Thomas Neubauer - Funknetzplanung 2006 01

Automatic Radio Network Planning and Optimization
Thomas Neubauer
SYMENA
SYMENA Software & Consulting GmbH, Vienna
TU Wien
Free tickets for the Worldcup final
3 free tickets for the Worldcup final in Berlin for the first 3 technical questions.
SYMENA
Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 2
Capesso helps for design and optimization
Network Design
SYMENA
Network Operation
Better . Faster. Cheaper.

Network Design: Savings in CapEx, OpEx

Existing Candidate Sites
100 90
[%]
Automatic Cost and Efficiency Analysis
Automatic Network Design and Optimization
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
33
36
39
42
45
Number of Sites
Efficient Implementation Automatic Export SYMENA
Full Implementation Automatic Export
Validation in Planning Tool
Validation in Planning Tool

48
Live Network Optimization

750
Live Network
Area [km2]
700 650 600 550 500 450 400 0
Radio Network Optimization
10
12
14
16
18
Implementation plan STEPS
20
22
24
Analysis
Optimized Live Network
SYMENA
Verification and further processing
Data ready for further processing

Capesso Modules - Overview

W-CDMA
Monte Carlo Opt. Module
CDMA2000
TD-SCDMA
Network 1 GSM / iDEN

900/1800MHz
Network 2 W-CDMA
Band 0, Carrier 1
Network 3 CDMA2000
Band 0, Carrier 1
Network 4 TD-SCDMA
Carrier A
Network 5 WiMAX
Carrier M
Capesso Multi Network Joint Optimization Module
Capesso Core
SYMENA Capesso Visualization Module Capesso Greenfield Deployment Capesso AATA Techn. Activation Capesso Distr. Optimization Module Capesso AutoSolve Module
Key benefits of Capesso

RNP + Capesso = Better. Faster. Cheaper. Automated Planning/Optimization with Capesso

Better plans than manually possible (+30%) Less time for network planning/optimization (-80%) Cost Savings in CapEx and OpEx (-25%) Automatic Consistency of projects
SYMENA
1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status 2. Radio network management basics 3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators 4. Optimising short term and long term objectives 5. Methods for automated optimisation
SYMENA
6. Analysing the results of a live trial
SYMENA
Customer migration strategy?
How fast will the number of 3G users take up? How will data rates take up? Which services?

SYMENA
Two examples NTT DoCoMo and Vodafone

NTT-DoCoMo has a fast subscriber growth Vodafone:

2.4 million 3G customers by mid May 300,000 of whom use 3G data cards 10 million 3G customers by end of March 2006

SYMENA
Globally: 100m 3G customers by June 2006

Comparison of 2G and 3G technology take up

3G growth is much faster than 2G Nokia expects 3G/WCDMA phones to rise to 70 million by the end of 2005 (Source Nokia) 13% of all mobiles sold in Europe in 2005 will be 3G (Source IDC)
Source: GSMworld
SYMENA
What about Service Migration?

Video conferencing. Really? TV and Video clips via UMTS Interactive 3G games Business Applications Adult Entertainment
In Italy more than 140 million on adult material in 2004

(source: EURISPES)
SYMENA
Music download
Phones with up to 4GB memory and up to 30 hours music play time

Customer migration for 3G and network demands Fast Growth

Many users, anywhere, anytime Network Demands High coverage Good quality Sufficient capacity High flexibility Low CapEx & OpEx
High data rates

HSDPA. When?
Different services

SYMENA
From Voice to Music download
Low cost
SYMENA
WCDMA grows faster than GSM
SYMENA
Source: http://www.gsacom.com
Global 3G Subscribers to Pass 100 Million Mark in June
SYMENA
Source: http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/June2006/3175.htm
SYMENA
Radio Network Planning and Optimization in TDMA

Coverage Calculation Traffic Modeling
Channel occupency
Time
Required Number of Channels
Service coverage prediction and traffic modeling can be well separated in TDMA (GSM) type radio networks Hence, coverage and capacity optimization can be separated Once coverage is achieved, capacity can be handled by optimization department
Number of Users

Available Frequencies Required Erlang Capacity

SYMENA
System Capacity
Coverage Coverage and and Capacity Capacity can can be be separated separated
Coverage/Capacity Service Probability in TDMA

# users
Throughput
Carrier 3 Carrier 2 Carrier 1
Service Prob.
low
high
Coverage Area
SYMENA
Erl/km2
Capacity Capacity is is defined defined by by the the number number of of carriers carriers in in the the coverage coverage area! area! Service Service probability probability depends depends on on the the number number of of users users in in the the network network
10
Radio network optimization in TDMA (1)

BCCH power could be modified in TDMA Antenna tilts are in the range of 3-8 The penetration of remote electrical tilt is extremely low in TDMA TDMA is interference limited because of co-channel interference (INTER-cell interference) Many interference problems (e.g. in hilly terrain) can be solved by frequency overlay and hierarchical cell structures

SYMENA

The size of the coverage area is fixed and depends on the BCCH strength. A change in the pilot power (and the antenna pattern) will mainly influence the coverage area, not directly the capacity. Increasing the capacity means to increase the number of frequencies within an area If the number of frequencies is limited, they have to be reused more efficiently Frequency Planning is very important for TDMA! By properly tuning the RF parameters, the C/I can be improved. Higher C/I allows more efficient frequency reuse higher system capacity

SYMENA

11

High data rate TDMA systems have higher C/I requirements GPRS and EDGE are typical examples An optimized RF configuration allows better frequency plans and hence better system performance
before RF optimization after RF optimization
SYMENA

Frequency
optimization is of high importance for TDMA based optimization data rate services (coding schemes and higher order modulations) require better C/I conditions radio network optimization improves the overall C/I ratio RF optimized TDMA configuration allows better frequency plans and hence better

High
Automated
An
SYMENA
system performance higher data rates higher network capacity

12
Radio Network Planning and Optimization in 3G

System Simulations Traffic Modeling
Channel occupency
Time
Service coverage prediction and traffic modeling can NOT be separated in CDMA type 3G radio networks Hence, coverage and capacity optimization can be separated Optimization needs to be an integrated part of the radio network planning procedures
Required Number of Channels
Number of Users
Available Channels
Required Channels
System Capacity
SYMENA
f (services,load,etc.)
Coverage Coverage and and Capacity Capacity can can NOT NOT be be separated separated
Coverage/Capacity Service Probability in CDMA

# users
Throughput
Service Prob.
low
high
Carrier 1
Coverage Area
SYMENA
Erl/km2
The The capacity/area capacity/area is is increased increased by by reducing reducing the the effective effective area! area! With With higher higher data data rates rates and and higher higher capacity capacity the the cells cells shrink. shrink.
13
Limitations of CDMA networks

DOWNLINK Downlink
Coverage
Uplink Coverage limited
Uplink Downlink Capacity limited System Throughput [bit/s/cell]

SYMENA
Radio network optimization in CDMA (1)

CDMA is interference limited in general! The equivalent to frequency planning in TDMA is code planning in CDMA . There is a limited (but quite high) number of codes for the forward link code planning is fairly simple in CDMA The interference includes INTER-cell and INTRA-cell interference and is spatially colored! High data rate interferers lead to drastic performance reduction

SYMENA
14
Radio network optimization in CDMA (2)

The pilot (and common) channel power levels, the antenna tilt as well as the antenna azimuth determine the system performance The services with data rates in the range of <10kbit/s to 384kbit/s define the interference distribution The interference varies with time, service and location! All modifications are interdependent and highly non linear! Automated radio network optimization, e.g. Symenas Capesso is essential for CDMA networks

SYMENA
Why optimize CDMA link budget

TX power Propagation Loss
RX power
Total Interference
Eb/No
SYMENA
Considerable
interference reduction Reduction of the overall signal power Improved quality, better Ec/Io coverage, higher capacity
15
Interdependent parameter optimization

SYMENA
Changing a single parameter will affect neighbor cells Dependent on the network this will affect further sectors There is no simple solution for CDMA optimization! Optimization tools will automatically consider interdependencies

What are the requirements for 3G?

Short term aspects

Meeting regulatory requirements Satisfying minimum service probability / quality Time to market which coverage/quality/capacity has to be provided when? Reduce time for site acquisition Adapt to the required service profiles Minimize CAPEX
LOW LOW COSTS COSTS to to satisfy satisfy the the roll-out roll-out requirements! requirements!

SYMENA
16
What are the requirements for 3G?

Long term, strategic aspects

Growth plan in coverage, quality and capacity Additional sites to meet traffic expectations Smooth migration plan Lack of additional available sites Best network performance for lowest cost
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY FLEXIBILITY to to satisfy satisfy future future requirements! requirements!

SYMENA
Towards Continuous Optimization

Planning
Launch
Operation
Site and Cell activation Automatic optimization of TurnKey solutions and network extensions How to fulfill minimum Coverage, Quality requirements for minimum costs Provide better plans faster and cheaper
Reduce the time for network set up Measurement information for the automated fine tuning of the parameter settings lower costs Provide minimum required quality and capacity for the launch Trouble Shooting
Include real network data to improve the optimization quality Trouble shooting on problem areas Capacity optimization when new services and increasing traffic come up Ongoing optimization dependent on the network information
SYMENA
17
Complexity of radio network optimization (1)

Radio network optimization is like an N-dimensional state-diagram.

N=(Number of cells) * (Number of parameters/cell) * (Number of valid parameters setting)
In CDMA networks the entire network has to be considered in order to find the best configuration The dependencies between the individual states have to be known in order to find the best solution efficiently!

SYMENA

Assumption: Only a single ON/OFF decision per cell
81 possibilities for exhaustive search Complexity: 281
81 ? How big is 281
1 ON/OFF 81 ON/OFF 281

SYMENA
= 1mm = the distance, light travels during ~250.000 years!
or or more more than than 25mio 25mio years years when when using using a a 3GHz 3GHz computer computer
18

A radio network consists of hundreds of sectors with multiple parameters within given parameter ranges Radio network optimization is too complex to be done manually Tools that automatically find the best solution for the entire network are required Symenas Capesso delivers the best network configuration for a given network scenario
SYMENA SYMENA
1. WCDMA roll-out and deployment status 2. Radio network management basics 3. Understanding and applying key performance indicators 4. Optimising short term and long term objectives 5. Methods for automated optimisation 6. Analysing the results of a live trial
19
Layered Radio Network Optimization Challenges
Higher Layers & System Control

SYMENA
Traffic Layer Physical Layer Procedures Propagation Layer

Key techniques for 3G radio network optimization

Transmit Diversity SMART ANTENNAS Higher order Receive diversity HSDPA EV/DO EV/DV
Which technology to use for best performance? How to achieve maximum ROI? Where to use which technology first? Optimum penetration of the advanced technology?
Automated Network Optimization
Micro Cells
MHA & RET
SYMENA
Site Sharing / New Sites
Additional Carriers
Multiple Antenna Pattern
Getting the maximum out of the infrastructure!
20
Technology limits for Radio Network Optimization

Which technologies are available?

RET antennas High power amplifiers Micro cells Higher sectorization

SYMENA
Which technologies are not available but promising?

HSDPA Smart Antennas / MIMO More frequency bands (or spectrum efficiency)
Why remote electrical tilt antennas for 3G?

3G is a purely interference limited system With the introduction/modification of a new sector/site the interference pattern and the influence to the neighbor can be significant! Interference in 3G networks can be handled very effectively by changing the antenna tilt RET antennas are standardized

SYMENA
21
Remote electrical antenna tilts

Remote
electrical tilt modifications can be done
with a knob at the antenna itself on-site, but down at the ground full remote control (via modem, wireless, at the OMC, anywhere with a laptop, etc.) Examples: Kathrein, Andrew, Sigma wireless, Allgon, etc. AISG has 47 members
SYMENA
Antenna System Manager
SYMENA
22
Mechanical versus electrical tilt
SYMENA
Electrical tilt has more advantages than just costs and time for the adjustment Remote electrical tilt provides less inter-cell interference than mechanical tilts
Cost, Time, Equipment

Which parameters have the highest impact on the radio network performance compared to their costs? Which parameters are easy to implement? What are the side effects of radio network optimization? Which modification does provide the best short term as well as long term solution?

SYMENA
23
The magic optimization triangle

Coverage
QoS
SYMENA
Cost
Capacity
High coverage, high capacity and high QoS is NOT POSSIBLE at the same time!
Optimization target - Coverage

Coverage is measured by the received pilot signal strength The received pilot (CPICH) is a key indicator for system coverage, especially indoor coverage before Symenas Capesso achieves:

SYMENA
Better system coverage Higher received signal strength levels Design a network that satisfies minimum coverage requirements Target levels individually set for different areas, e.g. clutters
after
24
Pilot pollution, SHO overhead: 1 st 2nd pilot

Pilot pollution and SHO overhead are directly related to the difference between 1st 2nd received pilot Both, pilot pollution and too high SHO overhead are very critical for the initial design of a UMTS network Symenas Capesso achieves:

before

SYMENA
Reduced SHO overhead Reduced pilot pollution Higher system quality Improved overall capacity
after
Overshooting, Worst polluter: 1 st N th pilot

Overshooting and the worst polluter are directly related to the difference between 1st Nth received pilot The worst polluter depends on the number of implemented RAKE fingers Symenas Capesso achieves:
before

Eliminating the effect of overshooting Reducing the worst polluter Improved system quality Higher network capacity
SYMENA
after
25
Network quality and capacity - Ec/Io

Ec/Io considers both the signal quality as well as the interference situation The interference Io includes the traffic channels and hence the system load Symenas Capesso achieves:
SYMENA

Improve the Ec/Io level for the entire network Design a network that satisfies minimum Ec/Io requirements Improve system capacity
Clutter dependent optimization weights and requirements
Optimization targets can be weighted on clutter basis. E.g.:

Coverage: Rural 1; Urban 2 Quality: Rural 0.5; Urban 3
Optimization requirements can be defined individually on a clutter basis, e.g.

Coverage rural: -100dBm Coverage urban: -80dBm
SYMENA
Any combination of optimization targets is possible
26
Example for a traffic map

Clutter data usually defines the basis for any 3G traffic assumption 2G traffic measurements. Where no 2G traffic occurs, 3G traffic is highly unlikely! 3G service expectations. Different services are expected to happen in different locations Temporal hotspots will have a different pattern compared to 2G
SYMENA
Nobody knows WHERE WHICH SERVICE will happen WHEN!

SYMENA
27
Make sure to meet the optimization target!

Short term aspects

Meeting regulatory requirements Satisfying minimum service probability/quality Time to market Reduce time for site acquisition Adapt to the required service profiles Minimize CAPEX
Long term, strategic aspects

Growth plan Additional sites to meet future expectations Smooth migration plan Lack of additional available sites Best network performance for lowest cost
SYMENA
Widely used Key Performance Measures

Coverage
Received CPICH power levels to ensure indoor coverage
Reduce pilot pollution and SHO overhead

SHO ratios of up to 50% dramatically reduce network performance

SYMENA
Ec/Io to ensure service availability and consider network loading Automated radio network optimization handles these key performance measures jointly
28
Coverage @ Quality & Capacity
Capacity requirement
Coverage requirement
time
SYMENA Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
available sites
Maximize Performance for Multiple Outcomes

Phased radio network deployment delivers

Initial requirements
Lower initial network deployment costs Maximum flexibility

Full cost and efficiency analysis What if questions to be answered

What if?
New requirements to be included Multiple designs compared head to head Analysis for cost, implementation time, report, etc. Different traffic forecasts and models Migration to high data rate services
New requirements
Extension, New Services, etc.
SYMENA
Reliable results directly verified in planning tool (including measurement verification) Reduces the deployment risks
Verify with measurements
OK?
29
SYMENA
How much network should be deployed when?

3G radio network performance heavily depends on the traffic requirements Capacity estimations include a number of assumptions Building and optimizing 3G radio networks on expectations is risky What are the current limitations for 3G networks? What are the minimum requirements for network deployment?

SYMENA
30
Building Networks on Assumptions

Traffic predictions

When is high data rate traffic expected? Traffic patterns depend on multiple factors and they will change What can happen in 3 years? Even if all assumptions are correct the last base station will be deployed 3 years before it is needed.
Risks

SYMENA
If traffic develops more slowly than predicted then wasted infrastructure will be deployed even sooner. Where is wasn't predicted Services not predicted Each risk will interact with the other Risks
Why to optimize a network?

Availability of sites, acquisition Planning permission, site upgrade Availability of infrastructure, antenna replacement What are the requirements for coverage, quality, capacity? Which services are expected when and where? How much traffic?
Radio Network
Minimum: Regulator requirements Sufficient coverage Sufficient performance Maximum: Low CapEx and OpEx Highest flexibility Others: Which sites are available When are they available Deployment costs and time Radio Network Optimization Service demand: Which service, where, when? How will the traffic grow Performance requirements Coverage requirements Capacity requirements
SYMENA
31
Automated optimization reduces risks

Planning Launch Operation
Assumptions
Measurements
Network data (RNC/OMC)
Existing Radio Network Planning Platform

KPI KPI
Optimization target
SYMENA
Cost function
Better Network for Lower Cost

Which parameters to optimize for improvement?

Pilot
power and common channel power levels Tilt Azimuth Pattern Height
Antenna
Antenna
Antenna
SYMENA
Antenna
32
Which parameters to optimize? Pilot Power
High Pilot Power
Low Pilot Power
Higher Pilot
SYMENA
pilot power larger coverage area
power can be adjusted remotely very cheaply
Changing
the pilot power has an impact on the interference, power budget and SHO performance
What is the effect of PILOT power changes?

Forward (Down) link

TX Propagation power Loss RX power Total Interference Eb/No
The propagation loss remains the same The TX power (for the pilot) is increased The RX power is hence increased The coverage area is affected
Reverse (UP) link

SYMENA
Due to the change in pilot power, the effective coverage area is affected Far-off mobiles require more TX power!
33
Which parameters to optimize? - Tilt

Small Tilt Large Tilt
The
antenna down-tilt has similar effects as the pilot power antenna down-tilt small coverage area
Large
SYMENA
Antenna
tilt can be done remotely Remote electrical tilt (RET) antennas.

What is the effect of ANTENNA TILT changes?

Forward (Down) link

The antenna gain is re-directed The effective propagation loss is reduced (increased) The RX power (and interference) will be increased (reduced) The coverage area is affected The power levels are not modified!
Reverse (UP) link

SYMENA

The propagation loss is affected in the same way as in the forward link The required UE TX power will be increased/reduced
34
Which parameters to optimize? Azimuth

Changing
the antenna azimuth influences the coverage area pattern can be handled very effectively with azimuth changes is very important for network roll-out can not be done remotely higher costs
Interference
Azimuth
SYMENA
Azimuth
What is the effect of ANTENNA Azimuth changes?

Forward (Down) link

Reverse (UP) link

SYMENA

35
Which parameters to optimize? Antenna Pattern

Different
antenna pattern can change the coverage and quality measures significantly stations need to shut down for antenna change pattern are unlikely to change during operation, but likely for roll-out antenna pattern is more a strategic decision
Base
Antenna
SYMENA
Optimizing
What is the effect of ANTENNA Pattern changes?

Forward (Down) link

Reverse (UP) link

SYMENA

36
Which parameters to optimize? Antenna Height
Antenna Antenna
SYMENA
height is important for below and above roof top height can not be modified during operation height is a strategic optimization parameter
Antenna High
antennas cause a lot of interference

Sector specific on- site knowledge

Some sector antennas are manually optimized or can not be modified during an optimization

Motorway there is no intention to change azimuths Antennas mounted on a wall Different construction limitations Antennas mounted on a power pole Antennas at a mast shared with a competitor
SYMENA
The optimization tool has to allow to disable (limit) any modification to these specific antenna
37
Enhanced technologies to increase Capacity & Coverage

Additional Carriers Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMA) and Tower Mounted Boosters (TMB) Higher order RX diversity Transmit diversity Higher Sectorization (Cell Splitting) Infrastructure Sharing Smart Antennas

SYMENA

Additional Carriers
Reverse link
Forward link
Conventional configuration
Case 1:
1+1+1=3 sectors (20W each)
Case 2:
Reverse link is not the limiting factor.
About 2x the capacity (truncing gain, )

SYMENA
Case 3:
Capacity gain is not big. Coverage is increased due to higher power.
Additional carriers bring a lot of downlink capacity

38
Tower Mounted Amplifier (Mast Head Amplifier)

Reduces the Noise Figure of the receiver

increases the reverse link coverage range
Effect on capacity depends on the limiting conditions

RL limited: not a great impact on the RL capacity FL limited: FL capacity is reduced due to an additional loss
NF = NFMHA +
SYMENA
NFFeeder 1 + ... GMHA
MHA helps to improve the reverse link coverage

Higher order RX diversity

Only possible at the base station Performance depends on the radio propagation channel A number of statistically independent signals are needed

multiple antennas sufficient antenna spacing in order to obtain independent signals combination of various diversity methods (polarization, space, ) high number of receiver branches

SYMENA
All received signals must have similar mean power levels Higher order RX diversity can improve both the reverse link coverage and capacity
39
TX Diversity
RX diversity is not possible at the mobile TX diversity: send the information from the BS so that the signals can be combined coherently at the mobile Problem: FL channel estimation for pre-distortion Open loop TX diversity: Space Time Coding Closed loop TX diversity: MS sends feedback to BS

SYMENA
TX diversity will mainly improve forward link capacity Relatively easy to implement (cross polarized antennas)
Higher Sectorization
Higher number of cells per site Choice of antennas is crucial

overlapping antenna pattern define the SHO areas increase of intercell interference
Requires more PA, TRx, Feeder Impact on both coverage (higher gain of the narrow-beam antennas) and capacity (less interference per cell) Highest effect in high loaded macro-cells

SYMENA
40
Infrastructure Sharing

Construction and site premises sharing Transmission sharing (cascade, ring, star) Power/cooling system sharing (indoor) Shared antenna Antenna system sharing Tower Antennas Feeder cables
ASC
SYMENA
To RNC
Base station Operator A Shared transmission

Duplexer Shared feeder Base station Operator B
CDMA Site sharing
Antenna A
Isolation
Antenna B
SYMENA
The The antenna-to-antenna antenna-to-antenna isolation isolation has to has to be be at at least least 40dB 40dB to to ensure ensure that that no no receiver receiver sensitivity sensitivity degradation degradation occurs. occurs.
Operator A Operator B
41
Considerations for site sharing, e.g. in Europe

Site (infrastructure) sharing is not always technically possible EU approval for UK (T-mobile and mm02) includes about 10-15% of the population no major cities are included There is no trans European rule for site and infrastructure sharing Site sharing is different to national roaming
1600 1400 OP. Equip. 425 225

400 350
SYMENA
300
275
Vendors are building infrastructure that helps to operators to share the equipment more efficiently
ACCU+BFU
575
Battery backup max 15 min. 150
How do Smart Antennas enhance 3G CDMA?

DOWNLINK Forward link
Service Service Coverage Coverage improvement improvement
Coverage
RL Coverage limited
Reverse link
Capacity Capacity improvement improvement
240
Battery box
SYMENA
FL Capacity limited
System Throughput [bit/s/cell]

42
Coverage and Capacity enhancement - overview

Reverse link cov Add. Carriers and Codes Tower Mounted Amplifier Higher order RX diversity TX Diversity Higher Sectorization
SYMENA
Forward link cov cap x
cap
x x x x (x) (x) x
(x) (x) x
x (x) x
x (x) x
Site Sharing Smart Antennas
Straight forward workflow for network design

Step 1: Potential sites

Existing site locations (e.g. from GSM, Crown Castle, etc) Hexagonal cell grid Defined site locations
Step 2: Area of interest define Focus Zone in planning tool Step 3: Define Roll-out requirements
E.g. 95% coverage at -100dBm
SYMENA
Step 4: Run Capesso Step 5: Verification of the results in the original planning tool Step 6: Report, Implementation plan and Financial Analysis
43
How can Capesso help?

Capesso builds on the existing data Multiple requirements can be considered jointly

Initial requirements
Low initial network deployment costs Maximum flexibility

SYMENA
Reliable results directly verified in planning tool Capesso provides full cost analysis What if questions to be answered
What if?
New requirements
New requirements to include automatically Multiple designs compared head to head Analysis for cost, implementation time, report, etc.
OK?
Capesso delivers the best results in a fraction of the time for the manual plan
Plan for network now, but dont pay now!

There is no need to deploy high capacity networks at the moment Key criteria are based on coverage and sufficient service performance, i.e. Ec/Io Later deployment also reduces the risk of investing in infrastructure where it might not be needed Later deployment, optimized by an automated optimization tool will save about 8-12% Capex (and Opex of a similar amount)
SYMENA
44
Practical Implementation Planning

Theoretically all changes should be implemented simultaneously Practically changes are implemented sequentially What is the best order for changes?

SYMENA
Highest impact first Best value Quickest gain
No backward step
Limited Budget + Implementation Plan

before optimization 55% budget 80% of gain 100% budget 100% of gain
100 90 80 70 Gain [ % ] 60 50 40 30
SYMENA
3 2

Optimize budget use Improve performance consistency across markets Refine optimization plan Smart up your network!
20 10 0
1
0 20 40 60 80 100 Budget [ % ]
45
SYMENA
Network optimization example

Area includes about 270km2 More than 370 candidate sites (>1100 sectors) The optimization target was:

Stage 1: Provide sufficient coverage Stage 2: Increase Ec/Io for more advanced services
SYMENA
Maintain high flexibility of the network and keep optimization costs as low as possible
46
Stage 1 Required sites for coverage? (1)

ea [k m2 ]
These sites do not add significantly to the coverage area
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 235 253 271 289 307 325
199
217
109
SYMENA
19
Capesso automatically detects which sites should be deployed and configured - and which should be delayed
Stage 1 Required sites for coverage? (2)

In the initial network design the most (and least) important sites are identified automatically by optimization The least significant sites can be delayed, as they are not needed for the initial coverage requirements However, all of the sites will be required for the 3G long term requirement, especially with technologies such as HSDPA Result: 23% less sites have been deployed (delayed) as coverage and basic quality was the objective in Stage 1.
SYMENA
37
Num
55
of ber
73
91
s site
Later deployment of the least significant sites Savings in Net Present Value of both CapEx and OpEx
127
145
163
181
Cove rage ar
47
Stage 2 Improve coverage and Ec/ Io (1)

NO additional sites have been deployed Only RET modifications were done Significant coverage improvements
9397% @ -70dBm
-70 -80 -90 -101
0% 100, % 9 9 ,0 % 9 8 ,0 % 9 7 ,0 % 9 6 ,0 % 9 5 ,0 9 4 ,0 % 9 3 ,0 % 9 2 ,0 % % 9 1 ,0 % 9 0 ,0
CPICH coverage threshold [dBm] Before Capesso After Capesso
SYMENA
Steady improvement at all levels!
Stage 2 Improve coverage and Ec/ Io (2)

Higher data rates require higher Ec/Io Significant improvements at high Ec/Io levels can be achieved
-8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15
1 0 0 ,0 9
0 ,0 % %
8 0 ,0
7 0 ,0 % 6 0 ,0 %
5 0 ,0 % 4 0 ,0 %
SYMENA
At low Ec/Io levels the manual radio design was sufficient
Ec/Io [dB] Before Capesso After Capesso
Area fulfilling Ec/Io requirements [%]
Covered Area [%]
48
Improvements achieved with RET modifications

Improvement
A performance improvement of more than 40% (absolute area!) was achieved at high Ec/Io levels For low levels there is no gain potential, as the performance requirements are already fulfilled by manual design
45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15%
10% 5% 0%
>= E -8 Io c/ >= Ec -9 /Io >= E -1 0 >= E -1 1 >= E 2 >= E 3 >=
SYMENA
/ Ec
Io
-1
Io c/
-1
Io c/
-1
4 >=
Io c/
-1
Io c/
Ec
/Io
Significant improvements in both coverage and Ec/Io

Capacity (service probability) improvement

Average number of rejected users
The number of rejected users in the network simulations are reduced significantly. Capesso provides an overall better network performance:

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
SYMENA
More coverage Better quality Higher capacity

Pm
0
ob ax on in n es on a ti ti o hM us a ti o) m ec t ur ca tu r Pt c c/ I sa re j le E sa > ( d h a < on er l tip c i t o u s l w o P s o /I M mi Ec ll p Ad Ce Ma x
ob
m >P
Before Capesso
After Capesso
49
Changes to the network configuration

Only RET antenna modifications were done A standard RET antenna was used (Kathrein) RET settings allow a range of [0..10] Highly cost efficient optimization solution
Number of changes
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SYMENA
Electrical tilt changes []
thomas.neubauer@symena.com
TU Wien
50

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Automatic Radio Network Planning and Optimization

SYMENA Software & Consulting GmbH, Vienna

Free tickets for the Worldcup final

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 2

Capesso helps for design and optimization

Better . Faster. Cheaper.

Network Design: Savings in CapEx, OpEx

Automatic Cost and Efficiency Analysis

Automatic Network Design and Optimization

Efficient Implementation Automatic Export SYMENA

Full Implementation Automatic Export

Validation in Planning Tool

Validation in Planning Tool

Live Network Optimization

700 650 600 550 500 450 400 0

Radio Network Optimization

Implementation plan STEPS

Verification and further processing

Data ready for further processing

Capesso Modules - Overview

Network 1 GSM / iDEN

Capesso Multi Network Joint Optimization Module

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 6

Key benefits of Capesso

RNP + Capesso = Better. Faster. Cheaper. Automated Planning/Optimization with Capesso

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 7

6. Analysing the results of a live trial

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 8

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 9

Customer migration strategy?

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 10

Two examples NTT DoCoMo and Vodafone

NTT-DoCoMo has a fast subscriber growth Vodafone:

Globally: 100m 3G customers by June 2006

Comparison of 2G and 3G technology take up

What about Service Migration?

In Italy more than 140 million on adult material in 2004

Phones with up to 4GB memory and up to 30 hours music play time

Customer migration for 3G and network demands Fast Growth

High data rates

From Voice to Music download

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 15

WCDMA grows faster than GSM

Global 3G Subscribers to Pass 100 Million Mark in June

6. Analysing the results of a live trial

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 18

Radio Network Planning and Optimization in TDMA

Coverage/Capacity Service Probability in TDMA

Carrier 3 Carrier 2 Carrier 1

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 20

Radio network optimization in TDMA (1)

Radio network optimization in TDMA (2)

Radio network optimization in TDMA (3)

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 23

Radio network optimization in TDMA (4)

system performance higher data rates higher network capacity

Radio Network Planning and Optimization in 3G

Required Number of Channels

Coverage/Capacity Service Probability in CDMA

Thomas Neubauer 23. June 2006 Slide 26

Limitations of CDMA networks

Uplink Coverage limited

Uplink Downlink Capacity limited System Throughput [bit/s/cell]

Radio network optimization in CDMA (1)