UNIT IV

1. Briefly explain protocol and interface. Protocols are set of rules governing the orderly exchange of data within the ISO layer or a portion of the layer. The interface (information exchange) between the layers is carried out by the protocols. 2. What are DTE and DCE? Gi e the f!nction of each. ata terminal e!uipment ( T") can be virtually any binary device that generates# transmit and receives data message. "xample $ %omputer. ata communication e!uipment ( %") is a general term used to describe e!uipment that interfaces T" to a transmission channel. "xample $ &odem. ". Write do#n the difference $et#een %erial and parallel co&&!nication. 'inary information can be transmitted either parallel or serially. In parallel communication many bits can be transmitted simultaneously during the time of a single cloc( pulse. In serial communication# only one bit can be transmitted at a time. )ere each bit needs a cloc( pulse for transmission. '. (i%t the ) layer% of *+I &odel. The seven layers are physical# data lin(# networ(# transport# session# presentation and application layer. ,. What are the f!nction% of phy%ical layer? 'it representation# bit rate definition# synchroni*ation# specifies type of transmission medium and transmission mode. -. What are the tran%&i%%ion &ode% a aila$le? Simplex )alf duplex +ull duplex +ull,full duplex. ). (i%t the net#or. topolo/ie%. Star# bus# ring mesh and hybrid are the types of networ( topologies. 0. Define &ode&. The most common type of data communications e!uipment is the data communications modem. The word is derived from modulation and demodulation. It is used to interface T"s (computers) through serial interface (-S ./.) to other networ(.