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KHOA K THUT VIN THNG

........... ............

THC TP TT NGHIP
TI

THNG TIN DI NG

GVHD :NGUYN THANH LIM

SVTH :TRN PHNG EL

LP :C7KTLT

Nin Kha 2007 - 2009

NHN XT CA N V THC TP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bin Ha, Ngy 10 Thng 7 Nm 2009

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bin Ha, Ngy 10 Thng 7 Nm 2009

LICM
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LI M U:..........................................................................................................................1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CA MNG THNG TIN DI
NG S GSM
1.1-Lch S Ca Dch V Thng Tin Di ng:......................................................................2
1.2 Cc c Tnh C Bn Ca Mng Thng Tin Di ng....................................................4
1.3 Cc Thng S K Thut Ca Mng GSM:.......................................................................5
1.4 Cu Trc Mng GSM:........................................................................................................6
1.4.1 Cc Thnh Phn C Bn Ca Mng GSM ...................................................................6
CHNG 2 BTS EVOLIUM A9100
2.1 GII THIU ....................................................................................................................10
2.2 Cc Khi Chc Nng Trong BTS EVOLIUM 9100:.....................................................11
2.3 Cc Module Phn Cng Trong BTS EVOLIUMA9100:..............................................11
2.3.2 TRE :...............................................................................................................................15
2.3.3 ANX, ANY v NC ..........................................................................................................16
CHNG 3 BO HIU TRONG MNG THNG TIN DI NG S GSM
3.1 MI QUAN H GIA M HNH OSI V H THNG BO HIU S 7 :.........................19

3.2 CC KHI CHC NNG CA H THNG BO HIU S 7:.............................20

3.2 CU TRC MNG BO HIU GSM :.........................................................................21
3.3 BO HIU GIA MSC V BSS (BSSAP) :..................................................................25
3.4 BO HIU GIA BSC V BTS (LAPD) :...................................................................28
3.5 BO HIU GIA BTS V MS (LAPDm) :..................................................................31
CHNG 4 GII THIU CC DCH V TRIN KHAI
TRN H THNG 2.5G

4.1 Dch V Tin Nhn ............................................................................................................34

4.2 Hin Th S Gi n.........................................................................................................36

4.3 Dch V USSD:.....................................................................................................37

4.4 Tin Nhn Qung B.............................................................................................38
4.5 Dch V Tra Cu:.............................................................................................................39
4.6 Dch V Fax-Data..............................................................................................................39
4.7 Dch V MCA (Missed Call Alert)..................................................................................40
4.8 Dch V Hp Th Thoi...................................................................................................41
4.9 Dch V Gi, Ch V Chuyn Tip Cuc Gi:..............................................................42
4.10 Dch V Hi Thoi:.........................................................................................................44
4.11 Mt S Dch V Khc:....................................................................................................45
CHNG 5 NGUYN L A THM NHP TRONG MNG THNG TIN
DI NG S GSM
5.1 TNG QUAN :..................................................................................................................47
5.2 CC PHNG PHP A TRM NHP:....................................................................47
5.2.1 FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) :............................................................47
5.2.2 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) :......................................................................49
5.2.3 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) .......................................................................49
CC T VIT TC :..51
TI LIU THAM KHO :..56

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LI M U
S pht trin h tng c s l yu t quan trng thc y nn kinh t pht trin v gp
phn nng cao i sng x hi ca con ngi, tha k nhng thnh tu ca cc nghnh cng
nghip in t , bn dn , quang hc, tin hc v cng ngh thng tin .... nn cng nghip vin
thng trong c thng tin di ng c nhng bc tin nhy vt k diu a x hi loi
ngi bc sang mt k nguyn mi : K nguyn thng tin .
Tt c chng ta u bit rng, chng ta ang sng trong mt x hi thng tin m trong
chng ta phi tip nhn s dng thng tin vi gi tr cao v mt thi gian v cht lng.
Sc cnh tranh ca tt c cc ngnh cng nghip bt ngun t vic to ra cc gi tr ln hn
bng cch tn dng cc u th iu kin v thi gian. V vy thng tin lin lc s ng vai tr
ct li cho vic pht trin tng lai ca x hi thng tin nay, n cng nh lc lng lao ng
trong nng nghip v ngun vn trong cng nghip .
Ngnh cng nghip thng tin lin lc c coi l ngnh cng nghip tr tu hoc l
ngnh cng nghip ca tng lai, l nn tng tng cng sc mnh ca mt quc gia cng
nh cnh tranh trong cng nghip. Ngnh cng nghip ny phi c pht trin trc mt
bc so vi nhng ngnh cng nghip khc, bi v s pht trin ca cc ngnh khc da trn
c s thng tin lin lc, ngnh m s ch khng n gin phc v nh mt phng tin lin
lc m s ng vai tr nh mt ngun vn cho x hi tin b.
Di s hng dn, quan tm nhit tnh ca thy gio Nguyn Thanh Lim, em
hiu thm c nhiu iu v lnh vc thng tin lin lc cng nh hng pht trin ca h
thng vin thng ti Vit Nam. Do khun kh ca bi vit cng nh cn hn ch v kin thc
cho nn khng tranh khi thiu st cng nh lm ln, em mong mun nhn c nhng
kin ng gp thm hon thin hn na v kin thc ca mnh. Mt ln na, em xin chn
thnh cm n thy gip em hon thnh quyn bo co tt nghip ny.

Bin Ha 10-7-2009
Sinh Vin
Trn Phng el

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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CA MNG THNG TIN DI

NG S GSM
1.1-Lch S Ca Dch V Thng Tin Di ng
H thng thng tin di ng t lu l mt khao kht ln lao ca con ngi. Khao
kht ny ch thnh hin thc ngay sau khi k thut thng tin bng v tuyn in ra i vo th
k th 19. Tuy nhin, vic a h thng thng tin di ng vo phc v cng cng ch c
thc hin sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai.
Do s pht trin ca cng ngh in t v thng tin cng nhu cu i hi ca con
ngi ngy cng cao nn mng thng tin di ng ngy cng ph bin, tin cy ngy cng
cao hn. Qa trnh pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng nh sau:
-Th h th nht: Nm 1980s xut hin mng in thoi di ng th h u tin s
dng cng ngh Analog,ch hon ton l thoi,khng c cc dch v cng thm khc. Tiu
biu trong giai on ny c mt s chun:
+NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone)
NMT 450 & NMT -900 Chu
+TACS (Total Access Communications System)
TACS 900 Anh, Trung ng
+AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
AMPS 800 Bc M, Ut, Thi Lan, Vit Nam

Khng s dng hiu qu ph tn s

-Th h th hai (2G): u nhng nm 1990 ra i mng thng tin di ng th h th

hai, s dng cng ngh Digital c bn chun chnh cho h thng 2G:
+GSM ( Global System for Mobile Communications)
+D-AMPS (Digital AMPS)
+CDMA - IS95 ( Code Division Multibal Access)
+PDC ( Personal Digital Cellular)
GSM: c dng ph bin nht GSM-900, ngoi ra cn c Digital Cellular System
1800- (DCS-1800 hay cn c bit n nh GSM- 1800 ); Personal Communications
System 1900 (PCS -1900 hay GSM -1900 ): Dng Bt M v ChiL; ring chu u
(ETSI) cng c GSM -400 v GSM -800 nhng khng tn ti lu

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D-AMPS: c gii thiu ln u tin vo nm 1990, theo chun IS-54 (vn dng knh iu
khin l Anaolog, knh thoi l Digital ), th h tip theo dng hon ton s ra i vo nm
1994 da trn chun IS-136 hot ng bng tng 850MHz
CDMA IS95: Pht trin bi Qualcomm, IS-95 ch l chun ca CDMA 2G: c s dng
M, Hn Quc, Nht, HongKong, Singapore, mt s quc gia Chu , IS-95 cn c
bit vi tn gi CdmaOne
PDC: L chun 2G ca Nht ban u n c bit n nh JDC (Japanese Digital Cellular ),
nhng sau i thnh PDC pht trin ra bn ngoi Nht, tuy nhin khng thnh cng; h
thng hot ng hai bng tng l 800MHz v 1500MHz c c Analog v Digital
-Th H 2.5G: GSM-2.5G Nng cp h thng GSM-2G, b xung h thng mt trong cc dng
cng ngh sau:
HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit Switched Data )
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service )
EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for Gobal Evolution )
H thng IS-2.5G gi l 2.5G khi nng cp thnh IS-95B hay CDMA 2000 1x, CDAM
2000 1x-EV-DO
-Th H 3G: WCDMA, Advanced TDMA, IMT-2000, Hybrid CDMA/TDMA, OFDM pht
trin mnh t nhng nm 2000
Bng Tm Tt Cc Th H Thng Tin Di ng.
Th H

1G

2G

NMT

GSM

TACS

D-AMPS

AMPS

2.5G
GSM-2.5G

3G

4G

WC CDMA MC CDMA

HSCSD

IMT 2000

CDMA-IS95

GPRS

OFDM

PDC

EDGE

WIMAX

CDMA-2000 1x
CDMA-2000 1Xe-DO
Nm Pht
Trin

1980s

u 1990

2000, 2001

2000

2005,bng
n 2010

Hnh 1.1

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Th Trng Di ng Ti Vit Nam:

1 .Call-Link ra i 1992 s dng h AMPS, band 800MHz
2 .Mobifone ra i 1993 s dng h GSM ,band 900MHz
3 .Vinaphone ra i 1996 s dng h GSM ,band 900MHz
4 .Viettel ra i 2004 s dng h GSM,band 900MHz
5 .S-Fone ra i 2003 s dng h CDMA , band 800MHz
6 .E-Mobile ra i 2006 s dng h CDMA-2000 1x, band 450MHz
7 .HT-Mobile ra i 2007 s dng h CDMA 1x, band 800MHz
(Chuyn sang s dng h GSM)
1.2 Cc c Tnh C Bn Ca Mng Thng Tin Di ng:
Ngoi nhim v cung cp cc dch v nh mng in thoi c nh thng thng, cc mng
thng tin di ng phi cung cp cc dch v c th cho mng di ng dm bo cho thng
tin lin lc mi lc, mi ni.
m bo c cc chc nng ni trn, cc mng thng tin di ng phi m bo mt s
c tnh c bn chung nh sau:
S dng hiu qu bng tn c cp pht t c dung lng cao do s hn ch ca
di tn v tuyn s dng cho thng tin di ng
m bo cht lng truyn dn yu cu. Do truyn dn c thc hin bng v tuyn l
mi trng truyn dn h, nn tn hiu d b nh hng bi nhiu v pha inh. Cc h
thng thng tin di ng phi c kh nng hn ch ti a cc nh hng ny. Ngoi ra,
tit kim bng tn mng thng tin di ng s ch c th s dng cc CODEC ( b m
ha v gii m ) tc thp, nn phi thit k cc CODEC ny theo cc cng ngh c
bit c cht lng truyn dn cao.
m bo an ton thng tin tt nht. Do mi trng truyn dn d b thm nhp-nghe
trm nn cn phi c bin php khc phc trit . ng thi, cn gi b mt s nhn dng
thu bao v tnh hp l ca khch hng khi h truy nhp mng. h thng GSM, Simcard
c s dng, Simcard c kch thc nh mt th tn dng. Thu bao c th cm th ny
vo my di ng ca mnh v ch c mnh mi c th s dng n. Cc thng tin lu tr
Simcard cho php thc hin cc th tc an ton thng tin
Gam ti a rt cuc gi khi thu bao di ng chuyn t vng ph sng ny sang vng
ph sng khc.
Cho php pht trin cc dch v mi nht l cc dch v phi thoi.
mang tnh ton cu phi cho php chuyn mng quc t.

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Cc thit b cm tay phi gn nh, thm m, kinh t v ch tn nng lng.

1.3 Cc Thng S K Thut Ca Mng GSM:

GSM 900:
- Tn s :
Uplink : 890MHz 915MHz
Downlink
: 935MHz 960MHz
- Khong cch duplex : 45MHz, l khang cch gia mt tn s uplink v tn s
downlink tng ng.
- Khang cch gia hai knh k cn : 200KHz, l khong tn s an ton cn thit gia
hai knh k cn m bo cho vic truyn phi gim nhiu xuyn knh.
- Phng thc truy nhp : TDMA.
- S knh cho mt tn s: 8 knh.
- Phng php iu ch : GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying).
GSM 1800:
- Tn s :
Uplink : 1710MHz 1785MHz
Downlink
: 1805MHz 1880MHz
- Khong cch duplex : 95MHz
- Khang cch gia hai knh k cn : 200KHz.
- Phng thc truy nhp : TDMA.
- S knh cho mt tn s: 8 kenh.
- Phng php iu ch : GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying).

1.4 Cu Trc Mng GSM

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Hnh 1.2
Mng GSM c chia lm 4 h thng chnh :
H thng chuyn mch : SS _ Switching System .
H thng trm gc : BSS _ Base Station System .
H thng iu hnh v h tr : OSS _ Operation and Support System .
Trm di ng : MS _ Mobile Station .
Nhng thnh phn c bn ca mng GSM c biu din trn hnh 1.2
1.4.1 Cc Thnh Phn C Bn Ca Mng GSM :

1. H thng chuyn mch ( SS ) :

H thng chuyn mch ( SS ) chu trch nhim v x l cuc gi thc hin v cc chc
nng lin quan vi thu bao in thoi . H thng chuyn mch bao gm nhng khi chc
nng sau :

MSC: h thng thng tin di ng chc nng chuyn mch chnh nm MSC ,

nhim v chnh ca MSC l iu khin nh tuyn v kt ni cc phn t mng, thu bao di

ng vi nhau hay vi cc thu bao ca mng ISDN v PSTN. Cc d liu lin quan n thu
bao di ng c cung cp t: HLR, VLR, AuC, EIR. Cng t khi ny, cc tin tc bo hiu
cn thit s c pht ra cc gioa din ngoi vi ca mng chuyn mch,MSC c giao din vi
tt c cc phn t mng( BSS/ HLR/ VLR/ AuC/ EIR/ OMC ) v vi mng c nh PSTN v
ISDN. MSC cn thc hin cung cp cc dch v mng cho thu bao. Ngoi ra, n cn cha d
liu v thc hin cc qu trnh chuyn giao. Trong qu trnh m thoi mt b trit ting
vng s c c gia MSC v mng PSTN trit ting vng gay ra t cc b bin i 2-4
dy trong mng PSTN.

HLR: Ngoi MSC mng thng tin di ng bao gm c cc c s d liu. Cc thng tin

lin quan n vic cung cp cc dch v vin thng c lu tr HLR. HLR cng cha cc
thng tin lin quan v tr hin thi ca thu bao. Thng HLR l mt my tnh ng ring
khng c kh nng chuyn mch v khi\ng c kh nng qun l hng trm nghn thu bao.
Mt chc nng ca HLR l nhn dng trung tm nhn thc AuC, nhim v ca trung tm ny
l qun l an ton s liu ca cc thu bao c php.

VLR: L c s th hai trong mng thng tin di ng. N c ni vi mt hoc nhiu

MSC v c nhim v lu tr tm thi s liu thu bao ca cc thu bao hin ang nm trong
vng phc v ca MSC tng ng v ng thi lu gi s liu v v tr ca cc thu bao ni
trn mc chnh xc hn HLR. Cc chc nng VLR thng c lin kt vi cc chc
nng MSC.

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Trung tm nhn thc ( AUC _ Authentication Center ) :

Mt khi gi l AUC cung cp cc thng s nhn thc v m ha kim tra nhn dng
ngi s dng ( ID user ) v bo m tin cy cho mi cuc gi . AUC bo v cc nh iu
hnh mng khi nhng loi m mu gian ln khc nhau . c tnh chnh ca AUC l b 3
nhn thc .
B 3 cho nhn thc v mt m : Trong qu trnh thu bao tch cc , kha nhn thc thu
bao Ki v nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t (International Mobile Subcriber Identify _
IMSI ) s c phn pht ti thu bao . Ki th c tch tr trong AUC v c s dng
cung cp b 3 nhn thc cho h thng . Mt Ki nh vy cng c tch tr trong SIM .
Nhng th tc m AUC thc hin to b 3 bao gm :
Ban u mt s ngu nhin RAND s c to .
RAND v Ki cng vi thut ton A3 to ra s SRES ( Signed Response ) v to ra
kho mt m Kc thng qua thut ton A8 .

RAND , SRES v Kc c phn phi ti HLR nh mt b ba .

Th tc nhn thc : MSC/VLR pht s RAND ti MS . MS tnh ton s SRES dng

RAND , Ki v thut ton ca AUC . S SRES sau c gi v n MSC/VLR kim tra
xem n c hp l khng . Vic nhn thc c th c thc hin trong sut nhng ln ng
k , c gng thit lp cuc gi , cp nht nh v ( i vi thu bao mi )
ng k nhn dng thit b ( EIR _ Equipment Identify Register ) :
EIR l d liu c s cha ng thng tin v nhn dng thit b di ng ngn nga cc
cuc gi b nh cp , bt hp php , hay nhng trm di ng khim khuyt . AUC v EIR
c thc hin nh l nhng nt ring r hay nh l mt nt kt hp AUC/EIR .

2. H thng trm gc ( BSS ) :

Tt c cc chc nng lin hoan dn v tuyn c thc hin ti BSS bao gm nhng
b iu khin trm gc ( BSC _ Base Station Controller ) v nhng trm thu pht gc (
BTS _ Base Transceiver Station ) .

BTS: Mt BTS gm cc thit b pht thu, anten, v x l cc tn hiu c th cho giao

din v tuyn. C th coi BTS l cc module v tuyn phc tp c thm mt s chc nng
khc. Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l khi TRAU (Transcoder / Adapter Rate Unit)Khi
chuyn i m v tc ). TRAU l thit b m qu trnh m ha v gii m ting c th
ring cho h thng di ng c tin hnh, y cng thc hin thch ng tc trong
trng hp truyn s liu. TRAU l b phn ca BTS, nhng cng c th c cch xa BTS v
thm ch trong nhiu trng hp n c c gia BTS v MSC.

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BSC: C nhim v qun l tt c cc giao din v tuyn thng qua cc lnh iu khin

t xa ca BTS v MS. Cc lnh ny ch yu l cc lnh n nh, gii phng knh v tuyn v

qun l chuyn giao ( Handover ). Mt pha BSC c ni vi BTS cn pha kia ni vi
MSC. Trong thc t BSC l mt tng i nh c kh nng tnh ton ng k. Vai tr ca n l
qun l cc knh giao din v tuyn v chuyn giao. Mt BSC trung bnh c th qun l ti
vi chc BTS ph thuc vo lu lng ca cc BTS ny. BTS cng c th kt hp chung vi
BSC vo mt trm gc.

3 H thng iu hnh v h tr ( OSS ) :

Trung tm iu khin v bo tr ( OMC _ Operation & Maintenance Center ) c
kt ni vi tt c cc thit b trong h thng chuyn mch ( SS ) v BSC . S thc hin
ca OMC c gi l h thng iu khin v h tr . OSS l thc thi chc nng t
nhng mn hnh quan st iu khin mng v iu khin h thng . Mc ch ca OSS
l sn sng p ng khch hng nhng h tr hiu qu cao v nhng hot ng bao
tr , tp trung , vng , iu khin nh v m mng GSM yu cu . Mt chc nng quan
trng ca OSS l phi gii thiu khi qut v mng v h tr cc hot ng bo dng
caa cc t chc iu khin v bo dng khc nhau .
4 Trm Di ng (MS):
MS:L thit b duy nht m ngi s dng thng xuyn nhn thy ca h thng . MS c th
l thit b t trong t hoc thit b xch tay hoc thit b cm tay. Ngoi vic cha cc chc
nng v tuyn MS cn phi cung cp cc giao din vi ngi s dng( nh: micro, loa, mn
hnh hin th, bn phim qun l cuc gi ) hoc giao din vi mt s thit b khc( nh
giao din vi my tnh c nhn, Fax)
5 Cc Thnh Phn Khc:

Trung tm thng ip ( MXE ) :

MXE (Message Center) l mt nt cung cp voice , fax , thng ip d liu . c bit
MXE iu khin dch v thng ip ngn , qung b cell , voice mail , fax mail , email v thng bo .
Nt dch v di ng ( MSN ) :
MSN ( Mobile Service Node ) l nt iu khin nhng dch v mng di ng
thng minh ( Intelligent Network _ IN ) .
Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng cng ( GSMC ) :

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Cng kt ni l mt nt thng thng ni lin hai mng . Cng kt ni thng c

thc hin trong mt MSC . Khi MSC c ch n nh l GMSC (Gateway Mobile
Services Switching Center) .
Khi nh hng ln nhau GSM ( GIWU _ GSM Interworking Unit ) :
GIWU bao gm c phn cng v phn mm cung cp mt thit b ghp tng thch ti
nhng mng thng tin d liu khc nhau . Thng qua GIWU , nhng ngi s dng c
th chuyn i gia speech v data trong sut mt cuc gi ging nhau . Thit b phn
cng GIWU c kt ni vt l ti MSC/VLR

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CHNG 2 BTS EVOLIUM A9100

2.1 GII THIU
BTS Evolium l BTS th h th 3 ca Alcatel. BTS ny c kch thc tng i, kh nng
tch hp cao, dung lng ln. BTS Evolium tch hp 3 secter trong mt t. Cc khi CU, FU
c tch hp trong mt module TRE. Cc khi SMBI, CLLK v O&M c tch hp trong
mt module SUMA. Combiner bng rng c kh nng dng gii tn GSM1800. BTS ny c
kh nng cung cp cc k thut Halfrate, GPRS, ... kh nng thay i cu hnh linh hot, phn
mm thng tr thng minh, thu pht trn cng anten v thu phn tp. Cu hnh ti a cho
mt PCM l 12TRX (Sector) v 8 TRX (Omni).
BTS Evolium c thit k m bo cht lng dch v thng qua vic thu pht sng v
tuyn vi kh nng gin on ti thiu v d dng m rng, sector ho... c bit cp kh
nng d dng khai thc bo dng v trin khai pht trin. Thit b c tch hp module rt
cao v gn gng thun tin cho khai thc.

Cht lng dch v cao:

nhy thu -111dBm vt xa yu cu tiu chun ca h thng GSM.

Gii php vng ph rng vi cng sut pht cao.

S dng anten thu phn tp v nhy tn.

Th h phn mm thng tr ti u c kh nng ti cao v lu gi ng thi hai phin

bn.

Tnh mm do linh hot cao.

Kh nng m rng v sector ho c th thc hin trong cng mt t. C th dng cu hnh

ti a 12TRX vi 3 sector trong cng mt t.

-

C th thay i cc cu hnh GSM900, GSM1800, EGSM900... trong cng mt t bng

vic thay th card module trong t.

D dng trin khai v pht trin site.

T Indoor cho php d dng lp t.

D dng khai thc bo dng.

Cung cp cc dch v trong tng lai.

H thng nh v v ng b t v tinh GPS.

Cung cp dch v GPRS.

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2.2 Cc Khi Chc Nng Trong BTS EVOLIUM 9100:

Hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.1 m t cu trc cc khi chc nng ca BTS A9100 v cc giao din vi bn ngoi
ca n nh trn bng
Giao din

M t

Abis

Cung cp ng truyn 2Mbits/s ni vi BSC, gm 2 ng cho cu hnh

Multidrop hay ring.

Air

Cung cp giao din Radio vi MS

MMI

Kt ni BTS Terminal vi BTS

XBCB

Gim st v iu khin cc cnh bo ngoi, hoc cho mc ch thng k

XCLK

ng b vi BTS Master hoc cung cp tn hiu ng b cho BTS Slave

XIO

Cung cp 24 u vo v 8 u ra cho ghp ni vi h thng cnh bo ngoi

XRF

Cung cp lin kt gia AN (Anten network) v Anten

Bng 2.2 M t cc giao din ca BTS 9100

2.3 Cc Module Phn Cng Trong BTS EVOLIUMA9100

2.3.1 SUMA
a S khi chc nng
Hnh 2.2 m t s khi chc nng ca card SUMA, cung cp 2 ng 2M kt
ni Abis interface vi giao din BSII. BSII chuyn cc thng tin trn knh TCH n
TRE, cc thng tin O&M n b vi x l ca SUMA. SUMA bao gm cc khi chc
nng sau:

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Hnh 2.2 S Khi Chc Nng Ca Card SUMA

Truyn dn v Clock: Chuyn cc tn hiu trn Abis ti cc thnh phn ca BTS v thc
hin to tn s chun 13 MHz, chia tn chuyn ti cc thnh phn khc ca BTS, qun
l ng truyn s dng Q1 link...
BSII: (Base Station Internal Interface) Cung cp giao din vi TRE.
OMU: Qun l cu hnh, khai thc, bo dng...
RI: (Remote Inventery) Thng k cards BTS.
LED
OML

Abis 1

Mu

Trng thi

Vng

M t

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi ca OML

ng truyn tt
ang kt ni vi BSC
Mt ng truyn

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi ca Abis 1 cho truyn dn v Clock

Abis 1 ang hot ng
Pht hin li trn Abis 1
Khng khai bo hoc khng s dng

Vng

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O&M

Abis 2

Thng tin di ng

Vng
ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi O&M cho OMU

Hot ng bnh thng
ang download
Khng s dng

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi ca Abis 2 cho truyn dn v Clock

Abis 2 ang hot ng
Pht hin li trn Abis 2
Khng khai bo hoc khng s dng

Vng

FAULT

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

C li card (VPMA) hoc khng hot ng

C li (PMA)
Khng c li

ON

xanh

ON
OFF

Trng thi converter 1

Fault trn b converter 1

Bng 2.3.1 Trng thi hot ng da trn cc LED ca card SUMA

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Hnh 2.3 M t pha trc ca card SUMA

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2.3.2 TRE
TRE thc hin cc chc nng truyn thng ca BTS. Hnh 2.4 m t pha trc ca card
TRE v bng 2.3.2 m t cc trng thi hot ng thng qua LED trn card.

LED
RSL

TX

OP

BCCH

FAULT

Mu

Trng thi

Vng

M t

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi kt ni RSL

Kt ni tt
ang kt ni vi BSC
Mt ng truyn

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi pht (khng c knh BCCH)

Pht SDCCH, CBCH hoc TCH
Hot ng bnh thng
Khng pht

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

Trng thi hot ng ca TRE

S dng ti a knh
ang Init
Khng chim

ON
OFF

Trng thi pht BCCH

ang pht BCCH
Khng mang BCCH

ON
Nhp nhy
OFF

(1) Hai LED ghp ni song song

(2) 1 LED
Li VPMA
Li PMA
Khng c li (H bnh thng)

Vng

Vng

Vng

Bng 2.3.2 Trng thi hot ng da trn cc LED ca card TRE

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Hnh 2.4 Card TRE nhn t pha trc

2.3.3 ANX, ANY v ANC
Hnh m t cc khi chc nng ca ANX, ANY. ANC l s kt hp ca 2 module ANX v
ANY.
ANC thc hin cc chc nng RF, Hnh I.9 m t pha trc ca card ANC v bng I.6 m
t trng thi hot ng thng qua LED trn card.
S chc nng hnh I.8 cho thy AN lm nhim v chuyn tn hiu t TRE n An ten
pht v ngc li.

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Hnh 2.5 Cc chc nng c bn ca ANX, ANC v giao din lin quan
LED

Mu

Trng thi

Vng
VSWR A

VSWR B

O&M

M t

ON
Nhp nhy chm
Nhp nhy nhanh
OFF

Trng thi VSWR ca anten 2

VSWR OK
Suy hao mc 1
Suy hao mc 2
Khng gim st VSWR (Off chc nng ny)

ON
Nhp nhy chm
Nhp nhy nhanh
OFF

Trng thi VSWR ca anten 1

VSWR OK
Suy hao mc 1
Suy hao mc 2
Khng gim st VSWR (Off chc nng ny)

Vng

Vng /

Vng ON
ON
OFF

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Trng thi O&M

ANC ang trong ch vn hnh
Khng s dng.
ANC Khng hot ng

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ALARM

Thng tin di ng

Vng /

Vng ON
nhp nhy
OFF
ON

5, 12 V

Xanh
ON
OFF

Trng thi cnh bo

Trng thi bnh thng (FS/SW running, khng c
cnh bo hin ti, module ang hotng)
ang xy ra li PMA
Khng c cp ngun hoc n LED c li
Li VPMA hoc Module trng thi OPR.
Trng thi ngun cung cp 5, 12 V
OK
C li.

Bng 2.3.3 Trng thi hot ng da trn cc LED ca cards ANX, ANC

Hnh 2.6 Card ANC nhn t pha trc

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CHNG 3 BO HIU TRONG MNG THNG TIN DI

NG S GSM
3.1 MI QUAN H GIA M HNH OSI V H THNG BO HIU S 7
H thng bo hiu s 7 l mt loi thng tin s liu chuyn mch gi, n cng c cu trc
theo modul v rt ging vi m hnh OSI, nhng khc vi m hnh OSI c 7 lp th SS7 ch
c 4 lp.
Ba lp thp nht to thnh phn chuyn giao tin bo (MTP) v lp th 4 cha cc Phn ca
ngi s dng.
H thng bo hiu s 7 khng hon ton tng hp vi m hnh chun OSI . Mt im khc
nhau ln gia phn th nht ca SS7 v m hnh OSI l qu trnh thng tin trong mng. M
hnh OSI m t s trao i nh hng u ni s liu. Qu trnh thng tin bao gm ba trng
thi: thit lp u ni, chuyn giao s liu v ct . MTP ch cung cp dch v vn chuyn s
ct ni (ch c pha chuyn giao s liu) v y chuyn giao l mt cch truyn s liu nhanh
hn trong nhng khi lng nh.
Nhm p ng nhu cu ca cc dch v m rng trong nhng ng dng no , SCCP
(Phn iu khin u ni bo hiu) c b sung vo nm 1984 sch ca CCITT.
SCCP a ra c s vn chuyn s ct ni ca mng v nh hng u ni ca mng v
cung cp giao din gia lp mng v lp truyn ti ging nh i vi OSI. SCCP lm cho n
c kh nng s dng mng SS7, da trn MTP, nh l phn mang theo gia cc ng dng s
dng giao thc OSI trao i thng tin lp cao hn.
M t cc lp trong m hnh OSI :

Lp ng dng : lp ny cung cp cc dch v h tr cho qu trnh ng dng ca ngi s

dng v iu khin tt c cc thng tin gia cc ng dng. Th d c cc giao thc
chuyn giao file, x l tin bo, lu gi, khai thc v bo dng.

Lp trnh by : lp ny xc nh cc s liu c trnh by nh th no, c ngha l dng

ngn ng c php no th hin. Lp trnh by chuyn i c php (ngn ng) s
dng cc lp ng dng thnh c php (ngn ng) ph bin cn thit cho thng tin gia
cc ng dng.

Lp phin : lp phin thit lp s u ni gia cc lp trnh by cc h thng khc

nhau. N cng iu khin s u ni, s ng b ca cuc thoi v s ct cuc thoi.

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Lp truyn ti :lp ny m bo rng cc dch v m bo cht lng theo yu cu ng

dng. N c cc chc nng nh : pht hin li, sa li. Lp truyn ti ti u ho thng tin
s liu nh ghp hoc tch cc lung s liu trc khi chng i vo mng.

Lp mng : C s dch v ca lp mng l cung cp mt knh thng sut truyn dn

s liu gia cc lp truyn ti trong cc h thng khc nhau. Lp ny thit lp, duy tr v
gii phng s u ni gia cc h thng, x l a ch v nh tuyn cc mch in.

Lp lin kt s liu : Lp lin kt s liu (hay tuyn s liu) cung cp cc mch im ni

im khng c li gia cc lp ca mng. Lp ny bao gm cc ngun pht hin li,
sa li, iu khin v truyn ti.

Lp vt l : Lp ny cung cp in, c, cc th tc v chc nng hot ng, bo

dng cc mch vt l truyn dn cc bit gia cc lp lin kt s liu. Lp vt l c
chc nng bin i s liu thnh tn hiu thch hp vi mi trng truyn dn.
OSI
SS7

OMAP

Lp 7
ISUP

TUP

Lp 6
Lp 5
Lp 4
Lp 3
Lp 2
Lp 1

TCAP
SCCP
Mng bo hiu
MTP

Knh bo hiu
Knh s liu bo hiu
Hnh 3.1 Mi quan h gia bo hiu s 7 v m hnh chun OSI

3.2 CC KHI CHC NNG CA H THNG BO HIU S 7:

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Cc phn ca
ngi s dng
(UP)

Phn
chuyn
giao tin bo
(MTP)

Cc phn ca
ngi s dng
(UP)

Hnh 3.2 Cu trc c bn ca SS7

H thng bo hiu s 7 ca CCITT c chia thnh 2 phn:

Phn chuyn giao bn tin (MTP : Message Transfer Part)

MTP l mt h thng vn chuyn chung chuyn giao tin cy cc thng tin bo hiu

gia cc im bo hiu. Phn chuyn giao bn tin truyn ti cc thng tin bo hiu gia cc
phn ca ngi s dng khc nhau v ni dung ca cc tin bo ny l hon ton c lp vi
nhau. thc hin chc nng ny, MTP cn phi c :
- Cc bn tin cn phi c sa trc khi chng c chuyn giao ti phn ca ngi s
dng thu.
- Sa li lin tip.
- Khng b tn tht hoc lp li.
Cc phn ca ngi s dng (UP : User Part)
Cc phn ca ngi s dng c to ra v phn tch cc thng tin bo hiu. Chng s dng
MTP nh l chc nng truyn ti mang thng tin bo hiu ti cc phn ca ngi s dng
khc cng loi.
Mt s cc phn ca ngi s dng l:
-

TUP (Telephone User Part) : Phn ca ngi s dng in thoi.

DUP (Data User Part): Phn ca ngi s dng s liu.

ISUP (ISDN User Part) : Phn ca ngi s dng ISDN.

MTUP (Mobile Telephone User Part) : Phn ngi s dng in thoi di ng.

3.2 CU TRC MNG BO HIU GSM :

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MS

BTS

BSC

MSC

CM

CM

MM

MM

Lp 3
RR

RR
RR

BTSM

BTS
M

Lp 2 LAPDm

LAPDm

LAPD

Lp 1 Physical

Physical Physical

Um

LAPD
Physical

MSC/VLR
HLR,AUC,GMSC
PSTN

MAP

I
S
U
P
T
U
P

OSI

Lp 7

BSSAP

TCAP

SCCP

SCCP

SCCP

MTP -3

MTP -3

MTP -3

MTP -2

MTP -2

MTP -2

Lp 2

Physical

MTP -1

MTP -1

Lp 1

BSSA
P

A-bis

Lp 4-6
Lp 3

Cu trc mng bo hiu GSM theo m hnh OSI

Hnh 3.3

Cc k hiu :
CM (Connection Management) :Qun l ni thng.
MM (Mobility Management) :Qun l di ng.

RR (Radio Resource Management) :Qun l tim nng v tuyn.

LAPD (Link Access Procedures on Dm-chanel) :Cc th tc thm nhp ng truyn
knh Dm.

LAPD (Link Access Procedures on D-chanel) :Cc th tc thm nhp ng truyn

knh D.

BSTM (BTS Management) :Qun l trm BTS.

BSSAP (Base Station System Application Part) :Phn qun l ni thng trm gc.
SCCP (Signalling Conection Control Poart) :Phn qun l ni thng bo hiu.

MTP (Message Transfer Part) :Phn ng dng di ng.

MAP (Mobile Application Part) :Phn ng dng di ng.
TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part) :Phn ng dng cc kh nng trao i.
ISUP (ISDN User Part) :Phn ngi s dng.
TUP (Telephone User Part) :Phn ngi s dng in thoi.
3.2.1Cc lp trong kin trc mng bo hiu
Layer 1 : Lp mt l lp vt l dng giao tip khng trung.
Layer 2: Lp hai l lp lin kt d liu.

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Thng qua giao tip Um, lp lin kt d liu l mt phin bn sa i ca giao thc LAPD
(cc th tc truy tm knh D) s dng ISDN gi l LAPDm (cc th tc truy cp ng
truyn knh Dm). Thng qua giao tip A, lp hai s dng phn truyn bn tin (MTP) ca h
thng bo hiu s 7

Bo hiu gia ton b cc khi khc nhau trong cc phn c nh ca mng, nh gi

HLR v VLR, thc hin thng qua phn ng dng di ng (MAP). MAP c xy dng trn
phn ng dng kh nng chuyn tc (TCAP), lp trn cng ca h thng bo hiu s 7. Bn
chi tit k thut ca MAP rt phc tp
Lp 3 :

Layer 3:Cc knh logic

C th chia cc knh logic lm 2 loi : Knh lu thng v knh bo hiu iu khin.
a) Knh lu thng (TCH - Trafic channel)
Knh lu thng mang ting c m ho hoc s liu ca ngi s dng. Knh lu thng
gm 2 loi c nh ngha nh sau :

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Bm hay TCH ton tc (TCH/F), knh ny mang thng tin ting hoc s liu tc

khong 22,8 kbit/s.

Lm hay TCH bn tc (TCH/H), knh ny mang thng tin tc khong 11,4 kbit/s.

Cc knh bo hiu iu khin c chia thnh ba loi: cc knh iu khin qung b, cc

knh iu khin chung v dnh ring.
b) Cc knh iu khin

Cc knh iu khin qung b :

Cc knh hiu chnh tn s (FCCH- Frequency Correction Channel): mang thng tin

hiu chnh tn s cho cc trm MS. FCCH ch c s dng ng xung.

Knh ng b (SCH- Synchronization Channel): mang thng tin ng b khung cho

trm di ng MS v nhn dng BTS. SCH ch s dng cho ng xung.

Knh iu khin qung b (BCCH) : pht qung b cc thng tin chung v . Cc bn tin

ny gi l thng tin h thng . BCCH ch s dng cho ng xung.

Cc knh iu khin chung (CCCH - Common Control Channel) :

Knh tm gi (PCH- Paging Channel) :knh ny c s dng cho ng xung tm

trm di ng.

Knh thm nhp ngu nhin (RACH- Random Access Channel) : knh ny c MS s

dng yu cu dnh mt knh SDCCH.

Knh cho php thm nhp (AGCH- Access Granted Channel) : knh ny ch c s

dng ng xung ch nh mt knh SDCCH cho MS.

Cc knh iu khin dnh ring (DCCH - Dedicated Control Channel) :

Knh iu khin dnh ring ng mt mnh (SDCCH): knh ny ch c s dng dnh

ring cho bo hiu vi mt MS. SDCCH c s dng cho cc th tc cp nht v trong qu

trnh thit lp cuc gi trc khi n nh knh TCH. SDCCH s dng cho c ng xung ln
ng ln.

Knh iu khin lin kt chm (SACCH) : knh ny lin kt vi mt TCH hay mt

SDCCH. y l mt knh s liu lin tc mang cc thng tin lin tc nh: cc bn tin bo
co o lng, nh trc thi gian v iu khin cng sut. SACCH s dng cho c ng ln
ln ng xung.

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Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh (FACCH) : knh ny lin kt vi mt TCH. FACCH lm

vic ch ly cp bng cch thay i lu lng ting hay s liu bng bo hiu.

3.3 BO HIU GIA MSC V BSS (BSSAP)

Giao tip gia MSC v BSS l giao tip A. MSC v h thng trm c s (BSS) c ni vi
nhau nh mt knh PCM. Ngoi mt s cc knh thoi hoc s liu cn c cc khe thi gian
d tr cho bo hiu. S liu bo hiu khi u ni thit lp cuc gi, chuyn , gii phng cuc
gi ... thng s dng knh ny v n c th phc v cho mt hoc nhiu trm thu pht c s
(BTS). Cc giao thc c s dng cho bo hiu gia MSC v BSS l BSSAP (BSS
Application - Phn ng dng ca BSS), SCCP v MTP.
Giao tip A
MSC

BSS
BSSAP

DTAP

BSSAP
DTAP

BSSAP

BSSAP

Phn lp phn b

Phn lp phn b

SCCP
MTP

SCCP
MTP

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Hnh 3.5. Bo hiu gia MSC v BSS

Phn iu khin u ni bo hiu (SCCP) cung cp kh nng mang thng tin gia
MSC v BSS. SCCP cung cp 2 nguyn tc bo hiu khc nhau l : Bo hiu khng u ni
(CL) v Bo hiu u ni nh hng (CO). Khi mt s cc tin bo lin quan c pht i, s
u ni bo hiu logic c th c thit lp v cc tin bo u ni nh hng c th c
pht u ni bo hiu. BSSAP pht cc tin bo lin quan vi mt MS c th phng thc
u ni nh hng SCCP.
BSSAP x l 2 nhm tn hiu :
Tin bo chuyn giao trc tip gia MSC v MS, chuyn giao qua BSS. S chuyn giao
ny l iu khin cuc gi (nh lnh rung chung ti mt MS c th) v cc tin bo qun
l di ng.
Cc tin bo qun l BSS gia MSC v BSS qun l ngun, iu khin chuyn , lnh
nhn tin ...
BSSAP c 2 chc nng ca ngi s dng khc nhau cho cc nhm trn.
l : Phn ng dng chuyn giao trc tip (DTAP) v Phn ng dng qun l BSS
(BSSMAP).
S phn b tin bo BSSAP gia BSSMAP v DTAP c thc hin lp giao thc trung
gian gia SCCP v BSS - MAP/DTAP, c gi l phn lp phn b. Giao thc i vi phn
lp ny bao gm s qun l mt hoc hai octet khi s liu phn b. Mi tin bo BSSAP cha
trong trng s liu ca ngi s dng SCCP phi c mt khi s liu phn b nh l tip
u theo tin bo ca DTAP hoc BSSAP c th.
BSSAP

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Khi s liu

Thng tin di ng
phn

b
di

Phn bit

DLCI

di
Loi tin bo

Tin bo

Phn bit

di
TI

PD

Loi tin bo

Phn t thngtin

Phn t thngtin

Phn t thngtin

Phn t thngtin

Hnh 3.6. Khun dng ca tin bo BSSAP

DLCI : (Data Link Connection Identifier) : Nhn dng u ni knh s liu.
TI (Transfer Identifier) : Khi nhn dng giao dch.
PD : Khi phn bit giao thc.

Tin bo DTAP cng c mt octet trng khi s liu phn b, gi l nhn dng u ni
knh s liu (DLCI). N thng c s dng nhn dng knh v tuyn v cng xc
nh gi tr khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI - Service Access Point Identifier)
s dng knh v tuyn (v d SAPI = 0 ngha l bo hiu). TI l khi nhn dng giao dch
v PD l khi phn bit giao thc.
C 3 loi tin bo xc nh BSSAP l : tin bo BSSMAP, tin bo DTAP v tin bo khi
u MS.

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Mng
DTAP
MSC

Tin bo khi u MS

MS

BSSMAP

Hnh 3.7. S khc bit logic gia cc tin bo BSSMAP, DTAP v khi u MS
Cc tin bo BSSMAP :
Cc tin bo BSSMAP c s dng qun l ngun, iu khin chuyn .. . Tin bo
BSSMAP c chia thnh tin bo khng u ni v tin bo u ni nh hng.
(Xem hnh 4.6)
Cc tin bo DTAP v khi u MS :
Cc tin bo DTAP v khi u MS c chuyn giao gia MSC v MS, v c kt hp
vi iu khin cuc gi, qun l s chuyn dch.. . Nhng tin bo ny cha 2 trng : Phn
bit giao thc (PD) v Nhn dng giao dch (TI) bn cnh Loi tin bo v Cc phn t
thng tin. Mc ch ca phn b giao thc l phn bit gia cc tin bo thuc v cc th
tc sau :
- iu khin cuc gi.
- Qun l s di ng.
- Qun l ngun v tuyn.
- iu khin dch v b sung.
- Cc th tc bo hiu khc.
Mc ch ca nhn dng giao dch l phn bit gia nhiu loi hot ng song song (cc
giao dch) trong mt trm di ng. TI tng ng vi chun cuc gi xc nh giao
thc lp 3 cho ISDN (khuyn ngh Q.931 ca CCITT).
C 3 loi tin bo DTAP chnh :

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Tin bo qun l s di ng. Xem hnh 4.7.

Tin bo iu khin cuc gi u ni ch mch in. Xem hnh 4.8.
Tin bo cho cuc gi lin quan ti iu khin dch v b sung.
i vi loi tin bo ny c mt loi tin bo c xc nh gi l trang b (Facility). N
cha mt phn t thng tin tn l "facility", phn t ny dch v yu cu h tr c xc
nh.
3.4 BO HIU GIA BSC V BTS (LAPD)
Giao tip gia b iu khin trm c s v trm thu pht c s (BTS) c gi l giao tip
A- bis. Nh vy giao tip ny trong h thng trm c s (BSS). Xem hnh v 4.9
C 2 loi knh thng tin gia BSC v BTS
- Knh lu lng - mang thoi hoc s liu cho cc knh v tuyn
- Knh bo hiu - mang thng tin bo hiu cho chnh BTS hoc cho cc MS
H thng trm c s
Giao tip A

Giao tip A-bis

BSC

BTS

Hnh 3.8. Giao tip A- bis

Giao thc s dng vn chuyn nhng tin bo bo hiu gia BSC v BTS l LAPD (lp
2), n c cu trc ging nh giao thc lp 2 ISDN (bo hiu ca knh D).

LAPD cung cp 2 loi tn hiu :

- Chuyn giao thng tin khng c tha nhn, khng m bo phn pht khung thng
tin n a ch t kt qu.
- Chuyn giao thng tin c tha nhn, v h thng m bo khung thng tin ti c
ch. Cu trc khung trong LAPD c ch ra hnh 4.10.

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Bo co thc tp
F

N(R)

FCS

Thng tin di ng
Thng tin

di

Lnh

a ch

16

P/F

N(S)
TEI

0
1 SAPI

CK

Hnh 3.9. Cu trc khung ca LAPD

FCS : Kim tra tng ca mt khung.

N(R) : S trnh t pht.

N(S) : S trnh t thu.

F : C nh du s bt u, kt thc ca mt khung.
P/F : Bit hi / p.
TEI : Nhn dng im u cui.
SAPI : Nhn dng im thm nhp dch v.
C/R : Lnh tr li.
Mi khung giao thc LAPD c gii hn bi c (Flag) dng chui 8 bit 01111110.
Pha thu s dng c ny ng b im khi u ca khung. trnh vic gi nhm bn
trong khung ngi ta s dng k thut chn bit : pha pht chn mt s 0 sau nm bit 1
lin tip cn pha thu s loi b bit 0 ny.
Trng a ch cha khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI) v khi nhn dng kt
cui ca im cui (TEI) c s dng truy nhp vo thc th ng v chc nng ng
u thu.
Trng iu khin c s dng iu khin tun t v yu cu pht li. Trng iu
khin phn bit gia ch c cng nhn v khng cng nhn. Trong ch cng nhn
trng iu khin cha N(S) v N(R) pht i s th t pht v s th t thu. N(S) ch ra s
th t ca khung c pht, cn N(R) ch ra s th t m pha pht khung ny ang ch thu.
Cc s th t c s dng thc hin giao thc iu khin lung c tn l Ca s trt.
Giao thc ny cho php pha pht mt s khung nht nh (c gi l Kch thc ca s)
m khng cn i s cng nhn cho mi khung.
Vic u ni gia BSC v BTS l nh mt knh PCM, mt trong cc knh c dnh
cho bo hiu, s dng giao LAPD. C vi chc nng BTS, th d c mt s b thu pht
(TRX) cng c s dng bo hiu n cc my di ng. Cng c mt s chc nng iu

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khin c s (BCF) trong BTS nh bc nhy tn s, cc chc nng chung cho v tr nh l

cc cnh bo bn ngoi, ngun cung cp ...
Qun l ng truyn (LAPD): l chc nng c bn m bo cc ng truyn s liu
cc kt ni vt l 64 kbit/s gia BSC v BTS. Cc ng truyn ny c cung cp cho cc
mc ch sau :

ng truyn bo hiu v tuyn (RSL).

ng truyn khai thc v bo dng (OML).

ng truyn qun l lp 2 (L2ML).

Mi ng vt l (khe thi gian 64 kbit/s trong lung 2M) cha mt tp hp cc ng

truyn s liu, mi ng truyn s liu ny c nh s nhn dng bng mt cp TEI/SAPI

duy nht.

TEI : Terminal End Point Identifier (nhn dng im cui ca u cui). TEI trng

a ch c s dng truy nhp vo cc thc th khc nhau nh l mt TRX ring cho bo

hiu v tuyn. Cc thit b u cui (c nhn dng bng cc gi tr TEI) trong GSM ca
loi phn nh TEI khng t ng.

SAPI : Service Access Point Identifier (nhn dng im thm nhp dch v). SAPI

trng a ch c s dng truy nhp cc chc nng khc nhau nh TRX, BCF v cc th
tc qun l lp 2. Cc gi tr ca SAPI sau y c s dng trong bo hiu gia BSC v
BTS :

SAPI

Cc chc nng

Cc th tc bo hiu v tuyn

62

Cc th tc khai thc v bo dng

63

Cc th tc qun l lp 2

Thit lp ng truyn :
Trc ht cc ng truyn s liu LAPD c thit lp cc u ni vt l gia BSC v

BTS khi lp t hay m rng thit b. Mt u ni vt l c s dng cho bo hiu ti mt

hay nhiu thit b u cui (TRXC chng hn) ca BTS. Cc thit b u cui u ni n
ng vt l ny c nhn dng bi TEI (u ni phn cng pha sau my khi lp t thit

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b) v lnh do ngi khai thc ci t. Mt ng truyn L2ML s c cung cp trn tt c

cc kt ni vt l. Sau tt c cc thit b u cui c trang b mt ng truyn OML v
cc phn t bo hiu v tuyn c trang b RLS.
Truyn dn s liu :

Trn cc ng truyn s liu c thit lp pht li v iu khin lung tn hiu c

thc hin m bo cung cp dch v an ton cho lp 3 trong qu trnh truyn dn s liu.
iu khin lung thc hin iu khin trnh t, kim sot s khung thiu v cc iu kin bn
ca my thu. S ln pht li c gii hn bi thng s ca h thng.
Gim st ng truyn :

m bo truyn dn tin cy v hiu qu cc khung LAPD, vic pht hin li v pht hin
s c ng truyn c thc hin lp 2 gim st cc ng truyn.
Gii phng ng truyn :

Giao thc LAPD bao hm chc nng gii phng ng truyn phc v cho cc lp cao
hn.

3.5 BO HIU GIA BTS V MS (LAPDm)

LAPDm l giao thc s dng cho bo hiu gia b thu pht BTS v trm di ng (MS).
Giao din gia MS v b thu pht c gi l giao din khng gian (Um). Mc ch ca giao
thc LAPDm l truyn dn bo hiu qua knh v tuyn c an ton. iu ny c ngha l
tin bo ca lp 3 c th c pht trong cc iu kin c iu khin.
LAPDm c t lp 2 theo m hnh OSI. Phn ngi s dng t trn lp LAPDm
(lp 3)..
Giao thc LAPDm tng t nh LAPD s dng giao din Abis, ngoi ra n c sa
i ph hp vi cc c trng ring bit ca knh v tuyn.

Lp 3

Lp 2

Lp 1

Cc ngi s dng

Khi qun l ALH

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Phng el
Cc tn SVTH:
hiu aTrn
qua
truyn dn

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Hnh 3.10. - LAPDm theo m hnh OSI

Cc chc nng ca giao thc LAPDm l :
- S u ni v khng u ni ca cc knh logic.
- Thit lp v gii phng cc knh s liu.
- Chuyn giao s liu n v i t MS, s dng c ch tha nhn v khng tha
nhn.
LAPDm c iu khin bng mt khi phn mm gi l khi x l knh khng gian
(ALH) v LAPDm, chng cng x l tt c bo hiu ca giao din khng gian. Xem hnh
4.11.
Chng trnh ca ALH s c t TRXC (B iu khin thu pht), y l b x l
BSS.
Khun dng tin bo LAPDm rt ging vi khun dng tin bo LAPD. Xem hnh 4.12.
trng a ch, khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI) c th c 2 gi tr khc
nhau :
-

SAPI = 0 ch th rng tin bo hoc cha s liu hoc cha tin bo in thoi.

- SAPI = 3 ch th y l bn tin bo co.

Khun dng khung loi A

S octet

Khun dng khung loi B

a ch

a ch

iu khin

iu khin

Ch th di

Ch th di

Cc bit lm y

Thng tin
Cc bit lm y

Hnh 3.11 - Khun dng tin bo ca LAPDm

Trong th tc LAPDm, ngi ta khng dng c v cu trc khi c sn ca lp vt l.

Mt khung LAPDm c cc i 23 octet (1 byte 8 bit) trn TCH v 21 octet trn SACCH.
Nhng octet khng dng c lp y gi tr khng nhm c, chng hn 00101011.Cc
khung t tin c kh nng nhm vi cm FCCH nn gi tr lp trn y ng vi ti thiu xc

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xut nhm, ring ng truyn MS-BTS vn lp ch trng bng 1111 1111 theo np c c
t trc.

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CHNG 4 GII THIU CC DCH V TRIN KHAI TRN

H THNG 2.5G
Cc Dch V Trn Nn GSM
Ngy nay, in thoi di ng tr nn ph bin, n khng cn l cng c ch gi v
nhn cuc gi m cn th hin c nhiu dch v phong ph i km khc. Cc nh cung cp
dch v trong nc a phn trin khai h thng di ng 2G (GSM), nn nhng dch v gii
thiu sau y s rt gn gi v d hiu vi bn. Trong phn ny, cc dch v c ci t trn
Mobifone c th lin h trn thc t.

4.1 Dch V Tin Nhn

Dch v ny rt ph bin trong gii tr, khi bn mun ni nhng li yu thng, gin
di m khng ni c th dch v ny rt thch hp v c bit cc rt thp (ch 200 VN/1
tin nhn). Dch v tin nhn cho php bn gi v nhn bn tin di dng ch vit. lm c
vic ny, mng GSM phi c thm mt thnh phn SMS-C

Gii thiu
Dch v nhn tin c rt nhiu li ch khi s dng:
Rt thun tin gip bn chuyn tin nhn vo bt c lc no bn mun.
Rt d s dng gi mt tin nhn cng d dng nh ni chuyn qua in thoi cn
gip bn t nhin hn.
Lun gi c tin nhn.
Cc tin nhn lun c chuyn ngay cho ngi nhn, k c khi ngi ang ni
chuyn trn in thoi. Nu s in thoi ca bn gi tin ang tt my hay ngoi
vng ph sng, tin nhn s c lu li v gi ngay cho ngi nhn khi my c
bt ln.
Bn cnh cc ph thp hn so vi mt cuc gi. V nhng tin ch ny m lp
tr rt thch dng dch v ny.

Cch ci t dch v nhn tin ngn

Bc 1: Vo danh mc Menu v tm n mc Messages
Bc 2: Trong mc Messages tm n Message Settings
Bc 3: Trong mc Messages Settings tm n Message Center Number
Bc 4: Nhp s ci t ca h thng:
S ci t dch v nhn tin ngn trn my:
Ti min Bc v Trung: +84900000012
Ti min Nam: +84900000018

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Bc 5: Nhn Ok hoc Send xc nhn s va nhp.

Cu hnh dch v tin nhn

Short Message Service (SMS) cung cp mt phng php gi bn tin vn bn, bao
gm 160 k t tr ln t mt MS v n mt MS. SMS c lm ra t mt SMS Centre
(SMS-C), hot ng nh mt thanh ghi v l trung tm gi bn tin ngn.
SMS bao gm hai dch v c bn sau:

MS nhn SMS: t mt SMS-C n mt MS

MS gi SMS: t mt MS n mt SMS-C

Trong c hai trng hp, MS u trng thi ri. Nu MS trong trng thi hot ng,
th bn tin ngn c truyn trn knh SACCH.

MS gi SMS

MS gi SMS ph thuc vo MS n SMS-C. N cng cung cp thng tin v s phn

pht bn tin ngn, phn pht bn bo co hoc bn bo li.

Hnh 4. 1. MS gi SMS
1. MS thit lp mt kt ni n mng, nh trng hp thit lp cuc gi thng thng.
Bc ny khng c thc thi nu MS trong trng thi hot ng, khi kt ni tn ti
ri.
2. Nu chng thc thnh cng, MS s dng bn tin ngn trn knh SDCCH n SMS-C
qua MSC/VLR. SMS-C thay i hng gi bn tin ngn n ch ca n. C th l
mt MS hoc mt thit b c nh trong mng, nh PC chng hn.

MS nhn SMS
MS nhn SMS l kh nng truyn bn tin ngn t SMS-C n MS.

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Hnh 4. 2. MS nhn SMS

1. Mt user gi bn tin n mt SMS-C
2. SMS-C gi bn tin n SMS-GMSC
3. HLR nh tuyn bn tin tr li SMS-GMSC
4. SMS-GMSC gi bn tin tr li n MSC/VLR
5. MS c nh du v mt kt ni c thit lp gia MS v mng, ging nh cuc
gi thng thng.
6. Nu chng thc thnh cng, MSC/VLR phn phi bn tin n MS. Bn tin ngn c
truyn trn knh tn hiu SDCCH
7. Nu s phn phi thnh cng, mt bn bo co c gi t MSC/VLR n SMS-C.
Nu khng, HLR c thng bo bi MSC/VLR, v bn tin bo li c gi n
SMS-C.
8. HLR v VLR, c mt bn tin ang i phn pht n MS. Sau HLR bo cho
SMS-C bit khi MS trng thi sn sng.

4.2 Hin Th S Gi n:
Cc nh doanh nghip thng hay phi ch mt s nhng cuc in thoi quan trng
v thng khng thi gian ni chuyn vi tt c mi ngi gi n. Vi dch v hin
th s thu bao gi n bn c th bit ai gi cho bn trc khi bn tr li, s in thoi ca
ngi gi n s hin ln trn mn hnh, vi cch ny bn bit c ai ang gi n trc khi
tr li, bit c cuc gi c cn thit hay khng.

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Hnh 4. 3. M hnh dch v hin th s gi n

Khi MS thc hin cuc gi, MSC s nhn din s ngi gi (CNI). Khi thu bao ci
dch v hin th s gi n, th BSC/MSC gi thng tin s ngi gi n thu bao nhn cuc
gi. Nu ci dch v khng hin th s gi n, BSC/MSC ch thc hin tm gi khng gi
thng tin v s thu bao gi.

4.3 Dch V USSD:

Dch v USSD dch v mi gip bn c th bm phm tt np tin v kim tra ti
khon nhanh chng, thun tin v min ph. Ch s dng cho thu bao tr trc.

Hnh 4. 4. M hnh USSD

Np tin vo ti khon:

1. Co lp trng bc bit m s np tin

2. T bn phm my in thoi di ng bm: *100* m s np tin #OK

Kim tra ti khon:

T bn phm my in thoi di ng bm: *101# OK

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H thng s thng bo s tin hin c trong ti khon v thi gian s dng

4.4 Tin Nhn Qung B:

Cell Broadcast, Area Info, hoc Info Service l dch v cung cp thng tin min ph
cho khch hng Mobifone v MobiCard di dng tin nhn. Tin nhn c gi t ng cho
khch hng ti mt thi im nht nh. Thng tin cung cp qua dch v ny c th l thng
tin v thi tit trong khu vc, t gi hi oi, tin kt qu th thao v nhiu thng tin khc cn
thit cho ngi s dng.

Bn tin nhn c thng khng th lu, khng gi c, v s t ng b xa khi

bn c xong.

Bn c th t ch cho my in thoi ca mnh sao cho ch nhn c nhng loi

bn tin m bn quan tm. Bn ch c th nhn c Bn tin khi bt my ti thi im
pht tin.

Cch s dng
Bc 1: Ci t chc nng nhn tin nhn qung b

Vo Menu chn Messages hoc Mail ri bm OK (hoc Yes)

Chn Cell Broadcast hoc Area Info ri bm Ok hoc Yes

Bc 2: t ch nhn tin Read hoc Receive hy chn On hoc Active hoc

Enable.

4.5 Dch V Tra Cu:

Dch V Tra Cu Lch Vn Nin

Lch vn nin c bit hu ch cho nhng ai cn tra cu ngy m/Dng. Tt c u

c cung cp bng tin nhn n ngay TD ca qu khch.

xem lch M ca ngy dng hin ti:

L (nhn tin nhn ting Vit)
D(nhn tin nhn ting Anh)
ri gi n 921

Xem lch m ca mt ngy dng bt k:

DL<ngy.thng.nm> ri gi n 921

Xem lch dng ca mt ngy m lch bt k:

AL<ngy.thng.nm> ri gi n 921

Dch V Tra Cu Thng Tin Chng Khon

Hin nay, th trng chng khon ang rt si ng. Dch v ny cho php bn c th
nhanh chng c c nhng thng tin chi tit, lin tc cp nht ca tt c cc c phiu ang

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c nim yt trn sn giao dch chng khon H Ni v TP H Ch Minh, ch s VNIndex,

HASTCIndex v nhng thng tin nng hi nht trong ngy.
Son tin nhn theo mu gi ti s 9222
Tra gi chng khon: CK M chng khon
Tra ch s VNIndex: CK VNI
Tra ch s HASTCIndex: CK HASTC
Xem tin chng khon: CK

4.6 Dch V Fax-data:

Dch v Fax-Data l dch v gi tr gia tng c cung cp cho khch hng s dng
mng thng tin di ng MobiFone. s dng c dch v ny bn ch vic kt ni my
in thoi di ng MobiFone vi mt my tnh xch tay thng qua card Fax Data (card
PCMCIA).

Hnh 4. 5. card PCMCIA

S u ni cc thit b

Cc chc nng dch v Fax

Gi v nhn cc bn Fax

Truy nhp vo internet, hoc vo mt my tnh khc.

Gi v nhn e-mail.

Gi v nhn cc file d liu gia hai my tnh.

C ng: Dch v Fax-Data gip bn c mt vn phng di ng bt c ni no

trong vng ph sng ca MobiFone.

An ton: Cc thng tin truyn trn mng u c m ho nn c tnh an ton cao.

Gi cc hp l: Cc dch v Fax-Data c tnh theo bng gi cc thng tin di

ng hin hnh.

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D s dng: Vi s tr gip ca VMS-MobiFone v cc phn mm s dng fax, data

(c bn trn th trng hoc c cung cp khi bn mua card Fax-Data) bn c th
dch v Fax

Chnh xc: Dch v Fax-Data vi h thng kim tra v sa li nhiu chiu m bo

chnh xc ca cc thng tin gi v nhn.

ng k dch v

Bn c th ng k dch v fax hoc data hay c 2 dch v fax v data

s dng mng Internet, Netnam, Tr tu Vit nam ... khch hng phi ng k dch
v vi cc nh cung cp dch v ny.

S dng cho dch v fax - data

Khi ng k dch v fax - data bn s nhn c mt s (090 XXXXXX) dng cho

dch v fax v mt s khc dng cho dch v data.

S fax, s data s khc vi s in thoi bn ang s dng

4.7 Dch V MCA (Missed Call Alert):

Dch v thng bo cuc gi nh MCA ca MobiFone l dch v tin ch cho php
khch hng l thu bao di ng ca mng MobiFone tra cu thng tin v cuc gi nh bng
tin nhn SMS hoc bng cch truy nhp website dch v, trong khong thi gian khi thu bao:

Thu bao tt my

Ngoi vng ph sng

My ht pin

Thu bao roaming nc ngoi

Kin trc MCA

Dch v MCA lm tha mn yu cu ca khch hng. c bit, MCA khng th dng

chung vi dch v hp th thoi. Mt Telesofl MSC kt hp vi SMS thng bo cuc gi
nh cho khch hng.

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Hnh 4. 6. Kin trc dch v MCA

1. Yu cu cuc gi c kt mi n MSC, MSC/VLR truy vn n HLR, HLR xc
nh c trng thi ca thu bao: tt my, bn, khng lin lc uc
2. Cuc gi c nh tuyn n nt dch v MCA trn s pht hin iu kin hng ti.
3. Nt MCA tp hp s in thoi ca ngi c gi, l do cho trng thi cuc gi v
trnh thng bo cuc gi nh n SMSC.
4. SMSC gi bn tin thng bo n MSC/VLR, v t y chuyn n s ngi gi

ng k s dng dch v
C th ng k theo 2 cch:
ng k qua SMS: Son tin nhn: DK, gi n s 9232

ng k ti Website: Truy nhp

www.mobifone.com.vn ng k s dng dch v

vo

ch

website

MobiFone

Tra cu thng tin v cc cuc gi nh gn nht

C th tra cu theo 2 cch:

Son tin nhn: MCA v gi n s 9232. H thng s gi thng tin v cc cuc gi

nh gn nht ca bn bng tin nhn.
Truy cp website MobiFone

4.8 Dch V Hp Th Thoi:

Dch v ny hot ng nh mt my tr li t ng truyn thng. Khi thu bao b gi
trong trng thi: khng lin lc c, tt my, bn, hoc cha nghe cth cuc gi s
c chuyn vo hp th thoi. Khi thu bao gi n cuc gi v cuc gi c cu hnh
chuyn sang hp th thoi trong trng hp tng ng. Khi y, ngi gi s nhn c li

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cho t hp th thoi v c php li thng ip cho ngi gi. Sau , h thng s t

ng gi thng bo bng tin nhn cho ngi nhn ngay khi c th, ngi nhn s gi vo s
nh sn nghe li nhn.

Kin trc hp th thoi

Hnh 4. 7. Kin trc hp th thoi

1. Thc hin cuc gi n MSC/VLR.
2. MSC/VLR c gng hon thnh cuc gi, xc nh trng thi ca thu bao khng nhn
cuc gi c, s chuyn hng n hp th thoi.
3. Hp th thoi lu li nhn ca ngi gi.
4. Mt thng tin hp th thoi c gi n MSC/VLR.
5. MSC/VLR xc nh thu bao hot ng li s gi tin nhn hp th thoi n thu bao.

4.9 Dch V Gi, Ch V Chuyn Tip Cuc Gi:

Dch v ch cuc gi

Vi dch v ch cuc gi, bn c th tm thi dng m thoi vi ngi th nht

tr li cuc gi n th 2 v tip tc tr li cuc gi th nht nu cn.
Dch v ny cho php bn x l 2 cuc gi cng mt lc v m bo d bn ang bn
m thoi bn cng khng bao gi b l bt c mt cuc gi no.

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Hnh 4. 8. Gi cuc gi

Dch v gi cuc gi

Dch v gi cuc gi cho php bn thit lp 2 cuc gi cng mt lc. Bn c th m

thoi lun phin vi nhiu ngi cng mt lc m vn m bo thng tin c tuyt i gi
b mt

Dch v chuyn tip cuc gi

Vi dch v chuyn tip cuc gi, cuc gi s c chuyn n mt s my khc do

chnh bn chn. Hin c 4 trng hp chuyn tip cuc gi cho bn la chn:
Khi my in thoi ca bn bn
Khi bn khng th tr li
Khi my ca bn tm ngng hot ng do ht pin hoc ngoi vng ph sng

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9.kt ni

Hnh 4. 9. Chuyn tip cuc gi

Bn c th lp mt danh sch s in thoi chuyn tip vi u tin khc nhau m
bn cm thy thch hp. Vi u tin ny, nu khng lin lc c dch v s chuyn n s
in thoi thch hp nht m bn chn.
Chuyn tip tt c cc cuc gi n

4.10 Dch V Hi Thoi:

Nhiu thu bao c th m thoi cng nhau, h tr n 6 thu bao. Khi s dng dch
v ny, bn s c c nhng li ch sau:
Nhm 6 ngi c th tranh lun, hn huyn vi nhau qua in thoi
C th thng tin cng lc cho nhiu ngi, khng mt thi gian thc hin cc cuc
gi ring l.
Bn khng phi tr cc nu nh ai gi v mi bn tham d vo cuc ni chuyn
hi ngh nh th. c bit hu dng t chc thc hin cc cuc hi hp nh, khi
m bn khng c iu kin hn mi ngi li gp g vi nhau.

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Hnh 4. 10. M hnh dch v m thoi

Nu bn mun ni chuyn cng lc vi nhiu ngi khc, bn hy thc hin cuc gi
sau trong khi ang ni chuyn vi cuc gi trc m khng cn bt k thao tc no thm. Khi
cuc gi sau c kt ni, bn nhn ( ) thit lp m thoi

4.11 Mt S Dch V Khc:

Dch v thng tin bng tin nhn

Bn c th nhanh chng c c nhng thng tin hu ch v bn tin trong nc, bn

tin th thao, thi tit, kt qu x s bn ch cn son tin nhn theo cu lnh hng dn v
gi ti 9222, ngay lp tc bn s nhn c thng tin bng SMS ti s in thoi ca mnh.

Live Score

" Live Score" dch v Thng tin bng trc tuyn qua tin nhn dnh cho cc khch
hng MobiFone, Mobil Card v Mobi4U. Vi " Live Score" bn s nhn c thng tin trc
tip v cc bn thng, tn cu th ghi bn, kt qu ca tng trn u trong cc gii: gii ngoi
hng Anh, cp quc gia Anh, ngoi hng Ty Ban Nha, gii v ch quc gia c, vng loi
EURO 2004, gii v ch , cp C1 v cp UEFA qua cc bn tin nhn gi ti my in thoi
di ng ca bn.

SIM 32Kb

SIM 32Kb l loi SIM c b nh dung lng 32Kb v hin c cung cp cho cc
thu bao tr trc. Ngoi cc tnh nng thng thng ca SIM 16Kb nh kh nng nhp mng
v thit lp cuc gi/ nhn cuc gi, gi/ nhn tin nhn, SIM 32Kb c tch hp hng lot cc
dch v tra cu thng tin bng SMS t trong menu MobiFone vi nhiu chuyn mc hp dn
nh: Tra gi chng khon, kt qu x s, Kt qu bng , Gii tr, Tm my ATM, T vn
Bn ch cn la chn thng tin mong mun

Super SIM

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Super SIM l loi SIM c b nh 64K- ln gp bn ln SIM thng thng hin ang
cung cp ti Vit Nam. Ngoi cc dch v hin c trn SuperSIM phin bn c nh: Tra cu
kt qu x s, kt qu bng , thng tin chng khon, t ngy 21/11/06, Super SIM phin
bn mi nht ca MobiFone b sung thm nhiu chuyn mc mi hp dn nh: Gii tr,
Tm my ATM, T vn, B quyt, Gi c th trng

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CHNG 5 NGUYN L A THM NHP TRONG MNG

THNG TIN DI NG S GSM
5.1 TNG QUAN
giao din v tuyn MS v BTS li lc vi nhau bng sng v tuyn. Do ti nguyn v
tn s c hn m s lng thu bao khng tng ln nn ngoi vic s dng lai tn s trong
mi Cell s knh tn s c dng chung theo kiu trung k
H thng trung k v tuyn l h thng v tuyn c s knh sn sn phc v ch hn s
ngi dng kh d. X l trung k cho php tt c ngi dng s dng chung mt cch trt t
s knh c hn v chng ta bit cht rng xc sut mi thu bao cng lc cn knh l thp.
Phng thc s dng chung cc knh gi l a truy nhp.
Hin nay, ngi ta s dng ba phng thc a truy nhp :
+ FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) :a thm nhp phn chia theo tn s.
phng php ny mi trm di ng c dnh ring mt knh vi mt cp tn s thm
nhp n trm gc (BTS). Phc v cc cuc gi theo cc knh tn s khc nhau.
+ TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) :a thm nhp phn chia theo thi gian.
phng php ny cc trm di ng s dng chung mt knh tn s nhng ch c thm
nhp n trm gc (bts) cc khong thi gian khc nhau.
+CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) :a thm nhp phn chia theo m. phng
php ny cc trm di dng u dng chung mt bng tn nhng s dng cc m khc nhau
thm nhp n trm gc (BTS).

Hnh 5.1 K thut a truy nhp FDMA, TDMA, CDMA

5.2 Cc Phng Php a Truy Nhp :

5.2.1 FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) :a thm nhp phn chia theo tn s.

User 1
F1

User 2
F2

User 3
F3

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User 1
F1

User 2
F2

User 3
F3

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Trong h thng FDMA, bmg thng lm vic ca ngn ti nguyn thng tin c chia ra
thnh nhiu bng tn nh, mi bng tn nh ny c gi l mt knh v s cp pht cho mt
User truy ut vo mng.
Nh vy mi User s truy xut vo mng bng cc tn s khc nhau nn c gi l a truy
xut phn chia theo tn s. Trong cc phng php ny, phn bit cc User khc nhau th
phn bit bng cc tn s ln vic ca n.
lm vic ng vi tn s c cp pht, tai my pht ca mi User, mi knh tn hiu
c iu ch vi sng mang thch hp sao cho ph ca tn hiu sau khi iu ch khng
chng cho ln nhau.
Ti my thu s thu chn la knh tn hiu ch nh bng mt thng di tng ng. FDMA
c th c s dng cho tt c cc phng php iu ch nh iu ch bin , iu ch tn
s v iu ch pha

f
Trong phng php FDMA ny cho php cc User truyn dn lin tc, n c u im l
khng cn thit nh thi ng b v cc thit b s dng kh n gin. Tuy nhin v do bng
thng ca ti nguyn rt hn ch nn phng php ny c dung lng khng cao v khng
linh hot trog vic phn phi knh.
Ngoi ra, phng php a thm nhp phn chia theo thi gian FDMA cn c mt nhc
im l rt d b nhiu xuyn knh.
Trong mng thng tin di ng s GSM, FDMA dc s dng bng vic chia tn s thnh
cc knh c rng 200 KHz. Trong h thng thng tin di dng th h 3G mi knh c
rng l 125 KHz.

Ti Nguyn Thng Tin

User 1

User 2

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User 3

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User 4

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5.2.2 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) :a thm nhp phn chia theo thi gian.

User 1
F 1/Lost 1

User 1
F 1/Lost 1

User 2
F 2/Lost 2

User 2
F 2/Lost 2

User 3
F 3/Lost 3

User 3
F 3/Lost 3

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A FIXED FERQUENCY SEPARATION

TDMA l mt phng php a truy xut m cc User thay phin nhau truy xut vo ngun
ti nguyn thng tin theo cc khong thi gian cho php.
lm c vic ny, thi gian lm vic c chia thnh nhiu khung nh gi l khung
thi gian, mi khung c chia thnh cc khong nh hn gi l khe thi gian.
Mi khe thi gian ny s c cp pht cho mt User khi User cn truy xut vo mng .
Trong TDMA, cc User lm vic khng lin tc nn cn gi l phng php thu pht gin
on
u im ca phng php ny l cc User c th s dng tn s ging nhau truy xut
vo mng, do hiu qu s dng tn s c nng ln v dung lng ca h thng tng cao.
Ngoi ra v c th d dng thay i c dung lng truyn ti bng vic thay i khong
thi gian pht/thu, nn h thng ny c u im l linh hot trong vic cp pht knh.
5.2.3 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) :a thm nhp phn chia theo m :

User 1,code 1

User 1,code A

User 2,code 2

User 2,code B

User 3,code 3

User 3,code C

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Trong h thng CDMA, tn hiu trc khi truyn i c iu ch tri ph lm cho

rng
Ph tng ln gp nhiu ln. Khi t s tn hiu trn tp m s gim xung rt thp.
Mc ch ban u ca vic tri ph l bo mt thng tin. thc hin vic tri ph th cn
s dng mt chui tn hiu m m gi tc l tn m hay m. u thu , nu mun thu c
tin hiu ny th phi dn ph li, ngha l my thu phi to ra mt tn hiu m ging nh u
pht.
Trong h thng ny, mi User truy xut vo mng s c cp pht cho php s dng mt tn
m no v cc User s c phn bit bng cc m s dng. im c o ca phng
php ny l cc User c th s dng cng bng tn v cng khe thi gian nn hiu qu s
dng ngun ti nguyn rt cao, dung lng ca h thng rt ln. Mt khc ngoi tn nng bo
mt tn hiu rt tt, h thng ny cn c kh nng chng li can nhiu ca cc h thng khc,
n cng to ra ch nhiu cho cc h thng khc.

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CC T VIT TT

1xEV
1xEV-DO
1xEV-DV
3G
3GPP
AAA
ACTS
AoA
ADSL
A-GPS
AMPS
ANSI
AP
API
ARIB
ATD
ATM
BM-SC
BS

CATT

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1xEvolution
Cc tin trin da trn CDMA mt sng mang
1xEvolution Data Only
1xEV ti u cho d liu
1x Evolution Data and Void
1xEV dnh cho d liu v thoi
3rd Generation
Th h th 3
3rd Generation Partnership Project
Hip hi nghin cu h thng di ng th h 3
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
Nhn thc, cp php v thanh ton
Avanced Conmunication Technologies and Services
Nhng dch v v k thut thng tin cp cao
Time Of Arrival
Gc thi gian n
Asymmetic Digital Subscriber Line
ng dy thu bao s bt i xng
Assisted GPS
GPS h tr
Advanced Mobile Phone System
H thng thu bao di ng ci tin
American National Standards Insiture
Vin tiu chun quc gia Hoa K
Access Point
im truy xut
Application Programming Interface
Giao din chng trnh ng dng
Hip hi cng ngh thng mi v tuyn
Arrived Time Difference
Thi gian n khc nhau
Asynchoronous Transfer Mode
Ch truyn bt ng b
Broadcast Multicast Service Centre
Trung tm dch v qung b a im
Base Station
Trm gc
Chine Academy of Telecommunications Technology
K thut Vin thng ca Hc Vin Trung Quc

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CBC
CDMA
CSCF
CAN
CS
CWTS
DAB
DCE
DCH
DECT
DMB
DNS
D-AMPS
DVB
EDGE
ETSI
FACH
FDD
GMSC
GPS/DGPS
GSM
GPRS
GTD

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Cell Broadcast Centre
Trung tm qung b cell
Code Division Multiple Access
a truy nhp phn chia theo m
Call Sesion Control Funcion
Chc nng iu khin phin cuc gi
Calling Name Presentation
Nhn din tn ngi gi
Circuit Switching
China Wireless Telecommunications Standard
Chun vin thng v tuyn Trung Quc
Digital audio Broadcasting
Qung b m thanh s
Data Communication Equipment
Thit b truyn dn s
Data Channel
Knh d liu
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication
Thng tin v tuyn cao cp s
Digital Multimedia Broadcasting
Qung b a phng tin s
Domain Name System
H thng tn min
Digital AMPS
Digital video broadcasting
Qung b video s
Data Rates for Global Evolution
Tc d liu tng cng cho pht trin ton cu
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u
Fast Associated Control Channel
Knh iu khin truy cp nhanh
Frequency Division Duplexing
Ghp song cng theo tn s
Gateway Mobile Service Switching Centre
Cng MSC
Global Positing Service/Differential GPS
Dch v nh v ton cu
Global System Mobile Communications
H thng di ng ton cu
General Packet Radio Service
Dch v v tuyn gi chung
Geametric Time Difference

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HDR
HE
HLR
HSS
HSCSD
HTTP
IGMP
IMT
IMT-DS
IMT-FT
IMT-MC
IMT-SC
IMT-TC
INC
IP
IS
ISDN
ISI
ISP
ITU
LBS
LMU
MAC

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High Data Rate
Tc d liu cao
Home Environment
Mi trng thng tr
Home Location Register
Thanh ghi thng tr
Home Subscriber Server
High-speed Cirvuit-switched Data
D liu chuyn mch knh tc cao
Hypetext Transfer Protocol Overview
Ngn ng siu lin kt
Internet Group Management Protocol
Giao thc qun l nhm Internet
International Mobile Telecommunication
in thoi di ng quc t
IMT-Driect Spread
IMT-tri ph trc tip
IMT-Frequency Time
IMT-tn s thi gian
IMT- Multi Code
IMT-a m
IMT- Single Carrier
IMT-n sng mang
IMT-Time Code
IMT-m thi gian
Integrated Network Controller
iu khin mng tch hp
Internet Protocol
Giao thc Internet
Interim Standard
Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ca M
Digital Network Intermediate Service Part
Phn dch v trung gian mng s
Intesymbol interferece
Nhiu giao thoa gia cc k hiu
Internet Service Provider
Nh cung cp dch v Internet
International Telecommunication Union
Lin on vin thng quc t
Location Based Service
Dch v nh v c s
Location Measurements Unit
Media Access Control

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MAP
MBMS
MCA
MCU
MMS
MS
NMT
OTD
PDC
PDP
PHS
PoC
PS
PSK
PSTN
PTT
RACE
Technologies in Europe
RACH
RAS
RTD
RTP
RTT
SACCH
SGSN
SIM
SIP
SMIL
SMLC
SMG
SMS

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Mobile Application Part
Phn ng dng di ng
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
Missed Call Alert
Muticast Control Unit
Multimedia Messaging Service
Mobile Station
Nordic Mobile Telephone
H thng in thoi di ng Bc u
Observed Time Difference
Personal Digital Cellular
H thng thng tin di ng t bo c nhn
Packet Data Protocol
Giao thc d liu gi
Personal Handyphone System
Push-to-talk on Cellular
Packet Switching
Phase Shift Key
Public Switched Telephone Network
Push-to-talk
Research on Advanced Communication
Random Access Channel
Knh truy xut ngu nhin
Remote Access Service
Dch v truy xut t xa
Real Time Difference
Real-time Transport Protocol
Giao thc truyn dn thi gian thc
Radio Transmission Technology
Slow Assocaited Control Channel
Knh iu khin truy xut chm
Support Nude GPRS
Nt h tr GPRS
Subcriber Identify Module
Module nhn dng thit b
Session Initiation Protocol
Giao thc khi to phin
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
Serving Mobile Location Centre
Trong tm nh v di ng phc v
Special Mobile Group
Short Message Service

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SMS-C
SPC
SS
STP
SV
TA
TACS
TDD
TDMA
TIA
TSM
TTA
UE
UMA
UMTS

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Thng tin di ng
Dch v bn tin ngn
SMS-Centre
Service Point Control
iu khin im phc v
Signaling System
H thng bo hiu
Signaling Transfer Point
im chuyn giao bo hiu
Space Vehicle
Timing Advance
nh thi trc
Total Access Communications System
H thng thng tin truy nhp ton b
Time Division Duplexing
Song cng theo thi gian
Time Division Multiple Access
a truy xut phn chia thi gian
Telecommunication Industry Association
Hip hi cng ngh vin thng
System for Mobile Communication
H thng ca thng tin di ng
Telecommunication Technology Asociation
Hip hi k thut vin thng
User Equipment
Thip b s dng
Unlicensed Mobile Access
Truy xut di ng khng ng k
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
H thng vin thng di ng v tr

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Thng tin di ng

TI LIU THAM KHO

1 Thng Tin Di ng GSM
PTS. Phm Anh Dng
2 Hng Dn S Dng Cc Dch V Thng Tin Di ng
Trnh Hng Thng
3 Thng Tin Di ng S CELLULAR
V c Th

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