Preparation for an American University Program Vocabulary Workshop http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webroot.htm Vocabulary ist !

he following is a list of vocabulary words that often appear on the !"#$ % test. !he underlined sections of a word provide links to definitions of that word&s respective roots' prefi(es and suffi(es. )t is recommended that students using this workshop fre*uently refer to the definitions. +entences are provided as e(amples of usage. act, ag

react ,verb-: to act in response to something o re . act o /ow did he react when he heard the news0 agent ,noun-: something which acts or acts upon something else ag . ent
o

!he travel agent helped her purchase the tickets.

active ,ad1ective-: involving movement' moving about o act . ive o 2oan is an active child. agitate ,verb-: to e(cite' to disturb' to stir up o agit . ate o !he washing machine agitates the load of laundry.

aud, audit, aur audible , ad1ective-: can be heard o aud . ible o 3our voice is barely audible over the sound of the train whistle.

auditorium ,noun-: a place where one goes to hear something o audit. orium o !he band played in the school auditorium auricular o aur . ic . ul . ar o !he auricular ability of the cat is well4known.

am, ami

amorous ,ad1ective-: loving o amor . ous o !he actor played an amorous role. amiable ,ad1ective- friendly' agreeable o ami . able o /e seems to be an amiable man. amicable ,ad1ective-: friendly o amic . able o !he two neighbors came to an amicable decision about the fence. animal ,noun-: a living creature o anim . al o A dog is an animal. animate ,verb-: to give spirit or support' to supply movement o anim . ate o !he artist animated the cartoon. animosity ,noun-: hostility' ill will o animos . ity o !here isn&t any animosity between us.

anim

ann, annu, enni annals ,noun-: record of events' historical records o ann . al . s o !he annals of the organi6ation are kept in notebooks.

annual ,ad1ective-: yearly o annu . al o +he is planning on going to the company&s annual meeting. annuity ,noun-: money payable yearly o annu . ity o 2oan is going to invest her annuity in the stock market. anniversary ,noun-: the yearly celebration of an event o anni . vers . ary o 2ohn&s parents will celebrate their wedding anniversary in April. perrenial ,ad1ective-: enduring' persisting for several years o per . enn . ial o ) would like to buy some perrenial plants.

auc, aug, aut author ,noun-: one that originates or creates' a writer o auth . or o +usan met the author of this book.

augment ,verb-: to increase' to add to o aug . ment o /e had to augment his salary by taking another 1ob. auction ,noun-: a sale of goods to the highest bidder o auct . ion o ) bought this car at the auction. benevolent ,ad1ective-: marked by goodwill o bene . vol . ent o !he 8+alvation Army8 is known as a benevolent society for its acts of charity. benign ,ad1ective-: harmless' mild' gentle o ben . ign o !he doctor removed a benign tumor from my neck and ) went home the same day. bibliography ,noun-: a list of written works o biblio . graph . y o "laf listed a brief bibliography at the end of his paper. biology ,noun-: the study of life o bio . log . y o )n biology class the students learned about how the human body works. brief ,ad1ective-: short o brief o Anand gave a brief lecture on the rain forest. abbreviate ,verb-: to shorten o ab . brevi . ate o /ow does one abbreviate the word 89innesota80 brevity ,noun-: short or concise e(pression o brev . ity

bene

biblio

bio, bi

brev

!he politician gave short speeches and he became known for his brevity.

cad, cap, cas, ceiv, cept, cid deceive ,verb-: to cause or allow someone to believe something is true when it is actually false; to mislead o de . ceive o !he criminal deceived many people into believing she was honest.

capable ,ad1ective-: having the ablility to do something; having the traits necessary to perform some action o cap . able o 2ose is a very capable lawyer. capacious ,adective-: containing a great deal o capac . ious o 3ou have a capacious library with many unusual books. captive ,noun' ad1ective-: a person held against his or her own will; held prisoner o cap. tive o !he captives were taken to the 1ail. o <eoff had a captive audience. accident ,noun-: an unplanned event o ac . cid . ent o =on&t get upset about minor accidents and errors. capture ,verb-: to gain control of' to gain by effort o capt . ure o )n the game of chess' the ob1ect is to capture the king. occasion ,noun-: an opportunity; a happening' instance or celebration o oc . cas . ion o =id you have an occasion to speak with your professor0 receive ,verb-: to take in' to ac*uire o re . ceive o )melda received many letters in the mail today. concept ,noun-: an idea o con . cept o !he concept of using computers in the classroom is relatively new.

ceas, cede, ceed, cess predecessor ,noun-: a person who has previously occupied a position that another has taken over

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pre . de . cess . or ) hope ) can live up to my predecessor's reputation.

succeed ,verb-: to follow after another' to do well o suc . ceed o !o succeed as a student' one must study. recede ,verb-: to move back' to withdraw o re . cede o !he water receded five days after the flood. concede ,verb-: to accept as true' to yield' to allow o con . cede o ) conceded to her point of view. exceed ,verb-: to go beyond a limit' to be greater than o e( . ceed o !he driver exceeded the speed limit by ten miles an hour. recess ,noun-: an indentation' a temporary break o re . cess o !he children were given a recess from the lessons. deceased ,ad1ective-: dead o de . ceas . ed o !he deceased person will be cremated rather than buried. chronic ,ad1ective-: marked by a long period of time' recurrence o chron . ic o <abrielle has a chronic back disorder and cannot lift heavy ob1ects. chronicle ,noun-: a historical account arranged in order of time o chron . icle o !he teacher asked us to read a chronicle on the ?evolutionary War. chronological ,ad1ective-: arranged in order of time o chrono . log . ical o !he te(t book listed the presidents in chronological order.

chron

clam, claim acclaim ,verb-: praise o ac . claim o !he restaurant is acclaimed for its desserts.

exclaim ,verb-: to speak loudly' to cry out in surprise o e( . claim o !he children exclaimed 8hurray8 when they heard there would be no classes tomorrow. clamor ,noun' verb-: n. noise' v. to make noise o clam . or o !he children clamored for more ice cream. proclaim ,verb-: to declare loudly o pro . claim o !he president of the university proclaimed 9arch 75 to be a holiday in honor of the school&s award winning faculty.

cogn, gnos cognizant ,ad1ective-: aware o cogni6 . ant o !he man was cognizant of the danger of walking through the park at night.

diagnose ,verb-: to recogni6e ,diseases- by symptoms o dia . gnose o !he patient was diagnosed with yme&s disease. agnostic ,noun-: one who believes that any ultimate reality is unknowable o ag . gnost . ic o 2ohn is unsure of the reality of god and considers himself to be an agnostic. recognize ,verb-: to know' to identify o re . cogn . i6e o ) thought ) recognized your face from somewhere. corpse ,noun-: a dead body o corpse o A corpse was found floating in the river. corpulent ,ad1ective-: having a large body o corp . ul . ent o !he corpulent politician 1abbed a fat finger in the air. incorporate ,verb-: to unite into one being o in . corp . or . ate o !he artist incorporated paint' photographs' and fabric into her artwork.

corp

corporate ,ad1ective-: formed into a body or association' united in one group o corp . or . ate o !he corporate structure allowed many people to work as a group.

cre, cresc, cret crescent ,noun' ad1ective-: a narrow curved shape; a *uarter moon or smaller o cresc . ent o !he crescent moon could be glimpsed through the clouds.

create ,verb-: to originate' to produce through imagination o cre . ate o !he musician created a new musical arrangement. accretion ,verb-: growth by gradual addition o ac . cret . ion o !he accretion of dirt on windows is sometimes hard to detect. increase ,verb-: to grow in si6e or amount o in . crease Alfonse wishes he could find a way to increase his salary. credible ,ad1ective-: can be believed' reasonable o cred . ible o !he witness gave a credible account of the accident. credulous ,ad1ective-: too ready to believe o cred . ul . ous o !he credulous child believed the story about flying horses. incredible ,ad1ective-: unbelievable' ama6ing o in . cred . ible o 9akiko said she 1ust saw an incredible horror movie.

cred

cour, cur, curr, curs excursion ,noun-: a trip o e( . curs . ion o !he father planned an excursion to the 6oo for his children.

discourse ,noun' verb-: a conversation' to talk o dis . course o !he discourse between the speaker and the audience was informal. courier ,noun-: a messenger o couri . er o !he courier gave the message to the secretary.

course ,noun' verb-: forward movement' movement from point to point; to run along a path o course o Clood courses through your veins with every beat of your heart. occur ,verb-: to happen' to come to mind o oc . cur o )t 1ust occurred to me that tomorrow is your birthday. current ,ad1ective' noun-: happening now' up to date; the movement of water o curr . ent o )s this information current or out of date0

dic, dict, dit dictionary ,noun-: a book of definitions o dict . ion . ary o 2uliana looked up the word in the dictionary.

condition ,noun-: the state of something or someone o con . dit . ion o )s your car in good condition0 indicate ,verb-: to show' to point out o in . dic . ate o !he gas gauge indicates that we are almost out of gas. dictate ,verb-: to speak for a person to record' to issue an order o dict . ate o !he lawyer dictated the letter to her secretary. predict ,verb-: to say what will happen in the future o pre . dict o 2oseph predicts that he will get married in ten years. addict ,verb-: to be devoted to something in an obsessive manner o ad . dict o eslie is addicted to betting on the horse races.

doc, doct doctor ,noun-: a person who has received the highest degree a university offers' a physician o doct . or o Andre is going to medical school so that he can be a doctor like his mother.

doctrine ,noun-: something that is taught' dogma o doctr . ine o We learned about the doctrine of 8manifest destiny8 in our American history class. docile ,ad1ective-: obedient' easily taught o doc . ile o 9rs. <alinde6 wants to buy a docile dog for her son. document ,noun-: an official paper o docu . ment o !he library houses many government documents in its collection.

dog, dox orthodox ,ad1ective-: holding conventional beliefs o ortho . do( o ) don&t know if my interpretation of that book is orthodox or not.

dogma ,noun-: an established opinion o dog . ma o +ome people find the dogma associated with that organi6ation disturbing. paradox ,noun-: a statement that seems to contradict itself but contains some truth o para . do( o !he paradox of the matter is that ) want to see the opera but ) also want to stay home.

dec, dign decorate ,verb-: to make something look attractive or suitable o dec . or . ate o inda decorated her apartment with paintings and plants.

decent ,ad1ective-: conforming to standards' good' kind o dec . ent o !his maga6ine contains a decent article on home improvement. dignity ,noun-: *uality of being worthy' noble' honored o dign . ity o ) haven&t yet had the dignity and honor of being grand marshall of the parade.

duc, duct conduct ,verb' noun-: v. to lead or guide' n. a person&s behavior o con . duct

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2ared was conducted into the doctor&s office by the nurse. Arnelle&s conduct was ine(cusable and she should apologi6e to the class.

educate ,verb-: to train' to provide schooling for o e . duc . ate o !he school tries to educate its students to be productive members of society. induct ,verb-: to install in office or to enroll in military service o in . duct o 9indy was inducted into the army last month. deduct ,verb-: to subtract o de . duct o !he salesperson deducted five dollars off the purchase price of the radio. deduce ,verb-: to make a decision or draw a conclusion by reasoning o de . duce o ) deduced from the trail of crumbs and the empty milk carton that the children were home. produce ,verb' noun-: to bring forward' to make to bear or yield; something made or grown o pro . duce o !he lawyer produced new evidence at the trial. o !he produce from the farm will go to the market ne(t week. seduce ,verb-: to persuade ,especially into doing something wrong-' to tempt o se . duce o 9oney and power have been known to seduce many honest people. induce ,verb-: to persuade' cause' or bring about by artificial means. o in . duce o )f a child swallows poison' it is suggested that vomitting should be induced. eternal ,ad1ective-: not effected by time' without beginning or end' ceaseless o etern . al o !he lecture seemed eternal and many in the audience had fallen asleep. medieval ,ad1ective-: relating to the 9iddle Ages ,@FF 4 5@FF A=o med . ieval o !here are many styles to medieval architecture and a building built in @FF A= looks different from one built in 5FFF A=.

ev, et

5F

fict, feign, fain faint ,ad1ective' verb-: indistinct' not clearly perceived' weak; to lose consciousness from lack of blood to the brain o faint o !here is a faint odor of apples in this room. o +ome people faint at the sight of blood.

feign ,verb-: to pretend o feign o !he child feigned illness in an attempt to avoid the test. fiction ,noun-: something produce from imagination' an invented story o fict . ion o !he e(cuse 9arvin 1ust gave for not doing his homework is pure fiction. effigy ,noun-: a figure representing a disliked person. o e f . fig . y o !he children made an effigy of their nasty neighbor. figure ,noun-: shape' pattern' drawing o fig . ure o !he figure ouise drew on the paper looks nothing like an apple. figment ,noun-: a thing that does not e(ist' something made up o fig . ment o <hosts and monsters are figments of an active imagination.

fig

fac, fact, fec, fic, fas, fea fashion ,noun' verb-: the form of something' style; to give shape or form to o fash . ion o !he current fashion is hair worn short.

feasible ,ad1ective-: capable of being done o feas . ible o !he engineer thought that building the bridge across the river was a feasible pro1ect. feature ,noun' verb-: the appearance or form of a person or ob1ect; to picture or portray o feat . ure o isette&s best feature is her eyes. factory ,noun-: a place where things are made or built o fact . ory

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!here is a boat factory near the river.

difficult ,ad1ective-: hard to do' troublesome' hard to understand o di . fic . ult o !he test was difficult and ) answered only eight of the ten *uestions. fact ,noun-: something known to be true o fact o )t&s a fact that the world is round. effect ,noun-: a change caused by something' a result' influence o e . fect o !he sun&s effect on human skin is known to be harmful. fertile ,ad1ective-: productive' bearing or capable of bearing fruit in large *uantities o fert . ile o !he land by the river is *uite fertile and many crops are grown there. refer ,verb-: to classify within a general category' to send or direct to another source o re . fer o !he patient was referred to a physical therapist for additional treatment. infer ,verb-: to come to a conclusion from facts or ideas' to guess o in . fer o +ometimes a reader has to infer from the facts presented in an article what the main idea is about. diffident ,ad1ective-: hesitant in acting' shy o dif . fid . ent o !he diffident student would not speak in front of the class. fidelity ,noun-: the *uality of being faithful' accuracy o fid . el . ity o !he fidelity of this video reproduction is *uite good. confide ,verb-: to trust' to trust another person with a secret o con . fide o 2oan confided in her friend and told her a secret.

fer

fid

flu, fluct, flux fluent ,ad1ective-: capable of moving with ease' able to speak another language

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flu . ent !he dancer had a fluent body. 2uanita is fluent in several languages.

superfluous ,ad1ective-: e(tra' more than is needed o super . flu . ous o !hree cherries on my piece of cake is superfluous; ) only needed one. influence ,verb' noun-: to have an effect on something; the ability to affect something indirectly o in . flu . ence o )t was 2ohn&s success as a musician that influenced my decision to take guitar lessons. fluid ,ad1ective-: capable of flowing' a smooth style' li*uid o flu . id o !he ink my new pen is *uite fluid and flows evenly across the page. fluctuate ,verb-: to shift back and forth' to move erratically o fluctu . ate o 9y body temperature has been fluctuating all day 44 sometimes )&m hot and sometimes )&m cold. format ,noun-: the shape and si6e of something' the arrangement of something o form . at o !he format of this class will be half lecture and half class participation. formulate ,verb-: to prepare from a set of steps ,formula-' to devise o form . ul . ate o !he chemist formulated a new way of making dish detergent.

form

fract, frag, frai fracture ,verb' noun-: to break' to crack; a broken bone o fract . ure 9iguel fractured arm his while skiing.

fragment ,noun-: a piece broken off' a part of something o frag . ment o )t bothers me that ) can remember only a fragment of the poem rather than the whole piece. frail ,ad1ective-: easily broken' not strong o frail o Ce carefulG !hat chair is frail

gen, gin 5:

generally ,adverb-: in a general manner' usually' with regard to the whole not specifics o gen . er . al . ly o Generally' ance leaves work at @:FF p.m. gingerly ,adverb' ad1ective-: careful o gin . ger . ly o Paulette picked up the anti*ue vase gingerly and placed it on the shelf. indigenous ,ad1ective-: native' having been born in a specific area or environment o in . di . gen . ous o !he tomato plant is indigenous to +outh America. geography ,noun-: a science that describes the earth&s surface o geo . graph . y o !he geography of Hew 3ork varies from the sandy shores to rocky mountains. categorize ,verb-: to place things in classes or sets' to classify o cate . gor . i6e o !he professor asked her students to categorize the plants they found.

ge

gor

grad, gress, gree grade ,noun-: a stage in a process' a mark indicating *uality o grade o Ali hopes to receive a passing grade on his midterm e(am.

progress ,verb' noun-: to move forward; forward movement o pro . gress o 9ina progressed to the ne(t level in her $rench language program. o !here hasn&t been much progress made in getting the house built 44 only the frame is up. degree ,noun-: a step or stage in a process' a rank' a level of intensity o de . gree o !here is a high degree of stress associated with being a police officer.

graph, graf graphic ,ad1ective-: written' drawn' vividly shown o graph . ic o =ominic is planning to study graphic art.

graffitti ,noun-: drawings or writing on a wall

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graph . itti 9any people find the graffitti on the subway trains disturbing.

her, hes adhere ,verb-: to stick o ad . here o Paper often adheres to wet surfaces.

hesitate ,verb-: to hold back a decision' to waver o hesit . ate o =on&t hesitate to call me if you need help.

jac, ject, jet adjacent ,ad1ective-: to lie ne(t to o ad . 1ac . ent o 3ou won&t have a long walk between classes because the engineering building is adjacent to the chemistry laboratories.

jettison ,verb-: to throw away' to cast off o 1ett . ison o !he captain of the sinking ship jettisoned the cargo. reject ,verb-: to throw out' unwilling to accept o re . 1ect o =avid was rejected by two schools before he found a school that accepted him.

jug, junct, just adjust ,verb-: to change or adapt to fit or match something o ad . 1ust o 2ared has to adjust to his new work schedule.

conjugal ,ad1ective-: of marriage' marital relationship o con . 1ug . al o "ne should think seriously before entering a conjugal relationship. junction ,noun-: the place at which two things 1oin o 1unct . ion o =eborah&s house is at the junction of /ill and 9aple streets. college ,noun-: a school for higher learning' a group of people having a common purpose o col . lege o 3olanda is going to college to become a lawyer.

lex, leg

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legal ,ad1ective' noun-: based on law; conforms to law o leg . al o 2ared is working as a legal secretary for two lawyers in Hew 3ork o )s it legal to own fireworks in 9assachusetts or is there a law against them0 league ,noun-: a group of people' an association o leag . ue o !here are fifty people participating in the bowling league. collect ,verb-: to gather' to bring together o col . lect o !he little girl collected wildflowers for her mother. legible ,noun-: readible' clear enough to read o leg . ible o /is handwriting is *uite legible. eligible ,ad1ective-: *ualified' worthy to be chosen o e . lig . ible o How that <eoffrey is eighteen he is eligible to vote. locally ,adverb-: nearby' relative to a certain area o loc . al . ly o !he vegetables are grown locally. logic ,noun-: the study of reason o log . ic o +imone is taking a class in logic and she is learning about how to reason. translucent ,ad1ective-: allowing some light to shine through o trans . luc . ent o !he sheet of paper is translucent when held close to a lightbulb. illuminate ,verb-: to provide with light' to make lighter' to make clear o il . lum . in . ate o !he lamp illuminates the room. illustrate ,verb-: to e(plain by using pictoral e(amples' to show by using visual e(amples o il . lustr . ate

lect

loc

log

luc

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Ihristopher illustrated his idea on piece of paper for everyone to see.

man

management ,noun-: the act of handling or running something' usually a business. o man . age . ment o !his store is under new management. commemorate ,verb-: to remember an important event through ceremony or observation o com . mem . or . ate o !he American ?evolution is commemorated every $ourth of 2uly. memory ,noun-: the ability to recall past events o mem . or . y o <eanine has an e(cellent memory and she can recall things that happened years ago. mental ,ad1ective-: related to the mind o ment . al o auren&s mental abilities must be *uite good if she achieved a perfect score without even studying. mention ,verb-: to cite' to speak about' to refer to o ment . ion o !he instructor forgot to mention that the class was canceled. minor ,ad1ective-: lesser' less important o min . or o !he knife slipped and 9arcelle received a minor cut. minute ,ad1ective' noun-: tiny' very small; si(ty seconds o min . ute o #ven though the speck of dirt on the camera lense was minute' it ruined the photograph. o !erry will be finished in one minute. minuscule ,ad1ective-: very small o minusc . ule o !he minuscule gem was very hard to see without magnifying glasses.

mem

ment

min

mit, miss admit ,verb-: to accept' to confess' to allow entry 5B

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ad . mit ) must admit that even though you didn&t like the movie ) did.

missive ,noun-: a letter to be sent o miss . ive o Missives were more common one hundred years ago. !oday' people use the telephone.

mob, mov, mot remove ,verb-: to take off or to take away o re . move o !he waiter removed the dirty dishes from the table.

mobile ,ad1ective-: able to move o mob . ile o 9any people drive their mobile homes from Horth to +outh' following the warm weather. motion ,noun-: act of moving' action o mot . ion o 9any people find the motion of a rocking chair soothing.

nasc, nat, gnant, nai native ,ad1ective-: belonging to a place by birth' indigenous o nat .ive o !urkeys are native to Horth America.

nascent ,ad1ective-: 1ust born o nasc . ent o !he nascent kittens curled up with their mother. pregnant ,ad1ective-: having a child developing in the womb' 8with child8 o pre . gn .ent o inda&s dog is pregnant and it will have its puppies in Hovember. naive ,ad1ective-: lack of e(perience' not knowledgable of the world o nai . ve o When "livia went to Hew 3ork ten year&s ago she was naive' but now she is a well4seasoned traveler. nominate ,verb-: to name for office o nomin . ate o Vittorio nominated 9ary for class president.

nom

5D

synonym ,noun-: a word with a similar meaning to another word in the same language o syn . onym o !he word 8fair8 is a synonym for the word 81ust.8 novelty ,noun-: something new o novel . ty o After si( months the novelty of Pierre&s new car is starting to wear off. novice ,noun-: a newcomer' a beginner' someone new to something o nov . ice o C1orn is a novice when it comes to playing poker or other card games.

nov

oper

operate ,verb-: to work' to perform o oper . ate o People are advised not to operate heavy machinery after drinking alcohol. opus ,noun-: a musical composition o opus o Vivaldi&s opus number three is not as well known as is other compositions.

pat

patient ,ad1ective' noun-: calm' bearing pain without complaint; a person under medical care o pati . ent o 2osiah was patient as he waited in line for concert tickets. o Amelia has been a patient of =r. <ustaf&s for ten years. passion ,noun-: a strong feeling or emotion o pass . ion o Carbara has a passion for motorcycle racing. sympathy ,noun-: sharing another person&s feelings' the ability to feel for another person&s suffering o sym . path . y o Ihing4wei e(pressed his deepest sympathy when hearing of 9rs. 9artin&s death. pathology ,noun-: the study of diseases o patho . log . y o Claise is studying pathology because he wants to learn about diseases.

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impede ,verb-: to hinder' to slow down o im . pede o !he shackles and chains impeded the prisoner&s escape. pedestal ,noun-: a support for a column or other structure' a base for something o pedest . al o 2ohannes put the vase on a pedestal. pedestrian ,noun-: a person walking o pedestr . ian o As soon as the cars stopped' the pedestrians crossed the street. podium ,noun-: a platform' an area raised above the surrounding ground' a place at which to speak in front of an audience o pod . ium o !he professor walked up to the podium and spoke into the microphone. repel ,verb-: to drive away or push back o re . pel o =oes 9argo&s new 1acket repel water0 pulse ,noun-: the regular action of blood through arteries o pulse o !he nurse felt for the patient&s pulse in his neck.

pod

pel

pend, pond suspend ,noun-: to hang from' to interrupt' to stop o sus . pend o !he light was turned on by a string suspended from the light fi(ture.

ponder ,verb-: to think about' to weigh in one&s mind o pond . er o evi pondered the possibility of going to medical school.

phan, fan phantom ,noun-: something seen but having no physical e(istence' a ghost. o phan . tom o !he children told horror stories about phantoms and ghosts.

fantasy ,noun-: a creation of the imagination that cannot be real' a daydream o fantas . y

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When 9iguel was a child he had a fantasy about being a doctor on the planet 2upiter.

phil

philosopher ,noun-: a person who seeks ,loves- wisdom o philo. soph . er o Plato wrote about the <reek philosopher +ocrates. phonetic ,ad1ective- relating to speech sounds o phonet . ic o !he phonetic alphabet is useful when studying languages or linguistics. depict ,verb-: to portray' to represent o de . pict o )n the movie the character was depicted as evil. import ,verb-: to bring in from a foreign country o im . port o $yodor imports caviar and other products from ?ussia. portage ,noun- the labor of carrying boats across land o port . age o Cill said that he had a five mile portage on his last canoe trip. reply ,verb' noun-: to respond' to answer; a response o re . ply o =id 9arco reply to #mily&s invitation0 o ynn received a negative reply from her parents and she will not be going to the party. implicate ,verb-: to involve' to incriminate o im . plic . ate o !he thief was implicated in three burglaries. ply ,noun-: a layer o ply o !wo ply tissue paper is stronger than one ply.

phon

pict

port

pli, ply

pon, pos position ,noun-: a place occupied by something o posit . ion o What position does )an hold at his mother&s company0 75

postpone ,verb-: to put off to a later time o post . pone o !he baseball game was postponed because of the storm. posture ,noun- the position of a body o post . ure o =enise has terrific posture 44 her back is straight and strong. psychology ,noun-: study of how the mind works o psycho . log . y o ynette studies psychology because she is interested in how people think and feel. inquire ,verb-: to ask about o in . *uire o =ebbie inquired about employment opportunities at the factory. exquisite ,ad1ective-: carefully selected' marked by beauty o e( . *uis . ite o #veryone noticed the exquisite diamond !oni was wearing. quest ,noun-: a search' the act of seeking o *uest o At four in the morning Juincy went out on a quest for ice cream. query ,verb' noun-: to ask *uestions' a *uestion o *uery o !he lawyer queried the witness. o ) have a query about the origins of the #nglish language. corrupt ,verb' ad1ective-: to change from good to bad o cor . rupt o !he politician was corrupted by power and money. o !he corrupt 1udge was arrested for accepting a bribe. rupture ,verb-: to break or burst o rupt . ure o !he water bed ruptured and the water flowed onto the floor. interrupt ,verb-: to stop' to break in ,usually with *uestionso inter . rupt o )t&s impolite to interupt someone while they are speaking.

psych

quir

rupt

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sci

conscious ,ad1ective-: aware' having knowledge of oneself o con . sci . ous o <erturde was conscious of everything even though she appeared asleep. science ,noun-: a system of knowledge o sci . ence o Ilaire en1oys science' especially biology.

scrib, scrip scribble ,verb-: to write *uickly or carelessly o scribb . le o /e scribbled a note in his notebook.

script ,noun-: handwriting' something written o script o +ometimes her script is hard to read. describe ,verb-: to say what something is like o de . scribe o !he scientist described his e(periment to the class.

sent, sens sensation ,noun-: ability to feel due to stimulation o sens . at . ion o 2amal felt a tingling sensation in his arm after he hit his elbow on the table.

sentimental ,ad1ective-: marked by feeling or emotion o senti . ment .al o auren has a sentimental attachment to that *uilt because her great grandmother made it. sequence ,noun-: a continuous series o se*u . ence o !he sequence of events were as follows: first we had dinner' then we went to the movies' and then we went fo ice cream. consecutive ,ad1ective-: following in an unbroken order o con . secut . ive o !erri was elected team captain three consecutive years in a row. ensue ,verb-: to happen afterward o en . sue

sequ

7:

After a disagreement in the restaurant' a fight ensued in the parking lot.

soci

society ,noun-: community' the relationship among individuals living or working in a common area' companionship o societ . y o +ometimes what is best for a society is not always good for an individual living in that society. solitary ,ad1ective-: being alone o solit . ary o !here was a solitary bather on the beach. isolate ,verb-: to separate from others' to place something by itself o i . sol . ate o !he sick cat was isolated from the other animals.

sol

solv, solu solve ,verb-: to find an answer o solve o !he professor asked the student to solve the problem and show her answer on the board.

absolute ,ad1ective-: complete' unrestricted' perfect o ab . sol . ute o !he babysitter has absolute authority over the children while their parents are away. soluble ,ad1ective-: able to disperse in li*uid o sol . uble o +ugar is soluble in water.

spec, spi spectator ,noun-: a person who watches or observes o spect . at . or o !here were over a thousand spectators at the local baseball game.

despise ,verb-: to hate' tolook down on o de . spise o 9arguerite despises people who are cruel to animals. auspicicious ,ad1ective-: favorable o au . spicic . ious o !he thousand dollar donation made for an auspicious beginning.

7>

espionage ,noun-: using spies or observers o e . spion . age o Espionage is often depicted in mystery movies and novels. respiration ,noun-: breathing o re . spir . at . ion o Respiration becomes increasingly difficult the higher one climbs. inspire ,verb-: to stimulate' to fill with a feeling or desire o in . spire o +tudents are often inspired by their teachers.

spir

stab, stat stature ,noun-: height of a body' importance of position o stat . ure o )&m reluctant to say she was short' but she was of rather small stature.

establish ,verb-: to found' to start' to make firm o e . stabl . ish o +outhampton Iollege was established in 5EA:. stance ,noun-: a way of standing' a position' an attitude o sta . nce o A person&s stance is very important in the games of golf and baseball.

strain, strict restrain ,verb-: to hold back' to prevent from doing o re . strain o !he dog was restrained by the trainer&s grip on its leash.

constrict ,verb-: to s*uee6e' to make narrow o con . strict o 9arvin felt constricted by the suit and tie he wore to the meeting. stringent ,ad1ective-: strict' tight' severe o string . ent o !here are stringent rules and regulations one must follow when operating a child care center. prestige ,noun-: respect for a person or a thing o pre . stige o !here is a lot of prestige associated with occupying a political position.

stru, stroy

7@

destroy ,verb-: to ruin' to pull down o de . stroy o !he house was destroyed by the fire. misconstrue ,verb-: to interpret' analyse' or understand something incorrectly; misunderstand o mis . con . strue o =o not misconstrue his actions to mean he likes you 44 being pleasant to customers is part of his 1ob. obstruct ,verb-: to block' prevent' hinder o ob . struct o !he fallen tree obstructed the roadway and blocked traffic for hours.

tact, tang tactilely ,adverb-: related to the sense of touch o tact . ile . . ly o +ome people are tactilely oriented while others are visually oriented.

tangible ,ad1ective-: able to be perceived by touch' physically real o tang . ible o 9any people want tangible proof of something before they believe it to be true. contiguous ,ad1ective-: touching' ne(t in a se*uence o con . tig . uous o !he United +tates has forty4eight contiguous states. contingent ,ad1ective-: possible' dependent on something else o con . ting . ent o Armand&s move to a new apartment is contingent on his getting a raise.

tend, tens extensive ,ad1ective-: large in area' wide o e( . tens . ive o !here are extensive farm fields located in the plain states.

contend ,verb-: to strive or reach for' to argue o con . tend o !he two fighters contended for the heavy4weight championship title.

tain, ten retain ,verb-: to keep' to hold in place o re . tain

7A

Clanche retained her Alaskan residence since she will return there when she is finished with school.

continue ,verb-: to keep going' to remain o con . tin . ue o !he movie is scheduled to continue until midnight. content ,noun' ad1ective-: something contained' held; satisfied o con . tent o ) can&t tell what the content of this can is until ) open it. tenacious ,ad1ective-: holding or sticking to something o ten . ac . ious o Kareem is tenacious and he will stick with a sub1ect until he understands it. exterminate ,verb-: to kill off' to get rid of o e( . term . in . ate o !he +chaeffer&s hired a company to exterminate the cockroaches living in their house. terminal ,ad1ective-: relating to an end o term . in . al o 9argot has been diagnosed with a terminal disease and has been given only si( months to live. territory ,noun-: area of land o territ . ory o !his area is considered to be Ianadian territory. terrain ,noun-: the physical features of an area o terr . ain o !here is some very rough terrain in the White 9ountain area of Hew /ampshire. attest ,verb-: to provide proof' to say something is true o at . test o 9alcolm can attest to +hiela&s honesty since he has known her for ten years. testify ,verb-: to make a statement based on personal knowledge o test ify o !he witness testified at the trial. 7B

term

terr

test

therm

thermometer ,noun- a device for measuring heat o thermo . meter o ) took my temperature with a thermometer. thermal ,ad1ective-: relating to the presence of heat o therm . al o isa bought some thermal underwear to take with her when she goes skiing. torment ,noun' verb-: agony' pain; to cause recurring pain o tor . ment o !he torment 2ean&s nightmares caused made him seek professional help. o !he guards tormented the prisoners. torsion ,noun-: twisting of a body or an organ by an e(ternal force along an a(is o tors . ion o !he torsion of the bolt will help release the wheel. contort ,verb-: to twist into an abnormal shape o con . tort o !he actor contorted her face into an evil grin and scared the audience.

tor

tract, trai attract ,verb-: to draw toward' to arouse interest o at . tract o !he spilled sugar attracted flies and ants.

train ,verb-: to teach or to cause to do something o train o 3vette trained her dog to perform tricks. treaty ,noun-: a formal agreement o treat . y o !he rebels and the new government signed a treaty calling for peace. unite ,verb- to make one' to 1oin together o unite o !he two small companies united and became one large business. unison ,noun-: at the same time' at the same pitch o uni . son o !he two singers sang in unison.

uni

7D

vac

vacant ,ad1ective-: empty' not occupied' free o vac . ant o !he hotel has only one vacant room left. vacuum ,noun-: empty space' isolation from outside influence o vacu . um o +ome people seem to live in a vacuum and they have no knowledge of current events.

ven, vent convene ,verb-: to assemble' to come together o con . vene o !he meeting convened at 7:FF p.m. and lasted until @:FF p.m.

invent ,verb-: to create through thought or imagination o in . vent o Ale(ander <raham Cell invented the telephone and other devices. prevent ,verb-: to act ahead of' to keep from happening o pre . vent o amont prevented a distastrous fire by calling the fire department the moment he smelled smoke. verify ,verb-: to confirm that something is true o ver . ify o !he police officer verified Arthur&s identity by asking for his driver&s license. veracity ,noun-: truthfulness' accuracy o ver . ac . ity o =aphne is known for her veracity and honesty.

ver

verb, verv verbalize ,verb-: to e(press in words' to put into words o verb . al . i6e o +ometimes it is difficult to verbalize one&s feeings.

verve ,noun-: enthusiasm o verve o !he cheerleaders showed verve and school spirit at the football game.

vers, vert: versatile ,ad1ective-: capable of changing or adapting' useful o vers . at . ile 7E

When used correctly' a computer can be a versatile tool.

revert ,verb-: to go back' to return ,to an original stateo re . vert o !he land slowly reverted to a wild state after it was abandoned. video ,noun-: television or recorded movies o vid . eo o Patricia rented a video and watched it on her television. review ,verb-: to look at again' to ree(amine o re . view o 9arsha reviewed for the test by re4reading her class notes. visible ,ad1ective-: able to be seen o vis . ible o +ometimes the moon is visible during the day. indivisible ,ad1ective' noun-: cannot be separated o in . di . vis . ible o !he Pledge of Allegiance mentions that the United +tates is an indivisible nation. vital ,ad1ective-: necessary for life o vit . al o !he cancer had not yet spread to her vital organs and she was given an e(cellent chance for a full recovery. revive ,verb-: to return to life o re . vive o After spending a day in the sun' ) was revived by a glass of water.

vid, vis

vit, viv

voc, voke vocal ,ad1ective-: uttered by the voice' producing sound o voc . al o Parrots are known to be very vocal birds.

revoke ,verb-: to call back' to withdraw o re . voke o Karl&s license was revo ed because he was caught driving 7F miles over the speed limit.

volv, vol revolve ,verb-: to turn around :F

o o

re . volve !he earth revolves around the sun.

revolt ,verb-: to rebel' to turn against' to feel disgust o re . volt o )t was the peasants who revolted during the $rench ?evolution. o Iooked carrots revolt some people. evolution ,noun-: the process by which something develops o e . vol . ut . ion o =arwin and other natural scientists have developed theories of evolution.

a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, as-, at- to' toward' near' in addition to o aside ,adverb-: to or toward the side a . side o accompany ,verb-: to go with someone as a companion ac . com . pan . y o adjust ,verb-: to correct' to move closer to a correct position ad . 1ust o affix ,verb-: to attach to something' to fasten af . fi( o aggression ,noun-: hostile behavior towards someone or something ag . gress . ion o allocate ,verb-: to distribute to specific people or for specific purposes al . loc . ate o annihilate ,verb-: to destroy an . nihil . ate o associate ,verb-: to 1oin with as . soci . ate o attend ,verb-: to look after' to go to at . tend a-, an- not' without o apolitical ,ad1ective-: without interest in politics a . polit . ic . al o anemia ,noun-: the condition ,disease- of not having enough red blood cells an . em . ia ab-, abs- away from' off o abrupt ,ad1ective-: une(pected change ab . rupt o absolve ,verb-: to be set free from one&s actions or obligations ab . solve :5

ante- before o anterior ,ad1ective-: before or near the front ante . rior anti- against o antipathy ,noun-: dislike' opposite feeling anti . path . y auto- self o automotive ,ad1ective-: related to self4propelled machines auto . mot . ive bi- two
o o

biped ,noun-: a two4footed animal bi . ped biennial ,ad1ective-: happening every two years bi . enni . al

cat-, cata-, cath- down' with o category ,noun-: a class or set to which a thing belongs cate . gor . y o catalogue ,noun-: a book or pamphlet that lists and describes cata . log . ue o catheter ,noun-: a medical device used to tranfer fluids cath .eter circum- around o circumvent ,verb-: to manage to get around a situation circum . vent co-, cog-, col-, com-, con-, cor together' with o cohesiveness ,noun-: the ability to stick together co . hes . ive . ness o cognate ,ad1ective-: related' similar in nature cog . nate o collaborate ,verb-: to work together col . lab . or . ate o commitment ,noun-: to entrust' to put into a place com . mit . ment o convenient ,ad1ective-: handy' nearby con . veni . ent o correct ,verb-: to set right' to be right cor . rect contra- against' opposite o contradict ,verb- to state the opposite contra . dict

:7

de- to do the opposite' to take away from o decrease ,verb-: to grow smaller' to become less de . cre . ase di-, dif-, dis- apart' separate' two' opposite' not o divide ,verb-: to separate into two or more parts di . vide o differ ,verb-: to be unlike dif . fer dis- not' opposite of' e(clude o distrust ,verb-: to have no confidence or trust dis . trust e-, ex- out' out of' from o emit ,verb- to send out e . mit o expel ,verb-: to force out e( . pel en-, em- put into o enamor ,verb-: to cause to love' to 8put8 someone 8into8 love en . am . . or o empower ,verb-: to give power' to put into power em . pow . er epi-, upon' beside' over o epilogue ,noun-: the concluding section of a play or literary work epi . logue extra- beyond o extraordinary ,ad1ective-: going beyond normal e(tra . ordin . ary il-, im-, in-, ir, not' in o illegible ,ad1ective-: cannot be read il . leg . ible o imposter ,noun-: someone who poses as someone else im . post . er o inaction ,noun-: lack of motion' idle in . act . ion o irresolute ,ad1ective-: uncertain about hot to act' undecided' not having a solution ir . re . solute in-, im-, il- in' into o instead ,adverb-: in place of' an alternative ::

in . stead import ,verb-: to bring into a country from another country im . port

inter- between' among o interject ,verb-: to throw something ,usually a comment- between other things inter . 1ect intro- into o introspection ,noun-: to look into one&s own thoughts and feelings intro . spect . ion mal- bad o malfunction ,noun-: when something does not work properly mal . funct . ion mis- wrong o misconduct ,noun-: wrong doing' bad behavior mis . con . duct mono- one o monologue ,noun-: a dramatic performance or speech given by one actor mono . logue multi- many o multiply ,verb-: to increase in number multi . ply non- not' no o nonsense ,noun-: something that has no meaning or makes no sense non . sense ob-, oc-, of-, op- toward' against' in the way o obtain ,verb-: to gain or get' to get a hold of ob . tain o occur ,verb-: to happen' to come to mind oc . cur o offer ,verb-: to attempt to give' to propose' to try to hand out of . fer o oppose ,verb-: to be against' to stand in the way of something op . pose over- e(cessive' above o overwork ,verb-: to have too much work over . work :>

para- beside o paradox ,noun-: a statement that seems true and contradictory at the same time para . do( per- through o persecute ,verb-: to go after' to pursue per . secute post- after o postpone ,verb-: to put off to a later time' to delay post . pone pre- before o precede ,verb-: to go before' to come in front of pre . cede pro- for' foward o propel ,verb-: to push forward pro . pel re- back' again o readmit ,verb-: to allow in again re . ad . mit retro- backward o retrospect ,noun- to look back at past events retro . spect se- apart' move away from o secede ,verb-: to withdraw from an organi6ation se . cede semi- half o semiannual ,ad1ective-: occurring twice a year semi . annu . al sub-, suc-, suf-, sup-, sur-, sus under' beneath' near' from below' secretly' above' up o submarine ,ad1ective-: underwater sub . mar . ine o succeed ,verb-: to do well' to come after suc . ceed o suffice ,verb-: to be enough suf . fice o support ,verb-: to hold up' too keep up :@

o o

sup . port survive ,verb-: to live' to live through something' to e(ist sur . vive sustain ,verb-: to keep up' to hold up' sus . tain

super- over' above o superimpose ,verb-: to place something on top of something else super . im . pose syn-, sym- together' at the same time o synchronous ,ad1ective-: happening at the same time syn . chron . ous o sympathy ,noun-: sharing another person&s feelings' compassion sym . path . y trans- across' beyond' change o transform ,verb-: to change shape trans . form tri- three o tripod ,noun-: a three4legged stand tri . pod un- not' against' opposite o unceasing ,ad1ective-: never ending' continuous un . ceas . ing uni- one o uniform ,ad1ective-: having the same form or consistancy uni . form

NOUNS
Nouns perform the function of naming. Nouns name persons, places animals or things, as well as groups, ideas and qualities. In a sentence, nouns can be subjects, objects, or appositives.

-acy, -cy o Houn: state or *uality privacy: the state of being alone priv . acy :A

infancy: the state of being a baby or young child in . fan . cy

-age
o

Houn: activity' or result of action courage : having the spirit to overcome fear cour . age Houn: action' result of action referral : the action of directing a person to another place' person or thing re . ferr . al Houn: person artisan : a craftsperson arti . san

-al
o

-an
o

-ance, -ence o Houn: action' state' *uality or process resistance : the action of opposing something re . sist . ance independence: the state of not being under the control of others' free' self4governing in . de . pend . ence -ancy, -ency o Houn: state' *uality or capacity vacancy : an empty room or position vac . ancy agency: the capacity to e(ert power or influence' a position or person that performs a function ag . ency -ant, -ent o Houn: an agent' something that performs the action disinfectant : an agent that destroys germs' somthing that cleans dis . in . fect . ant dependent: a thing supported by another' a thing determined by another de . pend . ent -ate
o

Houn: state' office' fuction candidate : a person nominated for an office or position :B

candid . ate

-ation
o

Houn: action' resulting state specialization : the result of being distinguished by one *uality or ability spec . ial . i6 . ation Houn: place' state of being wisdom : possessing knowledge wis . dom Houn: person or thing that does something porter : a person who carries things port . er collector: a person who collects or gathers things col . lect . or Houn: an amount or *uanity that fills mouthful : an amount that fills the mouth mouth . ful

-dom
o

-er, -or
o

-ful
o

-ian, an o Houn: related to' one that is pedestrian : a person who walks ped . estr . ian human: a person hum . an -ia
o

Houn: names' diseases phobia : an illogical fear of something phob . ia Houn: art of healing psychiatry : branch of medicine that deals with the mind and emotions psych . iatry Houn: related to the arts and sciences

-iatry
o

-ic, ics
o

:D

arithmetic : a branch of math that usually deals with non4negative numbers arithm . et . ic economics: the social science related to studying business eco . nom . ics

-ice
o

Houn: act malice : the desire to do evil mal . ice Houn: material made for' activity' result of an activity flooring : a material made for floors floor . ing swimming: the activity of swimming or moving through water swim,m- . ing building: the result of making a structure build . ing Houn: condition or action abduction : the action of carrying someone away by force ab . duct . ion Houn: doctrine' belief' action or conduct formalism : a belief in sticking to prescribed forms or artistic styles form . al . ism Houn: person or member podiatrist : a foot doctor pod . iatr . ist Houn: product or part graphite : a black material used in making pencils graph . ite Houn: state or *uality lucidity : clear thinking luc . id . ity novelty: something new or unusual :E

-ing
o

-ion
o

-ism
o

-ist
o

-ite
o

-ity, ty
o

nov . el . ty

-ive
o

Houn: condition native : a person born in a specific place nat . ive Houn: condition or result document : an official paper usually showinf proof or evidence of something docu . ment Houn: state' condition' *uality kindness : the *uality of being kind or nice kind . ness Houn: condition or activity valor : bravery' courage val . or Houn: place for' serves for territory : an area around a place territ . ory Houn: status' condition relationship : the state of being related or connected to something or someone re . lat . ion . ship Houn: act' condition' process' function exposure : the condition of being e(posed or unprotected pos . ure Houn: state' condition' result of an activity society : companionship soci . et . y victory: the result of winning something vict . or . y

-ment
o

-ness
o

-or
o

-ory
o

-ship
o

-ure
o

-y
o

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VERBS Verbs make statements about nouns, ask questions, give commands, or show states of being. Verbs can be active or passive. Verbs also show tense or time of action. -ate o Verb: cause to be graduate : to give a degree to' to pass from one stage to the ne(t gradu . ate

-ed
o

Verb: past tense attained : something that has been reached or grasped at . tain . ed Verb: to cause to become moisten : to cause to become moist or damp moist . en Verb: action ponder : to think about pond . er clamor: to make noise' to call for loudly clam . or Verb: cause specify : to name or indicate in detail spec . ify Verb: present participle depicting : showing' describing with images or pictures de . pict . ing Verb: cause fantasize : to dream about something' to create images in the mind fant . as . i6e act

-en
o

-er, -or
o

-ify
o

-ing
o

-ize
o

-ure
o

Verb: conjecture : to come to a conclusion by supposition or guesswork con . 1ect . ure >5

AD !"#$V!%

Adjectives describe or modify nouns. Adjectives tell the reader more about the noun used in the sentence. -able, -ible o Ad1ective: worth' ability solvable : able to be solved or e(plained solv . able incredible: not able to be believed' ama6ing in . cred . ible

-al, -ial, -ical o Ad1ective: *uality' relation structural : related to the physical make up of a thing struct . ure . al territorial: related to nearby or local areas territ . or . ial categorical: related to a category' aboslute cate . gor . ical -ant, -ent, -ient o Ad1ective: kind of agent' indication important : marked by worth im . port . ant dependent: determined or relying upon something else de . pend . ent convenient: at hand' easy to use con . ven . ient -ar, -ary o Ad1ective: resembling' related to spectacular : related to something that is eye4catching or ama6ing spectac . ul . ar unitary : related to units or single groups representing *uantities unit . ary -ate
o

Ad1ective: kind of state inviolate : not disturbed' pure in . viol . ate Ad1ective: having the *uality of terraced : having terraces or steps terrac . ed

-ed
o

-en

>7

Ad1ective: material silken : made from silk' a fiber produced by worms silk . en Ad1ective: comparative brighter : more light bright . er Ad1ective: superlative strongest : having the most strength strong . est Ad1ective: having' giving' marked by fanciful : marked by imagination fanci . ful Ad1ective: *uality' relation generic : related to a whole group gener . ic Ad1ective: having the *ualities of projectile : something thrown with an outside force pro . 1ect . ile Ad1ective: activity cohering : the act of sticking together co . her . ing Ad1ective: having the character of newish : modern' recent new . ish

-er
o

-est
o

-ful
o

-ic
o

-ile
o

-ing
o

-ish
o

-ive, -ative, -itive o Ad1ective: having the *uality of festive : having the *uality of a festival or party fest . ive cooperative : being able or willing to work with another person or thing co . oper . ative >:

sensitive: easily felt' responsive to the senses sens . itive

-less
o

Ad1ective: without' missing motiveless : a reason for someone to do something mot . ive . less

-ous, -eous, -ose, -ious o Ad1ective: having the *uality of' relating to adventurous : charcteri6ed by the desire to seek new e(periences or risks ad . vent . ur . ous courageous : characteri6ed by courage' brave cour . ag . eous verbose: having more words than needed verb . ose fractious: characteri6ed by being difficult or troublesome fract . ious -y
o

Ad1ective: marked by' having hungry : having hunger' marked by a desire hungr . y

ADVERBS Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. -fold o Adverb: in a manner of' marked by fourfold : being four times as great four . fold

-ly
o

Adverb: in the manner of fluently : marked by ease of movement' effortlessly smooth flu . ent . ly Adverb: in a direction or manner homeward : toward home home . ward Adverb: in the manner of' with regard to timewise : with regard to time time . wise >>

-ward
o

-wise
o

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