref;od&Sd
cJh&onf? t=urf;tm;jzifh Todk@jzpfonf? vltiftm; 26 &Sd+yDd; wyfpdwfwpdwfwGif 8
a,muf/ wyfpdwf 3 pdwfjzifh zJG@pnf;onf? wyfpdwfwpdwfwGif vufajzmifhwyfom;
wOD;usyg&Sd+yD; 'k-pdwfrSL;rsm;onf *sDzdk;aoewfrsm;udk udkifaqmifwyfqif&onf? wyf
pkrSL;onf wdkufcdkufa&; tawG@tñuH&SdI ppfr_xrf;ouf&ifhonfh t&mcHAdkvf odk@r[kwf
'kAkdvftqifh &Sdol wOD;rS acgif;aqmif&onf? pkrSL;onf umbdkifodk@r[kwf ypPwdkESpfouf

73
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
&m udkifaqmifcGifh&Sdonf[k qdkygonf?
tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJG wyfzG@J tjzpfESifh pwifI &efoludk wdkufch&J onfh yJGOD;xGuf
wdkufyJGjzpfonf? ‚tjyif &ycwdkif;rSL; Adkvfoef;wifudk,fwdkif OD;pD;a&S@aqmifonfh
rdk;vHk;[def;ppfqifa&;udk wpHkw&mwkH@jyefcJhaom wdkufyJGvnf; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh u|ef
awmfESifh 'k-wyfrSL;&Jabmf0if;aqG (aemifwGif ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o. wyfr[m 12 .
wyfrSL;jzpfol) ESifh wyfzJG@0iftm;vHk;rSm aqmif;&moDrSmyif taEG;"mwfudk,fpD tðyH;rsm;
&$if=unfpGmjzifh wufºuauseyfaerd=uygonf?

ES i f ; ra0aomaEG
tvSyeff;awG a0pDaom aEGv&moDudk a&S;pmqdkawGu pmyef;csD tvDvD
a&;jc,fcJh=uygonf? awmfvSefa&;. vif;a&mifjcnf xdefvif;awmufycJhonfrSmvnf;
vSyaom xkdaEGor,rSmyif jzpfonf? Armh ajrjyifwGif zufqpf *syefudk tjrpfygrusef
atmif awmfvSefwdkufcdkufonf rSmvnf; aEGrwfv 27 yifjzpfonf? zqyvtpdk;&u
t=urf;zuf owfjzwfESdyfuGyfcJhI rwwfomonhfatmufY ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu
ckcHawmfvSefppf qifE$JcJh=u&onfrSmvnf; TvSyaom aEGrwfv 28 yifjzpfonf?
a[refudk *drSmefu awmfvSefaom wausmhjyefaEGtjzpf a&mufcJhjyefyg+yD?
u|efawmfonf wrmawG aus;OpDonfh tnmajrudk c&D;wzef csD&jyefav
onf? ocifwifxGef;.wm0efay;csuft& ocifomn‡if;ESifhtwl tvkyfwm0ef
xrf;aqmif&ef jzpfonf? vkyfaqmif&rnfhwm0efonf txufArmjynf&Sd c±dkifa'o
wcsdK@Y ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. wdkif;/ c±dkif/ òr@e,ftqifh&Sd au'grsm;udk pkpnf;ac:,l
a&;yif jzpfonf? xdkvkyfief;tm; ODd;pD;vkyfudkifrnfhyk*~dKvfonf ocifomn‡if; jzpfonf?
u|efawmfonf xdkvkyfief;twGuf yHhydk;ulnDol/ acwfumvpum;t& vlo,f,lol
(CARRY) ESifh qufom; (Courier) tcef;u yg0if&ygonf? vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&mY
rEWav;òr@udk ‘pk&yf’ tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ayonf?
rEWav;òr@onf txufArmjynf.òr@awmfjzpfouJhodk@ ppf axmufvSrf;a&;
rsm; (MI) tifEiS t
hf m;ESihf tuGucf s ae&m,l apmifh =unfh aeaom òr@}uD;vnf; jzpfonf?
rEWav;òr@awmfwGif Armjynf uGefjrL epfygwDtygt0if vufeufudkif tzJG@tpnf;rsdL;pHkrS
vufeufcsrsm; pka0;aexdkifonfh òr@vnf;jzpfonf? rEWav;òr@wGif tpdk;& ukef;a=umif;
o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;±Hk; (Regional Transpost Corporation RTC) wGif tqifhqifh
0efxrf;rsm;teuf trsm;pkrSm Auyvufeufcsrsm; jzpf=uygonf?
Tvkyfief;tm; wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&aom ocifomn‡if;onf ausmif;ae
zuf todrdwfaqGrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;/ awmfvSefa&; tquf qufrS vkyfazmfudkifzuf
rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; tquftoG,f todtu|rf;rsm;jym;onfh yk*~dKvfwOD; jzpfonf?

74
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &; ocifEikd if &H ; orm;b0rS todrsm;/ zufqpfqef@usiaf &; awmfveS af &;
umvrS vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm; ponfwdk@jzpfonf? xdkodk@aom tajctaewGif Ttvkyf
tm; vkyfudkif&ojzifh ab;tEW&m,fESifh wdk;Edkifygonf? jynfol tusdK;/ ygwDawmfvSefa&;
tusdK;udk OD;xdyfyefqifI aqmif&Gufae=u&onf?
ab;tEW&m,f toG,foG,f=um;rS v_yf&Sm;vkyfudkif&onfrSm vufawG@wGif
tcuftcJ}uD;rm;ygonf? vkyfief;cGifYvnf; tqifrajyonfh txpftaighrsm; }uKH&yg
onf? rEWav;òr@ay:&Sd bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif; wdkufrsm;wGif e,fa'orsm;rS tod&[ef;
rsm;ESifh udk&ifomra%rsm;uddk rSDcdkum ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jy aexdkifvkyfudkif=u&ygonf?
aiGa=u;tcuftcJa=umifh todrw d af qG pmoifom; OD;d yÍif;wcsKd @EiS hf &Sio
f mra%wcsKd @.
tvSLcH&&Sdaom qGrf;usefrsm;udk weyfpmr#om uyf&yfpm;aomuf+yD; 0rf;rD;udk +idrf;apcJh
&ygonf? Todk@jzifh &uftenf;i,f&&SdvmonfhtcgwGif ysOf;rem;/ rauG;/ rdwˆDvm/
jrif ; +cH / ausmuf q nf e ,f a 'orsm;&S d wd k i f ; / c±d k i f / òr@e,f a 'orsm;rS au'gwcsd K @
pk&yfwGifa&muf&Sd pkpnf;ae=uygonf? a&muf&Sdaeonfh au'gwcsdK@tm; vlpkcJGum
c&D;xGuf=uygonf? oGm;&rnfhc&D;vrf;onf rEWav;rS aròr@odk@vnf;aumif;/ xdkrSwzef
awmvrf;c&D;jzifh 'kXm0&Djrpf. wzufurf;ok@d vnf;aumif;/ xdrk w S qifh aemifvakH emif0;kd
ESifh ausmuf*la'obuf jzpfonf?
yxrtokwftjzpf pk&yfrS c&D;xGuf=u&rnfh &Jabmfrsm;onf OD;&JxGef;/
OD;jrrif;ESifh OD;armifarmifpdef/ u|efawmfESifh qufom;&Jabmf aX;atmif aygif; 5 OD;jzpf.?
xdktokwfY touft&G,ft}uD;qHk;rSm OD;&JxGef;jzpfI ti,fqHk;rSm aX;atmifjzpfonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf aròr@udk acsmarmpGma&muf&Sd=u+yD; aròr@aps;ae@ (ig;&ufwywf
aps;jzpfonf) teD;tem;&Sd bk&m;Z&yfwckudk c%wðzwf 0ifa&mufem;=uygonf? a&S@
quf&rnfh c&D;vrf;twGuf xdkbk&m;Z&yfYyif vdktyfonf rsm;uddk jyifqif=u&ygonf?
u|efawmfESifh &JabmfaX;atmifonf ausmuf*le,frS ysm;za,mif;ESifh tifwJG
rsm; vma&mufI a&mif;csorl sm; tjzpfEiS hf yHyk ef;o¿mef aqmif&eftwGuf aròr@aps;xJrS
0g;xrf;ydk;2 acsmif;ESifh ypPnf;rsm;xnfhaom uGif;ygaomawmif; 2 vHk;udk 0,f,l&ygonf?
‚tjyif ysm;za,mif;tenf;i,fESifh tifwJGtenf;tusOf;udkyg 0,f,l&onf?
TonfrSm aròr@aps;wGif a&mif;Irukef vufusefrsm;tjzpfESifh jyo&efjzpfygonf?
usef&Jabmf 3 OD;rSmrl ausmuf*la'owGif toHk;ðy=uaom t&yfoHk; yavmifab;vG,f
tdwf}uD;rsm;ESifh 0g;carmuf}uD;rsm;udk 0,f,l=uygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk; jyifqifp&mrsm;udk jyifqif+yD;=uI xrf;olxrf; ab;
vG,ftdwf}uD;rsm;udk wapmif;vG,foluvG,fESifh &Srf;/ "EkvlrsdK; aps;jyefrsm;ESifhtwl
a&maESmum awmvrf;twdkif; 'kXm0wDjrpfbufokd@ c&D;xGufcJh=uygonf? "EkvlrsdK;rsm;
aexdkifaom &Gmw&Gmudk jzwfoef;aepOfY xdk&GmwGif }uKdI&muf&Sdaeaom ppfwyfESifh

75
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wdk;rdygonf? Tppfwyfonf aròr@&Sd bDtDd;wyfrS wyfpkwpkyif jzpfaeonf? xdkwyfpk
onf owif;t& apmifhaejcif; jzpfrnf? wu,fwGifvnf; owif;t& apmifhaejcif;
jzpfonf[k xdkwyfpkrS wyf=uyf}uD;u ajymqdkygonf? odk@aomf ‚wdk@ &&Sdonfh owiff;
wGif vlESpfOD;omjzpfI ,ckrl 5 OD;jzpfaeI uJGvGJaeygonf?
wyf=uyf}uD;onf u|efawmfwdk@ 5 OD;udk wvSnfhpD ar;jref;ppfaq;ygonf?
xdkodk@ ppfaq;ar;jref;pOfwGif ppfom; 5 OD;onf *sDo&D; aoewfrsm;jzifh toifhudkif
aqmifum apmihf=uyfaeygonf? OD;&JxGef;udk ppfaq;ar;jref;&mwGif wyf=uyf}uD;u
“OD;}uD;emrnf b,fvdkac:ovJ”[k ar;&m OD;&JxGef;u “u|efawmfhemrnf &efa0;yg
Adkvf}uD;”[k ajzvdkufygonf? ppfaq; aeaom wyf=uyf}uD;onf tm;&yg;& &,foGrf;
aoG;um “[mæ &efa0;wJh vm;” qdk+yD; rxDrhjJ rifoa&mfonfhavoHjzifh [m;aeayonf?
qdkvdkonfrSm &efra0;bl;/ &efonf a&S@rSmyif &Sdaeonf[laom t"dy`m,frsdK;yif jzpf
ygvdrfhrnf?
u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf tdajENrysuf ar;or#udk ajzqdkcJh=uonf? wyf=uyf
}uD;onf oHo,&Sif;oGm;onfhtaeESifh ODd;}uD;wdk@oGm;Edkif=uyg+yD[k ajymvmonf?
tm;vHk;onf ygvmaomypPnf;rsm;udk vG,folvG,f xrf;olxrf;ESifh ae&mrS ajcvSrf;rsm;
vSrf;vdkuf=u&mwGif wyf=uyf }uD;u “'kXm0wDjrpf [dkbufa&muf&if uGefjrLepfawGudk
ajymvdkufygAsmæu|efawmfwdk@ 'DrSm &Sdaew,fvkd@”[k ajymvmonf? “[kwfuJhyg
Adkvf}uD;”[k 5 OD;pvHk;u wòyifwnf; ajymvdkuf=uonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ 5 OD;onf em&D0ufausmfr# a0;uGmvmonfh c&D; ta&mufwGif
wOD;rsufESmwOD;=unhfum ðyH;&$ifpGmjzifh cyfoGufoGuf ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh c&D;ESifcJh=uonf?
'kXm0wDjrpf. wzufurf;a&mufrS touf00±SLEdkif=uum tarmtyef;ajz=uonf?
&ifqdkifñuHawG@cJh=u&aom tjzpftysufrsm;udk tjyeftvSef ol@tjrifudk,fhtjrifudk
ajymqdkum pum;pm;ðrH@jyef=uygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ tokwfonf uHaumif;onf[k
qdk&ygrnf? rdrdwdk@.tpkudk ar;jref;ppfaq;aom ppfwyfonf ajcvsifwdkufcdkufa&;wyf
rsm;r[kwfyg? ykvdyf&Jwyfvnf;r[kwfojzifh wenf;tm;jzifh ppfaq;r_tawG@tñuH
enf;aomwyf jzpfaeygonf? txl;ojzifh tif*sifeD,mwyf (Burma Engneering
Force BE ) jzpfaeygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tokwfwGif toufti,fqHk;jzpfaom &JabmfaX;atmifudk
ar;jref;ppfaq;&mwGif w}udrfESifhw}udrf xGufqdkcJhonfh aX;atmif.tajzrsm;onf
a&S@aemufrnD uJGvJGaeygonf? Tonfudk ar;jref;ppfaq;ol wyf=uyfa&m wyfom;rsm;
yg owdrrl tav;rxm;I awmfao;onf[k qdk&ygrnf? TonfrSm ru|rf;usifr_ESifh
tawG@tñuH enf;yg;r_yif jzpfonf? &JabmfaX;atmif. yxrt}udrf ajzqdk&mwGif
tdrfaxmifr&Sd vlysdK[kqdk+yD; 'kwd,t}udrf ajzqdk&mY u|efawmfhrdef;ru rDd;wGif;xJrSm[k

76
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ajymqdck yhJ gonf? Tod@k aomtrSm;rsKd ; tjcm;wyfrsm;qdv
k #if rvG,yf g? bDt;D wyfjzpfaeI
uHaumif;onf[k qdk&ygrnf? tu,fIom uHw&m;u raxmufrn‡m t=uifem
rJhpGmjzifh pD&ifcsufrsm; csvdkufygv#if u|efawmfwdk@wawG. b0rsm;onf vSyaomaEG
or,wGif &Gufopfrsm;vdkra0EdkifbJ &Gufa[mif;rsm;vdk aºuusum ajrc=u&ygrnf?
,ckawmhjzifh vSyaomæcspfaomaEGwGif u|efawmfwdk@wawGonf a0jzm vef;qef;qJ
vef;qef;ae=uOD;rnfom jzpfygonf?

wdik ;f rSL;oef;f wifEiS hf wdik ;f uGerf ef'pkd pfa=umif; cv& 57 rS &if;rSL; armifarmifcif
OD;pD;ppfa=umif; 2 a=umif;onf ocifwifxeG ;f wd@k wpktm; oJ}uD;rJ}uD; ajc&mcHI rkq;kd rsm;
om;aumifvdkufouJhodk@yif rsufjcnf jywfrcH vdkufvH&Sif;vif;aeonf? TtcsdefrSmyif
wdkif;rSL;oeff;wifonf awmifolukef;&Gmom; OD;av;qdkif;udk óu;jzifhwkyfI twif;t"rR
vrf;jy cdkif;ygonf? OD;av;qdkif;onf ocifwifxGef;udk av;pm;=unf!dkolwOD; jzpfonf?
ocifwifxGef;onf "m;jyolcdk;wOD; r[kwfyg? wdkif;jynfESifh jynfolawGtwGuf udk,fusdK;
riJhbJ ocifb0uyif vkyfvmaom yk*~dKvfwOD; jzpfonf[k OD;qdkif; vufcHem;vnfxm;
onfh yk*~dKvfwOD;jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh rwufrºu tifwifwif idkifwdkifwdkifjzpf aeonf
udk Adkvfoef;wif &dyfrdygonf? xdktcg Adkvfoef;wifonf ODd;qdkif;uddk “'DrSmOD;qdkif;æ
cifAsm;orD;av; tdrfrSmwa,mufwnf; usefae&pfw,fr[kwfvm;æ tcuftcJrjzpf
apcsif&iff ocifwifxGef;ae&mudk jyyg” [k rmausmaom avoHjzifh +cdrf;ajcmufygonf?
OD;av;qdkif;onf rsufpdvnfaeonf[kqdkum Adkvfoef;wifwdk@ ppfa=umif;udk [dkawmif
ac: 'Dawmifwufvkyfum rdk;vif;atmif tcsdefqJGaeygonf? Tonfudk atmufajcppf
t&m&Sd wcsKd @u pdwrf &Sn/f ±du k Ef u
S zf @dk jyif=uonf[k Adv k of ef;wif. pmtkyw f iG f a&;xm;
onfudk awG@&ygonf?
TumvwGif ocifwifxGef;onf u|efawmfhudk pma&;I vlv$wf ac:vmyg
onf? u|efawmfonf ocifwifxGef;. pm &&csif;yif wyfrS&Jabmf 4 a,mufwzGJ@udk
ac:I pmvmydk@onfh qufom;&JabmfESifhtwl vdkufygcJhygonf? 1970 ckESpf pufwifbm
7 &ufae@ naeydkif;wGif aZmf*sDjrpf.ajrmufbuf wem&DcJGcef@c&D;tuGm awmifa=um
wae&mwGif ocifwifxGef;ESifh vlcsif;qHkrd=uonf? ocifwifxGef;onf u|efawmfhudk
a&mufrqdkufqdkovdk tajctaeudk ajymjyygonf? +yD;v#if ‚u pufwifbm 6
&ufae@u &Jabmfausmfoef;- òr@e,faumfrwD (ausmuf qnf)ESifh &Jabmfausmf!Gef@
tif;trsKd ;om; (rlvwef;jyausmif;q&m) wd@k 2 OD;udk aZmf*sjD rpfbufo@dk &efo@l tajctae
axmufvSrf;&ef v$wfvdk ufygonf? odk@aomf olwdk@ 2 OD;onf ntxd jyefa&muf
rvm=uyg? xkd@twGuf u|efawmfu wm0ef,lI vkduf&Smay;apvkdonf[kqkdojzifh

77
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
u|efawmfonf ygvmonfh &Jabmf 4 a,mufESifhtwl aZmf*sDjzpfbufudk jyefqif;vm&yg
onf?
ocifwifxGef;wdk@&Sdonfh ae&mESifh rdepf 50 cef@tuGmwGif OD;jrrif; (c±dkifaumf
rwD) ESifh &Jabmf 3 a,mufwkd@onf pceff;axmuftjzpf &Sdaeygonf? u|efawmfonf
Tpcef;axmufudk a&muf&Sdum OD;jrrif;uddk tusdK;ta=umif; ajymjy&ygonf? xdkrS
aZmf*sDjrpfbufokd@ qif;vmcJhygonf? aZmf*sDjrpfESifh OD;jrrif;.pcef;onf rdepf 40 r#
&Srd nf[k xif&ygonf? pcef;axmuf.wm0efonf teD;qH;k &Gmjzpfaom wem &Dausmcf &D;
tuGmta0;&Sd acsmif;i,f&GmESifh qufoG,f&efESifh &duQmrsm; 0,f,l&ef jzpfonf?
u|efawmfonf &Jabmf 4 a,mufESifhtwl aZmf*sDjrpfurf;wav#mufudk
ajc&mvuf&mrsm; vdkufvH=unfh±_ygonf? aZmf*sDjrpfonf ta&S@rStaemufodk@ a&pD;I
jrpf.ajrmufzufurf;udk jzwfonfhwae&mY jrpfurf;ab; ausmufwHk;i,fwckay:wGif
n‡yfzdeyf 2 &H wifxm;onfudk awG@&Sd&ygonf? xdkteD;0ef;usifrSmvnf; &efolrsm;.
ppfzdeyfajc&mrsm; awG@&Sd&onf? u|efawmfESifh &Jabmf 4 a,mufonf pufwifbm 8
&ufae@ rdk;vif;onfhtcsdefwGif OD;jrrif;&Sdonfh pcef;uddk jyefa&muf=uonf? TrSmyif
reufpmxrif;pm;I u|efawmfonf OD;jrrif;udk tajctaersm; ajymjy&ygonf? xdk
tajctaeudkvnf; ocifwifxGef;od&Sd&ef pma&;I &JabmfwOD;ukd óuv$wfygonf?
pmoGm;ydk@ onhf&Jabmfonf pceff;axmufudk tjrefyJjyefa&mufvm+yD; ocifwifxGef;
a&;ay;vmaompmudk ay;ygonf? xdkpmwGif u|efawmfhudk tjrefwufvmzkd@ a&;xm;
onf? u|efawmf onf &Jabmf 4 a,mufESifhtwl ocifwifxGef;xHokd@ tjrefyifwuf
oGm;ygonf? ocifwifxGef;&Sdaom awmifa=umay:wufrnftðywGif aoewfoHrsm;/
ESpfvufrpdefajymif;oHrsm;onf qlnHaeonf? xdktcsdefonf 1970 ckESpf pufwifbm
8 &uf reuf 10 ; 30 em&D tcsdefjzpfygonf?
u|eaf wmfonf aoewforH sm; p=um;&onfah e&m awmifajcYyif xdik I f tajc
taeud k em;axmif t uJ c wf a eygonf ? 10 rd e pf c ef @ t=umwG i f aoewf o H r sm;
usI J vmonf? xdt k csed Yf wdu
k yf t
GJ wGi;f rS ajy;vmaom &Sr;f vlrsKd ;&Jabmfav; tdu k af rmif
onf u|efawmfwdk@xH a&muf&Sdvmonf? ‚ESifh ra&S;raESmif;rSmyif trsdK;orD;&Jabmfcif
(rcif) onfvnf; ESpfvufrpdefajymif;qH xdrSefI aygifwGif'%f&m tenf;i,f&um
a&muf&v dS mygonf? tvm;wl &JabmfvaS omif;vnf; wdu k yf rGJ S vGwaf jrmufI ausmuf
*le,fbufodk@ a&muf&SdoGm;ygonf? u|efawmfonf Tae&mrS aoewfoHrsm; r=um;
&onftxd em&D0ufausmfr# apmifhygonf? rnfolwOD;wa,mufr# a&muf&Sdvmjcif;
r&SdI xdkae&mrS pGef@cGm&ef &Jabmfrsm;u owday;vmI u|efawmfonf rpGef@csifpGef@
csifjzifh ODd;jrrif; pcef;bufudk jyefvnfxGufcGmcJhygonf?
ocifwifxGef;ESifh &Jabmfrsm;. uH=urRmonfvnf;aumif;/ awmifolukef;&Gm

78
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
om;}uD; OD;av;qdkif;ESifh ‚.orD;i,fwkd@. a&S@a&;uH=urRmonfvnf;aumif; rnfodk@
&Sd=urnfudk awG;awmpOf;pm;&if; u|efawmf. acgif;xJwGif v_dif;xefaeygonf? Todk@jzifh
u|efawmfonf OD;jrrif;ESifh acgif;csif;qdkif&ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk; A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@
&Sd&modk@ qkwfcGm&ef qHk;jzwfygonf?
Adkvfoef;wifonf &Srf;jynfe,fta&S@ydkif; wdkifrSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ jrpf0
u|ef;ay:a'o ppfwdkif;rSL;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ yJcl;wdkif; ppfwdkif;rSL;ESifh ppfqifa&;rSL;}uD;
tjzpfvnf;aumif; wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygonf? xdkumvrsm;wGif olonf jzwf 4 jzwf
ppfenf;AsL[mudk csrSwf usifhoHk;cJhol jzpfa=umif;udk ‚a&;om;onfh ukd,fawG@ jzpf&yf
rsm; “ppfqif a&;+yD; ppfqifa&;” pmtkyfwGif awG@&Sd&ygonf? ‚onf xdkppfenf;AsL[m
rsm; ta=umif;udkvnf; ,ckuJhodk@ *k%f,l0ifhºum;pGm a&;om;xm;jyefonf?
(1) a&mifpHkaomif;usef;olwdk@. trmcHrsm;tm; azmfxkwfjcif;?
(2) &duQmydwfqdk@jcif;?
(3) qufa=u;rsm;jzwfjcif;?
(4) aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd aomif;usef;olqef@usifa&;tzJG@rsm;/ wyfrawmfESifh
jynfolrsm;t&Sdefa=umifh a&mifpHkaomif;usef;olrsm; vufeufcsvm&
onf?
‚pmtkyf.wae&mY “Auy wdk@onf Armjynfaemufydkif;ESifh &Srf;jynfe,f
rSwqifh wzufEdkifiH uGefjrLepfrsm; v_yf&Sm;r_jzifh qufpyftultnD&,l&ef pdwful;,Of
&nf&G,fxm;=uonf? ,if;a=umifh Auy 500 ausmf/ &Srf;aomif;usef;ol 300 ausmf/
ytdk@0faomif;usef;ol 200 ausmf odrf;oGif;um wzufEdkifiHodk@v$wf+yD; oifweff;wuf
vufeuf wyfqifcJhygonf? xdktiftm;jzifh &Srf;jynfudk odrf;ydkufEdkif&ef jzpfonf? ‚rS
&Srf;jynfudk r[mAsL[m tajccHpcef;tjzpf owfrSwf+yD; xdkif;EdkifiHESifh vmtdkEdkifiH&Sd
uGefjrLepfrsm;ESifh qufoG,fr_,lI jrefrmEdkifiHjynfrudk xdk;azmuf=urnfjzpfonf?
,if;&nf&G,fcsufjzifh A[dkaumfrwD0if ocifwifxGef;udk &Srf;jynfe,f awmif
}uD;c±dkifrS tifawm/ ausmuf*la'owGif AuyA[dkcJG zJG@pnf;cJhonf? &Srf;jynfA[dkcJGudk
c±dkifoHk;ckcJGI ajrmufydkif;c±dkifwm0efcH Adkvfusifarmif/ tv,fydkif;c±dkifwm0efcH Adkvfpdk;
armifESifh awmifydkif;c±dkifwm0efcH Adkvfykwdk@udk wm0efay;ygonf? pma&;ol wdkif;rSL;
wm0efxrf;aqmifpOfu Adkvfpdk;armifudkvnf;aumif;/ awmifydkif;c±dkifjzpfonfh tif;av;
a'oESifh aygif;avmif;a'owm0efcH AdkvfykESifh Adkvfatmifjrifhwdk@ ESpfOD;ukdvnf;aumif;
taozrf;qD;&&SdcJhonf? ‚tjyif A[dkaumfrwD0if ocifwifxGef;tm; &Srf;jynfe,f
awmif}uD;c±dkif tifawm ausmuf*la'o wGif (pma&;ol) wdkif;rSL;udk,fwdkif OD;aqmif+yD;
wa,muf r usef &S i f ; vif ; cJ h + yD ; jzpf o nf ? jrpf 0 u|ef ; ay:a'o&S d a&mif p H k a omif ;
usef;olrsm;udkvnf; tjrpfvSef acsr_ef;EdkifcJhonf? yJcl;±dk;r}uD;udk &efolwa,mufrS

79
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ruse&f atmif(wwdik ;f vH;k tjzLa&mifjzpfatmif) xd;k ppfAsL[mrsm;tm;oH;k I atmifjrifpmG
aqmif&GufcJhonf?” [k tao;pdwf 0ifhºum;pGm a&;om;xm;onfudkvnf; awG@&Sd&yg
onf?
Adkvfoef;wif a&;om;xm;ovdk yJcl;±dk;r Auy A[dkESifh &Srf;jynfe,f A[dkcJG/
jrpf0u|ef;ay:wdkif; ponfhtiftm;rsm; ausðyef;cJh=u&onfrSm Adkvfoef;wif. ppfpGrf;
&nfwckwnf;a=umifh r[kwfyg? wjcm;aom ta=umif;rsm;vnf; &Sdygonf? txl;ojzifh
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD.ygwDwnfaqmufa&; vrf;pOftrSm;ESifh ppfa&;vrf;pOf trSm;
rsm;onf t"dujzpfonf? ygwDwnfaqmufa&;vrf;pOfwGif t}uD;rm;qHk;trSm;rSm
*dk%f;*%0g'jzpf+yD; (ðzwf/ xkwf/ owf) txd jzpfcJhygonf? ppfa&;vrf;pOfrSmvnf;
&efol.ppfa&;xdk;ppfcGiftwGif;rS rnfonfhtajctaersdK;Yyifrqkd qkwfcGmjcif; rðy&
qdkaom cHppfaooufouf trSm;yif jzpfonf? xdktrSm;rsm;onf ygwDtm; }uD;pGm
xdcu kd af pygonf? ,if;a=umifh Adv k o f ef;wifwa,muf r&G,b f EJ iS hf apmfurJ if;jzpfqo
dk vkd
vufraxmifEkdifjcif; jzpfygonf?
Adkvfoef;wif. ppfenf;AsL[m jzwfav;jzwfa=umifhyJ yJcl;±dk;r&Sd awmifay:
awmifatmuf ae&ma'otESH@&Sd vlrsdK;pHk jynfolrsm; acgif;jywf =u&ygonf? taerJh
tajcrJhjzpfum twd'kuQ}uD;pGm a&muf=u&ygonf? Tonfudk Adkvfoeff;wifwa,muf
bmha=umifhrsm; owWd&Sd&Sd rajymra&;bJ csefxm;onfudk ar;vdkygonf?
u|efawmf/ OD;jrrif;ESifh &Jabmfrsm;onf nbufrSmyif aZmf*sDjrpfudk jzwful;=u
onf? xdkrS rdk;vHk;[def;a'ookd@ ncsDwufr_ESifh csDwufcJh=uygonf? rdrdwdk@tpkonf
rdk;vHk;[def;a'o txl;pnf;±Hk;a&;e,fajrudk acsmarmpGm a&muf&Sdygonf? e,fajrpnf;±Hk;
a&;tzJG@.ajymqdkcsuft& A[dkXmecJG wyfzJG@onf u|efawmf.jyeftvmudk rapmifhawmh
bJ ausmuf*la'o bufudk jyefvnfcsDwufoGm;onf[k od&ygonf?
xdkumvtwGif;Yyif jrefrmhtoHa&'D,dk n 8 em&Dowif;Y Todk@=um;&
onf? “1970 ckESpf pufwifbmv 8 &ufae@ reuf 10 ; 45 em&DtcsdefwGif ajryHk!¸ef;
M / 809732 ae&mwGif Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD. A[dkaumfrwDESifh tv,fydkif;
A[dkcJGwm0efcHjzpfol ocifwifxGef;ESifh ‚.ZeD; a':cifrav;udk aemufvdkufaemuf
ygrsm;ESifhtwl Armhwyfrawmf ppfa=umif;wa=umif;rS taozrf;qD;&&Sdonf? ‚wdk@
ESifhtwl ta&;}uD;onfh pm&Gufpmwrff;wcsdK@udkvnf; odrf;qnf;&&Sdonf?” [k a=unm
oGm;onf? a&'D,dkrS xdkokd@a=unm+yD; aemufae@wGif ocifwifxGef;.a=u;eef; quf
oG,fa&;XmerS a=u;eef;pufESifhtwl &Jabmf 3 OD;ESifh aq;XmerSwOD; aygif; 4 OD;onf
wdkufyJGwGif;rS vGwfajrmufI u|efawmfwdk@xH a&muf&Sdvmonf? TwdkufyJGwGif ocif
wifxGef;ESifhtwl usqHk;oGm;aom &Jabmfrsm; rSm &JabmfvSarmif/ &Jabmfbarmif/
&Jabmfjroef;æpaom c±dkifaumfrwD rsm;ESifh &Jabmfjroef;.nD &JabmfjrpH/ &Jabmf

80
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
at;armif/ &JabmfwifvSæpaom ygwD0ifau'grsm;vnf; yg0if=uonf?
ocifwifxGef;usqHk;I tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGudk acgif;aqmif&efrSm tcuf
tcJ&Sdaeonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;oabmt& TudpPonf ygwDA[dk.tceff;u¾om jzpf
onf? ygwDA[dkonf yJcl;±dk;rwGif&Sd+yD; ‚ESifh a=u;eef;tquftoG,f vHk;0r&Sdyg?
qufoG,f&ef jzpfEdkifacs&SdonfrSm Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD 'k-OuUÏ
yifjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh u|efawmfonf tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGwyfzJG@. wyfrSL; wOD;tae
ESiv
hf nf;aumif;/ ygw0D ifwOD;taejzifvh nf;aumif; {nfo h nf0g&ifah u'g}uD;rsm;ESihf wifjy
n‡dE_dif;r_rsm; ðyvkyf&ygonf? ‚wdk@.oabmwlnDr_t& pkaygif;pOf;pm;qkH;jzwf=u&
ygonf? ygwDA[dk&Sdonfh yJcl;±dk;ronf tvSrf;a0;+yD; &efolxdk;ppfrsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf?
,if;a=umifh ygwD'k-OuUÏ ocifAodef;wif&Sd&m ta&S@ajrmufppfa'oodk@ csDwuf&ef
jzpfonf? TtwGuf tcdkiftrmwm0ef,l vkyfudkif&efrSm XmecJGwyfzJG@.wyfrSL; jzpfol
u|efawmfyif jzpfonf [k qHk;jzwf=uygonf?
u|efawmfonf xdkoabmxm;t& OD;jrrif;ESifhtwl rdk;vHk;[def;a'o txl;
pnf;±Hk;a&;tzJG@tm; aqG;aEG;onf? ‚pnf;±Hk;a&;tzJG@wGif wm0efcHrsm;jzpfonfh &Jabmf
aiG (q&mr}uD;a':aiG) &Jabmf[ed f (c) &Jabmf wifarmif (tif;trsKd ;om;) wd@k yg&=dS uonf?
‚-txl;pnf;±Hk;a&; tzJG@onf vuf&SdtajctaewGif vkdtyfrnfhau'gwOD;ESifh &Jabmf
3-4 OD;udkomcsefI tm;vHk;qkwfcGm&ef jzpfonf? usefchJonfhtpkonf tajctae =unhf
I tajctae 'Dxufqdk;&Gm;vmv#if wa,mufrusef ausmuf*le,fbufodk@ qkwfcGm&ef
jzpfonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ tiftm;pkonf aumif;rdk@e,f rdk;vHk;[def; txl;pnf; ±Hk;a&;a'
orS ta&S@bufudk qkwfcGmcsDwuf=uonf? a&$anmif/ &yfapmuf/ Axl;oGm; um;vrf;
onf ae@nrvyf txyfxyfjzifh ppfwyfa&m jynfol@ppfrsm;yg um&Hydwfqdk@xm;av
onf? u|efawmfwdk@onf xdk=um;rSyif cufcJyifyef;pGmjzifh pGef@pm;um xGuf=u&onf?
uHtm;avsmfpGmyif &Srf; jynfe,f vlrsdK;aygifpHktzJG@ (&vvz) e,fajr rdkif;ysif;a'oudk
atmifjrifpGm a&muf&Sd=uonf? xdkrS (&vvz) OuUÏAdkvfrSL;}uD; wmuv,f&Sd&m
rJe,fawmifwef;bufokd@ qufvufcsDwuf=uygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf (&vvz) OuUÏ AdkvfrSL;}uD;wmuv,fESifh rJe,f
awmifwef;ay:wGif awG@=u+yD; Ta'ow0dkufrSmyif &yfem;um tem;,l=uygonf?
&uftwef=um tem;,l+yD;aemuf u|efawmfwdk@onf ausmuf*l/ aemif0dk;bufokd@ jyef
vnfcsDwuf=uonf? jyefvnfcsDwuf&m vrf;wav#mufwGif tjrifr=unfvifonhf
(&vvz) tzJG@tpnf;twGif;rS tenf;pk. vkyf}uHaESmihf,Sufr_rsm;vnf; }uKHawG@&yg
onf? Todk@ jzifh u|efawmfwdk@onf ausmuf*l aemif0dk;buf a&muf&Sdum A[dkXmecJG
wyfzJG@ESifh aygif;qHkrd=uonf?

81
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
u|efawmfonf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'oudk c&D;csDwufa&;twGuf tcdkiftrm
xyfrHpDpOf&onf? &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA) tzJG@ESifh vnf;aumif;/ wef,ef;e,f&Sd
usef;csD;zl; acgif;aqmifaom vG,farmftzJG@ESifhvnf;aumif; qufoG,fpDpOf&onf?
usef;csD;zl;onf ,cifu KMT wyfrS t&m&SdwOD;[k od&+yD; vG,farmftzJG@onfvnf;
Armjynfa&muf KMT vufusefwyfzJG@yif jzpfonf?
tjcm;wzufrSmvnf; &Srf;jynfe,ftv,fydkif;c±dkifaumfrwDESifhvnf; awG@
qHkum ygwD'k-OuUÏ ocifAodef;wifxH tpD&ifcH&ef/ c±dkifaumfrwDrS udk,fpm;vS,f
wOD;xnfh&ef aqG;aEG;&onf? rdrd. A[kdXmecGJ wyfzJG@udkvnf; c&D;pOfESifh &nf&G,fcsufudk
&Sif;vif;oabmayguf&ef aqG;aEG;&onf? Toddk@jzifh aqG;aEG;p&m jyifqifp&mrsm;udk
&ufaygif; 20 eD;yg;cef@ tcsdef,lI jyifqif&onf? u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;onf aemif0dk;
eef@zvefa'orS pwifI A[dkXmecJGwyfzG@JESifhtwl xGufcGmcsDwufcJh=uonf? &Srf;jynf
wyfrawmf (SSA) e,fajrrsm;/ usef;pD;zl;acgif;aqmifaom vG,farmftzJG@. e,fajrrsm;
ESifh ucsifvGwfvyfa&; wyfrawmf (KIA) . wyfr[m 4 e,fajrrsm;udk toD;oD;jzwf
ausmf csDwufcJh&ygonf? ‚tzJG@tpnf;rsm;.tultnDESifh c&D;rdkifaygif;rsm;pGmudk &efol
rsm;=um;rS cufcJpGmjzifh csDwufcJh=u&jcif; jzpfonf? aemufqHk;wGif ta&S@ajrmuf rkef;udk;
e,fodk@ ab;roD&efrc acsmarmatmifjrifpGmESifh a&muf&Sd=uygonf?
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dkaumfrwD.'k-OuUÏocifAodef;wifESifhvnf;
aumif;/ ocifazwifhESifhvnf;aumif; vlcsif;wG@qHkI tjzpftysuf tajctaersm;udk
wifjytpD&ifcHygonf? ‚tjyif tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecJGESifh oufqdkifaom ocifwifxGef;
csefxm;cJhonfh aumif;arGqdk;arGtm;vHk;udk 'k-OuUÏESifh ocifazwifhxHodk@ tyfESHygonf?
'k-OuUÏocif Aode;f wifonf Tod@k qv kd mygonf? ‘&Jabmfcif!kd (u|eaf wmf) u tpkwf
tEkwfygrusef txkyftydk; wckvHk;udkyg xdk;tyfonf’ [lIjzpfonf? ‚rS xyfI
ajymqdkonfrSm &,fp&mrsm;tjzpf ajymjcif;omjzpfygonf? &Jabmf. ,ckuJhodk@
aqmif&Gufr_onf vHk;0rSefuefygonf? ocifazwifhuvnf; tvm;wl ajymqdkojzifh
u|efawmfonf }uKd;pm;&usdK;eyfI tm;&0rf;om auseyf&ygonf?

1971 w&mh & S p f (108) ppf a 'ozJ G @ pnf ; jcif ;

xdktcsdefumvY ocifAodef;wifonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. 'k-OuUÏESifh

ta0;a&mufA[dkudk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@.acgif;aqmifwm0efudkyg wm0ef,lxrf;aqmifae
ygonf? ocifazwifhonfvnf; ta0;a&muf A[dkudk,fpm;vS,f tzJG@. 'k-acgif;aqmif

82
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wOD;jzpfygonf? Tta0;a&muf A[dkudk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@onf atmufyg&Jabmfrsm;
yg0ifaom (108) ppf'oukd zJGpnf;wm0efay;cJhygonf?
1? &Jabmfjrrif; (108) ppfa'o. ygwDaumfrwDtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh ppfa'o
EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfonf?
2? &Jabmf&JxGef; (108) ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD 'k-twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh 'k-EdkifiH
a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;onf? (&Jabmf&JxGef;onf ygwDoufwrf;ESifh awmfvSefa&;
oufwrf;rsm;t& tawG@tñuHrsm;t& y§twGi;f a&;rSL;ESihf y§Edik if aH &;rSL; jzpfoifo h nf)
odk@aomf touft&G,ft& (108) ppfa'oonf ajymufusm;a'ojzpfI vufeufudkif
wyfzJG@ESifh t+rJrjywf v_yf&Sm;vdkufyg&rnfjzpfaoma=umifh tcuftcJ&SdEkdifonf? &Jabmf
jrrif;rS y§wm0efudk u|efawmfyJ wm0ef,lrnf[k wifjytqdkðyI &Jabmf&JxGef;onf
vufcHoabmwlcJhjcif;om jzpfonf?
3? u|efawmf (&Jabmfcif!dk) -ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDESifh ppfa'o.ppfa&;
wm0efcH wyfrSL;wm0efjzpfonf?
4? &JabmfjrifhEdkif -ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDESifh ppfa'o. 'k-ppfa&; wm0efcH
'k-wyfrSL;jzpfonf?
5? &Jabmfaomif;wif-ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDESifhppfa'o. axmufyHha&;
ESifhb¾ma&;wm0efcH jzpfonf?
6? &Jabmfoed ;f a ppfa'oygwaD umfrwDEiS hf vlxpk nf;±H;k a&; wm0efcH jzpfonf?
7? &Jabmf}udKif (&S±l;oef;armif)- ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDjzpfonf? (‚onf
w±kwfjynf ynmawmfoifrsm;xJ yg0ifcJhonf? olonf 108 ppfa' ozJG@pnf;+yD; r=umrD
wGif rdrdudk,fudk,f tqHk;pD&ifoGm;onf?)
108 ppfa'oonf ,cif ocifwifxeG ;f acgi;f aqmifvy_ &f mS ;cJah om tv,fyikd ;f
A[dkXmecJG.e,fajra'orsm; jzpfonf? 'k-OuUÏacgif; aqmifaom ta0;a&muf A[dk
udk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@onf 108 ppfa'oygwD aumfrwDudk ygwDwnfaqmufa&;ESifh
ppfa&;qdkif&m vrf;!¸efoabmxm;rsm;udk atmufygtwdkif; aqG;aEG;rSm=um;ygonf?

ygwDwnfaqmufa&;qdkif&m a,bk,s vrf;!¸efcsufrsm;

ygwDudk EdkifiHa&;t&/ tawG;tac:t&/ pnf;±Hk;a&;ESifh vkyfenf; vkyf[eft&
wnfaqmufoGm;=u&ygrnf? pnf;urf;vnf;&Sd/ vGwfvyfr_vnf;&Sd/ nD!Gwfr_vnf;&Sd+yD;
wOD;csif; pdwfcsrf;omr_vnf; &Sdaom ygwDwGif; b0rsdK;udk wnfaqmufzefwD;&rnf[lI
jzpfonf?
oHr%dpnf;urf; 4 csuf?
(1) wODd;csif;onf tzJG@tpnf;udk emcH&rnf?

83
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
(2) atmuftqifhonf txuftqifhudk emcH&rnf?
(3) tenf;pkonf trsm;pkudk emcH&rnf?
(4) wygwDvHk;onf A[kdudk emcH&rnf?
Tonfudk ygwD0ifwdkif;onf wif;usyfpGm vdkufem=u&rnf [lIvnf; vrf;
!¸efayonf? ygwDwGif; jy\emrsm;onf ygwDwGif;Yyif ajz&Sif;&rnf? ygwD0iftcsif;csif;
jzpfyGm;onfh jy\emrsm;onf jynfolwGif;jzpfyGm;onfh yËdyuQrsm;jzpfI a0zefa&;/
rdrdudk,fudk,fa0zefa&; nD!Gwfa&;enf;emrsm;jzifh vkyfudkifajz&Sif;&rnf? cGifhv$wfjcif;/
&efzufjcif; ESpfckpvHk; qef@usif&rnf? rnfonfhtqifhrsdK;yifjzpfap vdktyfI pnf;±Hk;
a&;t& tjypfay;ta&;,lrnfqdkv#if OD;pGm ygwD'k-OuUÏxH tpD&ifcHwifjy&rnf? !¸ef
=um;csuf awmif;cH&rnf? Tonfudk wif;usyfpGm vdkufem=u&rnf [lI jzpfygonf?
xdktcsdefumvonf ygwDY t,ltq wdkufyJGrsm; ±_yfaxG;jyif;xefaeonhf umvjzpfI
'k-OuUÏ ocifAodef;wifu TuJhodk@ aqG;aEG;rSm=um;jcif; jzpfygonf?

ppfa&;qdkif&m a,bk,svrf;!$efcsuf?

‘armf’ . ajymufusm;ppfw&m;rsm;twdik ;f jzpf&ayrnf? &efou l kd Edik af jc&Sv

d #if
tjrwf&rnfqdkv#if wdkuf&ygrnf? wdkufcdkuf&mwGif &efol.tiftm;xuf rdrd.
tiftm;onf av;ig;ajcmufq&Sad om tiftm;udk pkpnf;I omvGeo f nfh ppftift f m;jzifh
wdkuf&ygrnff? tjrefwdkuf tjrefqkwfcGmonfh wdkufenf;jzpf&ygrnf? rdrdwyfonf
&efo. l ppfa&;t& +cdr;f ajcmufr_ tEW&m,fusa&mufv#if xdak e&mrS tjrefqw k cf mG oGm;&
ygrnf? TumvwGif ygwDwGif;/ wyfwGif;Y ppfa&;t& t,ltqqdkif&m tawG;tac:
wdkufyGJvnf; &Sdaeygonf? &efolxdk;ppfudk igwdk@xdk;ppfjzifh ±dkufcsKd;=u/ &efol. xdk;ppfcGif
twGif;rS qkwfcGmv#if rnfonfh tajctaeyifjzpfap ppfajy;jzpfrnf[k qdkxm;onf?
TtcsdefumvwGif Armjynff uGefjrLepfygwDwGif;Y tawG;tac:t&vnf;aumif;/
pnf;±Hk;a&;ESifhvkyf[efrsm;t&vnf;aumif; ±_yfaxG;onfh ygwDwGif;wdkufyGJ wnf&Sdae
ygonf?
ta0;a&muf A[dkudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@onf u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppffa'o ygwD
aumfrwDukd acgi;f &Si;f &Si;f jzifh tvkyv
f yk Ef ikd af &;twGuf ,ckuo
hJ @kd vrf;!ïecf suaf y;jcif;yif
jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppfa'o ygwDaumfrwD0iftm;vHk;onf TtwGuf 0rf;
omtm;& jzpf=u&onf? u|efawmfwdk@ ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD. t"duacgif;aqmifpk
onf aqG;aEG; yJGrsm;+yD;ajrmufI wm0efusa'oudk jyefvnfcsDwuf=u&ef 1971 ckESpf/
atmufwkdbmvwGif jyifqif=uygonff?
u|ef a wmf w d k @ ud k tjyef c &D ; acsmarm&ef t wG u f ta&S @ ajrmuf p pf a 'o

84
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf &efou l q kd JG aqmifonfh oabmESihf wdu k yf JG }uD;wyGJ wdu k cf u
kd af y;=u
ygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf rdrd. ppfa'owyfzGJ@ tiftm; 60 cef@ESifhtwl wdkufyGJ
aoewfoH tajrmuffoHawG =um;ae&onfh vrf;a=umif;teD;rSyif vG,farmfwyfzGJ@
&Sdaom usef;csD;zl; XmecsKyf&Sd&m wef@,ef;e,fbufudk csDwufcJh=uygonff? vG,farmfwyf
(Montai- MTA) rS w±kwfvlrsKd; (yef;ao;w±kwf) rpPwmvD qkdolonf ta&S@ajrmuf
ppfa'ookd@ a&muf&SdvmcJhao;onf? ‚onff tjyeftvSef ukefoG,fa&; ðyvkyf&ef
twGuf ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'ookd@ vma&mufcJhjcif;jzpfonf? ‚tjyef twlwuG
jyef=u&ef u|efawmfwdk@tpkudk ta&S@ ajrmuf ppfa'orS pDpOfay;=uygonf? u|efawmf
wdk@vnf; rpPwmvDESifhtwl oHvGifjrpfudkul;I wef@,ef;bufokd@ qufvufcsDwufcJhyg
onf? rpPwmvDudk vma&mufóuqdkaom trfwDatwyfzGJ@wGif Adkvf}uD;qdkol vm;±_d;òr@
om; &Srf ;w±kwfujym; c&pf,mefomoemðyausmif;xGufqdkolvnf; yg&Sdygonf?
xdkyk*~dKvfESifh u|efawmhfudk rpPwmvDu rdwfqufay;ygonf? xdkyk*~dKvfonf Adkvf}uD;
ausmf0if;qdkol jzpfonf? Armpum;ESifh Armpmudk a&vnfpGm ajymwwfa&;wwfrnf[k
,lq&onf? ‚onf twlwuG csDwufc&D;oGm;aepOfrSmyif u|efawmhfteD; uyfvm
um ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDESifh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'otay:udk rauseyfcsufrsm;
ajymqdkvmygonf? txl;ojzifh ‚wdk@tzJG@ESihf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'owdk@ wdkuf±dkufukef
oG,fa&;twGuf oabmwlnDr_ r&&SdI jzpfygonf? u|efawmf onf a&S@quf&rnfh
c&D;vrf;twGuf tqifajyapa&;udk a&S;±_I onf;cHpdwfjzifh azsmif;zsonfhavoHESifh
wkH@jyefajymqdk&ygonf? TudpPudk cifAsm;wdk@taeESifh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'oESifh xyfrH
aqG;aEG;v#if tqifajyEdkifygonf [laom pum;yifjzpfonf? ausmf0if;onf OD;jrrif;ESifh
OD;&JxeG ;f wd@k EpS Of ;D udk Tpum;rsKd ;rajymbJ u|eaf wmfu h o
kd m ajymqdjk cif;twGuf em; rvnf
Edkifatmif jzpfcJh&ygonf? u|efawmfonf OD;&JxGef;/ OD;jrrif;wdk@xuf touftm;jzifh
i,f&G,f+yD; wyfrSL;vnf;jzpfaeonfudk od&SdI jzpfrnf[k awG;rdygonf? xdktajctae
tm; OD;&JxGef;/ OD;jrrif;wdk@ESpfOD;ESifh wyf&Sd ygwD0ifau'grsm;udk today;&ygonf? wyfudk
vnf; tppt&m&m owd&Sd&ef wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf ajymxm;&ygonf?
u|ef a wmf o nf OD ; &J x G e f ; / OD ; jrrif ; wd k @ ES i f h wd k i f y if I 'k - OuU Ï ocif
Aode;f wifxu H kd a=u;eef;jzifh wifjytpD&ifcyH gonf? 'k-OuUÏxHrS csujf cif;yif a=u;eef;jzifh
jyef = um;onf r S m &J a bmf w d k @ tajctaeray;v#if jyef v nf qk w f c G m vmcJ h & ef
[lIjzpfonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf vG,farmftzJG@ XmecsKyfwGif wnwmtdyfpuf &yfem;=u
onf? xdknY rpPwmvDESifh ausmf0if;wdk@onf u|efawmfwdk@udk npmxrif;pm;yJGjzihf
{nfhcHygonf? w±kwfvlrsdK;rsm;jzpfI xHk;pHtwdkif;yif t&ufav; ig;rsdK; yg0ifaeonf?
xrif;rpm;rD t&ufcGufrsm;udk tjyeftvSef cGufcsif;xd=u+yD; qkawmif;pum;rsm;

85
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ajymqdk=uygonf? u|efawmfonf rdrdtvSnfha&mufonfhtcgY t&ufcGufcsif; wdkufI
xdum cifAsm;wdk@usef;rmygapvdk@ u|efawmfqkawmif;ygonf[laom pum;udk ausmf0if;
tm;=unfh+yD; t*Fvdyfvdk ajymvdkufygonf? wwfIr[kwfyg? rcHcsifpdwfjzifh ajymjcif;om
jzpfygonf? xdktcg OD;jrrif;onf u|efawmfhudk vSrf;=unfh+yD; ðyH;aeygonf? xrif;rsm;
pm;+yD;I ausmf0if;onf u|efawmfhqDudkvm+yD; oD;ar$;iSufaysmoD;yef;uefudk ,lvmum
pm;yg[lI ajymvmygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf aemufwae@wGif vG,farmfXmecsKyfrS xGufcJh=uygonf?
wae@EiS w hf n rem;wrf;cswD ufc&hJ m nc&D;Y yavmifvrl sKd ; &JabmfwOD;onf vrf;ay:wGif
acwWtem;,lpOf tdyfaysmfI usef&pfcJhygonf? ‚tm; vdkufvH&SmazGaomfvnf;
wef@,ef;e,fxJrSmyif zrf;qD;cH& um towfyifcHoGm;&onf[k od&ygonf? ‚wGif
*sDoHk; aoewfwvuf ‚usnf 200 ESifh w±kwfjynfvkyf vufudkifvufypfAHk; 5 vHk;
yg&Sdygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA) e,fajrokd@ acsmarmpGm a&muf
&Sd=uygonf? xdkrS eef@rvef/ aemif0dk;a'orsm;udk atmifjrifpGmjzifh jyefvnfa&muf
&Sd=uygonf? oHk;av;&ufr# tem;,l=uum ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD pHknDtpnf;ta0;udk
ac:,lusif;ycJhygonf?
108 ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL; &Jabmfjrrif;onf 108 ppfa'o
zJG@pnf;jcif;.ta=umif;&if;ESifh tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk wifjyavonf? ta0;a&muf
A[dkaumfrwD udk,fpm;vS,ftzJG@. csrSwfay;vdkufaom vkyfief; wm0efrsm;ukdvnf;
wifjyum 0dkif;0ef;aqG;aEG; nd‡E_dif;=u&ef jzpfonf?

qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;
1? aus;&Gmrsm;wGif jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&; tzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk pepfwus zJG@pnf;
wnfaxmifoGm;&ef?
2? awmifolv,form; or*~rsm;ESifh trsdK;orD;/ vli,ftzJG@ tpnf;rsm;
udkvnf; pnf;±Hk;azmfxkwf zJG@pnf;oGm;&ef?
3? TtwGuf vdktyfrnfh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udkvnf; a&;qGJI vlxkenf;
ESifh aqG;aEG;twnfðy&ef?
4? aus;&Gmwdkif;wGif touf 18 ESpfrS 45 ESpf=um;&Sd usef;rmoefpGrf;ol
a,musfm;rsm;ukd aus;&GmumuG,fa&;twGuf jynfol@ppfrsm;tjzpf pnf;±Hk;zJG@pnf;oGm;
&ef? zJG@pnf;&mY touft&G,fESifh usef;rma&; t& cJGjcm;I umuG,fa&;ESifh o,f,lydk@
aqmifa&; jynfol@ppf 2 rsdK; 2-pm; zJG@pnf;oGm;&efwkd@ jzpfygonf?

86
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ppfa&;ESifh wyfwnfaqmufa&;
u? awmfvSefa&; wyfrawmfwGif;udk 0ifa&mufvdkol usm;§r rsm;onf t
ouf 18 ESpf jynfholrsm;jzpf=u&rnf? ‚tjyif udk,fydkifEdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_ESifh pdwfqEN
rsm;t& yg0ifcGifh&Sdonf?
c? wyfom;opfrsm;tjzpf pnf;±Hk;odrf;oGif;&mY tajccH usef;rma&; aumif;
rGef&rnf? txl;ojzifh ul;pufwwfonfha&m*grsm;ESifh tem}uD;a&m*g/ tqkwf a&m*g
rsm; uif;&Sif;=uolrsm; jzpf=u&ygrnf?
*? wyfom;rsm; pnf;±Hk;odrf;oGif;&mY +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ tusyfukdifjcif;/ tcGifh
ta&;jyjr‡LqG,fjcif;rsm;udk vHk;0a&Smif&Sm;=u&rnff?

ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDwGif; wm0efcGJa0r_?
- &Jabmfjrrif;onf ygwDwnfaqmufa&;ESifh ynmay;a&; jzpfonff?
- &Jabmff&JxGef; (OD;&JxGef;) vlxkpnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;ESifh wyfaygif;pkvkyfief;
jzpfonff?
- &Jabmfcif!dk ppfa&;ESifh wyfwnfaqmufa&; jzpfonff?
- &Jabmfaomif;wifonf b¾m/ axmufyHhXmetjyif/ vlxk pnf;±Hk;a&;
Xme. 'k-wm0efcHtjyif/ OD;&JxGef;ESifh wGJzufwm 0ef,l&ef?
- &Jabmfjf rihEf ikd o
f nf 'k-wyfrLS ;tjzpf wm0ef,&l efEiS hf &Jabmff ode;f azonf
vlxkpnf;±Hk;a&;wGif wm0ef,l&effwdk@ jzpfonff?

e,ffajra'orsm;. a,bk,stajctaeESifh taetxm;rsm;?

1? ausmuf*la'oonf 108 ppfa'otjzpf zGJ@pnf;pOfwGif aus;&Gmaygif;

27 &Gmr#&Sd+yD; tdrfajcaygif; 1500 ausmfr# &Sdrnff? aexdkif =uonfh vlrsKd;rsm;onf "Ek
trsKdf;om;rsm;ESifh &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm; jzpf=uonff? ausmuf*l&Gmonf tdrfajc 200 ausmfr#&SdI
ig;&ufwywfaps;vnf; &Sdonf? xdkaps;udk &yfapmufòr@rS aps;onftcsKd@ pkaygif;I armf
awmfum;}uD;wpD; iSm;&rf;um ausmuf*al ps;udkd vma&mufa&mif;cs=uonf?f / ausmuf*rl S
tifawm/ &yfapmufoGm; um;vrf;onf ajrvrf;jzpf+yD; tifawmESifh &yfapmuft=um;
wGif ausmufcif;vrf;[k qkdygonf? tpkd;&ppfwyfrsm;onf ausmuf*l&GmwGif wyfcGJpcef;
tjzpf tajcwnfxm;onf? ausmuf*El iS hf tifawmt=um; aZmf*sjD rpftm; jzwfu;l onfh
oHwHwm; wck&Sdonf? ‚wHwm;tm; ppfwyfrS tapmifhtjzpf wyfpkwpk csxm;ygonff?
2? aemifvHke,fonf TumvY &Gmaygif; 15 &Gmcef@ESifh tdrfajc aygif; 800
cef@r# &Syd grnf? aexdik =f uom vlrsK;d rsm;onf "EkEiS hf &Sr;f vlrsK;d rsm; jzpfonf? tpd;k &ppfwyf

87
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wyfpGJxm;jcif; r&Sdyg? uGefjrLepfygwD. tkyfcsKyfa&;a'o wckomv#ifjzpfonff?
3? aemif0dk;a'oonf &Gmaygif; 23 &Gmr#&Sd+yD; tdrfajcaygif; 1000 ausmfr#
&Sdygonff? aexdkif=uaom vlrsKd;rsm;onf trsm;pkrSm &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;om jzpfonff?
tpdk;&ppfwyfonf Te,fajrtm; wyfcs wyfpGJxm;jcif; r&Sdyg? tvm;wl rdkif;,Gif;/
rdkif;vef; e,fajrrsm;vnf; tpkd;&ppfwyfrsm; csxm;jcif;r&Sdyg? aexdkif=uaom vlrsKd;rsm;
rSmvnf; &Srf;vlrsKd;rsm;yiff jzpfonff?
4? tifawm&Gmonf &Gm}uD;w&Gmjzpf+yD; ppfwyfrS wyfcpJG cef;tjzpf tcdik t f rm
ae&m,lxm;onf? xdk&Gm}uD;wGif awmif}uD;c±dkif. opfawm OD;pD;XmerS ±Hk;Xmersm;
vnf;&Sdonf? ‚tjyif opfpufrsm;/ pyg;}udwfpufrsm;vnf; &Sd=uonff? tpddk;&
ppfwyfrsm;onf Axl;&yfapmufòr@rsm;rS tifawm/ ausmuf*l um;vrf;tm; r=umr=um
ppfum;rsm; oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;=uygonf? ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;&SdonfhtcgY ydkIyif
ppfum;rsm; toGm;tvm rsm;ygonf? Tonf e,fajra'orsm;. a,bk,stajc
tae jzpfonf?
108 ppffa'owyfzGJ@onf ausmuf*l/ tifawmum;vrf;wGif owif;pHkprf;
axmufvSrf;jcif;ESifh vlxkrsm;tm; pnf;±Hk;jcif;tvkyfrsm;udk v_yf&Sm;ðyvkyfcJhygonf?
xdktcsdefY owif;wckudk rar#mfvifhbJ &&SdcJhygonf? ‚owif;rSm ausmuf*lrS tifawm/
&yfapmufbufukd ppfavmf&u D m; 3 pD;jzifh ppfom; 30 cef@ oGm;rnfqakd om owif;yifjzpf
onff? Towif; rSefrrSefESifh rnfonfhae@&uf/ rnfonfhtcsdef oGm;rnfudk od&Sd&efvdk
ygonff? ,if;a=umifh xdkum;vrf;ab;&Sd &Gmrsm;rS &Gmom;wcsKd@udk ausmuf*laps;odk@
aps;0,ftjzpfESifh v$wfIpHkprf;&ygonff? a,bk,sowif;ESifh ppfwdkufI rjzpfyg? (No
Imformation No Operation) [k =um;zl;onf? vlv$wf pkHprf;csuft& trSefoGm;rnf
[k xyfrHod&Sd&I u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppfa'o wyfzGJ@onf xdkum;vrf;udk oGm;a&muf
apmifh=u&onff?
u|efawmfwdk@. wyfzGJ@wGif vufeufwyfqifxm;r_onf &efolxuf rom
awmif nHhawmhrnHhyg? pdwf"mwfa&;&mY &efolxuf omvGefaeygonff? &efol.
ppfavmf&Dum; 3 pD;udk aumif;pGm wdkufzsufEdkifaom w±kwfjynfvkyf wifhum;zsuf
vufeuf bZlum yg&Sdaeygonf? Tvufeufudk t&yfom;rsm;u iSufaysmmzl;aoewf
[k ac:=uonff?
tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;onf? armfawmfum;rsm;jzifh oGm;vmcsDwufv#if a,bk,s
tm;jzifh um;wpD;ESifhwpD;. tuGmta0;onf udkuftm; jzifh (50) uGma0;avh&Sdonf?
xdk@a=umifh rdrd. wyfudk udkuf 150 rS 200 t=um;wGif ae&m,l jzef@=uufcsxm;&onf?
xd k w d k u f y G J w G i f 108 ppf a 'oacgif ; aqmif r sm;jzpf o nf h &J a bmf &J x G e f ; /
&Jabmfjrrif;wdk@ uddk,fwdkif ‚wdk@. qENt& yg0if=uonff? yJcl±dk;r A[dkrS 108 ppfa'oudk

88
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wm0efjzifh acwWa&muf&Sdaeonfh A[ddkaumfrwD &JabmfrsKd;jrifhonfvnf; ‚. qENt&
yg0ifcJhonf? ‚wdkufyGJonf 1972 ckESpf 0ef;usifY jzpfygonf? &efolonf ausmuf*lrS
ppfavmf&Dum; 3 pD;jzifh &yfapmuf-Axl;òr@buf tjyefjzpf+yD; awmifxdyf&GmESifh 4 rdkifcef@
tuGmwGif jzpfonf? ypfrSwf&efolrSm ppfa=umif;rSL;Adkvf}uD; atmifausmfjrifhESifh ‚.
ppfa=umif;&Sd tiftm; 30 jzpfonff? wdkufyGJwGif ppfa=umif;rSL;ESifh ‚. oufawmf
apmifhaygif; 2 OD;om xGufajy;vGwfajrmufoGm;onf? useftm;vHk;udk vHk;0acsr_ef;EdkifcJh
onff?
odrf;qnf;&&Sdaom vufeufypPnf;rsm;onf ypPwdkaoewf 2/ ESpfvufr
pdefajymif; 1/ *sD 3 *sD 4 tygt0if pkpkaygif; vufeufrsKd;pHk 29 vufESifh a=u;eef;puf
taumif; 1/ jyif&ef,lvmonfh wyfcGJtqifhoHk; a=u;eef;puf 2/ "mwftm;oGif;puf 2/
ppfoHk;ajryHk tcsyfa& 24/ usnfrsKd;pHk 6000 cef@ jzpfonf? tar&duefvk yf ‘61’
ywfum;azmifwdef 1/ rD;cHaowWm 1/ ppfa=umif;rSL;. ae@pOfrSwfwrf;pmtkyf/ "mwfyHkrsm;/
&mxl;wHqdyfrsm; (Adkvf/ Adkvf}uD; tqifhoHk; a&S@wef;/ aemufwef; toHk;ðyonfh &mxl;
wHqdyfrsm;) yif jzpfonff?
ppfa=umif;rSL;atmifausmfjrifhonf usKdif;wkHc±dkif vHk+cHKa&;ESifhtkyfcsKyfr_ aumf
rwD (vtu) OuUÏ vkycf o hJ jl zpfonf? r=umao;rDtcsed u f rS ppfa=umif;rSL; jzpfvmcJo h l
wOD;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh ‚onf ypPwdkaoewf 1 vufudk udk,fydkifaiGjzifh 0,f,ludkif
aqmifxm;jcif;jzpfonffhta=umif; ‚. ae@pOfrSwfwrf; (Diary) pmtkyfwGif awG@&Sd&
onf? ppfavmf&Dum;}uD; 3 pD;udk "mwfqDavmiff; rD;±_d@zsufqD;vdkufonf? &efol. ±kyft
avmif; (26) xJwGif Adkvftqifh (Lieut) wOD;ESifh wyff=uyf}uD; 1 OD;/ wyf=uyf 2 OD;wdk@
yg&Sdygonff ?
TwdkufyGJwGif rdrdwdk@bufrS &Jabmfrif;[ef touf 24ESpf (a*:& cg;vlrsKd;)
wOD;usqHk;+yD; useftm;vHk; xdcdkufusqHk;r_ r&Sdyg? ‚wdkufyGJonf 108 ppfa'otjzpfESifh
yGJOD;xGuf wdkuf&onfh wdkufyGJjzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh EdkifiHa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ ppfa&;ESifh
wyfwnfaqmufa&;t&vnf;aumif;/ bufpHkaxmifhpHkrS tusKd;&Sdapygonf? ‚wdkufyGJ
udk Armjynf uGefjrL epfygwDrS 'k-OuUÏuvnf;aumif;/ yJcl;±dk;rygwDA[dkuvnf;aumif;
csD;usL; *k%fðya=u;eef;rsm; toD;oD;ydk@vm=uygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ 108 ppfa'otwGuf ppfa&;t& ,ckuJhodk@ atmifyGJ&vkduf
jcif;onf tpaumif;onf[k qdk&ygrnf? odk@aomf aemuf ydkif;umvrsm;wGif TuJhodk@
aomtcGifhta&;rsKd; &&Sd&efrSm cufcJEdkifonf? &efol/ rdrdtiftm; tcsKd;tpm;ESifh tae
txm;rsm; vGefpGmjcm;em;aeI jzpffonff?
108 ppfa'o. 0ef;usif a&S@aemuf0J,m ab;ywfvnfwGif &efolwyffrsm;
onf txyf x yf t vD v D ae&m,l csxm;ygonf ? 108 onf f ql ; =um;wG i f

89
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
oD;yGifhae&onfh Al;oD;yrm jzpfae&onf? ,if;a=umifh &efolrsm;onff ‚wdk@tm;
tEW&m,fay;rnfholudk ryGifhroD;rDrSmyif csKyf+idrf;&ef tpGrf;ukef vkyfaqmif=uygvdrfhrnf?

1972 ck E S p f

TESpftwGif; (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf? rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef; a'orsm;wGif

vlxkpnf;±kH;a&;tvkyfrsm; vkyfaqmifae=uayonf? xdktcsdefrSmyif rqv ppftpdk;&.
ppfa=umif;rsm;ESifh rar#mfvifhyJ awG@qHkwdkufyGJrsm; jzpfyGm;cJh&onf?
wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;onfh ae&monf rdkif;,Gif;e,fESifh rdkif;vef;a'o ESpfcktpyf&Sd
rdik ;f ,Gi;f acsmif;ab; usKid ;f crf;av;&Gm. teD;w0du
k yf if jzpfonf? wdu
k yf jJG zpfonfh &efopl pf
a=umif;onf ±dk;±dk;ajcvsifwyf. ppfa=umif;r[kwfyg? &efukeftajcpdkuf avxD;wyf&if;
(16) rS ppf a =umif ; wck jzpf y gonf ? xd k p pf a =umif ; onf tjcm;aomppf a =umif ;
wa=umif;ESifh awG@qHk&ef csdef;qdkxm;onf[k od&ygonf? ‚wdk@csif; rawG@qHkrDyif wdkuf
yGJjzpfyGm;&jcif; jzpfonf?
avxD; (16) . ppfa=umif;rSL;onf Adkvf}uD;odef;vGifqdkoljzpf+yD; TawG@
qHkwdkufyGJYyif aoqHk;oGm;onf? ‚ESifhtwl wyf=uyf}uD; (1) OD;ESifh wyfom; (3)
OD;ygaoqHk;=uonf? tcsKd@vnf; '%f&m&&Sdonf[k od&Sd &onf? u|efawmfwdk@bufrS
(4) OD ; usqH k ; +yD ; (1) OD ; tenf ; i,f '%f & m&&S d o nf ? usqH k ; onf h (4) OD ; onf
u&if t rsKd ; om; tpnf ; t±H k ; (KNU) tzG J @ rS jzpf o nf ? xd k t csd e f Y u&if t rsKd ;
om;tpnf;t±Hk;rS tzGJ@wzGJ@onf wyfaygif;pkvkyfief;jzifh ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o (Arm
jynfueG jf rLepfygw. D ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o -NEC) ok@d omG ;&ef a&muf&adS ejcif; jzpfonf?
‚tzGJ@onf vltiftm; av;q,fausmf ig;q,fcef@ &Sdygrnf? tzGJ@. acgif;aqmifonf
(KNU) rS A[dktvkyftr_aqmif wOD;jzpfaom q&m paumv,fawm jzpfonf? 'k-
tzGJ@acgif;aqmifrSm ‚tzGJ@tpnf;rS A[dkaumfrwDwOD;jzpfaom apmrD;owf yifjzpf
onf? tzGJ@0ifrsm;rSm wuUodkvfausmif;om;rsm; [kod&Sd&ygonf? xdkwyfzGJ@onf ta&S@
ajrmufppfa'o oGm;&mwGif vrf;}uKHI (108) ppfa'oudk acwWc%r# 0ifa&muf&yf
em;jcif;om jzpfonf? Todk@ESifh tcGifñuHcdkufwGif &efoltm; yg0ifwdkufcdkuf vdkonf[k
qdkI ‚wdk@qENrsm;t& wkdufckdufa&;wyfESifh vkdufygcJh&if;jzifh pDpOfwkdufckdufaom
wkdufyGJr[kwfbJ a&Smifwcif &ifqkdif}uKHawG@&aom wkdufyGJwGif yg0ifwkdufckdufcJh&jcif;
jzpfayonf?
xdkwdkufyGJonf rvGJra&SmifomI wdkufcJh&aom awG@qHkwdkuf yGJwyGJom jzpf.?
wdkufyGJonf tcsdeftm;jzifh wem&DeD;yg;r# =umrnf xifygonf? rdrd. tpDtpOfjzifh
pepfwuswdkufcdkuf&aom wdkufyGJr[kwfyg? xdkavxD; (16) wyf&if; ppfa=umif;ESifh

90
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wdkufcdkufae&onfhtcsdefY &efol. tjcm; ppfa=umif;wa=umif;onf wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;
onfhae&mESifh rvSrf;rurf;rSmyif a&muf&Sdaeonf? odk@aomf Tppfa=umif;onf wdkufyGJ
wGif yg0ifjcif;r&SdI u|efawmfwdk@twGuf oufom&m&onf[k qdk&ygrnf?
wdkufyGJY usqHk;onfh r[mrdwf autifef,ltzGJ@rS &Jabmfrsm;udk u|efawmfwdk@
(108) wyfzGJ@taeESifh &efolrsm; &SmrawG@Edkifonfh awmwGif;wae&mY ajrjr‡KyfI pepf
wus tav;ðyum o+*õK[fay;cJygonf? +yD;v#if u|efawmfwdk@ tm;vHk;onf tEW&m,f
uif;onfh ae&mokd@ qkwfcGm EdkifcJh=uonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf aemufxyf wkdufyGJwyGJ wdkuf&ef
jyifqif=uygonf? ausmuf*l/ tifawmoGm; um;vrf;&Sd aZmf*sDjrpful;wHwm; tapmifh
wyfudk wdkufcdkuf&efjzpfonf? TwHwm;apmifhwyfpktm; wdkufrnfh wdkufcdkufa&; enf;
emonf ta,mifaqmif yHkrSm;±dkufonfh enf;jzpfonf? u|efawmfwdk@wGif tpdk;&ppf
wyf. ppf0wfpHkrsm;/ wHqdyfrsm;ESifh Adkvft=uyfrsm;. &mxl;wHqdyfrsm;vnf; tqif
oifh&Sdaeonf? ‚wHqdyfrsm; wyfqifI wHwm;qDokd@ u|efawmfwdk@ csDwufcJhonf?
aZmf*sDjrpful;wHwm; ra&mufrD um;vrf;ab; okefwef; &GmteD;Y cv& (12) rS wyfcGJ
ppfa=umif;ESifhwdk;um wdkufyGJjzpfchJonf? rdk;rvif;wvif;tcsdefjzpfI ESif;rsm;vnf;
tH k @ qd k i f ; aeonf ? wyf w wyf E S i f h wwyf t aetxm;onf csD w uf a e=upOf y if
vufcsif;,Suf ycHk;csif;zuf&onftxd yl;uyfae=uonf? TtcgwGif a&S@uif;toD;
oD;wdk@onf ae&m,lum tjyeftvSef ar;cGef;rsm;ar;=uonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ (108) wyfzGJ@onf wzuf. ar;jref;csufrsm;udk ajzEdkifcJhaomf
vnf; aemufqHk;ar;cGef;jzpfonfh wyfcGJ. uvyfpnf;eHywfudk rajzEdkifbJ aoewfjzifh
ypfcwfI tajzay;cJh&ygonf? Todk@jzifh a&Smifwcif rar#mfvihfbJ wdkufyGJjzpfcJh&jcif;
jzpfonf? xdka=umifh aZmf*sDwHwm; wdkufa&; tpDtpOfonfvnf; ysufcJh&onf?
xdkyufyif;wdk; awG@qHkwdkufyGJwGif &efolxHrS ppfausmydk;tdyf (6) vHk;ESifh ppfoHk;
xrif;csKid hf (6) vH;k odr;f qnf;&rdum ESpzf ufpvH;k wòyifwnf; qkwcf mG =uonf? Twdu k yf JG
wGif autifef,lrS &JabmfwcsKd@vnf; yg0ifonf?
u|efawmfwdk@onf aZmf*sDjrpfwHwm;apmifhwyfudk rwdkufrD jyifqif a&;umv
wGif cv& (12) rS wyfcGJwcGJonf tifawmrS ausmuf*ludk vm&ef tpDtpOf&Sda=umif;
=um;jzwf (Intercept) a=u;eef;owif;t& odcJh&onf? odk@aomf tcsdeftwdtus rod
&SdcJh&yg? TESpfrSmvnf; rqv tpdk;&. ppfa&;xdk;ppfonf &Sd+rJ&Sdaeonf? Txdk;ppfudk
(108) ppfa'o taeESifh rdrdwyfzGJ@tm; tzGJ@i,fuav;rsm; tjzpfzGJ@pnf;um ajymuf
usm;wdkufyGJuav;rsm; azmfxkwfI aqmif&GufcJh&onf? wenf;tm;jzifh &efoludk aESmifh
,Sufjcif;/ zsufqD;[ef@wm;jcif;/ acsmif;ajrmif;ypfcwfjcif; paom pmuav;ppfqifa&;
enf;jzifh &efol.xdk;ppfudk ckcHumuG,fcJh&onf? T&efolxdk;ppfwGif &efolwyfrsm;rS

91
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
(9) OD;r# aoqHk;+yD; (12) OD;cef@ '%f&m&Sdonf? rdrdwdk@bufwGif wyfom; (1) OD; '%f&m
tenf;i,f &&SdonfrSty xdcdkufr_r&Sdyg? Tonf 1972 ckESpf. (108) ppfa'o
jzwfoef;csDwufcJh&aom yHk=urf;yef;csDum;wcsyf[k qdk&ygrnf?

(3)
1973

TESpfxJrSmvnf; tpdk;&onf u|efawmfwkd@. (108) ppfa' oe,fajrudk

atmufygwyfrsm;oHk;I ppfa&; xdk;ppfwck ðyvkyfvmjyefonf? xdkxdk;ppfY yg0iftoHk;ðy
onfh ‚. wyfrsm;onf? csif; (3)/ ucsif (4)/ &Srf;(1) wyf&if;rsm; ESifh cv& (94)
(99) wyf&if;rsm;tjyif Axl;ppfausmif;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&onfhwyfrS
xl;atmifppfa=umif;vnf; yg0ifonf? Tppfqifa&;onf ausmuf*l/ aemifvHkESifh aemif
0dk;/ rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef;a'orsm;udk tav;xm; OD;wnfayonf? xdka'orsm;wGif
aexdkif=uaom &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif/ ytdk@0f vlrsKd;rsm;udk zrf;qD; owfjzwf ESdyfpuf=uonf?
aus;&Gmvl}uD; tawmfrsm;rsm;udkvnf; zrf;qD;ac:aqmifum txufArmjynf&dS
toD;oD;aom axmifrsm;okd@ ydk@aqmifcsKyfaESmifxm;=uygonf?
&Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif/ ytdk@0f paom a'ocHvlrsKd;rsm;. orD;ysKdrsm;udkvnf;
a=u;pm;wyfrsm;onf apmfum;rk'drf;usifh=uonf? a=u;pm; wyfrsm;onf Ta'orsm;&Sd
aus;&Gm;rsm;wGif ntdyfpcef;cs &yfem;=uv#if xdk&Gmrsm;&Sd =uuf/ bJ/ 0ufrsm;ESifh tdrfarG;
wd&p>mefrsm;jzpfaom acG;/ a=umifrsm;udkyifra&Smif cdk;0Sufvk,ufum pm;aomuf wwf
=uonf?
&Srf;/ "EkvlrsKd;rsm; aexdkif&m aus;&Gmrsm;wGif tdrf&Sd orD;ysKdav;rsm;onf
reufrdk;rvif;rD tdyf,mrSxum tdrf&Sdvltm;vHk;twGuf xrif;[if;rsm; csufðywf=u
onfh tavh&Sd=uonf? Tonfudk tcGifhaumif;,lI a=u;pm;wyfom;rsm;onf tdrf
atmufrSaeI taygufE_duf=uonf?
aemif0;kd e,f&dS nJph ifaus;&GmwGif &Sr;f (1) wyf&if;rS ppfa=umif; wa=umif;onf
xdk&Gmudk ntdyfpcef;cs &yfem;avonf? xdktcgwGif Tppfa=umif;rS 'k-wyf=uyftqifh&Sd
aom a=u;pm;wOD;onf reufapmapmxI xrif;[if;csufaeonfh &Srf;rdef;rysKdav;
wOD;udk rD;zdk acsmifatmufrS xrDpudkqGJonf? xdkrdef;uav;onf rodusKd;u|efðyum
xrif;tdk;rS yGufyGufqlaeaom a&aEG;jzifh ‚ppfom;. OD;acgif;ay:udk avmif;csvdkuf
ygonf? xdka=u;pm; 'kwyf=uyfonf ol. tdyf,m&Sd&mokd@ tajy;tv$m; ajy;oGm;um
tdyf,may:Y vl;vSdrfhatmf[pf+yD; nnf;nLaeygonf? a&aEG;yljzifh tavmif;cH&aom
xdka=u;pm;udk xrf;pifjzifh aemuf ydkif;okd@ ydk@vdkuf&onf? ‚onf aoqHk;oGm;onf[k

92
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
aemufydkif;wGif =um;od&ygonf? ppfa=umif;rSL;onf Tjzpf&yftm; &dyfpm;rdaomfvnf;
anmifjrpfwl;ouJhodk@ jzpfrnfpdk;I vspfvsL±_ae[efwlygonf?
xdk;ppf+yD;I ppfwyfrsm;qkwfcGmoGm;+yD;aemufwGif Trdef;uav;udk Armjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD. a'owm0efcHrS xdkvkyf&yftay:wGif csD;usL;*k%fðyr_rsm; ðyvkyfay;yg
onf? TtjzpftysufrsKd;onf (108) ppfa'o tESH@tjym;wGif jzpfay:cJhygonf? T
onf a'ocHjynfolrsm;. a=u;pm;wyfrsm;tay: em=unf;ojzifh wkH@jyefaom vkyf&yf
rsm;teufrS wckom jzpfygonf?
ppftiftm;tqaygif;rsm;pGm }uD;rm;omvGefonfh &efolxdk;ppfudk &ifqdkif
=u&onfrSm rnfr#cufcJonfudk }uKHzl;olwdkif; em;vnf=uygvdrfhrnf? u|efawmfwdk@
onf rdrd. vufeufudkifwyfudk tpktzGJ@uav;rsm;tjzpf pnf;±Hk;zGJ@pnf;um pmuav;
ppfudk qifEGJ=u&onf? rdrdwyf. wyfom; trsm;pkonf a'ocHrsm;jzpfI e,fajru|rf;
usifr_wGif wyef;omvGefaeygonf? xdk@tjyif a'ocHjynfolrsm;. yHhydk;axmufcHr_a=umifh
T pmuav; ppf-ppfqifa&;udk us,fjyef@pGmðyvkyfEdkifcJhonf? ,if;a=umifh T&efol
xdk;ppftwGif; &efolpkpkaygif; aoa=u'%f&m& (20) ausmfr# &Sdrnf[k wGufq&ygonf?
xdk;ppft+yD;wGif (108) ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf &Srf;jynfe,f vlrsKd;aygif;pHk
vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ (&vvz) e,fajrwGif ‚wdk@. wyfrsm;ESifhtwl yl;wGJv_yf&Sm;cJ
honf? xkdumvYyif wyfzGJ@ (2) zGJ@onf yl;aygif;um awmif}uD; usKdif;wkHoGm;um;vrf;.
wae&mY vrf;jzwfwdkufyGJwyGJ ðyvkyfcJhonf? txl;ojzifh awmif}uD;òr@rS usKdif;wkHòr@
okd@ oGm;onfh a=u;pm;wyfrsm;. o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;um;wef; (Convoy)ukd wdu k cf u
kd f
jcif; jzpfonf? TwdkufyGJonf rdrdwdk@ ar#mfrSef;xm;onfxuf &efol. tiftm; ydkrdk
rsm;jym;aeI rodr;f ydu k Ef ikd b
f J qkwcf mG cJ=h u&onf? (108) ppfa'owyf zG@J rS pdwrf LS ;wOD;ESihf
wyfom;wOD; usqHk;cJh&onf? xdkwdkufyGJwGif u|efawmf rygEdkifbJ tif;av;a'ookd@
txl;vkyfief;wm0efjzifh oGm;a&mufae&csdef jzpfygonf?
Tonf (108) ppfa'o. wESpfwm b0c&D;udk jzwfausmf av#mufvSrf;cJh&
onfh c&D;pOfwck[k qdk&ygrnf?

1974

TESpf. ESpfw0ufajrmuf ajcmufvumvwGif &Jabmf&JxGef;ESifh &Jabmfjrrif;

wd@k (2) OD;onf ygwAD [d&k &dS m yefqef;udw
k m0efjzifh oGm;=uonf? xdt
k csed rf pS I u|eaf wmf
onf (108)ppfa'o. wyfrSL;wm0efrS ppfa'oEdkifiHa&;rSL;ESifh ppfa'oygwDaumf
rwDtwGif;a&;rSL;(&Jabmfjrrif; .ae&m) udk ,m,D0ifa&muf tpm;xdk;wm0ef
,lcJh&avonf?

93
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
xdkESpfrSpI (108) ppfa'oonf rqvtpdk;&. ppfa&;xdk;ppf rsm;ukdaomf
vnf;aumif;/ rd;k [de;f . tufp, f t
l m&fat wyfz@JG rsm;ukd aomf vnfaumif; &ifqikd v
f m&
aom tajctaejzpfvmonf? tufpf,l tm&fat (SURA)wyfzGJ@rsm;onf (108)
ppfa'o.e,fajrjzpfonfh rdkif;,Gif; rdkif;vef;a'orsm;twGif; r=uc% 0ifa&muf v_yf
&Sm;vmonf? rqv ppftpdk;&. ppfwyfrsm;vnf; ausmuf*l/ aemifvHk/ aemif0dk;ESifh
wkefavm a'orsm;wGif [efcsufnDnD v_yf&Sm;vmonfudk awG@&Sd&ygonf? (108)
ppfa'owyfzGJ@onf rvGJra&SmifombJ ppfrsufESm (2) ckudk wòyifwnf; &ifqdkifae&onfh
tajctaersKd; jzpfaeonf?
TuJo h @kd aom tajctaersK;d wGif (108) ppfa'o.vufeuf udik wf yftiftm;
}uD;xGm;a&;rSm rsm;pGm tcuf}uKH&ygonf? "rRwmoabmyif vlrsm;onf 'kuQaygif;pHk
}uKHawG@ae&+yD; twd'kuQrsKd;pHkESifh jynfhv#rf;aeaom wyfzGJ@rsKd;wGif rnfolr# yg0ifvdk=u
rnf r[kwfyg?
u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'o. xdkvufeufudkifwyf rwdk;yGm; r}uD;xGm;jcif;
onf ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd; &Sdyg vdrfhrnf?
atmufygta=umif;rsm;onf ta&;ygonfh ta=umif; tcsufrsm; jzpfrnf[k
,lqygonf?
1? (108) ppfa'oonf ESpfpOfrjywf tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;. ppfa&;xdk;ppfrsm;ESifh
&ifqdkifae=u&onf?
2? (108) ppfa'oe,fajr.ywf0ef;usifY tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;onf ppftiftm;
tvHk;t&if;jzifh txyfxyf0dkif;&HI ae&m,l wyfpGJxm;=uyg onf?
3? (108) a'o. ab;0ef;usifwGif vlrsKd;pktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh vlrsKd;pkwyfzGJ@
rsm; wnf&Sdaeayonf?
4? (108) ppfa'oe,fajrY rSDwif;aexdkif=uonfh vlrsKd;rsm;onf &Srf;/ "Ek/
yavmif paom vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfonf?
5? (108) ppfa'oacgif;aqmifrsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh Arm vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf+yD;
&Srf;bmompum; rwwf=uyg?
6? wyfom;rsm; pnf;±Hk;vufcHa&; oabmxm;onf atmufyg twdkif;
qHk;jzwfxm;ygonf?
(u) (108) ppfa'oygwaD umfrwDonf wyfom;opfrsm; pnf;±H;k odr;f oGi;f &m
wGif atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tajccH&rnf?
(c) wyfom;opfrsm; pnf;±Hk;vufcH&mwGif usef;rmoefpGrf;+yD; touf (18)
ESpf jynfholrsm;udkom vufcH&rnf? ‚wdk@onf rdrdwdk@pdwf qENrsm;t& wenf;tm;jzifh
Edik if aH &;todt& wyfwiG ;f 0ifa&mufvo dk nfqydk gu æ‚usm;§r tm;vH;k ukd yg0ifap&ef

94
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vufcHEdkifonf?
(*) wyfom;opfrsm;tjzpf wyfxJ0ifa&mufvm=uonfh usm;§r yk*~dKvfrsm;
onf &mZ0wfjypfr_rsm; uif;&Sif; &rnf? txl;ojzifh "m;jyr_/ rk'drf;r_/ vlowfr_wdk@
jzpfonf? ul;pufa&m*gESifh rl;,pfaq;0g; uif;&Sif;olrsm; jzpf=u&rnf?
(C) wyfom;opfrsm;tjzpf pnf;±Hk;odrf;oGif;&mwGif +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ tusyf
udkif jr‡LqG,fjcif;/ Oya'/ trdef@tm%mrsm;oHk;I aumufcHjcif;ESifh tvSnfhuspepf/
tcsKd;uspnf;pepfrsm; owfrSwfusifhoHk;jcif;udk vHk;0cGifhrðyay?
7? azmfjyygtcsuftvufrsm;onf ta&;ygonfh tcsufrsm;[k ,lqonf?
,if;tcsuftvufrsm;t& (108) ppfa'o. vufeufudkif wyftiftm; wdk;yGm;}uD;
xGm;apa&;rSm tcGifhtvrf; enf;yg;aeygvdrfhrnf?
xdktajctaersm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;rðybJ ygwDwGif;rS vlyk*~dKvfau'g
tenf;pkonf tjypfwifonfh avoHrsm; xGufvm=uonf? ‚wdk@u (108) ppfa'o
. vufeufuikd w f yftiftm;onf anmifyif0ikd ;f w0dik ;f pmyif &Srd nfrxif[I l ajymqdv k m
ygonf ? xd k y k * ~ d K vf r sm;xJ w G i f A[d k a umf r wD t opf p uf p uf vl } uD ; rif ; rsm;vnf ;
wOD;pESpfOD;p yg0if=uonf?
(108)ppf a 'oygwD a umf r wD o nf xd k o k d @ aomjypf w if ajymqd k = uonf h
=um;Yyif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh 1971 ckESpfrSpI 1975 ckESpf txd 4 ESpfausmf 5 ESpfeDf;yg;
umvrsm;wGif tcuftcJaygif;pHk=um;wGif ql;=um;rSm oD;yGifh&onfh bl;oD;yrm
&yfwnfcJh&ygonf?
1975 ckESpfwGif ygwDA[dk (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDA[dk). “7510” pDrHudef;
t& ta&S@ajrmufppfa'orS vltiftm;&Spf&meD;yg;r# yg0ifaom wyfr[m (683)onf
u|efawmfwdk@. ajymufusm;a'o (108) e,fajrokd@ a&muf&Sdvmygonf? ‚wdk@ESifhtwl
a=u;pm;wyfrsm;vnf; aemufawmfyg;rS ajcwz0g;ruGm vdkufygvm=uygonf?
(683) wyfr[monf oHvGifjrpftaemufbuful;onfESifh wòyifwnf;
a=u;pm;wyfrsm;onf xef;vsufcJudk yk&Gufqdwfrsm; tHkouJhodk@ 0dkif;tkHae=uygonf?
a&S@rSydwf/ aemufuvdkuf/ ab;rS0dkufum pkðyHvdkufae=uonf? rqv tpdk;&.
ajcjrefwyfrrS enf;AsL[mrsm;onfvnf;aumif;/ ppfwdkif;rsm;rS ppfAsL[mrsm; onfvnf;
aumif; 0dkif;0ef;umqD; ydwfqdk@=uygonf?
(683) wyfr[monf xdkuJhodk@ &efolrsm;0dkif;aeonfh=um;rS ae@nrjywf
r&yfrem;xdk;azmufcsDwufcJhonf? Todk@csDwuf&mY xrif;udkyif eyfrSefatmif rpm;cJh
=u&yg? rqv tpdk;&. &efukefòr@&Sd ppf±Hk;csKyfonf wyfr[m (683) oHvGifjrpf
taemufbuf ul;IcsDwufvmjcif;wGif rnfonfht}uHtpnfrsm; yg&Sdrnfqkdonfudk
od&Sdvdk=uonf? xdk@a=umifh a=u;pm;wyfrsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onf tawmf}uD; a,muf

95
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
,ufcwfum txdwfwvef@ jzpfaeyHk ay:vGifaeygonf?
‚wdk@. ajcjrefwyfr (55) rS enf;AsL[mwckESifh wyfrawmf(av) yg wGJzuf
toHk;ðyvmygonf? wyfrawmf(av)rS ppfav,mOf (3) pif;onf wyfr[m (683) .
csDwuf&mvrf;a=umif;wav#mufudk uif;axmufjcif;/ xdawG@wdkufyGJjzpfv#if ulnDI
AHk;rsm;}uJcsjcif;/ pufaoewfrsm;jzifh ypfcwfjcif;rsm;udk ðyvkyfvmygonf? yefqef;&Sd
u|efawmfwdk@. A[dkppfaumfr&Sif±Hk;onfvnf; wyfr[m (683) . tcuftcJrsm; avsmh
yg;ap&eftwGuf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o&Sd wyftcsKd @tm; !¸e=f um;um &efou l q
kd iJG ifonfh
wdkufyGJwcsKd@udk ðyvkyfay;ygonf? r[mrdwfjzpfonfh &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA)wyf
rsm;uvnf; ulnDyHhydk;ay;=uonf? T odk@jzifh (683) wyfr[monf &Srf;jynfwyfrawmf
a'oudk acsmarmpGm a&muf&SdvmcJh=uygonf?
u|efawmfwkd@. A[dkppfaumfr&Sif±Hk;onf a=u;eef;jzifh u|efawmfhudkf wyfr[m
(683) EdkifiHa&;rSL;ESifh tjrefqHk; vlcsif;awG@&ef !¸ef=um;vmygonf? T!¸ef=um;csuft&
u|efawmfonf a=u;eef;puftzGJ@ESifh umuG,fa&;twGuf wyfpdwfwpdwfygac:I
&Srf;jynfwyfrawmf (SSA) e,fokd@ csDwufcJhygonf? u|efawmfonf a=u;pm;ppfwyf
rsm;. ppfa=umif;rsm;udk uGif;a&Smifum c&D; (3) &uft=umwGif (683) wyfr[mESifh
vlcsif; awG@rdoGm;=uygonf?
u|efawmfonf (683) wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDESifh ta&;ay: aqG;aEG;yJGðy
vkyyf gonf? xdak qG;aEG;yGw J iG f wyfr[mEdik if aH &;rSL;vDusKH ;cse;f u oabmxm;wck wifjyyg
onf? xdkoabmxm;rSm a&S@vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tpnf;ta0;wck ðyvkyfvdkonf?
TtwGuf vltiftm; (800) cef@twGuf qefESifhusef&duQmrsm;&&SdEdkifrnfh ae&mudk
,m,DtajcðyEdkif&ef pDpOfay;apvkda=umif; aqG;aEG;ygonf?
u|efawmfonf xkdtajctaeudk (108) ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD rsm;ESifhaomf
vnf;aumif;/ axmufyHha&; Xme.wm0efcH &Jabmf aomif;wifESifhaomfvnf;aumif;
a=u;eef;jzifh n‡dE_dif;&,l&ygonf? ‚wkd@. oabmwlnDcsuft& wyfr[mwckvHk;udk
(108) e,fajrokd@ csDwuf&ef qHk;jzwffygonf? odk@aomf TqHk;jzwfcsufudk oabmrwl
rausvnfaom wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDtwGif;Y vlyk*~dKvfwcsdK@ &Sdaeygonf? ,if;
yk*~dKvfrSm &Srf;jynfwyfrawmfe,fajrtwGif;&Sd a'owckjzpfaom vG,fac;a'oudk
tajccsvdkygonf? vG,fac;awmifwef;onf w±kwfjynf. usifuef;pef;ESifh wlonf[lI
aomfvnf;aumif;/ tajccHpcef; wnfaqmufa&;twGuf a&ajrawmawmif yx0D
taetxm;rStp tqifajyonfhae&m[lIaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqdk=uonf?
TvG,fac;awmifwef;ay:wGif w±kwfvlrsdK;wcsdK@ aexdkif=uonf? ‚wdk@
onf jrif;vm;rsm;jzifh ta&mif;t0,ftul;toef;rsm; ðyvkyfI pD;yGm;a&;toifhtwifh
ajyvnf=uonf? wzufrSmvnf; yJykwfap/h *sHK/ ajymif;zl;ESifh bdef;yifrsm;yg pdkufysdK;=u

96
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
onf? arG;jrLa&;rSmvnf; 0uf/ bJ/ =uufrsm;arG;jrL=uonf? xdkawmifay:wGif &Gmrsm;
rsm;r&Sdyg? &Srf; vlrsKd;rsm;onf ajrjyef@vGifjyifawmifatmufY aexdkif=uolrsm; jzpfonf?
vG,fac;awmifwef;onf rdrdodor# qdk&v#if }uD;rm;us,fjyef@jcif;r&Sdyg? tpdk;&ppfwyf
rsm;onf tvG,fwuljzifh tcsdeftcgra&G; a&muf&SdEdkifygonf? ‚yk*~dKvfonf ygwD
A[dk. “7510” pDrHudef;ESifhtòyif vG,fac;pDrHudef;tjzpf ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o ygwD
aumfrwDokd@ wifjyonf[k =um;cJhzl;onf? ,if;onf wjcm;vlr[kwf (683) wyfr[m
. 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL; vDppf±lyif jzpfonf? Tjy\emtm; ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf ta&S@ajrmuf
ppfa'orS 'k-wyfr–;&Jabmfwdkufatmif qif;vmI udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&onf? vufcH-
vufrcH/ ajyvnfonf-rajyvnfonfudk tckdiftrm rod&Sd&yg? um,uH&Sif yk*~dKvf
rsm;vnf; toufxif&Sm; r&Sd=uawmhI qdkif&mtzJG@tpnf;rsm;omv#if od&Sd=uygrnf?
(683) wyfr[mwGif wyf&if; (3) &if;&Sdonf? xdkwyf&if;rsm;onf 4045/
4047/ 502 wyf&if;rsm;jzpf.? xdkwyf&if;rsm;wGif 57 vufr aemufyGifhtajrmuf
odk@r[kwf 75 vufr aemufyGifhtajrmufrsm; wvufpD yg&Sd=uonf? w±kwfjynfvkyf
81 rr armfwmrsm;vnf; yg=uonf? wyfr[m±Hk;wGif cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;wifonfh
jrif;ESifhvm;rsm; taumifa& 30 eD;yg;r# yg&Sdygrnf? wyfom;trsm;pkonf 0,vlrsdK;rsm;
jzpf+yD; au'gwyfrSL;rsm;onf udk;uef@w±kwfvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh 0,vlrsdK;wcsdK@yif jzpfygonf?
(10*) ppfa'owGif qefpyg;xGufonfhe,frsm;rSm ausmuf*l/ rdkif;,Gif;ESifh
rdkif;vef;/ rdkif;jyif; e,frsm;jzpfonf? ajryJxGuf&Sdonfh e,frSm aemifvHk/ aemif0dk;e,frsm;
jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh wyfr[m (683)udk qefpyg;xGuf&Sdonfh ausmuf*l/ rdkif;,Gif;/
rdkif;vef;e,f 3 ck. qHkcsufae&mjzpfaom eef@vrf;jrpfab; awmwGif;wae&mY ,m,D
pcef;cs tajcðy&ygonf?
ausmuf*lonf &efolwyfcJGpcef;tjzpf tajcðyxm;onf? xdk&GmrS qefwif;
(80) (Ta'oYwwif;v#if (2) cJG&Sd+yD; wcJGwGif (10) jynf/ wjynfv#ifEdk@qDAl; (10)
vHk;&Sdonf?) rdkif;,Gif;/ rdkif;vef;ESifh rdkif;jyif;e,frsm;rS qefwif;tcsKd@ &&Sdapa&; pDpOf&
ygonf? wcsdK@udk0,fI wcsdK@udk vlxku tultnDtjzpf ay;=uonf? tvm;wl
aemifvHke,frS ajryJqD (5) ykH; (yd\m 50) / aemif0dk;e,frSvnf; tvm;wl ta&twGuf
&&SdcJhygonf? ‚tjyif EGm;/ 0uf/ bJ/ =uuf ponfh [if;v#mtom;rsm;ESifh toD;t&Guf
rsm;udv k nf; a&mif;csjcif;/ ulnjD cif;ðyvky=f uonf? wyf&if; wyfz@GJ rsm;onf wyfr[m±H;k .
ab;ywfvnf&Sd awmifukef;rsm; awmifwef; rsm;tay:wGif cHuwkwfusif;rsm;wl;I
tqifoifh jyifqif ae&m,lxm;=uonf? wyfzJG@wcsdK@udk xkwfEkwfI ta0;uif;rsm;
ozG,f v_yf&Sm;apygonf?
ausmuf*l&Sd &efolwyfcJGonfvnf;aumif;/ wkefavm/ eef@rvef&Sd ppfwyfrsm;
onfvnf;aumif; wGif;atmif;ºuufrsm;yrm ‚wdk@. wyfpcef;&Sd uwkwfusif;rsm;xJ

97
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rSmyif ykef;atmif;ae=uygonf? a=u;pm; ppfwyfrsm;onf ‚wdk@xuf vlvufeuftif
tm; omvGefaumif;rGefonf[k ,lqv#if ‚wdk@onf usm;opfeH@&onfh acG;rsm;yrm
ajr}uD;ESifh zif'&GwfwdkufaeouJhodk@yif zifoDae=uygonf?
xdktajctaeY wyfr[m (683) . ygwDaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;udk usif;y=u
ygonf? wyfr[mEdkifiHa&;rSL; vDusHK;csef;u u|efawmfhtm; tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf
ygqdkI wufa&mufcJhygonf? tpnf;ta0;Y u|efawmfonf atmufygoabmxm;
tjrifrsm;yg&Sdaom t}uH^m%f rsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhonf?
(1) wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDtaejzifh ‚wdk@.wyfrsm;jzpfaom wyf&if; 3
&if;udk wae&mwnf; pkpnf;xm;v#if tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;
&SdEdkifonf?
(2) tcuf t cJ t usyf t wnf ; rsm;rS m æ
(u) ,cka&muf&Sdaeonfh a'orsm;onf oHvGifjrpf ta&S@ bufe,fajr
rsm;ESifh rwlyg? txl;ojzifh &efol. twGif;pnf; jzpfaeygonf?
(c) &efolrsm;onf ‚wdk@twGif;udk a&muf&Sdvmonfh (683) wyfr[m
udk ppfa&;t& acsr_ef;wdkufcdkuf&efrSm rsm;pGmtcGifhtvrf;omygrnf?
(‚wdk@.wyfrsm;tm; tjref pkpnf;Edkif+yD;tjrefvnf; jzef@cJGEdkif.?
wenf;tm;jzifh tjrefpk/ tjrefwdkuf/ tjrefjzef@cJGEdkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;
onf &efoltwGufomvGef+yD; rdrdtwGuf csnfheJ@aeygonf?)
(*) u|efawmfwdk@wyfrsm;onf ppftiftm;}uD;rm;onfh &efolESifh &ifqdkif
&rnfjzpfI tqHk;t±_H;txdtcdkuf rsm;Edkifygonf? a&&SnfYrl tcuftcJ
}uD;rm;Edkifonf?
(C) ppf a &;t&qd k v #if u|ef a wmf w d k @ .wyf r sm;onf v_ y f & S m ;ppf
rqifEikd b f J cHppfaob0 usa&mufomG ;Edik o f nf? cHppfaob0jzifh vufO;D
r_rJhum &efolðyor# Ek=u&rnhf tajc jzpfonf?
(i) rdrdwyftiftm;udk tºuif;rJhpkpnf;xm;v#if &duQmvnf; cuf/
wyfom;rsm;vnf; tem;&=urnf r[kwfyg? udk,fa&m pdwfyg ppfyef;
EGrf;e,fvmonfh b0a&muf=u&rnfom jzpf ygonf?
(3) rd r d t if t m;rsm; jzef @ cJ G j cif ; ES i f h ae&mcsxm;jcif ; æ
(u) rdrdtiftm; jzef@cJG&mY tºuif;rJh jzef@cJGjcif;udk qef@usif&rnf? wyf
r[mygwDaumfrwDonf vdktyfonfhtiftm;udk pkpnf;xm;onfh t
ajccHrS jzef@cJGr_udk ðyvkyf&rnf?
(c) wyf&if;udktjccHaom jzef@cJGae&mcsxm;a&;udk ðyvkyfoifhygonf?
(*) wyf&if;ygwDaumfrwDrsm;onf rdrdwdk@. wyf&if;rsm;udk ae&mcs

98
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
xm;onfh e,fajrtwGif; vlxktzJG@tpnf;rsm; xlaxmif=u&rnf?
jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfrsm;udk wnfaqmuf=u&rnf? vdktyf+yD; oifh
avsmrf nfh tcGetf wkwrf sm;udvk nf; aumufc&H rnf? aiGa=u;b¾mrsm;
udk pepfwuscef@cGJ toHk; ðyoGm;=u&rnf?
(C) wyf&if;ygwDaumfrwDrsm;onf rdrdwyf&if;. ppfa&;/ vlxkpnf;±Hk;
a&;ESifh ygwDwnfaqmufa&;/ wyfwnfaqmufa&;/b¾maxmufyHha&;/
pD;yGm;a&; ponhfvkyfief;rsm;udk ESpfpOfpDrHcsufa&;qGJ vkyfaqmifoGm;=u
&rnf? Tonfudkvnf; wyfr[mygwDaumfrwDokd@ wifjytwnf
ðycsuf &,l&efvdkygonf?
(4) wyfr[mygwDaumfrwD±Hk;onf &efol.tajctaersm;t& v_yf&Sm;±Hk;
jzpfoifhonf? Twyfr[m±Hk;udkumuG,f&eftwGuf wyf&if; w&if;rS vl/ vufeuftif
tm; 30 &Sdonfhwyfpkudk ay;=u&rnf? wyfpk 3 pk tiftm; 90 jzifh umuG,f&rnf?
Ttiftm;onf a=u;pm;ppfwyfrS ppfa=umif;wa=umif;udk &ifqdkifEdkifayrnf?
u|efawmfonf azmfjyygoabmxm;rsm;udk t}uHðywifjycJhonf? xdkwifjy
csufudk wyfr[m 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfonfh vDppf±lonf tpydkif;Y vufrcHEdkif[kqdkonf?
,if;oabmxm;onf ykef;aea&;oufouf [kqdkygonf?
vDppf±lonf ,ckvdk ol.tjrifudk ajymqdkaqG;aEG;&mwGif w±kwfbmom
pum;jzifh ajymqdkojzifh EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfonfh vDusHK;csef;rS Armbmomjzifh tusOf;jyef
qdkay;ygonf? vDppf±lonf pum;ajymqdk&mY }uKHcJhzl;or#wGif tjrifrwlv#if a'gojzifh
ezl;a=umrsm;wif;um acgif;rS qHyifrsm;yif axmifvmonftxd ajymqdkwwfygonf?
Tonf ADZtusifhyJvm; rajymwwf? TtajymtqkdrsKd; r}uKHpzl; }uKHcJh&ygonf?
u|efawmf. Toabmxm;wifjycsufudk a,bk,staeESifh wyfr[mygwD
aumfrwDu vufcHygonf? (683) wyfr[mEdkifiHa&;rSL;ESifh wyfr[mygwD aumfrwD
twGif;a&;rSL; vDusHK;csef;onf wyf&if;toD;oD;tm; ae&mcsxm;a&;ESifh e,fajrowf
rSwfay;a&;udk tcdkiftrm pDpOfaqmif&Gufoljzpfonf? ‚u wyfrsm;rjzef@cGJrDwGif
&efol.ppfa=umif;wa=umif;udk wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;vdkonf[k ajymqdkonf? Tonfudk
tm;vHk;rS oabmwl=uygonf?
Axl;òr@&Sd Axl;ppfausmif;udk umuG,f&onfhwyfrS xkwfEkwfvmonfh
wyfwwyfonf ‘xl;atmif’ ppfa=umif;trnfESifh v_yf&Sm;aeonf? xkdppfa=umif;(One
Column) udk wdkufcdkuf&ef a&G;cs,f owfrSwf=uonf? xdkwdkufyGJtm; pDpOfOD;pD;rnfhol
onf vDusHK;csef;udk,fwdkifyifjzpfonf? u|efawmf.wm0efrSm wdkufyJGrS'%f&m&&Sd
olrsm;udk vHkðcHpGm aq;ukoEdkif&ef pDpOfay;a&;jzpfonf? ,if;a=umifhu|efawmfonf
(683) wyfr[m. aq;tzJG@ESifh (108) ppfa'oaq;tzJG@udk oifhav#mfrnfh &Jabmfrsm;ESifh

99
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
yl;aygif;zJG@pnf;um wm0efay;ygonf? aq;±HkESifh aq;pcef;udkvnf; (108) ppfa'owyfrS
wyfpkwpkudk ac:,lwm0efay;&avonf? ab;ywfvnf&Sdaus;&Gmrsm;rS jynfolrsm;udk
vnf; owif;&&Sda&;ESifh vHkðcHa&;twGuf tultnDrsm; awmif;cH&ygonf? ‚tjyif
&efo@l a=u;eef;owif;rsm;tm; =um;jzwfzrf;onhf (Intercept) tvkyfudkvnf; (108)
ppfa'oa=u;eef;tzJG@udk ac:,lwm0efay;&onf? &&Sdonfh owif;rsm;udk vdktyfv#if
vDusHK;csef;xHydk@&ef wyfr[ma=u;eef;XmerS 2 OD;udk ac:,lwm0efay;&ygonf?
atmif v if ; xl ; ppf a =umif ; tm; wd k u f c d k u f a csr_ e f ; jcif ;
tpdk;&ppfwyfrS ppfa=umif;rsm;onf (683) wyfr[m±Hk; ,m,Dwnf&Sd&m
ausmuf*l/ rdkif;,Gif;ESifh rdkif;vef;e,fajrrsm;udk OD;wnfI xdk;ppfqifvmaeonf? T
umvwGif (683) wyfr[m±Hk;onf ausmuf*la'o cJ[D;&Gm. ta&S@awmifbuf eef@
vrf;jrpfab;awmwGif; wae&mY &Sdaeayonf?
eef@rvefòr@ESifh wkefavmbufrSvnf; ppfa=umif;wa=umif;u aemif0dk;e,fxJ
udk 0ifa&muf&iS ;f vif;ygonf? tjcm;aomppfa=umif;rsm;vnf; rdik ;f ,Gi;f rS taemufbuf
eef@vrf;jrpfudkOD;wnfI &Sif;vif;aeonf? tifawme,fbufrSvnf; ppfa=umif; 2
a=umif;u eef@vrf;jrpf udk ab;csif;,SOfI ajrmufzufokd@ OD;wnf&Sif;vif;aeonf?
atmifvif;xl;ppfa=umif;onf ausmuf*le,f qDqHk*Edkif&GmrS cJ[D;&Gmbufudk
awmvrf;twdkif; eef@vrf;jrpfzuf udk OD;wnfI csDwuf &Sif;vif;ygonf? Tppfa=umif;
rsm;udk OD;pD;uGyfuJonfrSm ajcjrefwyfr 55 rS 'k-wyfrrSL;[k od&ayonf? xdkwyfrrSL;
onf ‚wdk@e,ftwGif; t&JpGef@0ifvmonfh (683) wyfr[mudk rSwfom;avmufatmif
qHk;rjy rnf[k }udrf;0g;aeoljzpfonf?
atmif v if ; xl ; ppf a =umif ; onf cJ [ D ; &G m awmif b uf v,f u G u f r sm;ES i f h
v,fwJrsm;udk ppfAsL[majrmuf &Sif;vif;ae.? u|efawmfwdk@. wyfrsm;uvnf; Tppf
a=umif;udk wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;&ef toifhae&m,lxm;=uonf? owfuGif;twGif; tm;vHk;
r0ifao;I apmifhae=u&jcif; jzpfonf? r=umyg? aoewfoH/ vufypfAHk;aygufuGJoH
rsm;ESifh 60 rr armfwmoHrsm; AZlumusnfaygufuGJoHrsm;onf ywf0ef;usif&Sd awm
awmifrsm;udk ±dkufcwfyJhwifoGm;ygawmhonf?
Tppfa=umif;wckvHk;eD;yg;udk acsr_ef;Edkifonf[k qdk&ygrnf?
ay:vpD t m; rS m ;,G i f ; pG m vk y f a qmif c J h j cif ;
Ttcsufudk arhcsefxm;cJhI rjzpfay? u|efawmfwkd@ (108) ppfa'otwGuf
trSwfw&tjzpf oifcef;pm,l&rnfhtcsuf jzpfaeygonf? xdktcsufrSm ppfa'oygwD
aumfrwDw&yfvHk;ESifh rywfoufyg? (108) ppfa'ozJG@ pnf;+yD;aemuf wESpfcef@t=um
wGif (1972 - 73) ESpfrsm;yif jzpfrnf? ‚ESpfrsm;Y ppfa'o&Sd &Srf;vlrsdK;rsm;aexdkifaom
aemif0dk;ESifh rdkif;,Gif;a'orsm;wGif qif;&Jom;v,form;or*~rsm; pnf;±Hk;zGJ@pnf;&ef

100
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
jzpfonf? TudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I ppfa'oygwDaumfrwDtwGif;Y zGJ@oifh rzGJ@oifhESifh tcsdef
umva&mufra&mufudk t}udwfte,faqG;aEG; jiif;cHk=u&avonf? ppfa'oygwDaumf
rwD twGif;a&;rSL; &Jabmfjrrif;u qif;&Jom;v,form;or*~rsm; zJG@pnf;xlaxmifjcif;
onf tcsdefumvtm;jzifh apmaeonf[k tjrif&Sdonf? ‚u ynmay;jyifqif&rnfh
tcsdefESifh ppfa&;t& wpHkw&m wnf+idrf&ef vdkao;onf[k qdkavonf? xdk@jyif vlrsdK;pk
a'orsm;jzpfI EdkifiHa&;t& vlwef;pm;todt& vHkavmufr_rjynfhpHk[kvnf; qdkay
onf?
ppfa'oygwDaumfrwD 'k-twGif;a&;r–; &Jabmf&JxGef;.tjrifrSm aemif0dk;/
rdkif;,Gif;a'orsm;onf 1949-50 ESpfrsm;rSpI Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDrS vufeufudkif
wyfrsm; a&muf&SdtajccscJhonhfa'orsm; jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh EdkifiHa&;ESifh vlwef;pm;
tod tpdrf;oufoufe,frsm; r[kwf=uyg? ,if;tjrift&qdkv#if qif;&Jom;or*~
rsm;udk pnf;±Hk;azmfxkwfoifhonf[k qdkvdkonf?
u|efawmfu &Jabmf&JxGef;.tjrifudk axmufcHcJhonf? qif;&Jom;v,f
orm;or*~rsm;udk pnf;±Hk;xlaxmifoGm;&rnf? TtwGuf aemif0dk;ESifh rdkif;,Gif;e,frsm;&Sd
aus;&Gmvl}uD;rsm;udk pkpnf;um vlwef;pm;ynmay;onfhoabmrsdK;jzifh oifwef;wck
zGivhf pS yf @kd csoif.
h ? TtwGuf &Jabmf&x J eG ;f rS t"duwm0ef,+l yD; &Jabmfaomif;wifonf
wGJzufwm0ef ,loifhygonf? &Jabmfaomif;wifonf &Srf;pum;ESifh &Srf;pmyg wwfonfh
yk*~dKvfjzpfI bmomjyefqdkay;Edkifygonf?
&Jabmfjrrif;onf Tudpu P kd qufI tjiif;ryGm;vdo k nfoh abmESihf trsm;pk.
tjriftm; oabmwl acgif;ndwfvdkufyHk&onf? u|efawmf.ADZvlwef;pm;onf aus;
vufqif;&Jom; v,form;rsm;jzpfonf? rdbrsm;onf tnmaus;vufa'orS jzpf
onf? u|efawmfonf rvdrfrnm ±dk;om;pGm0efcH&v#if rdrd.vlwef;pm;ta=umif;udk
odem;vnfjcif; r&Sdyg? xdk@a=umifh &Jabmf&JxGef;.qif;&Jom;v,form;rsm;or*~ pnf;±Hk;
azmfxkwfa&;tay:udk pdwf0ifwpm; &Sdaejcif;jzpfonf?
jynfol@'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;onf tESpfom&tm;jzifh ajr,m awmfvSefa&;
yif jzpfonf[k qdo k nf? TawmfveS af &;udk pdwaf &mud,k yf g axmufco H nfh tiftm;rsm;
rSmvnf; aus;vufqif;&Jom; v,form;rsm;yif jzpfonf? udkvdkeDwydkif; ya'o&mZf
wydkif; EkdifiHrsm;wGif qifE$J=u&rnfh awmfvSefa&;vrf;a=umif;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh
e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&; ya'o&mZfqef@usifa&; 'Drdkua&pDopf awmfvSefa&;yif jzpf.?
Tawmf vSefa&;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh vrf;a=umif;vrf;oG,f trsdK;rsdK;&SdEdkifygonf?
tqifhrsm;vnf; &SdEdkifygonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap aus;vufa'o rsm;onf awmfvSefa&;.
tajccHpcef;rsm;tjzpf qufvufwnfaqmuf Edkifao;onf? aus;vufa'orsm;onf
tm%m&tk y f p d k ; ol r sm;. =oZmtm%mcsnh f e J @ tm;enf ; onf h ae&mjzpf y gonf ?

101
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
xdk@a=umifh aus;vuf v,form;vlxktm; pnf;±Hk;&ef vdk+rJvdktyfayonf? rnfodk@
pnf;±Hk;rnfenf;? Ttcsufudk u|efawmfonf tawmfpdwf0ifwpm;&Sdonf? odk@aomf
TtwGuf vufawGvkyfaqmif&ef A[kokw vGefpGmtm;enf;ygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'o ygwDaumfrwDonf aemif0dk;/ rdkif;,Gif;e,fudk
prf;oyfe,fajrrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfygonf? Te,fajrrsm;wGif qif;&Jom;v,form;
or*~rsm; aus;&GmESifhaus;&Gmtkyfpk 40 ausmfY zJG@pnf;xlaxmifcJh=uonf? xdkodk@
zJG@pnf;=u&mY vlwef;pm;tv$m cGJjcm;owfrSwf=u&ygonf? tv$mcJGjcm; owfrSwf
=u&mY a,bk,stm;jzifh pHxm;&rnfh tcsuf 3 csufESifh cJGjcrf;pdwfjzm=u&ayonf?
TpHxm;csuf 3 csufrSm æ
(1) ydkifqdkifr _? ydkifqdkifr_qdk&mwGif a,bk,stm;jzifh ajr,mrsm;/ O,smOf
+cHajrrsm;ESifh aetdrftaqmuftODrsm; v,f,mvkyfud&d,m
rsm; (u|J/ EGm;rsm;ESifh xGefwkef;/ xGefoefrsm;) ESifh twGif; ypPnf;
rsm; pdef/ a&$/ aiG vuf0wfvufpm;rsm; jzpfonf?
(2) cJGa0toHk;csr_? TcGJa0toHk;csr_onf txufwGif azmfjycJhonfh ajr,m
ESifh O,smOf+cHajrrsm;tygt0if ypPnf;OpPm tm;vHk;onf rnf
okd@rnfyHk cGJa0toHk;csonfudk qdkvdkygonf? (Oyrm ydkifqdkif
xm;aomv,f,mrsm;ESifh O,smOf+cHajrrsm;udk oD;pm; odk@r
[kwf tzufay; jcif; odk@r[kwf vliSm;rsm;ESifh vkyfudkifjcif;udk
qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf?)
(3) vlvlcsif;qufqHr_ ? vlcsif;qufqHr_tydkif;onf t&Sif;vif;qHk;ESifh
tvG,fulqHk;ajym&v#if tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform; qufqH
a&;/ ajr&SifESifh ajru|efqufqHa&;/ ypPnf;&SifESifhypPnf;rJh quf
qHa&;/ ocifESifhu|ef qufqHa&;wdk@yif jzpfonf?
azmfjyygpHxm;csuf (3) csufwGif vlvlcsif; qufqHa&;tcsufonf t"duESifh
y"meusaom tcsufyif jzpfonf? xdkvkyfief;udk wm0ef,l vkyfudkif=u&onfh &Jabmf
rsm;onf pHðy&rnfh rloabmxm;rsm;t& vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf=uaomfvnf; trSm;
t,Gif;rsm;/ twdrf;tapmif;rsm; &SdcJhygonf? ay:vGifxif&Sm;onfh trSm;onf csrf;om
aom v,form; vlwef;pm;tay: xm;&Sd&rnfh oabmxm;ESifh vkyf&yftcsdK@yif
jzpfonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ ygwD. (ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD) ajr,mvrf;pOfwGif qif;&Judk
tajccH/ tvwfudk r[mrdwfðy/ csrf;omudk =um;xm;/ ajr&Sif udkOD;wnfwdkuf[k azmfjy
yg&Sdonf? ajr&Sifvlwef;pm;udk OD;wnfwdkufEdkifa&;twGuf csrf;omonfhv,form;
vlwef;pm;udk aumif;pGm =um;xm;EdkifrSomv#if wdkufcdkuf&rnfh&efoludk xdxdrdrd

102
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
wdkufcdkufEdkifrnf[k qdkygonf?

csrf;omaom v,form; vlwef;pm;udk =um;xm;&rnfh oabmxm;

Toabmxm;onf &Sif;ovdkESifh ±_yfaxG;onf[k qdk&ygrnf? csrf;omonfh
v,form;vlwef;pm;udk =um;tjzpfxm;&mwGif a,bk,s taeESifh atmufygtcsuf
(3) csufjzifh udkufnD&ygrnf?
(1) EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;ray;&
(2) vkyfief;rsm; csKyfcs,f
(3) pD;yGm;xddef;odrf;æqdkonfwdk@ jzpfonf?
EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&; ray;& qdk&mwGif a,bk,stm;jzifh aus;&Gm odk@r[kwf
aus;&Gmtkyfpkrsm;wGif awmifolv,form; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ or*~rsm;wGif yg0ifa&G;cs,f
ydik cf iG /hf qENraJ y;cGihf r&S&d yg? vkyif ef;csKyfcs,q
f &kd mwGif ‚vkyu f ikd of nfh pD;yGm;a&; vkyif ef;
rsm;wGif aoG;pkyfonfhtydkif;udkom uef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;&rnf jzpfonf? pD;yGm;a&;
xdef;odrf;&rnfqdkonfhtydkif;rSmvnf; ‚ydkifv,f,majrrsm;ESifh O,smOf+cHajrrsm;/
v,fvyk u f &d ,d mrsm; ( u|/J EGm;rsm;) udk awmifov l ,form;or*~rsm;tm; todray;bJ
rdro d abmESihf a&mif;csjcif;/ iSm;&rf;jcif;/ aygiEf aHS &$@ ajymif;jcif;rsm;udk rðyvky&f ef xde;f odr;f
xm;&Sd&rnf[k qdkvdkygonf?
txufazmfjyygoabmxm;rsm;t& vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G cf =hJ uaomfvnf; vuf
awG@wGif trSm;t,Gif; twdrf;tapmif;rsm; &SdcJhavonf? csrf;omaom v,form;vl
wef;pm;onf ‚wdk@.v,f,mvkyfief;rsm;udk odompGm av#mhcsvkyfudkifvm=uonf?
‚ydkifypPnf; OpPmrsm;vnf; v#Kd@0SufpGm ajymif;a&$@a&mif;cs=uonf? wzufrSmvnf;
ukefxkwfpGrf;tm;rsm; usqif;um aus;vufa'o pD;yGm;zGH@òz;a&;onf ,kwfav#mh us
qif;vm.? T'%f&m'%fcsufrsm;. wdkuf±dkuftusKd;cHpm;=u&onfholrsm;rSm qif;&J
om; v,form;rsm;yif jzpfonf? Ttcsufonf u|ef awmfwdk@ rSm;,Gif;usL;vGefchJaom
vuf0Jwdrf;apmif;r_trSm;[k qdk&ygrnf?
v,form;qdk&mrSmvnf; v,fvkyfolwdkif;udk v,form;[k rac:qdkEdkifyg?
v,form;qdkonfrSm v,f,majrrsm;udk t"duxm;I toufarG;0rf;a=umif; vkyfudkif
pm;aomuf=uolrsm;omv#if v,form;[k qdk&ygrnf? wenf;qdkaomf v,f,m
vkyfief;wGif ta&;}uD;onfh tvkkyfcsdefumvonf a,bk,stm;jzifh oHk;}udrfr# &Sdygrnf?
‚rSm xGef,ufcsdef (uqkef/ e,kef/ 0gqdk) (3) v jzpfonf? pdkufysKd;csdef (0gacgif/
awmfovif;/ oDwif;u|wf) (3) v jzpf.? &dwfodrf;csdef (waqmifrkef;/ ewfawmf/ jymqdk)
(3) v pkpkaygif; (9)v &uftm;jzifh 270 r#&Sdrnf? xdktvkyfcsdefudk rdrdudk,fwdkif
tcsdefjynfheD;yg; yg&Sdvkyfudkifaom yk*~dKvfukdrS v,form;[k ac:qdkEdkifygrnf?

103
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
Tonf u|eaf wmfw@kd . ajr,mvrf;pOfukd vufawG@vyk af qmifcahJ om tawG@
tñuHxJrS tcsuftvuftcsKd@udkom oifcef;pmtjzpfESifh xkwfEkwfazmfjyjcif;om
jzpfonf?
v,form;jy\emESSifh ajr,mjy\emonf us,f0ef;euf±_dif;ygonf? ae&m
a'o rwljcm;em;ouJhodk@ ajr,mrSmvnf; rwluGJjym;onfh pnf;pepfrsm; ArmjynfwGif
wnf&Sdaeygonf? Armjynf&Sd v,f,majrjy\emrsm;udk pepfwutcsdef,lum
avhvm okawoeðyoifh=uygonf?

jynf o l r sm;acgif ; jywf = u&wJ h j zwf a v;jzwf ?

u|efawmfwdk@&J@ ajymufusm;a'o (108) e,fajrudk tpdk;&onf tjrpfjzwf

onfhenf;jzifh acsr_ef;zdk@ vkyfvmygonf? Tvkyf&yfonf ausmuf*le,frSm pwifvkyf
aqmifcJhjcif; jzpfonf? ‚a'orSm aexdkif=uonfh &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif a'ocHjynfol
awGudk t}uD;tus,f twd'kuQ a&mufapcJhygonf? vlawG tajcrJhtaerJh 'kuQa&muf
=u±kHomru wd&dp>mefawGjzpfonfh u|J/ EGm;/ bJ/ 0uf/ =uufygrusef tm;vHk; twd
'kuQa&muf=u&onf[k qkdEkdifygonf?
rqv ppftpdk;&onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk ausmuf*la'orSm ajcrcs
Edkifatmif jzwfav;jzwf pDrHudef;cs ðyvkyfvmjcif; jzpfygonf? ‚umv 1978 ckESpf
avmufrSm ausmuf*le,fwGif aus;&Gmaygif; 27 &GmeJ@ vlOD;a&pkpkaygif; 20000 ESpfaomif;
eD;yg;r# &Sdaeygonf? a'owckvHk;u &GmawGtm;vHk;udk w&Gmrusef ppfpcef;&Sd&m
ausmuf*l&Gmokd@ ajymif;a&$@aexdkif=u&rSm jzpfonf? ausmuf*l&Gmonf ppfwyfrS wyfcGJ
wcGJ tajcðyxm;onfh pcef;tjzpfwnf&SdcJhaomfvnf; ppfa&;t& xdk;ppfrsm; ðyvkyf
vmonfhtcgwGifrl ‚wyfpcef;onf ppfa=umif;±Hk;/ AsL[m±Hk;rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ
oGm;wufygonf/
ausmuf*la'o &Gmtrsm;pkrSm ESpfy&dap>'&Snf=umpGm aexdkifvmcJh=uaom
aus;&Gmrsm;jzpf=uonf? ‚&Gmrsm;wGif ysOfaxmifoGyfrdk; tdrf}uD;tdrfaumif;rsm;vnf;
&Sd=uonf? &GmOD;rSm aqmufvkyfudk;uG,fxm;aom bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;rsm;rSmvnf;
'g,dum/ 'g,dumrrsm; trsm;tjym;u vSL'gef;aqmufvkyfxm;=uonfhtwGuf ysOf
umoGyfrdk;rsm;ESifh tcdkiftrm&Sdae=uygonf? Ak'<bmom udk;uG,fonfha'ojzpfI tcsKd@
&GmawGrSm bk&m;apwDykxdk;ESifh odrfZ&yfawGyg tcdkiftrm &Sdae=u onf? &Gmtawmf
rsm;rsm;rSm t&dyftm0goaumif;vSonfh anmifyif/ ydEMJyif/ refusnf;yifrsm;vnf;
&Sd=uonf? ‚opfyifrsm;onf ESpfaygif; &Snf=umpGm &SdcJh=uonfh ouf&ifhyif}uD;awG
jzpf.? &Gmwdkif; tdrfwdkif;u udk,fpDudk,fiS rdrdwdk@. tdrf+cH0ef;awGrSm pdkufysKd;xm;=uonfh

104
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
iSufaysm/ oabFm/ o&uf/ rmvmumyifawGuvnf; O,smOfwr# pdrf;vef;pdkjynf
aus;iSufom&umawGyg em;cdk&m pH&dyfðrHawG jzpfaecJhygonf ? ,ckuJhokd@ ESpfv&Snf=um
wnf&SdvmcJh=uonfh rdrdwdk@&Gm rdrdwdk@tdrfrsm;udk pGef@cGm+yD; ae=u&rnfqdkv#if rnfolrS
aevdk=urnfr[kwfyg? ppfwyf.trdef@ tm %mjzpfonfhtwGuf rvGefqefEdkif=uawmhbJ
rajymif;csif=uaomfvnf; }udwfrSdwf+yD; rausreyf pdwfESvkH; rcsrf;ajr@pGmjzifh ajymif;=u
a&$@=u&rn@fb0 qkdufa&mufoGm;=uygonf?
jzwfav;jzwfqdk&mrSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtygt0if vuf eufudkifawmf
vSefa&; tiftm;pkrsm;udk tjrpfjywfacsr_ef;onfh ppfa&;enf;AsL[m wckom jzpfygonf?
wenf;ajym&v#if vufeufudkif awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;udk jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh
tquftoG,f rðyvkyfEdkifatmif wm;qD;[ef@wm; ydwfqdk@xm;a&;yJ jzpfygonf? rqv
tpdk;&ppfwyfawG.tac:t0:t&qdkv#if awmfvSefa&;tiftm;awGudk jynfolvlxkESifh
tquf j zwf a &;/ &d u Q m jzwf a &;/ owif ; rsm; r&&S d a tmif jzwf a wmuf x m;a&;/
jynfolawGvlxktm; OD;acgif;udk jzwfawmufokwfoifa&;qdkonfh jzwfav;jzwfyif
jzpfygawmhonf?
b,fvdkyJ tjrpfjywfacsr_ef;a&; vkyfcJhvkyfcJh/ jynfwGif;ppfumv wav#muf
vHk;rSm b,folu b,foludkrS tjrpfjywfatmif rjzwfEdkifcJh=uyg? 'gudk jynfwGif;ppf
ordkif;u xif&Sm;yDjyifpGm oufaoxlcJhygonf? oufao xlaeygonf? wjynfvHk;u
vlrsKd;aygif;pHk vkyfom;jynfolrsm;omv#if acgif;jywf=u&wm rsm;ygonf? jynfwGif;ppf&J@
'%fudk tqdk;&Gm;qHk;cH&olrsm;rSm ajrpmyifjzpf=u&aom jynfolawGom jzpfygonf?
,ckvnf; ausmuf*la'ou &Srf;/ "Ek/ yavmif vlrsKd;awGrSm tdk;ypftdrfypf &Gmudkyif
pGef@ypfxm;cJh=u&+yD; ausmuf*l&Gmwyfpcef;teD; ab;ywfvnfrSm ae=u&wmjzpfonff?
ppfwyfu pcef;rSL;qkdol owfrSwfcsay;xm;onfh ajruGufvyfav;awGrSm ae=u&jcif;
jzpfonf? t&dyt f m0gouif;rJah eonfh vGiwf ;D acgirf mS jzpfovdk aexdik =f u&onfh b0yg?
trsm;pkrSm ,dkifeJ@eJ@ 0g;tdrf uav;rsm;udkaqmuf+yD; ae=u&wm jzpfonf? &Gmaygif;
27 &Gmu vlOD;a& 20000 ESpfaomif;wkd@onf ¹ywfodyfusyfnyfpGmjzifh avmu i&JwGif;
okd@ t&Sifvwfvwfusa&mufaeonfhyrm aexkdifcJh=u&avonf?
aEG rdk; &moDawGa&muf+yDqkdv#if 0rf;ysuf/ 0rf;azma&m*gESifh iSufzsm;a&m*g/
tla&mifief;zsm;a&m*grsm;a=umifh uav;/vl}uD; tawmfrsm;rsm; toufqkH;±_H; cJh=u&yg
onf? 'D=um;xJ rlv&Gmrsm;wGif usef&pfcJhonfh pyg;/ ajryJ/ ESrf;æpaom oD;ESHrsm;ukd
tjrefqkH; oGm;a&muf o,f,l =u&ygao;onf? olwkd@owfrSwfxm;onfhae&mrSmom
&duQmawGukd pkpnf;xm;&Sd&rnfqkdonfh ppfwyf.trdef@twkdif; &Gmom;rsm;crsm vkdufem
xm;&Sd=u&jcif; jzpfygonf? xkdr#omru ae@pOfae@wkdif; &Gmtvkduf w&Gmv#if &Gmom;
okH;av;OD;pDyg0if+yD; tvSnfhusoabmrsKd;jzifh ausmuf *lppfwyfpcef;.t&yfav;rsufESm

105
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
okH;rkdifc&D;ywfvnf{&d,mtwGif; vSnfhvnfppfaq;um awmfvSefa&;wyfrsm;.ajc&m
udk vkdufvH =unfh±_ &+yD; awG@rawG@ owif;ydk@=u&ygao;onf? nbuftcsdefrSmvnf;
&Gmtvdkuf vufeufryg tvSnfhus uif;apmifh=u&ygonf?
v,fvkyfcsdef ,mvkyfcsdef a&mufv#ifvnf; reuf 7 em&DrS aetdrfrsm;u
xGuf=u&onf? nae 5 em&DtcsdefrSm rdrdwdk@ aetdrftoD;oD;okd@ ta&mufjyef=u&
onf? ppfwyfu 'Dvdkpnf;urf;awG csrSwfxm;onfhtwGuf tdrfrS tvSrf;a0;uGmaom
v,f,majrwGif vkyfudkif=u&aomolrsm;rSm oGm;&jyef&ESifh tvkyfvkyfcsdef enf;yg;onfh
twGuf tcuf}uKH&jyefygao;onf? v,f,mvkyfief;cGifokd@ oGm;a&mufvkyfudkif=u
&onfhtcgwGifvnf; xrif;xkyf,lroGm;&/ aq;ayghvdyf oHk;vdyfxuf ydkr,l&/ opfom;
rD;jcpfqH ig;qHxuf ydkr,l& ponfhtrdef@pnf;urf;rsm;uvnf; &Sdaeygao;onf? 'DypPnf;
awG tydktv#H ,laqmifoGm;rdygu olykefoluefrsm;udk tm;ay;axmufcHol[k ajymqdk
+cdrf;ajcmufygao;onf? t&m&m ppfwyfu xdef;csKyfxm;vdk@ tdrfoltdrfom;rsm; ae@pOf
csufðywfpm;zdk@ qefudkyif ppfpcef;twGif; xkwf,lpm;aomufae=u&onfh b0yg?
'gawGtm;vHk;[m jzwfav;jzwf.'%f&m'%fcsufESifh tusKd;qufawGyJ
jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@uGefjrLepfygwD0ifawGESifh awmfvSefa&;wyfom;awGtzdk@ 'Dvkyf
&yfawGa=umifh wpHw k &m tcuftcJ&adS yr,fh &ifqikd af usmv
f m$ ;Edik yf gonf? u|eaf wmfw@kd rmS
a'ocHjynfolrsm;ESifh v#Kd@0SufqufoG,fr_rsm;&Sd=u+yD; ‚wdk@. t}uH^m%frsm;twdkif;
vdkufemaqmif&Guf=uonfhtwGufvnf; tckvdk ausmfv$m;EdkifcJhjcif; jzpfygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@. a'oqdkif&m oabmxm;ay:vpDudkvnf; ,ckuJhokd@ csrSwfcJh
ygao;onf?

oabmxm;ay:vpD t usOf ; ?

aus;&Gmvl}uD;rsm;taeESifh rsufESmESpfzufudk wòyifwnf; r#wpGm rsufESmrl=u

&ygrnf ? vG,fvG,fajym&v#if ysm;vnf;pGJom &SOfhvnf; av#mufom oabmxm;vkyf
[efudk usifhokH;zdk@yJ jzpfygonf? odk@aomfvnf; tiftm;}uD;ol. =oZmtm%mpufonf
ydkIpl;&Sxufjrufygvdrfhrnf? 'gudkvnf; todtrSwfðy&ygrnf? qdkvdkwmu EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&. tqifhqifhaom tm%mrsm;ESifh tvkyfrsm;ukdyg tav;xm;vkyf=u&rnf[k
qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf? awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawG.tvkyfudkvnf; vspfvsL±_xm;I
rjzpfyg?
'Doabmxm; ay:vpDudk p+yD;taumiftxnfazmfpu tawG@ tñuHr&Sdao;
onfhtavsmuf aus;&Gmvl}uD;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm rvkyfwwfrudkifwwf jzpf=u&yg
onf? wcsdK@&GmawGu &Gmvl}uD;ae&mukd tvSnfhusvkyfa&;qdk+yD; vkyfvmwmtxd

106
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
jzpfcJhygonf? 'DaemufrSmawmh vkyf&if;udkif&if; tvkyftawG@tñuHESifh b0ay;todt&
vkyfwwfudkif wwfjzpfvmygonf? aus;&Gmvl}uD;awGudk axmufulyHhydk;rnfh aus;&Gm
ud, k pf m;vS,Ef pS Of ;D udv
k nf; xyfraH &G;cs,I
f acgi;f aqmifr_ tiftm;udk jznfch =hJ u&ygonf?
'DtcgusrSyJ rsufESmESpfzuf(ESpfzufrsufESm ay:vpD) udk yDyDjyifjyif òyifwlðyrl v_yf&Sm;vm
Edkif=uygawmhonf?
u|efawmfwdk@. ESpfzufrsufESmoabmxm;ay:vpD.OD;wnfcsufrSm ajrpmyif
b0 a&muf&Sdae=uaom jynfolawGudk touf±_acsmif apzdk@yJ jzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh
jynfwGif;ppfrD;v#H=um;rSm tnyfcH=u&onfh aus;&Gmvl}uD;awG.b0udk oufomapvdk
onfh &nf&G,fcsufyJ jzpfygonf?
rqv tpd;k &. jzwfav;jzwf ppfa&;r[mAsL[m pDru H ed ;f onf tcsed =f umvm
onfESifhtr# tvkyfrjzpf/ xda&mufr_vnf; r&Sdyg? aemufqHk;awmh a'ocHjynfolawG
0dkif;0ef;qef@usif=ujcif;a=umifh ESpfESpfcef@ t=umrSmyJ rqv tpdk;&u tav#mhay;um
rodrom zsufodrf;cJh=uygonf? TonfrSm 1978 ckESpftwGif; (108) ppfa'o ajymuf
usm; e,fajrrSm &ifqdkifñuHawG@cJh&onfh jzwfav;jzwf ppfa&;tawG@tñuHwckudk wifjy
jcif; jzpfygonf? TtawG@t}uHKrSm a'ocH "Ek/ &Srf;/ yavmif jynfolawGomv#if
aoG;ac|;rsuf&nfaygif;rsm;pGm uscJh=u/ay;qyfcJh=u&aom tawG@ t}uKH jzpfygonf?
(4)
1979

'DESpfxJwGif yefqef;rSm wdk;csJ@A[dkaumfrwD tpnf;ta0; usif;ycJh ygonf?

'D t pnf ; ta0;u ,cif y gwD A [d k (yJ c l ; ±d k ; r) u csrS w f c J h a om ðzwf xk w f o wf
ygwD w nf a qmuf a &; ay:vpD t rS m ;ud k vH k ; 0 zsuf o d r f ; cJ h y gonf ? tvm;wl
&efolxdk;ppfudk igwdk@xdk;ppfESifh ±dkufcsKd;=uqdkonfh ppfa&;vrf;pOf trSm;udkvnf;
zsufodrf;cJh=uygonf?
'Dwdk;csJ@yefqef;A[dkaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;u oifhawmfonfh ygwD0if 0g&ifh
au'gwcsKd@udk A[dkaumfrwDESifh t&HA[dkaumfrwDrsm;tjzpf wdk;jr‡ifhwm0efay;onf[k
od&Sd&onf? 'Dtpnf;ta0;uyJ ygwDu a&S@vkyf aqmifoGm;rnfh vrf;pOf ay:vpDrsm;ESifh
ygwD&J@zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH Oya'pnf;rsOf;rsm;udkyg qHk;jzwf jyÏmef;cJhonf? Tt}udrf
tpnf;ta0;onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGuf wpHkw&m ta&;ygonf[k qdk&yg
rnf? yJcl;±dk;r&Sd A[dkXmecsKyfwGif OuUÏocifZifESifh twGif;a&;rSL;ocifcspfwdk@ ESpfOD;rSm
rqvtpdk;& ppfwyfrsm;.vufcsufjzifh usqHk;cJh=u&onf? 'DvdktajctaersdK;wGif
wdk;csJA[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; ac:qdkusif;ycJhonfrSm wygwDvHk;tzdk@ tusKd;&Sdygonf?
rSm;,Gif;onfh wabmxm;wcsKd@ESifh vkyf[efwcsKd@udkvnf; ðyjyifEdkifcJhI ygwD0ifrsm;tm;

107
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
tm;wuf&$ifvef;apygonf? okd@&mwGif 'Dtpnf;ta0;onf wESpfeD;yg;r# tcsdef=umcJh
onfqkdjcif;a=umifh jynfwGif;ppfESifh&ifqdkifae&aom ygwDtzdk@ tcsdef,lvGef;onf[k
qkd&ygrnf?
pnf;±Hk;zGJ@pnf;a&;rSm 'Dtpnf;ta0;uyJ A[dkXmecGJESpfckudk topfzGJ@pnf;
cJhygonf? ajrmufydkif;A[dkXmecGJ (Northem Bureau ) ESifh tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ (Cen-
tral Bureau) wdk@ jzpfonf? yefqef;wdk;csJ@ A[dkaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;+yD;onfhaemufrSm
wjynfvHk;&Sd tqifhqifhau'grsm;ESifh ygwD0ifrsm;udk csjyonfhaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;udk wzef
ðyvkyf=u&jyefygonf?
(108) ppfa'oeJ@ (683) w,fr[me,fajr&Sd au'gESifhygwD0ifawGudk topfzGJ@
pnf;cJhonfhtv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;u wm0ef,l=u&jcif; jzpfonf?
tv,fydkif;AsL±dkacgif;aqmifrsm; jzpf=uonfh &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;/ &JabmfwdkufatmifESifh
&Jabmfjrrif;wdk@u wm0ef,l=urSmjzpfI yefqef;rS (108) ppfa'ookd@ xdkyk*~dKvfrsm;
qif;vm=uygonf? acgif;aqmifyk*~dKvfoHk;OD;onf 1980 ckESpf w0dkufrSmyJ (108)
ppfa'o. aemifvHke,fokd@ a&muf&Sdvm=uygonf?
aemifvHke,f ta&S@jcrf;&Sd eef@vrf;jrpfab; awmwGif;wae&mrSm ,m,Dpcef;
ðy+yD; aum'gwcsKd@ESifh tpnf;ta0; ðyvkyfcJhonf? 'Dtpnf;a0;rSm 79 A[dkaumfrwD
tpnf;ta0; qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh ygwD. zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk pnf;rsOf;Oya' qHk;jzwfcsuf
rsm;udkyg &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;u aqG;aEG;ygonf? ‚tjyif tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJudk
wyfr[m (683) e,fajrwckv;kH ESihf tiftm;wckv;kH udyk g yg0ifap+yD; (108) ppfa'ovnf;
xnfhoGif;zGJ@pnf;xm;aom A[dkXmecGJ zGJ@pnf;yHkudkvnf; wifjyygonf?

tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ ((CENTRAL BUREAU))

(1) &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;- ygwDaumfrwD twGif;a&;rSL;ESifh EdkifiHa&;rSL;?
(2) &Jabmfwdkufatmif-ppfa&;wm0efcHwyfrSL;? 'k-ygwDaumfrwD twGif;
a&;rSL;?
(3) &Jabmfjrrif;- 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL;?
(4) &Jabmfcif!dk- XmerSL; - EdkifiHa&;Xme?
(5) &JabmfvDusKH;csef;- XmerSL; -ppfOD;pD;Xme?
(6) axmufyHhb¾mXme XmerSL;- udk;uef@ w±kwfvlrsKd;/ rlv (683)
wyfr[mrSL;?
(7) &JabmfvDppf±l -'k-XmerSL; EdkifiHa&;Xme?
(8) &Jabmfayguf,dkcsef;- 'k-XmerSL; ppfOD;pD;Xme?
(9) 'k-XmerSL;/ ppfOD;pD;Xme- udk;uef@ w±kwfvlrsKd; (,cif (683) wyfr[m

108
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
'k-wyfr[mrSL;) wdk@jzpf=uygonf?

xdktcsdefu tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ vufatmufrSm vufeufudkifwyfrsm;

tjzpfESifh rlv (683) wyfr[mvufatmufu wyf&if; (4) &if;/ ‚tjyif topfxyfrH
zGJ@pnf;cJhonfh wyf&if;yg aygif;v#if (5) &if;cef@ jzpfonf?
topfzGJ@pnf;onfh wyf&if;rSm òr@e,f (3) ckrS òr@e,fwyfrsm;udk pkzGJ@xm;jcif;
jzpfonff? ausmuf*lòr@e,fwyfudk cGJ (1) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ aemif0dk;òr@e,fwyfudk cGJ
(2) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ [dkcJòr@e,fwyfudk cGJ (3) tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wyf&if; (1) tjzpf
zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf? 'DzGJ@pnf;r_udk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh
rlt& vufcHoabmwl cJh=ujcif; jzpfonf? okd@&mwGif ‚wyf&if;opfonf vufawG@
wGif yDyDjyifjyif taumiftxnf jzpfrvmcJhacs? aemif0dk;òr@e,ftaejzifh 'Dwyf&if; zGJ@
pnf;r_udk olwm0ef,l&rnfhtydkif;wGif rwufrºu jzpfaeonf? aemif0dk;òr@ e,fwm0efcH
onf ‘0’ vlrsKd; wOD;jzpfonf? olonf vDppf±l acgif;aqmif onfh (4045) wyf&if;rSm
'k-cGJrSL;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhzl;ol wOD;jzpfonf? olonf wjcm;aom ‘0’ &Jabmfrsm;ESifh
rwlbJ jynfolvlxktay:/ atmuf ajcwyfom;xktay:rSm EdkifxufpD;eif; ðyrlqufqH
wwfol wOD;jzpfonf? ‚onf ae@nrjywf t&ufaomufpm; rl;±l;aewwfI pdwf
rxif&if rxifovdk vufeuftm;udk;ESifh ðyrlwwfavonf?
Tae&mwGif ol@ta=umif; vufawG@ jzpf&yfav;wckudk tvsOf;oifhojzifh
wifjyvdkygonf? &Srf;jynfwdk;wufa&;ygwD (Shan State Progress Party; SSPP)
e,fajrjzpfonfh erf@rvefa'orSm &Srf;vlrsKd;wkd@. ±dk;&mbmoma&;yGJawmfwck usif;y
cJh=uonf? 'DyGJwGif oDaygòr@rS &Srf;t+idrf@wckudk iSm;&rf;um ujyazsmfajzcJhonf? ywf
0ef;usif &Srf;&Gmtawmfrsm;rsm;u vma&muf=unfh±_=uonfhtwGuf tawmfpnfum;
onf[kqdkonf? t+idrfhu (2) n ujy&onfjzpf&m aemufqHk;n ujyt+yD; rdk;vif;I
t+idrfhyGJ±kyfodrf;&yfem;=uonf? ‚t+idrfhyGJudk Auy aemif0dk;òr@e,f wm0efcH‘0’
trsK;d om;onfvnf; aemufyg oH;k av;OD;ESit hf wl oGm;a&muf=unfo h nf[k =um;&onf?
rdk;vif;I t+idrfhyGJodrf;onfwGif olu t&ufrl;rl;ESifh t+idrfhpifay:wuf+yD; qufu&rnf
[k ajymonf? 'gudk teD;&Sd aumif;cH&GmrS ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf bkef;}uD;u tusKd;
ta=umif;ESifh awmif;yefygonf? xkd aemif0kd;òr@e,frS wm0efcH 0trsKd;om;u xdkq&m
awmfudk }udrf;armif;qJqdkum OD;acgif;udk usifi,fa&ESifh yef;onftxd ±dkif;jyapmf
um;cJhonf? xdkudpPudk rauseyfonfhtwGuf &Srf;jynfwdk;wufa&;ygwD (SSPP) xdyfydkif;
acgif;aqmifwOD;u Auy tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJwm0efcH &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;xH pma&;
wdkif=um;onftxd jzpfcJhonf? 'Djy\emudk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;zdk@ u|efawmhfudk &Jabmf
cifarmif}uD;u wm0efay;onfhtwGuf wm0ef,lajz&Sif;cJh&onf? aemufydkif;rSm

109
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
tao;pdwf azmfjyygrnf?
au'gtpnf;ta0;yGJ xdkifaepOfumvrSm jzpf&yfav;wckudk wifjycsifygao;
onf? aqG;aEG;yGJae&mESifh rvSrf;rurf; rdepf (30) cef@ tuGmrSm tpdk;&ppfwyfu wyfcGJ
(2) cGJyg tiftm;ESifh ppfa=umif;wa=umif; a&muf&Sdaeonfqkdaom owif;ukd owif;
=um;jzwf(Intercept) rS &&Sdvkdufonf[kqkdonf? &Jabmf wdkufatmif. ppfa&;t}uH
ay;&Jabmfu ppfoHk;ajryHkESifhtwl ajryHk!¸ef;ESifh wuG ol@xifjrift}uHay;csufukd pmyg
a&;+yD; &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;/ &Jbmf wdkufatmifwdk@ (2) OD;udk wifjyvmonf? Tppfa&;
t}uHay; &Jabmf.wifjycsuft& acgif;aqmif (2) OD;rSm tpnf;ta0;yGJudk acwW&yf
em;xm;um ppfoHk;ajryHkESifh tvkyf±_yfae=uonf? +yD;rS &Jabmfjrrif;/ vDusKH;csef;ESifh
u|efawmfudkyg ac:onf?
&Jabmfwdkufatmifu owif;eJ@ owif;oHk;oyfcsufudk ajymjyum ae&ma&$@zdk@
ajymvmygonf? 'DtcgrSm u|efawmfu 'Dowif;[m rjzpfEdkifyg? ppfa=umif; a&muf
aeonfhae&monf ajryHk!¸ef;t&qdku opfawmrsm;r&Sdyg? teD;tem;aus;&Gmrsm;u
t+rJwrf; oufi,f&dwfaewJh oref;awmyg? ppfa=umif;a&muf±dk;rSef&if &Gmom;rsm;ESifh
awG@=urnf? awG@v#if teD;tem;&GmawGu owif;vmydk@Edkifonf[k wifjyvkdufygonf?
wyfu&Jabmf (2) OD;udk t&yf0wfjzifh &Gmokd@v$wf+yD; pHkprf;cdkif;rnf? 'D&J
abmfESpfOD;jyefa&mufrS pcef;a&G@a&;udk pOf;pm;v#ifaumif;rnf[k ajymonfhtay:
oabmwl=uonf? &Gmokd@v$wfvdkufonfh &JabmfESpfOD; r=umrD jyefa&mufvm=uyg
onf? olwdk@ESpfOD;u oufi,fawmae&m ppfa=umif; ra&mufyg? tckyJ oufi,f&dwf+yD;
jyefvm=uonfh &Gmom;awGu ajymonf? wcsdK@qdk tJ'Dae&mrSmyJ usefae=uao;
onf[k ajymygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk;vnf; taerysuf tajcrysuf qufvufum aqG;aEG;yGJ
udk usi;f yEdik cf =hJ uonf? ppfa&;t}uHay; &Jabmf. oH;k oyfcsut
f & ae&ma&$@ ajymif;&ygu
vESifhcsDum vkyfief;rsm;&yfem;ae&rSm jzpfonf? tpdk;&ppfwyfawGrSm a=u;pm;wyf
rsm;yDyD ajryHk=unfh+yD; atmufu txufudkvdrf txufu atmufudknmæ txufESifh
atmuf tjyeftvSef vdrfnmae=uonfh a=u;pm;wyfawGqdkwmudk Tjzpf&yfu
txift&Sm; oufaojyaeygonf? u|efawmfwdk@tzdk@vnf; a0[ifrS &onfhowif;udk
ajrjyifESifhaygif;pyfrSom ,Hk=unfpdwfcs&onfhowif; jzpfEkdifonfqkdaom todw&m;udk
&&Sdvdkufygonf?
aemif0;kd òr@e,frLS ; ‘0’trsKd ;om;ta=umif;udk qufvufazmfjy ygrnf? olonf
t&yftarmif; ykyswfyswf&Sd+yD; udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfrSm rSefwrf;[k qkdEkdifygonf? touf
t&G,frSm (30) 0ef;usif&Sdygrnff? olonf ‘0’ trsKd;om;wOD;jzpfayr,fh w±kwfbm
ompum;ESifh &Srf;bmompum;rsm;udk tawmftwef em;vnfajymqdkEdkifygonf?

110
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ol@udktxufvl}uD;wOD;OD;u tvkyfwckck ckdif;apygu ol@enf;ol[efESifh rjzpfrae
vkyfaqmifay;ygvdrfhrnf? cdkif;aponfhyk*~dKvftzdk@ tm;&auseyfr_ rkcsraoG &&Sdygvdrfh
rnf? b,fvdktajctaerSmyJjzpfap a&bl;xJudka&ygvmrSmuawmh taotcsm jzpfyg
onf?
olonf aemif0dk;e,f nJhpif&Gmu &Srf;trsKd;orD;wOD;ESifh tdrfaxmifus+yD;
uav; (2) a,muf zatvnf; jzpfonf? 1982 ckESpfw0dkufrSm olonf yef,ef;buf
u &Srf;trsKd;orD;wOD;ESifhvnf; vlrodolrod wdwfwcdk;,lxm;ao;onf? vlrodolrod
qdkaomfvnf; tv,f ydkif;A[dkXmecGJu au'g}uD;wOD;jzpfonfh OD;aomif;wifuawmh
rodcsifayr,fh odvdkuf&onf? 'gudkpma&;+yD; tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ EdkifiHa&;rSL; jzpfonfh
&Jabmfcifarmif}uD;xH wifjycJhao;onf? 'Dwifjycsufpmudk OD;aomif;wiftaejzifh
T‘0’trsKd;om; òr@e,frSL;.tm%mpuf xufjrufr_udk jrifI aemufqkwf ±kyfodrf;
cJhonf[k od&onf? 'Dta=umif;udk OD;cifarmif}uD; odrodrajymwwfyg? u|efawmf
uawmh ,ae@txd acgif;xJ rSm usef&Sdaeao;onf?
u|eaf wmfonf &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;. wm0efay;csutf & aumif;cH&mG ausmif;
xdkifq&mawmfESifhoGm;a&mufawG@qHkygonf? q&mawmfudk tjzpftysuftay:rSm tEl;
tnGwf0efcsawmif;yef &Sdcdk;av#mufxm;cJhygonf? q&mawmfu “'um}uD;æ bkef;}uD;
&J@b00Éfºu;a=umifh jzpfvm &wmygæudpPr&Sdygbl;”[k ajymygonf? u|efawmfuquf+yD;
“q&mawmfbk&m;æwynfhawmfwdk@vla=umifh jzpf&wmyg? wynfhawmfwdk@vl[m
vlenf;pktrsKd;om;wOD;jzpfovdk Ak'<bmomeJ@ywfoufvdk@vnf; aocsm*% em;vnf
olr[kwfyg t&Sifbk&m;? 'D&Jabmfudk wynfhawmf wdk@tzGJ@rS xdkufoifhovdk ta&;,l
aqmif&Gufygr,fbk&m;? t&Sifbk&m;udk wynfhawmfwdk@tzGJ@tpnf;u aq;ukozdk@
twGuf aiGoHk;axmif (3000) udk vSL'gef;ygw,f? cGifhðyawmfrlygbk&m;” [kqdkum vSLcJhyg
onf? q&mawmfu “auseyfygw,f”qdkojzifh 'Djy\emrSm tqifhwqifht&awmh
ajyvnfatmif aqmif&GufvkdufEkdifonf[k xifrdygonf?
‚ ‘0’trsKd;om; òr@e,frSL;onf 1983 ckESpfrSm ol. rdbrsm;&Sd&m oHvGif
jrpfta&S@ yefqef;a'oudk cGifhjyefygonf? 'DcGifhudk u|efawmfuyJ tvG,fwulESifh cGifhðycJh
wmjzpfonf? xdktcsdefumvu tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrSm xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm; r&Sd=u
yg? yefqef;ygwDA[dk±Hk;okd@ a&muf&Sdae=ucsdef jzpfonf? tv,fydkif;A[dkXmwcGJwckvHk;udk
u|efawmfu wm0ef,lyg[k wm0efay;xm;onfhtwGuf wm0ef,lxm;&onfh umv
jzpfonf? xdkumvu tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ vufatmufrSm&Sd=uonfh ygwDwGif;
wyfwGif;tajctaerSm ajymr,HkEdkifatmifyif qdk;&Gm;aeygonf? wyfwGif;ygwD.
tcef;u¾onf vHk;0eD;yg; tvkyfrvkyfEdkifyJ &Sdaeygonf? wyfwGif;rSmvnf; *dk%f;*%
rsKd;pHkESifh rauseyfonfhvkyf[efaygif;pHku ae&mwdkif;rSm xif[yfjyoaeaom tajc

111
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
taejzpfonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ wyfawGrSm jynfol@wyfrawmf. aumif;jrwfonfh tpOftvm
awG wdrfðryf+yD; a'ocHjynfolawGtay:rSm xifovdk AdkvfustEdkifusifhonfh vkyf&yfawG
u v$rf;rdk;vmaeonf? ppfbk&if0g'ESifh rif;rJh0g'wkd@ wòyifwnf; ay:aygufvmonf?
ygwDu wyfudk trdef@ay;vdk@r&onfhtjyif wyfuom ygwDudktusyfudkif Adkvfusvm
onf? wyf&if;wdkif; òr@e,fwdkif; raumif;aom tedÏm±HkawGjzpfonfh avmif;upm;yGJrsm;/
t&ufaopm aomufpm;yGJrsm;/ pD;yGm;a&;t& jynfolawGtay:rSm tEdkifusifh aps;ESdrf
onfh ta&mif;t0,ftvkyfrsm; ay:vmygonf? wzufrSmvnf; tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;u
tqufrjywf ppfa&;xdk;ppf}uD;§i,f rsm;udk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJe,fajrrSm ðyvkyfae
ygonf?
u|efawmfonf txufrSm azmfjycJhaom tajctaersm;atmufwGif tv,f
ydkif; A[dkXmecGJ&Sd wyf&if; (4) &if;ESifh òr@e,f (4) ckudk wm0ef,lacgif;aqmifae&jcif; jzpf
onf? u|efawmf.acgif;aqmifr_wm0efonf f0g;vHk;acgif;xJrSm qifacgif;0if&ovkdrsKd;
jzpfaeonf[k qdk&ygrnf? 'D=um;xJrSm vlrdkufvl&rf;um; wyf&if;au'gwcsKd@.
tusyfudkifr_/ vlv$wfI vufeufESifh +cdrf;ajcmufr_rsm;yg ñuHawG@&ifqdkifcHcJh&ygao;onf?
u|efawmfudk,f u|efawmfvnf; 'Dumv 'DtajctaerSm ig[m tcsdefae&m
ra&G; acgi;f jywfomG ;Ekid o
f nf[k wGuq f xm;ygonf? tawG@tñuH&cdS hJ ñuHczhJ ;l onft
h wGuf
jzpfygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ (108) ppfa'ob0u avhusifharG;jrL ysKd;axmifvmcJhaom
rdkif;,Gif; rdkif;vefa'ou &Srf;vlrsKd;wyfcGJ au'gwOD;jzpfonfh &Jabmfaomfu tvkyf}uH
cHcJh&ygonf? 'D&Jabmfonf ±dk;om;ajzmifhrwf+yD; vlxkESifh wom;xJusatmif aexdkif
wwfol jzpfonf? olonf tvkyfwm0efukd }uKd;pm;vkyfudkifwwf+yD; a'ocHjynf
olawGu av;pm;cspfcif=uonfh &JabmfwOD;vnf; jzpfonf? ‚udk rdkif;,Gif;acsmif;
tul;wae&mrSm olESifhol@tul&Jabmfudkyg acsmif;ajrmif;ypfcwf vkyf}uHowfjzwfcJh=u
ygonf? tvm;wl &Jabmf0gvdrfonfvnf; tpteray:bJ aysmufqHk;oGm;cJhygonf?
TonfrSm 1983 ckESpfw0dkufu jzpfygonf? topfzGJ@pnf;cJhonfh wyf&if; (1) .
wyf&if; au'g (2) OD;jzpfaom &Jabmfoef;0if;/ &JabmfxeG ;f vif;wd@k (2) OD;onf tif;av;
vlrsKd;rsm;jzpf+yD; ‚wdk@ (2) OD;onfvnf; wdkufyGJrsm;twGif; usqHk;oGm;=uonf?
olwdk@vnf; *dk%f;*%.v_dif;wHydk;awG=um;rSm v_dif;tykwfcHb0ESifh ñuHcJh=u&zl;onf?

112
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
1985

xdkESpfxJwGif &Jabmfjrrif; yefqef;A[dk±Hk;toGm;rSm c&D;}uHKonfESifh u|efawmf

olESifhawG@+yD; tusKd;ta=umif;ajymum twlvdkufygoGm;cJhygonf? 'DumvawGu
u|eaf wmfonf use;f rma&; ody+f yD;raumif;vSyg? ESv;kH aoG;a=umusO;f a&m*grsK;d cHpm;ae&
ygonf? yefqef;a&mufrS aq;ppf=unfah wmh a&m*gtajctae taotcsmrodbJ jzpfae
onf?
&Jabmfcifarmif}uD;/ &Jabmfjrrif;wdk@u u|efawmfudkac:+yD; “1985 ckESpfxJrSm
ygwDA[dktaeeJ@ jynfvHk;qdkif&m ygwDuGef*&ufudk usif;yrSm jzpfw,f? 'DuGef*&ufudk
tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJtaeeJ@ wyf&if;wyfzGJ@toD;oD;u uGef*&ufudk,fpm;vS,frsm;
a&G;cs,fum wuf=u&rSmjzpfw,f? yef;qef;/ em;avmheJ@ ‘0’ ajrmufa'owcsKd@rSm
au'gwcsKd@eJ@ ygwD0ifwcsKd@a&muf&Sd ae=uw,f? wcsKd@u tvkyfwm0eft&jzpf+yD;
wcsKd@u rdbeJ@ZeD;r,m; om;orD;rsm;xHudk cGifheJ@a&mufae=uwm jzpfw,f? tJ'D au'g
ygwD 0 if a wG u d k pk p nf ; um 1985 ck E S p f usif ; yðyvk y f r ,f h wwd , t}ud r f a jrmuf
ygwDuGef*&ufudk wuf=u&r,fh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a&G;=u&r,f? 'DtwGuf tpnf;
ta0; ðyvkyfzdk@vdkw,f? tpnf;ta0;udk em;avmh&GmrSm vkyfoifhw,f? 'gudk &Jabmf
jrrif;/ &Jabmfcif!dk/ vDppf±lwdk@u wm 0ef,laqmif&Gufyg”[k wm0efay;vmonf?
u|efawmfonf ‚wm0efudk OD;jrrif;/ vDppf±lwdk@ESifhtwl aqmif&GufcJh&onf?
uGef*&ufwufrnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,f=u&mrSm Armjynf uGefjrLepf
ygwD.zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;yg tcef; (3) yk'fr (31) eJ@ (40) (41) rsm;t&
vkyfaqmif=u&ygonf? tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ udk,fpm;ðy uGef*&uf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
tjzpf u|efawmf (cif!dk)/ vDppf±l/ ayguf,dkcsef;ESifh wyf&if;wyfzGJ@ toD;oD;rS au'g
ygwD0ifwcsKd@udk a&G;cs,fcJh=uygonf?
u|efawmf (cif!dk)udk tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrS uGef*&ufwuf a&muf=urnfh
udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@acgif;aqmiftjzpf a&G;ygonf? em;avmhtpnf;ta0;u ygwDuGef
*&ufwufa&muf=urnfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,f&mrSm aemif0dk;òr@e,frSL; ‘0’trsKd;
om;vnf; yg0ifvmygonf? 'gudk u|efawmfu [ef@wm;uef@uGufcJhonfhtwGuf
xkdaemif0kd;òr@e,frSL; 0trsKd;om;rSm uGef*&uf wufa&muf&rnfh udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS
ðywfoGm;ygonf? 'Dtcsdef'DumvawGu ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD.ygwDwGif; tajc
taerSm u|efawmfu xkdòr@e,frSL; ‘0’trsKd;om;udk uGef*&ufudk,f pm;vS,ftjzpfu
qef@usifuef@uGufonfh tvkyfrsKd;udk b,fau'g b,fygwD0ifrsKd;urS vkyf=urnfh
tajctaer&Sdyg? 'grSr[kwf ,if;okd@ vkyfrnfholrsKd; enf;yg;&Sm;yg; ygvdrfhrnf? u|efawmf
uawmh trSeftwdkif; vkyfwm jzpfonf? ab;tEW&m,f&Sdr&Sd tav;rxm; rpOf;pm;bJ

113
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vkyfcJhjcif; jzpfonf?
u|efawmfonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD wwd,t}udrfajrmuf ygwDuGef*&uf
okd@ wufa&mufcJh&onfh ordkif;0ifudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;[k qdkEdkifygonf? 'DuGef*&ufrSm
tjypftemtqmESifh csKd@,Gif;tm;enf;csufrsm; &SdEdkifaomfvnf; Armjynf uGefjrLepf
ygwD.ordkif;wGif 1945 ckESpf Zlvdkifvu &efukefrSm usif;ycJhonfh 'kwd,t}udrf ygwD
uGef*&uf usif;y+yD;aemufykdif; wwd,t}udrfajrmuf usif;y&onfh uGuf*&ufjzpfaom
a=umifh rSwfwrf;wif=u&rnfh ordkif;0if uGef*&ufwckvdk@ qdk&ygrnf?
TuGef*&ufwGif u|efawmfonf tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJu uGef*&ufudk
wufa&muf=uonfh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@.acgif;aqmiftaeESifha&m udk,fpm;vS,f wOD;
taeESifhyg wufcJh&onfhtwGuf wu,fhukd *k%f,l0rf;ajrmufrdcJhygonf? u|efawmf
tzkd@ yxrqHk;aom uGef*&uftawG@tñuHvnf; jzpfygonf? 'DuGef*&ufrSm A[dkaumf
rwDu EdkifiHwumtajctaeESifh jynfwGif;tajctaersm;udk aygif;±Hk;oHk;oyfum
tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifoGif;ygonf? uGef*&ufwufa&mufvm=uonfh udk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;taejzifh 'DtpD&ifcHpmtay:rSm tcef;u¾tvdkuf rdrdwdk@. tpktzGJ@rsm;twGif;
aqG;aEG;=u&ygonf? +yD;ygu oabmwlrwl uGJvGJcsuf &Sdr&SdESif/h &Sdygu b,ftcef;
b,fu¾rSm &Sda=umif;udk tpnf;ta0;cef;rrSm tm;vHk; jyefvnfpkpnf;=uaom
tcsdefwGif wifjy=u&ygonf? 'DtcgrSm wm0ef&Sdaom uGef*&ufobmywdtzGJ@0if
wOD;OD;u jyefvnf&Sif;vif; aqG;aEG;ygonf?
u|efawmfonf uGef*&ufudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;taejzifh A[dkaumf rwDrS
wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpmtay:rSm rdrd.oabmxm;tjrifudk yGifhvif;±dk;om;pGm wifjycJh
ygonf? u|eaf wmfwifjycsurf mS txl;ojzifh vuf&adS wmfveS af &;tajctae oH;k oyfcsuf
tay:rSm jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh awmfvSefa&;'Da&twuftus jy\emtay:rSm
rdrdtjrifukd wifjycJhjcif; jzpfonf?
rSwfrdor#udk jyefvnfwifjy&v#if A[dkaumfrwDu “rsufarSmuf awmfvSef
a&;tajctaerSm 'Da&jrifhESifh 'Da&edrfhumv (2) ckwkd@.=um;rSm wnf&Sdaeaom tajc
taersKd; jzpfonf”[lI azmfjyxm;ygonf? 'gudk &JabmfvDeifESifh &JabmfarmfpDwkef;wkd@
. rdef@cGef;=o0g'rsm;ESifh udk;um;um oabmw&m;tjrifjzifh &Sif;jyxm;ygonf?
u|efawmfu 'Dtjrifudk vufrcHa=umif;ESifh rsufarSmufawmfvSefa&; tajc
taerSm 'Da&jrifhvnf;r[kwf/ 'Da&edrfhvnf; r[kwf/ 'D (2) ck=um;u tajctaersKd;
qkdonfrSm vHk;0rSm;,Gif;onf/ wu,fhtajctaerSm 'Da&edrfhumv vHk;vHk;jzpfonf-
qdkwmudk wkd&Sif;±dk;pif;pGm oabmw&m;tukd;tum;awG rygbJ jymqdkwifjycJhygonf?
'DtcgrSm tpnf; ta0;cef;raqmif&Sd udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u rodrom ESmacgif;±_H@
=uygonf? xdktjrif xdkt,ltqrSm wwd,t}udrfajrmuf jynfvHk;qdkif&m ygwDuGef

114
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
*&ufwGif udk,fpm;vS,faygif;rsm;pGmteuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; u|efawmfwOD; wa,muf
wnf;om &Sdaeonfhtjrif[k ,lq&ygonf? 'Djzpf&yfudk uGef*&ufudk,fpm;vS,f
awmf}uD;rsm;teuf ,ckwkdif toufxif&Sm; &Sd=uolwdkif;u rSwfrdae=uvdrfhrnf
xifygonf?
TuGef*&ufu topfa&G;cs,frnfh A[dkaumfrwDpm&if;xJu u|efawmhf
trnfudk qENrJjzifh z,f&Sm;cJhygonf? rqef;vSyg? uGef*&ufrSm udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;
taejzifh u|efawmf wufºupGm yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJhygonf? ta=umif;wkdufqkdifojzifh
TuGef*&ufumvtwGif; u|efawmfvkyfaqmifcJhaom omrefto;tr$m; tvkyfav;
wckta=umif;udkyJ ajymqdkwifjyvdkygao;onf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. wwd,
t}udrf jynfvHk;qdkif&m ygwDuGuf*&ufwGif y%mrtzGifh aw;oDcsif;pmom;wcsKd@udk
u|efawmf a&;cJhygonf? 'gudkuGef*&uft+yD; aemufqHk;&ufrSm uGef*&ufusif;ya&;
aumfrwDu *k%fðycsifonfqkdI u|efawmfhtm; zdwfac:ygao;onf? u|efawmf rwuf
a&mufbJ aecJhygonf? ta=umif;uawmh u|ef awmfa&;cJhonfh oDcsif;pmom;awGudk
zsuf+yD; uGef*&ufudk,fpm; vS,fwcsKd@u uGef*&ufusif;yaepOfrSmyif t&uf0dkif;rsm;rSm
tckvdkqdkwmudk =um;&aoma=umifh jzpfygonf?
rlvaw;oDcsif;pmom;wcsKd@rSm “jynfvkH;ae&mtESH@u udk,fpm;vS,fawG
pHknDwufa&muf=u v_dufvSJ0rf;om qD;óu*k%fðy&”[k yg&Sdonf? xdkpm;om;rsm;udk
zsufum tckvdkqdk=uygonf? “jynfvHk;ae&mtESH@u udk,fpm;vS,fawG pHknDwuf
a&muf=u/ aomuf=u rl;=u tm;yg;w&” wJh? pHðy&rnfh uGef*&ufudk,fpm; vS,fawmf
}uD;rsm;qdkwmudk Tjzpf&yfu odomapygonf? udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk; r[kwfyg?
taumif;eJ@tqdk; ta=umif;eJ@tusKd;qdkwm obm0uspGm &Sdwwfp+rJyg? 'gudk uGef
*&uf u d k , f p m;vS , f w OD ; taeeJ @ u|ef a wmf h u d k , f a wG @ jzpf & yf r S e f waph w apmif ; ud k
a&;om;azmfjyvkdufjcif; jzpfygonf?
uGef*&uf}uD;uawmh atmifjrifpGm +yD;qHk;oGm;ygonf? wwd,t}udrf
ajrmuf ygwDuGef*&uftjzpfESifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD. ordkif;rSwfwrf;xJrSm armfuGef;
urŠnf; wifcJh=u+yD; jzpfygonf?

1982
cG i f h v $ w f a pcsif o nf ?

T 1982 udk csefvSyfxm;cJhI rjzpfyg? TESpfonf u|efawmfb0twGuf

rSwfwdkif[k qdk&ygrnf? u|efawmhfta=umif;udk a&;v#if u|efawmf@ZeD;ta=umif;ygrS
ydkIpHkvifjynfhpHkygrnf? u|efawmfonf rdrd.ZeD; tay:wGif wm0ef0wW&m; taºu;

115
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rsm;pGm wif&Sdaeygonf? vlb0rSm vlwdkif;onf tºu;rsm;wif&Sdaewwf=uygonf?
xdktaºu;rsm;rSm a,bk,staeESifh qdk&v#if atmifygtcsufrsm; jzpfygvdrfhrnf?
(1) OpPmaºu; (2) &efaºu;/ (3) cspfaºu;/ (4) 0Ëfaºu;/ (5) E_wfuwdESifh
wm0ef0wW&m; taºu;rsm;[lI qdk&ygrnf? u|efawmfwif&Sdaom taºu;onf OpPm
aºu;vnf;r[kwf? oHo,m0Ëfaºu;vnf; r[kwfyg? wif&Sdaom taºu;rsm;rSm wm0ef
ESifh 0wW&m;tºu;rsm; jzpfygonf? ,if;tºu;rsm;onf rnfI rnfr#wif&Sdoenf;[k
ar;vmv#if taocsFteEW[k ajym&rvdk jzpfaeygonf?
u|efawmf.ZeD; rrdk;(c) rcdkifta=umif;udk tusOf;±Hk;rdwfqufjyzkd@ vdkygvdrfh
rnf? odk@rSom u|efawmfb0ta=umif;udk ydkrdkem;vnfEdkifrnf[k ,lqygonf?
rrdk;onf Armjynfa&mufw±kwfvlrsKd;zcifESifh ydk;u&ifvlrsKd; rdcifwdk@rS arG;zGm;
vmaom ArmvlrsKd;r[kwfaom Arm[kqdk&ygvdrfhrnf? olronf zcifw±kwfvlrsKd;.
bmompum;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;/ rdcifydk;u&ifvlrsKd;. bmompum;ukdaomfvnf;
aumif; aumif;pGmrwwfyg? tenf;tusOf;r#om em;vnf em;axmifwwfol jzpfonf?
olronf Armpmudkrl qÏrwef;txd pmoifausmif;rSmaecJh&I wwfonf[k qdk&yg
rnf? xdk@a=umihf ArmvlrsKd;r[kwfaom jrefrmvlrsKd;[k ajymjcif;om jzpfygonf?
rrdk;onf i,fpOfumv rdbrsm;ESifhtwl jrpf0u|ef;ay:a'orSm aexdkifcJh
ygonf? xdkrSwqifh yJcl;wdkif; anmifav;yifòr@e,fbufokd@ ajymif; a&$@vm=uygonf?
anmifav;yifòr@ESifh wrdkifcef@tuGm&Sd wl;acsmif;aus;&GmwGif tajccsum aexdkifygonf?
xdk&Gmonf anmifav;yifrS ra'gufodk@ oGm;aom rD;&xm;oHvrf;ab;rSm wnf&Sdaom
&Gmjzpfonf? xdk&GmwGif aexdkifpOf q,fpkESpfwckt=umrSm rrdk;.zcif w±kwfvlrsKd;onf
a&m*ga0'emESihf qH;k yg;oGm;onf[k od&onf? ,if;aemuf rrd;k .rdcif yd;k u&if trsKd ;orD;
onf ESpftwef=umaomtcg aemufxuftdrfaxmif xyfrHI xlaxmifonf[k qdk
onf?
xdk@ aemuftdrfaxmifonf ArmvlrsKd;jzpf+yD; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD anmif
av;yifòr@e,frS òr@e,faumfrwD0ifwOD;[k qdkygonf? rdcifESifh zcif (yaxG;) wdk@u awmf
vSefa&;orm;rsm; jzpf=uovkd uGefjrLepfygwD. tzGJ@0ifrsm;vnf; jzpfygonf? ,if;
a=umifh rrdk;onfvnf; awmfvSefa&;orm;tjzpf uGefjrLepfygwD.atmifvHawmf
atmuf a&muf&SdvmcJh&oljzpfonf? olronf yJcl;±dk;r&Sd ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[dk
XmecsKyf.aq;XmewGif aq;vkyfom;wOD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhygonf?
1966§67 ESpfumvrsm;avmufu[k xifygonf? tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;.
atmifpdk;rdk; ppfqifa&;twGif; yJcl;±dk;rawmifay:wae&mwGif aq;vkyfom; tjcm;trsdK;
orD; &JabmfwcsdK@ESifhtwl rrkd;onf tpdk;&ppfwyf. zrf;qD;jcif;udkcHchJ&ygonf? T
atmifpdk;rdk; ppfqifa&; xdk;ppfonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD XmecsKyfudk OD;wnfaom

116
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
ppfqifa&;jzpfonf? xdkppfqifa&;twGif; rrdk;wdk@. aq;Xmevnf; acsr_ef;cHcJh&ygonf?
rrd;k onf &efuek f tif;pdet
f rsK;d orD; tusO;f axmifo@dk tyd@k c&H +yD; axmif '%f (2) ESpef ;D yg;
tuscHcJh&ygonf?
axmifrSvGwfvm+yD;aemufwGif rrdk;ukd a':=unf=unfu (a': =unf=unfrSm
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDOuUÏ ocifZif.ZeD; jzpfonf) &efukef&Sd ‚.aetdrfwGif
ac:xm;ygonf? rrdk;.zcif (yaxG;) anmifav;yifòr@e,f aumfrwD0ifrSm ygwDwGif;
(ðzwfxw k of wf) wGif towfccH &hJ ygonf? xd@k a=umifh ‚.rdcifrmS ygwED iS ahf wmfveS af &;rS
EkwfxGufum t&yfom;b0ESifh rlvaexdkifchaJ om &GmrSmyif jyefvnfaexdkifonf[k qdkyg
onf?
a':=unf=unfonf rrdk;udk awmfvSefa&;rsKd;quftjzpf qufvufI ðypkysKd;
axmifay;ygonf? Tonfudk rrdk;.rdcifu oabmrawG@vSyg? odk@aomf &yfaqG&yf
rsKd;wOD;vdk cspfcifav;pm;aom a':=unf=unfjzpfI uef@uGuf[ef@xm;jcif;awmh rðyvkyf
yg? rrdk;onf a':=unf=unf. pnf;±Hk;ynmay;r_t& vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;twGif;
wzefjyefvnfyg0if&ef tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJokd@ 1980 ckESpfw0dkufrSm a&muf&Sdvm
ygonf?
TumvwGif u|eaf wmfonf tv,fyikd ;f A[dXk mecG&J dS Edik if aH &;XmerSm XmerSL;
tjzpf wm0ef,laeygonf? xdk@tjyif ajratmufvkyfief;Xmeudkvnf; wGJbufwm0ef
,lcJh&ygonf? ,if;a=umifh òr@ay:rSa&muf&Sd vm=uaom usm;§r &Jabmftm;vHk;rSm
u|efawmfESifh wdkuf±dkufqufoG,f qufqH=u&ygonf? a':=unf=unfonf rrdk;udk
yefqef;A[dkodk@ ydk@ay;&ef rSm=um;vmygonf? TrSm=um;csufudk yefqef;&Sd ygwDA[dkodk@
u|efawmfonf a=u;eef;jzifh wqifhwifjy tpD&ifcHcJhygonf?
tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrS yefqef;&SdygwDA[dk±Hk;okd@ oGm;vm&onfhc&D;rSm
vG,fulvSaom c&D;r[kwfyg? c&D;ua0;+yD; obm0twm;tqD;rsm;vnf; rsm;jym;
ygonf? txl;ojzifh oHvGifjrpfonf }uD;pGmaom twm;tqD;wck jzpfaeygonf?
xdk@tjyif tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;. ppfpcef;rsm;ESifh umuG,fa&;wyfrsm;.pcef;rsm;vnf;
tESH@tjym;&Sdaeygonf? oHvGifjrpf . urf;wzufwcsuf&Sd vrf;tqif;twufrsm;ESifh
awmawmifrsm;rSm axmifxm;aom ajrðryfAkH;rsm;uvnf; &maxmifru &Sdaeygonf?
tpdk;&ppfwyfawGa&m awmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@ toD;oD;wdk@uyg axmifxm;=uaom AkH;rsm;
jzpfygonf?
tvkyfwm0efjzifh tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJrS yefqef;okd@ oGm;=u&aom wyfzGJ@
rsm;rSm tenf;qHk; wdkufcdkufa&;tiftm; wyfpkwpkcef@yg&Sdzdk@ vdktyfygonf? odk@rSom
vrf;wGiñf uHawG@&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk aumif;rGepf mG ajz&Si;f Edik yf grnf? xd@k a=umifh rrd;k udk
yefqef;A[dk±Hk; ydk@a&;rSm c&D;vrf;tqifajyonftxd apmifhqdkif;jyif&jcif; jzpfonf?

117
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
Tod@k apmifah e&aom tcsed u f mvtwGi;f rrd;k udk tv,fyikd ;f A[dXk mecGJ Edik if aH &;XmewGif
oihaf vsmaf om vkyif ef;wm0efwck ay;xm;ygonf? xdw k m0efrmS a=u;eef; qufo, G af &;
Xme. 0Sufpmudkifaomwm0ef jzpfygonf?
u|efawmfonf tvkyfwm0efjzifh aemifvHke,fbufokd@ vHkðcHa&; tapmifh
wyfpdwfESifhtwl c&D;xGuf&ygonf? Tc&D;rSm rrdk;vnf; yg0ifygonf? aemifvHka'o
ta&mufrSm awmwGif;wae&mudka&G;+yD; u|efawmfwdk@ pcef;cs&yfem;=uygonf? pcef;cs
&yfem;aom ae&mw0dkufrSm aus;&GmwcsdK@ rvSrf;rurf;wGif &Sdaeygonf? u|efawmfwdk@
onf rnfonfhtcsdefumvrqdk a,bk,stm;jzifh &Gmrsm;rSm pcef;cs+yD; tdyfem;avh
r&Sd=uyg? ta=umif;rSm ajymufusm;a'ojzpfI tcsdeftcgra&G; tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;
&Gmrsm;udk a&muf&SdvmEdkifI jzpfonf? a&muf&Sdvmygu &GmtwGif; wdkufyJjG zpfv#if xdk&Gm
onf rsm;pGmxdcdkufepfemwwfygonf?
u|efawmfESifhtwl tapmihfygvmaomwyfpdwfrS wyfom;&Jabmfrsm;rSm
teD;tem;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;okd@ c%wðzwf oGm;a&muf vnfywfvdk=uonf? xdk@a=umifh
‚wyfom;rsm;udk &GmrSmnrtdyfbJ vnfywf&ef cGifhay;&ygonf? pcef;rSm u|efawmfESifh
rrdk;ESpfOD;omv#if pcef;apmifhtjzpfESifh usef&Sdum tm;vHk;tvnfoGm;=uygonf? rrdk;
(c) rcdkifonf ‚.opfcufrsm;rdk;xm;aom wJuav;twGif;rSm vJavsmif;um pm
zwfaeygonf?
u|efawmfonf xdkodk@aom tcGifhta&;rsKd;udk ar#mfvifhaeolwOD; [k qdkv#if
vnf; rSm;rnfrxifyg? u|efawmfESifhrcdkifwdk@onf wlnDaom EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csuf
yef;wdkifudk vrf;a=umif;wckxJrSmyif twlwuG av#mufvSrf;ae=uolrsm;jzpfonf?
‚tjyif ESpfOD;pvHk;onf vGwfvyfuif;&Sif;=uolrsm;jzpfovdk taoG;tom;rsm;jzifh
wnfaqmufxm;=uaom ykxkpOfvlom;rsKd;EG,frsm;vnf; jzpfonf? vlom;wdk@onf
wOD;ESifh wOD; twlwuG eD;uyfpGmaexdkif=u&v#if oHa,mZOf óu;r#ifav;rsm;onf
yifhultdrfozG,f qufoG,f&pfywf zGJ@aESmifwwf=uygonf? Tonf vlom;rsm;.
obm0wˆ[k qdk&rnfxifygonf?
u|efawmfonf ±dk;om;pGm0efcH&v#if rcdkiftay:rSm wdwfwcdk; arwWm&Sd
aerdygonf? Tonfudk rsKdodyfatmifhtnf; rxm;bJ zGifh[ajymqdk&ef óu;pm;&ygrnf?
u|efawmfonf udk,fhudk,fudk &Jaq;wifum r0Hhr&Jaom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh rckdif&Sdaom
opfcwfwJav;qDokd@ vSrf;csDcJhygonf? rckdifonf u|efawmfvmaeonfudk jrifI
vJavsmif;pmzwfae&mu xxdik u f m vSr;f +yD; “Edik if aH &;rSL; b,fomG ;rSmvJ”[k ar;vmyg
onf? xdktcg u|efawmfonf “cifAsm;qDyJ vmwm”[kajymum opfcufwJav;twGif;
0if x d k i f v d k u f y gonf ? u|ef a wmf a &m rcd k i f y g bmpum;rS rajymEd k i f = ubJ acwW r #
+idrfaeygonf? +yD;vsif u|efawmfonf rdrd. &nf&G,fcsufudk t aumiftxnfazmf&ef

118
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
óu;pm;&ygawmhonf? odk@aomf ajymrnfhpum;rsm;rSm toHrxGufbJ vnfacsmif;xJrSm
wpfqdk@aeygonf? renf;tm;wif; óu;pm;um ajymvdkufygonf? u|efawmfajymqdkaom
pum;vHk;rsm;rSm wHk;wdwJhwkd;EdkifvSygonf? “rcdkifudk u|efawmfcspfae+yD”wJh? Ttcg
rcdkifonf acgif;udkiHk@um pum;csufjcif; jyefrajymEdkifbJ jzpfoGm;avonf? twef=umrS
acgif ; iH k @ &mu“a':a':u (a':=unf = unf u d k qd k v d k o nf ) awmf v S e f a &;vk y f z d k @
v$wfvkdufwm”[k ajymygonf? TtcgrSm u|efawmfonf xyfrHpOf;pm;um tajzay;yg
&ef ajymqdkI TopfcufwJuav;twGif;rS xGufcGmum rdrdwJ&Sd&mudk aES;auG;aom
ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh qkwfppfqifcJh&ygawmhonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf aemifvHke,frS tvkyfwm0efrsm; +yD;pD;I eef@vefe,f
bufudk jyefvnfcsDwufcJh=uonf? eef@vefjrpfab;ta&mufrSm &efol@owif;wck
t&yfom;xHrS od&I u|efawmfwdk@onf c&D;rqufbJ &yfvdkuf=uonf? xdkjrpfab;
awmwGif;wae&mrSma&G;+yD; ,m,Dpcef;cs ntdyf=uygonf? &JabmfESpfa,mufudk
t&yf0wft&yfpm;ESifh &GmwcsdK@udkv$wf+yD; owif;pHkprf;&ygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@tpkonf nbufrSm uif;ESpfae&mcJGI apmifh&ef vdktyfygonf?
vltiftm;rvHkavmufI u|efawmfa&m rcdkifyg uif;0ifI apmifh=u&ygonf? rcdkif.
uif;tvSnfht+yD;rSm u|efawmfonf xdkae&mudk tpm;xdk; uif;0ifapmifh&ygonf?
xdktcgrSm u|efawmfonf uif;wm0ef vJ&if; wzef rcdkifudktajzay;&ef awmif;cHyg
onf? u|efawmf. vkyf&yfonf vrf;ab;&Sd u|wfowW0grsm;vdk toH=um;&mrSef;+yD;
tirf;r& vdkufwG,fwwfovdk jzpfaeavonf? rcdkifonf xdktcgrSm “u|efrpOf;pm;+yD;
yg+yD? vdkcsifwJhtajz&ygvdrfhr,f? tckuif;apmifhaewJh ae&mrSm =um=um pum;ajymvkd@
roifhyg”[kqdkum xGufcGmoGm;avonf?
u|efawmfonf rdrd.uif;wm0ef+yD;I tdyf&mokd@ jyefvmum yufvufvSefI
rtdyfEdkifbJ pdwful;zJcsyfrsm;udk wcsyf+yD;wcsyf arSmufvSefum zJupm;aeygawmhonf?
Tpdwful;zJcsyfrsm;wGif tcspfqdkonfrSm &,lydkifqdkifjcif;vm;/ ay;qyfjcif;vm;qdkaom
'\ezJcsyfrsm;vnf; yg&Sdaeavonf? Todk@jzifh xdknrSm rdk;vif;oGm;ygawmhonf?
aemufwae@reuf xrif;pm;aomuf+yD;aemufwGif xl;jcm;aom owif;r&SdI
XmecGJ±Hk;&Sd&mudk csDwufcJh=uygonf? u|efawmfonf ygvmaompD;jrif;udkrpD;bJ &Jabmf
rsm;ESifhtwl ajcvsifav#mufygonf? u|efawmhf .v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onf cgwdkif;ESifhrwl
oGufvufayghyg;aeygonf? Tonfudk u|efawmfESifhrcdkif ESpfOD;rSty rnfolr# &dyfpm;
rd=urnf rxifyg? oGm;vm csDwuf&mvrf;rSmvnf; u|efawmfonf rcdkif=um;Edkifaom
avoHESifh taemufeef;rawmf rjrav;. “cspfcsif;i,fòyif jrpfrif;ydkiftÀ0gu
jyefrombJ ,Gif;ap0okef aiGpef;aomfwm ,kefodk@ urBmukefus,foI i,fudk b,farh
vdrfhvJ Ӿ [lI oDqdkvdkufygao;onf?

119
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
xdkodk@jzifh 1981 ckESpfodk@ ul;ajymif;cJhygonf? xdkESpfxJrSmyif u|efawmfESifh
rcdkifwdk@onf ESpfOD;om;vufrSwfa&;xdk;um tdrfaxmifbufrsm;tjzpf todtrSwf
ðyay;yg&ef tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ. 'k§EdkifiHa&;rSL; &Jabmfjrrif;xH pma&;wifjycJhonf?
TtcsdefrSm y§EdkifiHa&;rSL; &Jabmfcifarmif}uD;onf yefqef;A[kdokd@ a&muf&Sdaeygonf?
wESpfusL;I 1982 ckESpf.ESpfopfokd@ ul;cJhavonf? xdkESpfopfrSm ESpfOD;om; pkvsm;
&pfywf vufxyfzkd@ oabmwlum tzGJ@tpnf;xH pma&;wifjycJhygonf? txufau'g
}uD;rsm;u &ufvudka&G;um vufxyfay;ygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@. vufxyfyGJrSm 1982 ckESpf. ESpfv,fw0dkuf jzpfygvdrfhrnf?
&ufvrsm;udk rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm; ysufpD;oGm;I aumif;pGm rrSwfrdawmhyg? u|efawmfwkd@
. vufxyfyGJrSm awmfvSefa&;[ef awmfvSefa&;enf;jzifh wm0ef&Sdaom &Jabmfjrrif;.
a&S@arSmufwGif vufxyf pm&Gufpmwrf;udk ESpfOD;om;udk,fpD vufrSwfa&;xdk;=uaom
omref tcrf;tem;uav; wckr#om jzpfayonf? Ttcrf;tem;onf awmwGif;
wae&m tv,fydkif;A[dkXmecGJ±Hk;rSm jzpfonf? wdwfqdwfat;aq;vSaom u|efawmfwdk@
. vufxyfyGJonf tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm; v_yf&Sm;aeonfh=um;rSm usif;ycJh&jcif;vnf; jzpf
onf? tvm;wl u|efawmfwdk@. r*FvmOD;nuvnf; wrlxl;onf[k qdk&rnfxifyg
onf? TnrSm topfusycf |wf =uifpOD;armifEw HS @kd onf wuGw J jym;pD tdypf ufc=hJ u&av
onf ? tH k ; puf & moÌmcef ; tjzpf wl E S p f u d k , f a rS ; puf & ef a e&m tcuf t cJ a =umif h
jzpfonf? awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;. A[dkcGJ±Hk;qkdonfrSm t+rJwrf; v_yf&Sm;ajymif;
a&$@ae&onf±h ;kH jzpfI a&muf&&dS m ae&mrsm;rSm jzpfovdt k yd =f u&aoma=umifh jzpfygonf?
u|efawmfonf aemufwae@ reufapmapmrSm A[dkcGJ±Hk;pcef;u tjyifc&D;
xGuf&ygonf? vkyfief;wm0efc&D; jzpfygonf? Tc&D;rSm rcdkifvnf; yg˜ygonf?
,if;a=umifh pcef;wGif;&Sd &Jabmfrsm;u u|efawmfwdk@.c&D;udk ysm;&nfqrf; (Honey
Moon) c&D;[k aemufajymifajymqdk=uygonf? u|efawmfwkd@onf erfhvefe,f ukef;om
&GmESifhreD;ra0;&Sd awmif,mwJrsm;wGif pcef;csygonf? ausmuf*lòr@e,fwyfrS cGJrSL;
acgif ; aqmif o nf h tif t m;ES p f p d w f E S i f h Tawmif , mwJ r sm;Y qH k r d = uygonf ?
TwyfzGJ@onf u|efawmfwdk@. vHkðcHa&;twGuf wm0ef,l&ef jzpfonf?
eef@vefòr@&Sd tpdk;&ppfwyfrS wyfpk (2) pkyg ppfa=umif;onf tjyifxGuf
v_yf&Sm;avh&Sdonf? ukef;om&GmwGif u|efawmfwdk@. aemif0dk;òr@e,fwyfrS wyfpkwpk
a&muf&u dS m pcef;cs ntdyaf eayonf? u|eaf wmf. tul&aJ bmf tdu k af rmif (&Sr;f &Jabmf)
onf u|eaf wmf. pD;jrif;udpk ;D um uke;f om&Gmok@d oGm;cJo h nf? Ttcsed w f iG f eef@vefòr@u
tpdk;&ppfwyfrS ppfa=umif;onf ukef;om&Gmudk a&muf&Sdvm&m &GmwGif;&Sd aemif0dk;òr@e,f
wyfESifhwdk;um wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhavonf? &Jabmftdkufarmifonf wdkufyGJtwGif; pD;jrif;udk
xm;&pfcJhum u|efawmfwdk@xH jyefajy;vmavonf?

120
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
u|efawmfonf ukef;om&GmwdkufyGJ. aoewfarmfwmoHrsm;a=umifh tdyfae
aom wJay:u uysmu,m atmufudk qif;cJhygonf? wJatmufa&mufrS rdrd. ypPwdk
aoewfygaom ppfcg;ywf wJay:rSm usefcJh onfudk od&Sdrdygonf? xdktcg teD;&Sdrcdkifudk
“cdkifæudk,fhaoewf wJay:rSm usefcJhvdk@ wuf,lay;yguGm”[k ajymvdkufrdonf? rcdkif
onf csufcsif;yif wJay:wufum u|efawmfypPwdkaoewftyg &Sdor# ypPnf;tm;vHk;
odrf;usKH;um wJatmufokd@ ,lqif;vmygonf? rcdkifonf ypPwdkaoewfudk ay;&if;
u|ef a wmf u d k wD ; wd k ; ajymvmygonf ? “w,f a wmf w J h w yf r S L ;ygvm;æta&;xJ r S m
udk,fudkifwJh aoewfudkawmif arhxm;cJh+yD; olwyg;udk ,lcdkif;w,f”[k qdkvmygonf?
rcdkif. xifjrifajymqdkcsufonf rSefygonf? u|efawmfonf ta&; }uD;tcsdef
rSm rdrd.aoewfudk udk,fESifhuGmaeaom au'gwOD; jzpfaeygonf? ppfajrjyifrSm Tjzpf
&yfrsKd;onf vHk;0rjzpfoifhaom udpPjzpfonf? txl;ojzifh topfpufpuf =uifpOD;
ZeD;onfudk xdkodk@ cdkif;apjcif;onf rvdkvm;tyfaomt&m jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh
u|efawmfonf rcdkifudk tav;teuf awmif;yef&ygonf? xdktcgrSm rcdkifonf ðyH;ðyH;
av;ESifh “aemufajymifusDp,fwmyg udk&mæawmif;yefp&m rvdkygbl;? udk,fhZeD;udk cdkif;
wmbJ r[kwfvm;”wJh? ±dk;om;jzLpifum bmtjypfudkrS rjrif&Smaom ZeD;aumif;
yDovSolygwum;? ao;i,fonfhTjzpf&yfuav;ukdyif u|ef awmftaeESifh ,ae@xuf
wkdif rarhwJhEkdifatmif jzpfae&onfhta=umif; rckdifod=um;&atmif od=um;ap
oufao!¸ef;vkdufcsifygbdonf?
1983 ckESpf xdkESpfxJrSm rcdkif. udk,f0efonf wae@wjcm; &ifhvmaeonf?
tpdk;&ppfwyfrsm;. ppfa&;xdk;ppfrsm;onfvnf; jywfonf[kI r&Sdyg? xdk@a=umifh
A[dkXmecGJ±Hk;onf ae@pOfqdkovdk v_yf&Sm;ae&ygonf? udk,f0ef&ifhvmaom rcdkiftzdk@
oGm;vmv_yf&Sm;&onfrSm cufcJvmygonf? xdkumvrsm;. &efolxdk;ppfonf A[dk
XmecGJ±Hk;udkom OD;wnfygonf? ‚wdk@.tqdkt& OD;aESmufzmufpm;a&; jzpfonf[k
qdkygonf? u|efawmfwdk@ tajcðyv_yf&Sm;ae&aoma'orsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh &Srf;vlrsKd;
rsm; aexdkifaom a'orsm;om jzpfonf? ,if;a=umifh rcdkifudk ‚aus;&Gmrsm;wGif acwW
tyfESHxm;&efrSm &Gmvl}uD;rsm;u vufrcH&J=uyg? Tonfvnf; obm0usygonf?
rckdifrSmvnf; &Srf;bmompum; rwwfaoma=umifh ydk+yD;tcufawG@&ygonf?
u|efawmfa&m rcdkifyg TudpPtwGuf acgif;ylatmif pOf;pm;ae=u&ygonf?
u|efawmfwdk@ A[dkXmecGJrSm Armjynfaygufw±kwfvlrsKd; aq;rSL;wOD;&Sdygonf? ol.
trnfrSm &JabmfxGef;=unf (c) avmufuGJ jzpfygonf? u|efawmfonf xdkaq;rSL;ESifh
rcdkifrD;zGm;a&;udpPudk aqG;aEG;wdkifyifum ‚. t}uH^m%fudkyg awmif;ygonf? ‚u
“u|efawmfwdk@±Hk; tajctaeu rwnf+idrfyg? t+rJv_yf&Sm;ae&onf? xdk@a=umifh 'DrSm
rcdik rf ;D zGm;a&;[m rjzpfEikd yf g? jzpfEikd af jc&Sv
d #if òr@y@kd +yD; rD;zGm;ygu toifah wmfq;kH jzpfrnf”

121
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
[k ajymygonf? oluyif usef;rma&;±_a'gifht& ajym&v#if rcdkif.t&yftarmif;rSm 5
ay 3 vufrcGJcef@ &Sdygrnf? ,if;a=umifh uav;rD;zGm; &ef tcuftcJr&SdEdkifyg[k qdkonf?
u|efawmfonf A[dkXmecGJ 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL;jzpfaom OD;jrrif;ESifhyg aqG;aEG;n‡dE_dif;
ygonf? ‚.oabmuvnf; òr@okd@c%ydk@um rD;zGm;zdk@ jzpfonf? u|efawmfonf òr@
ay:rSvm=uaom &JabmfwcsKd@ESifhvnf; wdkifyif!‡dEdkif;ygao;onf? ‚wdk@uvnf; òr@udk
,m,Dydk@+yD; rD;zGm;±HkrSwyg; tjcm;&Sdrnfrxif[k ajym=uygonf?
u|efawmfonf xdkudpPudk rcdkifESifhtcsdef,l aqG;aEG;&ygawmhonf? rcdkif.
oabmxm;rSm òr@udk vHk;0roGm;vdkyg? 'DrSmyJ óu;pm;=unfhapcsifonf[k qdkygonf?
vH;k 0rjzpfEikd v
f #iaf wmh rv$o
J mbJ oGm;ygrnf[vk nf; rsu0f ef;twGi;f rS rsu&f nfrsm;a0h0J
um ajymvmygonf? u|efawmfonf aemufqHk;}uH&mr&jzpfum rcdkifudk òr@wufrD;zGm;
zdk@yJ em;cs&ygawmhonf?
rcdik o
f nf roGm;vdak omc&D;udk &ifaoG;&wemzGm;zd@k &m idyk Gq
J ifum oGm;cJ&h &Sm
onf? olronf u|efawmfudkyif EkwfrqufEdkifbJ cGJcGmoGm;ygawmhonf? TonfrSm
1983 ckESpf. wae@aom ae@&ufyif jzpfygvdrfhrnf?
rcdkifc&D;oGm;+yD;aemufwGif u|efawmfwdk@tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ. tajctae
onf wrsKd;wzkH ajymif;vJoGm;ygonf? A[dkXmecGJ. t"duacgif;aqmifrsm;onf wm0ef
t& yefqef;A[dkokd@ ajymif;=u&ygonf? 'k-EdkifiHa&;rSL; OD;jrrif;onfvnf; wyfaygif;pk
vkyfief;wm0efopfjzifh ajymif;a&$@oGm;ygonf? u|efawmfonfomv#if tv,fydkif; A[dk
XmecG J Y quf v uf w m0ef xrf ; aqmif & ygonf ? u|ef a wmf , l & aom wm0ef r S m
tv,fydkif; A[dkXmecGJ wckvHk;udk ,m,Doabm wm0ef,l&jcif; jzpfonf? u|efawmhf
tzdk@qdk&v#if Twm0efrSm 0efESifh tm; av;ESifhjrm; rr#ovdkrsKd; jzpfygonf? u|efawmf
onf jzpfay:aeaom ygwDwGif;/ wyfwGif;tajctaersm;udkvnf; rausrcsrf; jzpfae
ygonf? rdrdtygt0if rnfoludkrS tm;r&yg? pdwfvnf; xdcdkufygonf? ,if;tcsuf
tygt0if ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh usef;rma&;csKd@,Gif;vmygonf? xdk@a=umifh OD;jrrif;
yefqef;toGm;rSm vlcsif;qHkum wifjy+yD; ‚ESifhtwl yefqef;okd@ aq;uko&ef vdkufyg
oGm;cJhygonf?
u|efawmfonf aq;±Hkudkwufa&muf+yD; a&m*gppfaq;aomfvnf; a&m*g
vuQ%mukd twdtus rodbJ jzpfaeygonf? odk@aomf q&m0efrsm;. oabmxm;t&
aq;±HkrSmyif qufvufwufa&mufae&ygonf? xdkumvrSm OD;jrrif;xHu u|efawmfh
qDudk a=u;eef;wapmif ay;ydk@vm ygonf? ,if;a=u;eef;pmrSm rcdkifonf uav;rD;zGm;+yD;
jzpfonf? uav;rSm om;a,musfm;av;jzpfI oljyefvmrnf[k qdkonf? xdk@a=umifh
uav; xm;+yD; jyefvmEdkifonf[k ta=umif;jyefxm;a=umif;wkd@jzpfygonf? xyfrHI
&&Sdaomowif;rSm rcdkifa&m uav;yg &efukefrSm tzrf;cH&+yD; tif;pdeftusOf;axmif

122
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
a&muf&Sdaeonf[k qdkygonf?
u|efawmfonf Towif;rsm; =um;od+yD;aemufwGif rcdkifESifh uav;tajc
taeudk od&zdS @kd rcdik o
f mG ;pOfu vdu
k yf @kd cahJ omyk*Kd~ vfukd pHpk rf;&ef apv$wcf yhJ gonf? od@k aomf
xdkyk*~dKvfonf &efukefrSmyif vufeufcs tnHhcHoGm;onf[k od&jyefygonf? u|efawmfh.
usef;rma&;onf ppfaq;csufrsm;t& ESSvHk;aoG;a=umusOf;a&m*g (Heart disease) ESifh
ESmacgif;tajr‡;yg;a&mifa&m*grsm; jzpfaeygonf? xkdtcsdefrSpI u|efawmfonf tv,f
ydkif;A[dkXmecGuJ dk wm0efr,lawmhyg? ZeD;ESifhuav;. tajctae od&Sd&ef u|efawmfonf
rdrdod&SdcJhaom ajratmuftqufa[mif;rsm;rSwqifh qufoG,fóu;yrf;cJhygonf?
oHk;av;}udrfxufrenf; óu;yrf;cJhaomfvnf; aiGukefvlyef; pdwfqif;&Jjcif;rSty
ratmifjrifyg? xdk@a=umifh u|efawmf onf rwwfombJ vufav#mhcJh&ygonf?
u|efawmf.usef;rma&;onfvnf; tenf;i,faumif;rGefvmI tvkyf
wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJhygonf? u|efawmfonf A[dkppfOD;pD;XmecsKyfrSm oifhavsmf
rnfhwm0efudk ,lcJhygonf? ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OuUÏocifZif. ZeD;a':=unf=unf
onf u|efawmf.ZeD;ESifhom;udk tzufzufrS yHhydk;ulnDcJhygonf? tusOf;axmifrS vGwf
ajrmufatmifvnf; aqmif=uOf;ay;cJhonf[k od&Sd&ygonf? TtwGuf u|efawmfonf
a':=unf=unfudk txl;yifaus;Zl;wif&ygrnf? a':=unf=unf uG,fvGeftedpPa&muf
a=umif; =um;od&aomtcgrSm tzGJ@tpnf;u ‚udk 0rf;enf;aomtxdrf;trSwf
ðyvkyfygonf? Ttcg u|efawmf wufa&mufI a':=unf=unfudk &nfpl;+yD; 0rf;enf;
pum; qdkcJhygonf? ‚tjyif u|efawmf.ZeD;ESifhom;tay:xm;&Sdaom u|efawmf.
oabmxm;udk a':=unf =unf toufxif&Sm;&SdpOfrSm od&SdroGm;cJh&I tEl;t!Gwf
awmif;yefpum;vnf; qdkcJhygao;onf? wrvGefb0a&mufoGm;+yDjzpfaom a':=unf
=unfudk u|efawmf. ZeD;ESifhom;twGuf ulnDyHhydk;ay;cJhor#udk v_dufvJSpGm aus;Zl;wif&Sd
a=umif;udk tvDvDOD;!Gwfum ajymqdkyef=um;cJhygonf? wqufwnf; a':=unf=unf
tjyif tjcm;aus;Zl;wifxkdufolrsm;ukd aus;Zl;wifa=umif; Tpmjzifh rSwfwrf;wif
*k%fðytyfygonf?
ESpfawGvnf;aESmif; &moDawGvnf; tvDvDajymif;cJhygonf? ZeD;ESifh om;
ta=umif;vnf; aumif;qdk;owif;yif rod&yg? tcsdefumv =umanmif;cJhonfrSm
&mpkESpfw0ufeD;yg; &Sdrnfxifygonf? rdrd.&ifaoG;udk tjzLtrnf; b,fodk@ b,fES,f
&Sdrnfudkvnf; rSef;qrsufpdxJrSm rawG@jrifrdyg? om;vSa&$aoG;ærif;zcifrSm uGefjrLepf
wOD; jzpfonf? ZGJESifhrmefESifh awmfvSefa&;udk qHjzLoGm;}uKd; ouf=um;tdkxd vkyfaeqJyg?
rif;a&m rif;ararudkyg Tta=umif; ajymcsifygao;onf? ighrSm (rif;wdk@om;trdvnf;
tygt0ifjzpfaom) wdkif;jynfESifh jynfolrsm;tusKd;twGuf onfydk;aeolyg? 'gawGudk
odv#if ighudk cGifhv$wfrnf[k ,Hk=unfar#mfvihfaeygonf?

123
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

twWraemvdk@ ajymv#ifvnf; ajym=uygap? ighqENudk ±dk;om;pGmajym&vsifæ

ZeD;ESifhom;wdk@udk vlcsif; trSefyif awGvdkygao; onf? ?

124
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D

+id r f ; csrf ; a&;umv

ajratmuf c &D ; waxmuf

vGefcJhaom 1963-ckESpf/ awmfvSefa&;aumifpD ppftpkd;&.vufxufwGif

jzpfonf? xkdumvu jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf aphpyfaqG;aEG;
&ef tpkd;&u vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;tzGJ@ tm;vkH;okd@ urf;vSrf;vmygonf? Armjynf
uGejf rLepfygwt D aeESiv hf nf; T urf;vSr;f csuu f dk vufcuH m &JabmfaX;acgi;f aqmifaom
y%mrukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd aqG;aEG;&ef apv$wfcJhonf?
xkdokd@aomtajctaewGif &Srf;jynfe,f jynfe,ftzGJ@0ifwOD;jzpfaom Akdvfyk
onf u|efawmfhtm; wm0efwckay;+yD; ajratmufvrf;c&D;rSaeI ygwDA[kd&Sd&mokd@
apv$wfcJhavonf? u|efawmf xrf;aqmif&rnfhwm0efonfum; &Srf;jynfe,fY wm0ef
,l&rnfh ygwDA[kd&Sd au'gwcsKd@tm; oGm;a&mufac:,la&;yif jzpfonf?
Twm0efudk xrf;aqmif&eftwGuf u|eaf wmfonf tif;av;a'owae&mrS
yJhcsdwfavSuav;pD;um c&D;xGufvmcJhavonf? xkdrSwzef ukef;vrf;c&D;jzifh armfawmf
um;/ rD;&xm; tqifhqifhpD;um awmifil-jzL;òr@bufqD OD;wnf+yD; c&D;qufcJh&jyefonf?
ompnf rD;&xm;blwmrS rEWav;-&efukef tpkefrD;&xm;ukd pD;+yD;vmcJh&m
awmifilòr@okd@ aemufae@reuf rkd;vif;cgeD;tcsdefwGif a&muf&SdcJhygonf?
u|efawmfonf ygvmaomvufqGJtdwfukd vufrSqGJum rD; &xm;wGJay:rS
qif;I blwm±kt H jyifbufo@dk xGuv f mcJyh gonf? tqifoifah wG@&adS om jrif;vSn;f wpD;ukd
ac:um òr@xJ tarmif;ckdif;vkdufygonf? Tjrif;vSnf;jzifh wnf;ckd&ef ay;vkdufaom
tdrv f yd pf m&S&d mok@d vku d v f &H mS azG&ygonf? jrif;vSn;f q&mu u|eaf wmfajymjyaom tdrf
vdyfpmae&m ukd pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf vkdufvH&SmazGay;ygonf? òr@v,f&yfuGuf wae&m
Y vdypf mygtrd u f dk &SmazGawG@&o dS jzifh jrif;vSnu
f dk tdr.
f 0if;wHcg;0teD; &yfcidk ;f vku
d o
f nf?
xkdtcg trsKd;om;wOD;onf tdrfay:rSqif;vmum tdrf0if;wHcg;0 jrif;vSnf;
teD;txd a&mufvmygonf? u|efawmfonfvnf; Tyk*~Kdvfukd ay;xm;onfh v#Kd@0Suf
oauFwtrnfjzifh ac:vkdufygonf? xkdtcg ‚onf u|efawmfhukd c&D;OD;}uKdjyK/
E_wfqufpum;qkdum vufqGJE_wfqufvmygonf?
u|efawmfonf jrif;vSnf;orm;ukd usoifhonfhaiGa=u;&Sif;ay;um jrif;vSnf;
ay:rS vufqGJtdwfukd qGJ,lvkduf+yD; tdrf&SifESifhtwl tdrfay: okd@ wufvmcJhygawmhonf?
tdrf&Sifonf {nfhcef;&Sd ukvm;xkdiftvGwfwvkH;ay: u|efawmfxkdifapzkd@
ae&may;ygonf? oluvnf; u|efawmfESifhrsufESmcsif;qkdif&Sd ukvm;xkdifwvkH;wGif
0if x k d i f v k d u f u m u|ef a wmf v mcJ h & onf h vrf ; yef ; tajctaeuk d tv† m yov† m y

125
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
pum;ponfhtaejzifh ar;jref;ajymqkdygonf? xkdtcsdefrSmyif ol.ZeD;onf jzpf[efwl
aom trsK;d orD;wOD; tdrcf ef;wckxrJ S xGuv f mum u|eaf wmfw@dk teD;&Sd ukvm;xkid wf vk;H
wGif 0ifxkdifvmygonf?
olronf odyf=um=umxkdifraebJ ±kwfw&uf xkdif&mrSx+yD; u|efawmfh
twGuf rsufESmopf&ef a&ZvkHESifh rsufESmokwfy0g/ qyfjymcGuf tp&Sdonfwkd@ukd
oG m ;a&muf j yif q if + yD ; {nf h 0 wf j yKvmygonf ? ta&S @ t&yf q D r S t±k % f O D ; onf
rkd;vif;awmhrnfh t&dyfedrdwfukd jyovmaeygonf? tdrf&SifZeD;armifESHESpfOD;onf
pum;rsm; wGwfxkd;&if;jzifh eHuftapmpmtwGuf aumfzDazsmfzkd@ jyifae=uavonf?
aumfzDyGJwGif udwfrkef@/ rkef@u|wf/ yJyvmwm ponfwkd@jzifh {nfhcHau|;arG;
=uygonf? aumfzD0kdif;wGif olwkd@ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;ESifh u|efawmf wkd@tjyif olwkd@.(11)
ESpft&G,f orD;i,fav;wOD;vnf; yg&Sdavonf?
Taumfz0D idk ;f rSm pm&if;aomuf&if;jzifh tdr&f iS t f rsK;d om;u ol@trd t
f ajctae
ESifh u|efawmfa&S@quf&rnfhc&D;pOfwkd@ta=umif; aqG;aEG;ajymjyaeygonf? olonf
tpkd;&±kH;w±kH;wGif 0efxrf;wOD;tjzpf tvkyfvkyf+yD; olZeD;onfrSmvnf; tpkd;&
tv,fwef;ausmif;wausmif;wGif tv,fwef;jyq&mrwOD;tjzpf tvkyf vkyfukdif
aeygonf? orD;i,fav;uvnf; oltarESifh wausmif;wnf; 5-wef;wGif pmoifae
onf[k ajymjyygonf? okd@twGufa=umifh tdrfwGif reufykdif;ESifh ae@vnfykdif;tcsdef wkd@Y
vlwOD;wa,mufr# &Sdrae=uyg? tdrfwHcg;rsm; ydwfxm;cJh&ygonf? xkda=umifh tdrfrSm
tdrf&Sif{nfhcHrnfholr&SdbJ u|efawmfcsnf;usef&pfcJh&rnfukd pdwfraumif;a=umif;/
tm;ema=umif; ajymjyaeygonf?
wqufwnf; olu olwkd@awmifilòr@.a,bl,s tajctaeukdvnf; rdwf
qufajymjyygonf? awmifilòr@onf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu ajratmufvkyfief;rsm;
tawmfuav; pnf;±kH;vkyfaqmifxm;Ekdifaomòr@ jzpfygonf? qkdufum;/ jrif;vSnf;
qkdif&m or*~tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; &Sdovkd aps;onfrsm;or*~tjyif tr_xrf;t&mxrf;
wcsKd@ukdvnf; pnf;±kH;odrf;oGif;xm;Ekdifa=umif; &Sif;vif;ajymjyygonf? xkd@a=umifh bm
rS pk;d &draf =umifh =up&mr&Sad =umif; aeG;aEG;axG;axG; tm;ay;ulnaD ompum;rsm;ukv d nf;
ajymqkdygao;onf?
tdrf&SifZeD;armifESHa&m/ olwkd@orD;i,fav;yg ukd,hfoufqkdif&m vkyfief;cGifESifh
ausmif;qDokd@ xrif;csKdifh ukd,fpDjzifh oGm;=uaomtcg tdrfESifh u|efawmfom usef&SdaecJh
avonf? Tokd@jzifhænae(4) em&Dcef@ tcsdef avmufusrS wtdrfomvkH; jyefvnf
a&muf&Sdvm=uavonf?
td r f & S i f t rsKd ; orD ; ausmif ; q&mronf c%wðzwf tem;,l + yD ; aemuf
rD;zkdcef;wGif;0ifum xrif;[if;rsm; pwifcsufðywfawmhonf? ae.tvif;a&mif

126
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
onfvnf; wpwp tm;enf;arS;rSdefum arSmif&dyfwkd@onfyif pwifusa&mufvmonf?
tcsdeftm;jzifh nbuf(6) em&Dcef@ &Sdav+yD? tdrf.{nfhcef;Y v#yfppfrD;rsm; vif;xdefae
onf? tdrf&Sifq&mronf npmxrif;0kdif;ukd vSyaooyfpGm jyifqifxm;avonf?
+yD;v#if olr.orD;i,f/ cifyGef;onfESifh u|efawmfwkd@ukd xrif;okH;aqmif =uzkd@ zdwfac:
ygawmhonf?
xrif;0kid ;f wGif u|eaf wmfxidk v
f u dk o
f nfEiS hf q&mr.csuðf ywf a=umfavSmf xm;
aom [if;vsmrsm;.teH@a=umifh oGm;&nfrsm;yif ,kdpD; vmygonf? ,if;twGufa=umifh
tusôtdwftwGif;rS vufukdifyk0gukd rodromxkwf,lum yg;pyfukd okwfvkduf&ygonf?
csufxm;aom [if;vsmrsm;rSm qvwf&GufcsOf&nf[if;/ ig;ydvdrRma=umf/
ig;=uif;om;qDjyef[if;/ a&$yJoD;ESifh 0ufom;yg;yg; vSD;a=umfxm;onfh[if;wkd@ jzpf=uyg
onf? u|efawmfonf pm;aumif;aumif;ESifh pm;vkduf&m xrif;okH;yef;uefarmuf
armufrmS c%uav;ESiyhf if ajymifovif;cgomG ;ygawmhonf? tdr&f iS t f rsK;d om;u xrif;
xyfrH wnfah y;vm ygonf? ok@d aomf u|eaf wmfonf &Su&f u S jf zif h jiif;y,fvu dk &f ygonf?
u|efawmfhtpmtdrfurl qufvufvufcHpm;aomuf&ef toifh&SdaeqJyg?
Txrif;0kdif;uav;onf u|efawmf.awmfvSefa&;b0c&D;wGif arhaysmuf
r&Ekdifaom xrif;0kdif;uav;[k qkd&ygrnf?
aemufwae@ reufcif;wGif tdrf&SiftrsKd;om;.pDpOfr_t& u|ef awmfonf
tjcm;vlwOD;ESifhtwl awmu|Jtif;bufqD c&D;xGufcJh&jyefavonf? awmu|Jtif;okd@
u|eaf wmfw@dk a&muf&o dS mG ;aomtcg toifah pmifq h idk ;f aeaom vlwa,mufudk awG@&jyef
onf? u|efawmfonf topfawG@&Sd&olESifhtwl aemufxyfwzef c&D;quf&jyefonf?
awmu|t J if;.taemufbuf yJc;l ±k;d rawmifwef;qDo@dk OD;wnf um c&D;cs&D jcif;
jzpfonf? Tc&D;vrf;wGif tHrh cef; us,af jymvSaom v,fuiG ;f jyifus,}f uD;ukd jzwfoef;
oGm;=u&ygonf? ,if;v,fuiG ;f jyifus,}f uD;xJwiG f a&$0ga&mifpyg;ESrH sm; &ifrh n S ahf e=u+yD;
olwkd@onf ajrjyifokd@acgif;pkdufum 0yfpif;ae=uavonf? Tv,fuGif;jyifus,f}uD;ukd
ArmjynfolawGtwGuf tm;xm;p&m pyg;usDwvkH;[k wifpm;ac:qkd=uayonf?
u|efawmfwkd@ESpfOD;onf taemuft&yffqD rsufESmrlum c&D;ESif ae=uonf?
[krd mS bufq
f rD S v,fuiG ;f rsm;qD avESit hf wl ys@H viG v
hf maeaom toHcs@J pufwckrS oDcsi;f
aw;oHukdvnf; cyfoJhoJh =um;ae&ygonf? tcsdef&moDuvnf; rkd;tukef aqmif;tul;
wefaqmifrkef;v-[k xifyg onf? ajrmuft&yfbufqDrS avajyavnif;onfvnf;
wjzL;jzL; wkdufcwfaeonf? }uKd;}uKd;pm;pm; c&D;ESifae=uaom u|efawmfwkd@ESpfOD;tm;
Tavjynfavnif;u qD;}uKdayG@ykdufum tarmtyef;ajyatmif ajzodrfhay;ovkd
&Sdaeygawmhonf?
c&D;oGm;ae&if;uyif u|efawmfonf tazmf&Jabmftm; toHcsJ@ pufzGifhae

127
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
onfhta=umif;ukd ar;jref;pl;prf;=unfhrdygonf? TtoHcsJ@pufoHonf u|efawmfwkd@
òr@e,fwyfzGJ@rS wyfom;wOD;. vufxyfr*FvmyGJu zGifhaeaom toHcsJ@pufrS aw;
oHjzpfa=umif; olu ajymjyygonf? ol.ajymqkdcsuftay: u|efawmfrSm tawmfav;
wtHhw=o jzpfoGm;rdonf? txl;ojzifh uGefjrLepfygwD.òr@e,fwckrS vufeufukdif
wyfom;wOD;.r*FvmaqmifwGif toHcsJ@pufyg0ifaeaoma=umifhyif jzpfygonf? T
onfukd tazmf&Jabmfu tuJcwf &dyfpm;rd[efwlonf? olonf vrf;av#mufae&mrS
±kwfw&ufqkdovkd “c% em;=u&atmif” [kqkdum opf&dyfwckwGif 0ifa&mufem;
vkduf=uonf? +yD;v#if olu r*FvmaqmifESifh toHcsJ@pufta=umif;ukd ,ckvkd pum;
qufvmygonf?
“u|efawmfwkd@awmifilc±kdifu òr@e,fawG[m vlxkpnf;±kH;a&;vkyfief;awGukd
}uKd;}uKd;pm;pm; vkyfxm;=uwmyg? u|efawmfwkd@&J@ òr@e,fwyfzGJ@awG[m &efukef-
rEW a v;oG m ; rD ; &xm;vrf ; -um;vrf ; awG t xd tcsd e f r a&G ; oG m ;vmv_ y f & S m ;vk d @
&w,fAsæ &Gmwkdif;vkdvkdfrSmvnf; pdwfcs&wJh ausm±kd;awG pnf;±kH;arG;jrLxm;wm &Sdw,f?
vli,ftzGJ@awGvnf; &Sdw,f? 'ga=umifh tpkd;&wyfawG v_yf&Sm;oGm;vmwJh owif;awG
ukd }uKd+yD; odae-=um;ae&w,f?”[k ajymjyygonf? ,if;tajctaersKd; &Sdaejcif;a=umifh
uGefjrLepfygwDrS òr@e,fwyfom;wOD;.r*FvmaqmifwGif toHcsJ@pufokH;Ekdifaomtajc
tae &Sdaejcif;ukd em;vnfvm&ygawmhonf? u|efawmfonf xkd&Jabmf.pum;rsm;ukd
auseyftm;&pGm acgif;wndwfndwfjzifh em;axmifaecJh+yD; twefi,f=umrS jyefvnfI
c&D;qufcJh=uygonf?
u|efawmf.tawG;rsm;onf &yfem;jcif; r&Sdyg? qufvuf av#mufvSrf;ae
aom ajcvSrf;rsm;ESifhtwl pnf;csufnDnD awG;ac:v_yf&Sm;aeygonf? xkdtawG;rsm;onf
vuf&SdArmjynfwGif jynfwGif;ppfrD;}uD; vkH;0csKyf+idrf;+yD; ppfrSefaom jynfwGif; +idrf;
csrf;a&;om &&SdcJhv#ifæqkdaom tawG;rsm;yif jzpfygonf? TtawG;rsm; ±kyftaumif
txnftjzpfESifh om jzpfwnfvmcJhrnfqkdv#if u|efawmfwkd@.jynfolrsm;/ u|efawmfwkd@
awmfvSefa&;orm;awG.b0rsm; rnfr# at;csrf;aysmf&$ifzG,f aumif;vkdufavrnfenf;?
TtawG;rsm;jzifh u|eaf wmfonf tazmf&aJ bmfEiS hf qufvufc&D;ESiv f mcJ&h m &Gmw&Gmok@d
a&muf&SdoGm;rSyif u|efawmfhtawG;rsm; &yfwHhoGm;ygonf? xkd&GmwGif xrif;pm;rnf/
ntdyf&yfem;rnfjzpfojzifh tazmf&Jabmfonf olodaomtdrfwtdrfokd@ 0ifum
pwnf;csygawmhonf?
tazmf&aJ bmfonf c&D;a&mufrqku d yf if tdr&f iS t
f rsK;d orD;tm; “træxrif;
tjrefcsuaf y;yg? u|eaf wmfw@dk c&D;vnf; yef;/ qmvnf; tawmfu h dk qmae+yD? trtdrrf mS
[if;csupf &m bm&So d vJ”[k w&pyfajymaeonf? oluyif qufvufI “trwk@d trd rf mS
vkyfxm;wJh ig;yd&Sd&if ig;yd&nf}uKday;ygvm;æwkd@p&mbl;oD;ukd u|ef awmfoGm;&Sm

128
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
vkdufr,f”[k ajym+yD; tjyifokd@ xGufoGm;jyefavonf?
td r f & S i f t rsKd ; orD ; onf rD ; zk d a csmif w G i f wa,muf w nf ; tvk y f r sm;
ae&Smavonf? apmapmu bl;oD;t&SmxGuo f mG ;aom &Jabmfonf bl;oD;wvk;H vufrS
qGJum jyefvmaeonf? olonf rD;zkdacsmif twGif; 0ifum ygvmaom bl;oD;ukd "m;jzifh
tuGif;vkdufvSD;+yD; 'eftkd;wvkH;ukd ,lI rD;zkday:wif ðywfaeayonf?
TtdrfrS tdrf&SiftrsKd;om;onf v,fawmrS jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmum
ajcvufrsm;ukd a&jzifh aq;a=umokwfoifaeonf? aevkH;}uD;onfvnf; wpwp
±kd;rawmifwef;}uD;atmufokd@ edrfhqif;um ikyfv#Kd;oGm;av+yD? tdrf&SiftrsKd;orD;onf
npmtwGuf csufðywfxm;aom xrif;[if;vsmrsm;ukd cl;cyfjyifqifaeonf?
xkdxrif;0kdif;wGif =umqH[if;csKd/ =uufom;qDjyef/ ig;yd&nfazsmfESifh wkd@p&m
bl;oD;ðywfwkd@ [if;vsmtjzpf yg&Sdaeonf? u|efawmfESifhtwl vmol &Jabmfonf ol
ESpf+cKdufaom ig;yd&nfazsmfESifh bl;oD;ðywfwkd@ukd acgif;yiftazmfEkdfifbJ +rdefa&&Sufa&
pm;aeonf? olu xrif;pm;&if;ESifhyif ig;yd&nf}uKd[if;ESifh bl;oD;ðywfwkd@ aumif;vS
a=umif; rem;wrf; csD;rGrf;aeavonf? tnmom; u|efawmfrSmrlum; =uufom;qDjyef
[if; yg&SdaeygvsufESifh ig;yd&nfazsmf-bl;oD;ðywf csD;rGrf;cef;zGifhaejcif;ukd em;rvnfEkdif
atmif jzpfaerdygawmhonf?
aemufwae@ eHeufcif;wGif u|efawmfwkd@ESpfOD;om;onf xkd&GmrS xGufcGmvm
cJh=ujyefonf? awmifwufc&D;vrf; jzpfaeaoma=umifh pdwfxifoavmuf c&D;ra&muf
=uyg? oGm;vkduf/ em;vkduf/ a&aomufvkdufESifh c&D;raygufEkdifbJ jzpfaeygonf? Tokd@jzifh
ESpOf ;D om;onf awmif wufc&D;ukd }uKd;pm;yrf;pm; ZGeJ bJEiS hf qufvufcsw D ufc&hJ m yJc;l ±k;d r
wkdif;XmecsKyf±kH;okd@ ae0ifzsKd;zs arSmif&dyfoef;ptcsdefrSmusrS a&muf&SdoGm;=uygawmh
onf?
awmwGif; wkdif;XmecsKyf±kH;jzpfI opfcuf0g;cufrsm;jzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom
vlaewJtdrfuav;rsm;ukdom awG@&onf? tcsKd@aomvlaewJuav;rsm;onf rkd;ump
rsm;ESifh trkd; rkd;xm;=uI aeyljyif;onfhtcgwGif aer&avmufatmif ylvSygonf?
xkdwkdif;±kH;pcef;wGif wkdif;OuUÏ &Jabmfjr/ ‚.ZeD; a':cifaqGESifh om;orD;rsm;vnf;
&Sdae=uygonf? (aemifwGif xkdwkdif;OuUÏ/ ZeD;ESifh om;orD;rsm;tm;vkH;onf 'l;axmuf
tnHhcH opPmazmufrsm; jzpfoGm;=uygonf)
Twkdif;±kH;pcef;onf xkdpOfu A[kdaumfrwD ocifwifxGef;/ &JabmfrsKd;jrifhESifh
&Jabmfazaomif;/ &Jabmfwkdufatmif/ &Jabmfarmifarmifpdef(TokH;OD;rSm aemifwGif
A[kdaumfrwD0ifrsm; jzpfvm/ ,cktcg uG,f vGefoGm;=u+yDjzpf) wkd@vnf; &Sdae=uygonf?
xkd@jyif Tpcef;rSmyif &Jabmf ndK(ac:) &JabmfwifaxG;(aemufykdif;rSm A[kd rmhufpfvDeif
0g'ausmif;. q&mwOD;jzpfvmonf)? &JabmfxGef;rif;(jrif;+cH)-c±kdiftqifhau'gESifh

129
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
AkdvfaZmfav;(awmifwGif;)-c±kdiftqifhau'gwkd@tjyif ArmjynfzGm; tdENd,trsKd;om;
wcsKd@vnf; &Sdae=uonf? ‚&JabmfokH;OD;onf vGefcJhaom 1950-51 ESpfrsm;wGif
qkdAD,uf,leD,H tygt0if EkdifiHwcsKd@okd@ ygwDA[kd (Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDA[kd) rS
ynmoifapv$wfaom &Jabmfrsm;xJ yg0ifoGm;=uolrsm; jzpfonf?
,if;tcsdefumvu yJcl;±kd;r wkdif;±kH;pcef;wGif A[kdacgif;aqmifwcsKd@ESifh tqifh
toD;oD;rSau'grsm; tawmfav; pkHpkHvifvif &Sdae=uygonf? TonfrSm +idrf;csrf;
a&;aqG;aEG;yGJumv. oauFw trSwfvuQ%mwck[k qkdEkdifygonf? t&uf(20)
wveD;yg;=umonftxd u|efawmf Tpcef;wGif aexkdifcJh&ygonf? xkdumvwGif
u|efawmfonf &JabmfnKd/ &JabmfxGef;rif;ESifh AkdvfaZmfav;wkd@ESifh tu|rf;w0if cifrif
&if;ESD;vmcJh&ygonf? Tpcef;wGif;&Sd acgif;aqmifau'g &Jabmftrsm;pkESifhvnf; cifrif
&if;ESD;r_ &cJhygonf? xkd&Jabmfrsm;onf a,bl,soabmtm;jzifh ppfrSefaom jynfwGif;
+idrf;csrf;a&;w&yfukd &&Sdvkd=uygonf? okd@rSom wkdif;jynf bufpkHu wkd;wufzGH@òz;vm
+yD; pnfyifom,mEkdifrnf[k ,kH=unf=uygonf?
aemufqkH;wGif u|efawmfonf &JabmfwkdufatmifESifhtwlwuG yJcl;±kd;r
wkdif;±kH;pcef;rS xGufcGmvmcJh=uygonf? tjyefvrf;c&D;rSmvnf; tvmwkef;uvkdyif
um;&xm;rsm; tqifhqifhpD;um òr@toD;oD;ukd jzwfoef;vmcJh=u&onf?
ompnf rD;&xm;blwmrS &Srf;jynfe,f a&$anmifokd@oGm;aom rD;&xm;ukd
ESpfa,mufom; vkdufygpD;eif;vmcJh=uonf? awmiftwuf acG;±kyfblwmta&mufwGif
u|efawmfwkd@vkdufygpD;eif;aom rD;&xm;onf c%wðzwf &yfem;vkdufygonf? &Jabmf
wkdufatmifonf rD;&xm;wGJay:rSqif;um iSufaysmoD; 0,fygonf? Ttckduf
twef@uav;Y &Jabmfwkduf atmif.ab;em;rSuyf+yD; ppfAkdvfwa,mufESifh trsKd;
orD;wOD; twlwGJ um jzwfav#mufoGm;=uonf? 0,fxm;aom iSufaysmoD;wzD;ukd
vufuqGJum &Jabmfwkdufatmifwa,muf uysmu,mESifh rD;&xm;wGJay: wufvm
onf? olonf u|efawmfhteD;okd@wkd;uyfI vmxkdifum ESpfukd,f=um;avoHESifh wD;wkd;
ajymqkdvmonf?
trsKd;orD;wOD;ESifhtwlwGJvsuf ol@tyg;rS uyf+yD;av#mufoGm;aom ppfAkdvf
onf ol@ukdodaom axmufvSrf;a&;wyfu ppfAkdvf wa,muf jzpfaeonf? aphpyf
aqG;aEG;yGJumvtwGif; &efukefY xrif; pm;yGJwckwGif olESifh ‚Akdvf}uD; rsufESmcsif;qkdif
twlwuG xrif;pm;cJh zl;onf? tjyeftvSef ,rumcGufrsm;ajr‡mufumajr‡mufumESifh
qkawmif;pum;rsm;vnf; qkdcJh=uzl;onf? okd@jzpfI ‚axmufvSrf;a&;Akdvf}uD;u
ol@tm; rSwfrdEkdifvdrfhrnf[k &Jabmfwkdufatmifu ajymvmonf?
u|efawmfonfvnf; &JabmfwkdufatmifESifh ta&;ay: acgif;csif;qkdif wkdifyif
&ygawmhonf? u|efawmfwkd@ESpfOD;onf rD;&xm;wGJay:rS tjcm;c&D;onfrsm; r&dyfpm;

130
 49-awmfveS a
f &;rsK;d qufwOD;. b0'kid ,
f m&D
rdap&ef Áa+EN&&jzifh rD;&xm;wGJrS vlrsm; twuftqif;jyKonfhae&mokd@ a&$@cJh=uyg
onf? tajctaer[efv#if ESpaf ,mufom; rD;&xm;wGaJ y:rS ckecf sxu G af jy;&ef pOf;pm;+yD;
toifhjyif qifxm;jcif; jzpfygonf? awmifwufc&D;wGif rD;&xm;wufaeykHrSm vloGm;
aeonfESifhrjcm; aES;auG;vSonf?
Tokd@jzifh rD;&xm;onf t&SdefrSefrSefckwfarmif;ae&m a&$anmifblwmokd@
wpwp csOf;uyfvmaeygonf? u|efawmfwkd@.ESvkH;ckefoHESifh rD;&xm;ckwfarmif;oH/
bD;vdro hf w
H @dk onfvnf; aES;auG;jznf;nif;vmaeayonf? a&$anmifbw l mwGif rD;&xm;
&yfvkdufonfESifh u|efawmfwkd@ ESpfOD;onf wGJay:rS tjrefqif;vkduf=uonf? awG@onfh
tiSm;,mOfi,fwpD;ukd tjrefac:,lum anmifa&$òr@buf c&D;qufcJhonf? anmifa&$òr@
okd@a&mufv#if azgifawmfOD;avSqdyfokd@qif;um yJhcsdwfpufavSwpD;iSm;I c&D;quf=u
ygonf? tjyefc&D;wGif pufavSpD;um tjrefenf;jzifh c&D;ESifvkdufojzifh u|efawmfwkd@
OD;wnf&ma'ookd@ atmifjrifpGm ajccsvkdufEkdifygonf?
+idr;f csr;f a&; aqG;aEG;yGJ tcgor, Tc&D;pOf.umvtwGi;f u odu|r;f cifrifchJ
&aom &JabmfnKd/ &JabmfxGef;rif;ESifh AkdvfaZmfav; (awmif wGif;}uD;) wkd@onf Tjynf
wGif;ppfrD;awmufrD;v#H}uD;twGif; ‚wkd@.toufaoG;ukd jynfol@tusKd;twGuf ay;
vSLoGm;cJh=uavonf? awmfvSefa&;wm0eft& wavSxJpD; wc&D;wnf; twlwuG
oGm;cJh=u&onfh A[kdaumfrwD0ifESifh tv,fykdif; A[kdXmecGw J yf.wyfrSL;}uD; &Jabmfwkduf
atmifonfvnf; 2001-ckESpf/ pufwifbmv (19) &uf reufcif;Y usqkH;oGm;cJhay
onf? ‚usqkH;uG,fvGefcsdefumvY ol.ZeD;onfESifhtwl om;wa,muf orD;
wa,mufwkd@ usef&SdcJhavonf?
azmfjyyg &Jabmfrsm;teufrSm ,ae@txd raºurc ajrrusao;bJ usef&Sd
aeolrSm Tpma&;olyif jzpfonf? ,if;twGufa=umifh oGm;avol xkd-tmZmenf
uGefjrLepfygwD0if om;aumif;rsm;tm; Tpmwkd wnKdwxGmjzifh 0rf;enf;owdw&
&Sdaea=umif; rSwfwrf;wif&if;æ
OD;nGwf*g&0jyKvkdufygw,f &Jabmfwkd@æ? ?

131