Nhm 2. CNDVK1.

VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

ZIGBEE
T Th Huyn, ng Th Nguyn, Hong Th Di u Thun

1. Khi qut v Zigbee:

1.1 Khi nim mng WPAN: WPAN l mng v tuyn c nhn. Nhm ny bao gm cc cng ngh v tuyn c vng ph nh tm vi mt n hng chc mt ti a. Cc cng ngh ny phc v mc ch ni kt cc thit b ngoi vi nh my in, bn phm, chut, a cng, kha USB,ng h,...vi in thoi di ng, my tnh. Cc cng ngh trong nhm ny bao gm: Bluetooth, Wibree, ZigBee, UWB, Wireless USB, EnOcean... 1.2 Khi nim v Zigbee: L tp hp cc giao thc giao tip mng khng dy khong cch ngn c tc truyn d liu thp. Cc thit b khng dy da trn chun Zigbee hot ng trn 3 dy tn s l 868MHz, 915 MHz v 2.4GHz. Ci tn Zigbee c xut pht t cch truyn thng tin ca cc con ong mt l kiu zig-zag ca loi ong honey-Bee. Ci tn Zigbee cng c ghp t 2 t ny. Vi nhng c im chnh : - T c truyn d li u thp 20-250Kbps - S dng cng sut thp, t tiu hao in nng - Thi gian s dng pin rt di - Ci t, bo tr d dng - tin cy cao - C th m rng n 65000 node - Chi ph u t thp. T c d liu l 250kbps di tn 2.4 GHz(ton cu), 40 kbps di tn 915 MHz (M ,Nht) v 20kbps di tn 868 MHz (Chu u) 1.3 L ch s pht trin: Mng Zigbee c hnh thnh nm 1998 khi cc k s cng ngh nhn thy Wifi v Bluetooth khng thch h p vi nhiu ng dng. Thng 5 nm 2003, tiu chun IEEE 802.15.4 c hon thnh. Thng 10 nm 2004, Lin minh Zigbee ra i. y l hip hi cc cng ty lm vi c cng nhau cho php v ki m sot cc sn phm mng khng SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 1

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

dy tc thp, chi ph thp, t tiu hao nng lng v c tnh b o mt cao. L mt t chc c l p v hp tc phi li nhun. N to ra cc tiu chun k thut cho Zigbee, cp cc chng nhn, pht trin thng hi u, th trng. Cc phin bn Zigbee l n lt ra i t n nay: - Ngy 11/12/2004, phin bn u tin ra i: Zigbee 2004. Cng trong thi gian ny in thoi Zigbee u tin trn th gii c gii thiu vi nhng tnh nng nh iu khin cc thit b in gia dng, theo di nhit , m v h thng bo ng. - Thng 12/2006, Zigbee 2006 ra i. - Nm 2007, Zigbee PRO ra i vi nhng tnh nng vt tri hn.

1.4 So snh Zigbee vi BlueTooth, Wifi:

Zigbee cho php truyn thng tin ti nhiu thit b cng lc (mesh network) thay v ch c 2 sn phm tng tc vi nhau nh Bluetooth v Wibree. Phm vi hot ng ca Zigbee ang c ci tin t 75 mt ln n vi trm mt. Cng ngh ny i hi nng lng thp hn Bluetooth, nhng tc ch t 256 Kb/giy, ng thi Zigbee s dng rng hn trong cc mng mt li rng hn l s dng cng ngh Bluetooth. Phm vi hot ng ca n c th t t 10 75m trong khi Bluetooth ch c 10 mt trong trng hp khng c khuch i . SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 2

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

2. ng dng:
Nng lng thng minh: l tiu chun hng u th gii cho cc sn phm tng thch m theo di, kim sot, thng bo v t ng ha vic cung cp v s dng nng lng nc. N gip to ra ngi nh xanh hn bng cch cho ngi tiu dng nhng thng tin v t ng ha cn thit gim mc tiu th ca h mt cch d dng v tit kim tin. Tiu chun ny h tr cc nhu cu a dng ca h sinh thi ton cu, cc nh sn xut sn phm v nhng d n ca chnh ph p ng nhu cu nng lng v nc trong tng lai.

Zigbee iu khin t xa: cung cp mt tiu chun ton cu tin tin v d s dng iu khin t xa RF hot ng non-line-of-sight, hai chiu, cn phm vi s dng v tui th pin m rng. N c thit k cho mt lot cc thit b rp ht ti nh, cc hp set-top, thit b m thanh khc. iu khin t xa ZigBee gii phng ngi tiu dng t ch iu khin t xa cc thit b. N cung cp cho ngi tiu dng linh hot hn, cho php kim sot cc thit b t phng gn v v tr ca cc thit b hu nh bt c ni no - bao gm c pha sau g, tng, trang tr ni tht hoc thy tinh. Zigbee nh thng minh: ZigBee nh thng minh cung cp mt tiu chun ton cu cho cc sn phm tng thch cho php nh thng minh c th kim sot thit b, chiu sng, qun l mi trng nng lng, v an ninh, cng nh m rng kt ni vi cc mng ZigBee. Nh thng minh cho php ngi tiu dng tit kim tin, cm thy an ton hn v tn hng mt lot cc tin nghi d dng v t tn km duy tr. Zigbee nh thng minh h tr mt h sinh thi a dng ca cc nh cung cp dch v v cc nh sn xut sn phm khi h pht minh ra sn phm cn thit to ra ngi nh thng minh. Nhng sn phm ny l l tng xy dng mi thm cc th trng, v rt d s dng, duy tr v ci t. SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 3

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

Tt c sn phm Zigbee nh thng minh c chng nhn thc hin. Nhiu cng ty i mi ng gp chuyn mn ca h vo tiu chun ny, bao gm Phillips, Control4 v Texas Instruments. Zigbee chm sc sc khe: l theo di bnh nhn ti nh. V d, huyt p v nhp tim ca mt bnh nhn c o bi cc thit b eo trn ngi. Bnh nhn mang mt thit b Zigbee tp hp cc thng tin lin quan n sc khe nh huyt p v nhp tim. Sau d liu c truyn khng dy n mt my ch a phng, c th l mt my tnh c nhn t trong nh bnh nhn, ni m vic phn tch ban u c thc hin. Cui cng, thng tin quan trng c chuyn ti y t ca bnh nhn hay nhn vin vt l tr liu thng qua Internet phn tch su hn. Chm sc sc khe hng u v cng ty ang h tr cng ngh cho s pht trin ca ZigBee Chm sc sc khe, bao gm Motorola, Phillips, Freescale Semiconductor, Awarepoint v cng ngh RF.

Zigbee xy dng t ng: IU KHIN: * Tch hp v tp trung qun l chiu sng, si m, lm mt, an ninh. * T ng kim sot nhiu h thng ci thin tnh linh hot v an ninh. BO TN * Gim chi ph nng lng thng qua qun l ti u ha HVAC. * Phn b chi ph tin ch mt cch cng bng da trn tiu th thc t. LINH HOT * Cu hnh li h thng chiu sng mt cch nhanh chng to ra khng gian lm vic thch nghi. * M rng v nng cp xy dng c s h tng. AN TON * Mng v tch hp d liu t cc im kim sot truy cp nhiu chiu. * Trin khai mng li gim st khng dy tng cng bo v vng ngoi. Zigbee dch v vin thng: ZigBee Dch v vin thng cung cp mt tiu chun ton cu cho cc sn phm tng thch cho php mt lot cc dch v gi tr gia tng, bao gm giao thng, chi game di ng, dch v da trn a im, thanh ton di ng an ton, qung co di ng, thanh ton khu vc, tip cn vn phng di ng kim sot, thanh ton, v peer-to-peer dch v chia s d liu. SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 4

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

iu ny tiu chun duy nht cung cp mt cch hp l v d dng gii thiu dch v sng to mi m tt c mi ngi lin lc hu nh s dng in thoi di ng v thit b cm tay in t khc. N cung cp nhiu dch v gi tr gia tng cho cc nh khai thc mng in thoi di ng, nh bn l, cc doanh nghip, v chnh ph. Ngi tiu dng c th s dng in thoi di ng ca h tr cho cc sn phm v dch v, to ra game ring ca h v mng li truyn thng, nhn c gim gi hoc phiu gim gi t cc nh bn l, v c c hng dn hoc thng tin v khng gian cng cng vi GPS. ZigBee Dch v vin thng h tr cc nh sn xut sn phm, cc nh khai thc in thoi mng di ng, cc doanh nghip v chnh ph khi h tm cch mi tng tc vi cng chng. Tt c cc sn phm ZigBee Dch v vin thng c chng nhn thc hin. Cc cng ty vin thng hng u, cc nh sn xut sn phm v cng ty cng ngh dn s pht trin ca tiu chun ny, bao gm c Phillips, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, OKI, Huawei, Motorola v Texas Instruments.

3. M hnh giao thc ca Zigbee/IEEE802.15:

y l cng ngh xy dng v pht trin cc lp ng dng v lp mng trn nn tng l 2 tng PHY v MAC theo chun IEEE 802.15.4. N tha hng c tnh tin cy, n gin, tiu hao t nng lng v kh nng thch ng cao vi mi trng mng.

3.1 Tng vt l: cung cp 2 dch v chnh l dch v d liu (PHY) v dch v qun l (PHY). - Dch v d liu (PHY) iu khin vic thu pht ca khi d liu PPDU thng qua knh sng v tuyn vt l. SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 5

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

- Cc tnh nng ca tng vt l l: S kch hot hoc gim kch hot hoc gim ca b phn nhn sng , pht hin nng lng , chn knh , ch s ng truyn , gii phng knh truyn, thu v pht cc gi d liu qua mi trng truyn. Chun IEEE 802.15.4 nh ngha 3 di tn s khc nhau PHY (MHz) Bng tn(MHz) Tc chip (kchips/s) 300 600 2000 iu ch

868 915 2450

868868.6 902-928 24002486.5

BPSK BPSK QPSK

C tt c 27 knh truyn trn cc gii tn s khc nhau theo bng m t sau: Tn s trung tm(MHz) 868 915 2450 S lng knh (N) 1 10 16 knh Tn s trung tm(MHz) 868.3 906 + 2(k-1) 2405(k-11)

0 1-10 1126

Cc thng s k thut trong tng vt l ca IEEE 802.15.4: a. Ch s ED (energy detection): Ch s ED c o c bi b thu ED. Ch s ny s c tng mng s dng nh l 1 bc trong thut ton chn knh. N l kt qu ca s c lng cng sut nng lng ca tn hiu nhn c. N khng c vai tr trong vic gii m hay nhn dng tn hiu truyn trong knh ny. Thi gian pht hin v x l tng ng 8 symbol. Gi tr nh nht ca ED (=0) khi m cng sut nhn c t hn mc +10 db so vi l thuyt. ln ca khong cng sut nhn c hin th ch s ED ti thiu l 40db 6db. b. Ch s lu lng ng truyn (LQI): SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 6

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

Ch s ny c trng cho cht lng gi tin nhn c. cng vi ch s ED, n nh gi t s tn trn tp SNR. Gi tr ca n c giao cho tng mng v tng ng dng x l. c. Ch s nh gi knh truyn :s dng xem knh truyn ri hay bn. C 3 phng php: CCA1: Nng lng vt ngng, CCA s thng bo knh truyn bn. CCA2: Cm bin sng mang, CCA s thng bo knh truyn bn khi nhn ra tn hiu c c tnh tri ph v iu ch ca IEEE 802.15.4. CCA3: Cm bin sng mang kt hp vi nng lng vt ngng, CCA s thng bo knh truyn bn khi d ra tn hiu c c tnh tri ph v iu ch ca IEEE 802.15.4 vi nng lng vt ngng ED. d. Khung tin PPDU: Mi khung tin PPDU bao gm cc trng thng tin: . SHR : ng b thit b thu v cht chui bit. . PHR : cha thng tin di khung. . PHY payload: cha khung tin ca tng MAC. 3.2 Tng iu khin d liu Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 MAC: Cung cp 2 dch v l dch v d liu MAC v qun l MAC. Dch v d liu MAC c nhim v qun l vic thu pht ca khi MPDU (giao thc d liu MAC) thng qua dch v d liu PHY. Nhim v ca tng MAC l qun l vic pht thng tin bo hiu beacon, nh dng khung tin truyn i trong mng, iu khin truy nhp knh, qun l khe thi gian GTS, iu khin kt ni v gii phng kt ni, pht khung Ack. 3.2.1 Cu trc siu khung: LR-WPAN cho php s dng cu trc siu khung. Mi siu khung c gii hn bi tng mng v c chia thnh 16 khe nh nhau. Ct mc bo hiu d ng beacon c gi i trong khe u tin ca mi siu khung, nu 1 PAN coordinator khng mun s dng siu khung th n

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 7

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

phi dng vic pht mc beacon. Mc ny c nhim v ng b cc thit b nh km, nhn dng PAN v cha ni dung m t cu trc siu khung. Siu khung c 2 phn: - Phn ngh: PAN coordinator khng giao tip vi cc thit b trong mng PAN, v lm vic cc node cng sut thp. - Phn hot ng: gm 2 giai an l giai on tranh chp truy cp (CAP) v giai on tranh chp t do (CFP), giai on tranh chp trong mng chnh l khong thi gian tranh chp gia cc trm c c hi dng 1 knh truyn. Bt k 1 thit b no mun lin lc trong thi gian CAP u phi cnh tranh vi cc thit b khc bng cch s dng k thut CSMA-CA. Ngc li, CFD gm c cc GTSs, cc khe thi gian GTS ny thng xut hin cui siu khung tch cc m siu khung ny c bt u khe st ngay sau CAP. PAN coordinator c th nh v c 7 trong s cc GTSs, v mi 1 GTS chim nhiu hn 1 khe thi gian. Khung CAP:

CAP c pht ngay sau mc beacon v kt thc trc khi pht CFP. Nu di ca phn CFP=0 th CAP s kt thc ti cui ca siu khung. Tt c cc khung tin ngoi tr khung Ack v cc khung d liu pht ngay sau khung Ack trong lnh yu cu m chng c pht trong CAP s c s dng thut ton CSMA-CA truy cp knh. Khung cha lnh iu khin MAC s c pht trong phn CAP. Khung CFP:

Phn CFP s c pht ngay sau CAP v kt thc trc khi pht beacon ca xung k tip. Kch thc ca CFP do tng di cc khe GTSs c cp pht bi b iu phi mng PAN quyt nh. CFP khng s dng thut ton CSMA-CA truy cp knh Khong cch gia 2 khung(IFS) L khong thi gian cn thit tng PHY x l 1 gi tin nhn c. di ca n ph thuc vo kch thc ca khung va c truyn i. 3.2.2 Thut ton trnh xung t a truy cp s dng cm bin sng mang CSMA-CA:

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 8

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

y l phng php trnh xung t a truy cp nh vo cm bin sng. Cc node mng s lng nghe tn hiu thng bo trc khi truyn. N trnh xung t bng cch mi node s pht tn hiu v yu cu truyn trc ri mi truyn tht s.

3.2.3 Cc m hnh truyn d liu:

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 9

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

C 3 m hnh :t thit b iu phi mng PAN coordinator ti thit b thng, ngc li, v gia cc thit b cng loi. 3.2.4 nh dng khung tin MAC: Mi khung gm cc thnh phn: . u khung MHR (MAC header): gm cc trng thng tin v iu khin khung tin, s chui, v trng a ch. . Ti trng khung (MAC payload): cha thng tin chi tit v kiu khung. Khung tin ca bn tin xc nhn Ack khng c phn ny. . Cui khung MFR(MAC footer) cha chui kim tra khung FCS. 3.3. Tng mng ca Zigbee /IEEE 802.15.4: Dch v mng: Tng vt l trong m hnh giao thc Zigbee c xy dng da trn tng iu khin d liu. Mt mng c th hat ng cng cc mng khc hoc ring bit. Tng vt l phi m nhn cc chc nng l: Thit lp 1 mng mi. Tham gia lm thnh vin ca 1 mng ang hot ng hoc l tch ra khi mng khi ang l thnh vin ca 1 mng no . Cu hnh thit b mi nh h thng yu cu, gn a ch cho thit b mi tham gia vo mng. ng b ha cc thit b trong mng c th truyn tin m khng b tranh chp, n thc hin ng b ha ny bng gi tin thng bo beacon. Bo mt: gn cc thng tin bo mt vo gi tin v gi xung tng di. nh tuyn, gip gi tin c th n c ng tin mong mun. C th ni rng thut ton Zigbee l thut ton nh tuyn phn cp s dng bng nh tuyn phn cp ti u c p dng tng trng hp thch hp. 3.4 Tng ng dng ca Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4: Chc nng ca tng ng dng application Framework ca Zigbee l: D tm ra xem c nt hoc thit b no khc ang hot ng trong vng ph sng ca thit b ang hot ng hay khng. Duy tr kt ni, chuyn tip thng tin gia cc nt mng. Chc nng ca application Profiles l:

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 10

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA Xc nh vai tr ca cc thit b trong mng. Thit lp hoc tr li yu cu kt ni. Thnh lp cc mi quan h gia cc thit b trong mng

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

4. Phn loi thit b:

Trc ht chng ta tm hiu cc thut ng: Full-function devices (FFDs): l nhng thit b h tr y cc chc nng theo chun ca IEEE 802.15.4 v c th m nhn bt c vai tr no trong h thng. FFD c th hot ng trong ba trng thi: l iu phi vin ca ton mng PAN, hay l iu phi vin ca mt mng con hoc n gin ch l mt thnh vin trong mng, b sung b nh v sc mnh tnh ton lm cho n tr thnh l tng trong chc nng router mng hoc n c th s dng trong cc thit b mng cnh (ni mng chm th gii thc). Reduced-function devices (RFDs): l nhng thit b gii hn mt s chc nng (ch giao tip c vi FFDs, p dng cho cc ng dng n gin, khng yu cu gi lng ln d liu nh tt, m n) vi chi ph thp hn v phc tp hn. Mt mng ti thiu phi c mt thit b FFD, mt FFD c th lm vic vi nhiu RFD hay nhiu FFD trong khi mt RFD ch c th lm vic vi mt FFD. C 3 loi thit b Zigbee:

4.1 Zigbee Coordinator (ZC): thit b ny hnh thnh v duy tr kin trc mng tng th, ng thi n iu khin v gim st mng, lu tr cc thng tin v mng. V vy n yu cu b nh v sc mnh tnh ton ln nht. N l thit b FFD. 4.2 Zigbee Router (ZR): mt thit b thng minh c kh nng m rng tm bao ph ca mng bng cch nh tuyn v cung cp tuyn d phng hoc phc hi nhng tuyn b nghn, hot ng nh mt router trung SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 11

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

gian, truyn d liu gia cc thit b khc nhau. N c th kt ni vi ZC, ZR v c ZED. N cng l thit b FFD. 4.3 Zigbee End Device (ZED): l cc nt cm bin c cc thng tin t mi trng. N c th nhn tin nhng khng th chuyn tip tin, kt ni c vi ZC v ZR nhng khng th kt ni vi nhau. N c th l FFD hoc RFD.

5. Cc kiu hnh mng Zigbee:

Cc node mng trong mt mng Zigbee c th lin kt vi nhau theo cu trc mng hnh sao (Star), li (Mesh), cu trc b cm hnh cy (Tree). S a dng v cu trc mng ny cho php cng ngh Zigbee c ng dng mt cch rng ri.

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 12

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

5.1 Cu trc mng hnh sao (Star topology): cn c gi l point-topoint (one-hop) i vi loi mng ny mt kt ni c thnh lp bi cc thit b vi mt thit b c lp trnh iu khin trung tm iu khin c gi l b iu phi mng PAN. Sau khi FFD c kch hot ln u tin n c th to nn mt mng c lp v tr thnh mt b iu phi mng PAN. Mi mng hnh sao u phi c mt ch s nhn dng c nhn c gi l PAN ID (PAN identifier), ch s ny l duy nht m khng c s dng bi bt k mng khc trong phm vi nh hng ca n khu vc xung quanh thit b m sng radio ca n c th giao tip thnh cng vi cc thit b pht radio khc. Ni cch khc n m bo rng PAN ID m n chn khng c s dng bi bt k mng no gn y, cho php mng ny c th hot ng mt cch c lp. Khi c FFD v RFD u c th kt ni vi b iu phi mng PAN. Cc node trong mng PAN ch c th kt ni vi b iu phi mng PAN v th mng ny l mng tp trung, mi node mng u phi thng qua ZC nn ZC s tiu tn nhiu nng lng hn cc node mng khc v mng c tm ph sng nh (trong vng bn knh 100m). Nn s dng cu trc hnh sao ny cho cc ng dng c tm nh nh t ng ha nh, thit b ngoi vi cho my tnh, chi v games.

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 13

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

5.2 Cu trc mng li (Mesh topology): cn c gi l peer-to-peer (multi-hop) Kiu cu trc mng ny cng c mt b iu phi mng PAN. Thc cht y l kt hp ca hai kiu cu trc mng hnh sao v mng ngang hng, cu trc mng ny th mt thit b A c th to kt ni vi bt k thit b no khc min l thit b nm trong phm vi ph sng ca thit b A. Mng mt li khng tp trung cao nh mng hnh sao, thay vo l cc kt ni im - im nm trong tm ph sng ca cc im mng. Mng hot ng theo ch ad-hoc cho php chuyn tip nhiu chng qua trung gian l cc ZR, iu ny ng ngha vi vic phi c thut ton nh tuyn tm ra cc ng dn ti u nht. Mng ny c th hot ng trong tm rt rng ln, tuy nhin rt kh khn gim thiu phc tp trong vic lin kt bt c im - im no trong mng do kh c th m bo thi gian truyn ti thiu c. Cc ng dng ca cu trc ny c th ng dng trong o lng v iu khin, mng cm bin khng dy, theo di cnh bo v kim k (cnh bo chy rng)...ZR hot ng nh mt iu phi vin trong khu vc hot ng ca n m rng giao tip cp mng. Trong mng ngang hng, mi thit b c th giao tip vi thit b khc nu cc thit b c t gn to thnh cng ng dn lin kt. Bt k FFD no trong mng ngang hng c th ng vai tr l mt iu phi mng PAN. Mt cch quyt nh thit b no s l iu phi mng PAN l la ra thit b FFD u tin bt u vic giao tip nh l mt iu phi mng PAN. Mt RFD c th l mt phn ca mng v ch giao tip vi mt thit b c bit trong mng (ZC hoc ZR).

5.3 Cu trc mng hnh cy (Cluster Tree topology): Cu trc ny l mt dng c bit ca cu trc mt li trong a s thit b l FFD v mt RFD c th kt ni vo hnh cy nh mt node ri rc im cui ca nhnh cy. Bt k mt FFD no cng c th hot SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 14

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

ng nh l mt coordinator v cung cp tn hiu ng b cho cc thit b v cc coordinator khc v th m cu trc mng kiu ny c quy m ph sng v tm m rng cao. Trong loi cu hnh ny mc d c th c nhiu coordinator nhng ch c duy nht mt b iu phi mng PAN. Cc ZR nh hnh cc nhnh v tip nhn tin. Cc ZED hot ng nh nhng chic l v khng tham gia vo vic nh tuyn. B iu phi mng PAN to ra nhm u tin bng cch t bu ra ngi lnh o cho nhm ca mnh v gn cho ngi lnh o mt ch s nhn dng c nhn c bit gi l CID-0 (cluster identifier) bng cch t thnh lp CLH (cluster head) bng CID-0. N chn mt PAN identifier ri v pht khung tin qung b nhn dng ti cc thit b ln cn. Thit b no nhn c khung tin ny c th yu cu kt ni vo mng CLH. Nu b iu phi vin mng PAN ng cho thit b kt ni th n s ghi tn thit b vo danh sch. C th thit b mi kt ni ny li tr thnh CLH ca nhnh cy mi v bt u pht qung b nh k cc thit b khc c th kt ni vo mng. T hnh thnh c cc CLH1, CLH2... Mng hnh cy ha hn s em v u im ca hai mng trn: mng hnh sao (kh nng ng b, ng truyn tin cy nh vo ch GTS) v mng mt li (co gin v khong cch a l, tm hot ng rt rng).

6.An ninh Zigbee:

c im: An ninh Zigbee da trn nn tng l mt thut ton AES 128- bit, thm vo l nhng m hnh bo mt c cung cp bi IEEE802.15.4, dch v bo mt ca Zigbee bao gm cc phng php cho kha c s, kha vn chuyn, kha thit b qun l v kha bo v khung.

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 15

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

Cc c im k thut Zigbee nh ngha bo mt cho lp MAC, NWK v APS. Bo mt cho cc ng dng thng cung cp thng qua nhng ng dng s lc. Dch v bo mt gia cc lp mng - Khi khung tin tng MAC cn c bo mt, th ZigBee s dng dch v bo mt ca tng MAC bo v cc khung lnh MAC, cc thng tin bo hiu beacon, v cc khung tin xc nhn ACK. i vi cc bn tin ch phi chuyn qua mt bc nhy n, tc l truyn trc tip t nt mng ny n nt mng ln cn ca n, th ZigBee ch cn s dng khung tin bo mt MAC m ha bo v thng tin. Nhng i vi cc bn tin phi chuyn gin tip qua nhiu nt mng mi ti c ch th n cn phi nh vo tng mng lm cng vic bo mt ny. Tng iu khin d liu MAC s dng thut tan AES (chun m ha cao cp). Ni chung th tng MAC l mt qu trnh m ha, nhng cng vic thit lp cc kha key, ch ra mc bo mt, v iu khin qu trnh m ha th li thuc v cc tng trn. Khi tng MAC pht hoc nhn mt khung tin no c bo mt, u tin n s kim tra a ch ch hoc ngun ca khung tin , tm ra ci kha kt hp vi a ch ch hoc a ch ngun, sau s dng ci kha ny x l khung tin theo qui trnh bo mt m ci kha qui nh. Mi kha key c kt hp vi mt qui trnh bo mt n l. u mi khung tin ca MAC lun c 1 bit ch r khung tin ny c c bo mt hay khng. Khi pht mt khung tin, m khung tin ny yu cu cn c bo ton nguyn vn. Khi phn u khung v phn ti trng khung MAC s tnh tan cn nhc to ra mt trng m ha tin nguyn vn (MIC- Message Integrity) ph hp, MIC gm khong 4,8 hoc 16 octets. MIC s c gn thm vo bn phi phn ti trng ca MAC. Khi khung tin pht i i hi phi c tin cy cao, th bin php c s dng m ha thng tin l s chui v s khung s c gn thm vo bn tri phn ti trng khung tin MAC. Trong khi nhn gi tin, nu pht hin thy MIC th lp tc n s kim tra xem khung tin no b m ha gii m. C mi khi c mt bn tin gi i th thit b pht s tng s m khung ln v thit b nhn s theo di cn c vo s ny. Nh vy nu nh c mt bn tin no c s m khung tin b nhn dng mt ln th thit b nhn s bt c bo li bo mt. Tng mng cng s dng chun m ha AES. Tuy nhin khc vi tng iu khin d liu MAC, b m ha ca tng mng lm vic da trn trng thi CCM* ca h thng. Trng thi ny thc cht l s ci bin t CCM ca tng MAC, n thm vo chun m ha ny cc chc nng l ch m ha tnh tin cy v ch m ha tnh nguyn vn. S dng CCM* gip lm n gin ha qu trnh m ha d liu ca tng mng, cc chui m SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 16

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

ha ny c th dng li kha key ca chui m ha khc. Nh vy th kha key ny khng hon ton cn l ranh gii ca cc chui m ha na. Khi tng mng pht hoc nhn mt gi tin c m ha theo qui c bi nh cung cp dch v, n s kim tra a ch ngun hoc ch ca khung tin tm ra kha key lin quan ti a ch , sau s p dng b m ha ny gii m hoc m ha cho khung tin. Tng t nh qu trnh m ha tng MAC, vic iu khin qu trnh m ha ny c thc hin bi cc tng cao hn, cc s m khung v MIC cng c thm vo m ha khung tin. Tng ng dng: N chu trch nhim tuyn truyn trn mng ca nhng thay i trong cc thit b bn trong n, c th bt ngun t cc thit b (v d, mt s thay i trng thi n gin) hoc trong b qun l tin tng (c th thng bo cho cc mng chc chn mt thit b no c loi b t n). N cng c cc tuyn ng nh tuyn yu cu t cc thit b n trung tm Trust v s khi phc network key t trung tm Trust cho tt c cc thit b. Bn cnh , ZDO vic duy tr cc chnh sch bo mt ca thit b. 6.1Trust Center: Trung tm Trust quyt nh cho php hoc khng cho php cc thit b mi vo mng li hot ng ca mnh. Trung tm Trust c th cp nht nh k v chuyn sang mt h thng mng kha mi. u tin pht m kha mi c m ha vi mng kha c. Sau , n s truyn lnh cho tt c cc thit b chuyn sang kha mi . Trung tm Trust thng l iu phi vin mng li, nhng n cn c th l mt thit b chuyn dng. l n chu trch nhim vai tr bo mt sau: Trust manager: xc thc cc thit b c yu cu tham gia vo mng Network manager: duy tr v phn phi cc h thng kha. Configuration manager: cho php end-to-end gia cc thit b an ninh. 6.2 Kha bo v: 6.2.1 Kha i xng: An ninh Zigbee da trn nn tng kha i xng. C hai u khi to v u nhn ca mt giao dch bo v cn phi chia s cng kha, kha l s dng trc tip trong bo mt chuyn i thng tin. Thc t ngi ta dng ba phng php sau: Ci t sn: l ni m cc kha c t vo thit b s dng v s dng phng php out-of-band. V d: cc thanh cng c lnh. SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 17

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

Vn chuyn: l ni m cc trung tm Trust gi kha( mt cch an ton nu c th) n cc thit b. Khi to: l ni m thit b thng lng vi trung tm Trust v cc kha c khi to t hai u m khng b vn chuyn. SKKE( khi to kha i xng) CBKE( chng thc s khi to kha i xng) ASKE( m an ton ca kha khi to) 6.2.2 Kha bo mt: Zigbee s dng ba loi kha chnh qun l an ninh: Master, network , link key

Master keys : L nhng kha ty chn khng c s dng m ha khung hnh. Thay vo , chng c s dng nh mt b mt chia s ban u gia hai thit b khi chng thc hin cc th tc kha c s ( SKKE) to ra cc kha lin kt. Kha c ngun gc t trung tm Trust c gi l trung tm Trust Master kha, trong khi tt c cc kha khc c gi l lp ng dng Master kha. Network keys: Nhng kha ny ch thc hin an ninh lp bo mt trn mt mng Zigbee. Tt c cc thit b trn mt mng Zigbee cha s cng mt kha. Ch Bo mt cao mng kha lun lun phi c gi mt m qua khng kh, trong khi cc tiu chun an ninh kha mng c th c gi hoc c m ha hay khng m ha. Lu rng ch bo mt cao ch c h tr cho Zigbee PRO. Link keys: Nhng kha ty chn an ton thng ip gia hai thit b lp ng dng. Nhng kha c ngun gc t trung tm Trust c gi l Trung tm lin kt kha Trust, trong khi tt c cc kha khc gi l ng dng lp lin kt kha. 6.3.Ch bo v: 6.3.1 Ch bo mt tiu chun: Trong ch bo mt tiu chun, danh sch cc thit b, cc kha master, cc kha lin kt v cc kha h thng c th c duy tr bi c hai trung tm Trust hoc bng cc thit b ring ca chng. Trung tm Trust vn cn trch nhim duy tr mt tiu chun kha mng v n kim SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 18

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

sot cc phng thc np mng. Trong ch ny, cc yu cu b nh cho cc trung tm Trust l t hn so vi n dng cho ch bo mt cao. 6.3.2 Ch bo mt cao: Trong ch ny, trung tm Trust duy tr mt danh sch cc thit b, cc kha master, cc kha lin kt v cc kha mng m n cn kim sot v thc thi cc phng thc ca bn cp nht mng kha chnh v mng thu np. V s lng thit b trong mng li tng ln, v vy n cng yu cu b nh cho trung tm Trust. Cc kh nng bo mt b sung vn c trong Zigbee PRO rt quan trng hon thin kh nng bo mt ca Zigbee c s dng rng ri trong kim sot c s h tng- thng mi, xy dng, li in, hoc mt h thng an ninh trong gia nh khng c tn hi.

7. Hng pht trin:

7.1 Cc phin bn ca Zigbee: - Zigbee 2004( 1.0): phin bn gc. By gi t nhiu li thi v khng c kh nng tng thch ngc vi nhng chun Zigbee mi trn th trng - Zigbee 2006: c tnh tng thch ngc vi Zigbee 2007 - Zigbee 2007/ Zigbee Pro: cung cp nhiu tnh nng, nhiu nh tuyn, nhiu phng thc truy cp v s bo mt cao vi SKKE. Zigbee 2007 hon ton c tnh tng thch ngc vi cc thit b Zigbee 2006. - Zigbee RF4CE (Radio Frequence four Consumer Electronics ): dng iu khin t xa m thanh, hnh nh v nhng in t thng dng trong cuc sng hng ngy ca con ngi. N c rt nhiu li th trong iu khin t xa v bao gm c giao tip phong ph hn, n nh, tnh nng, tnh linh hot v kh nng tng tc cao hn. 7.2 .Hng pht trin Zigbee trong tng lai: Zigbee c th p dng cho tt c cc h thng iu khin v cm bin vi cc u im vt tri: gi thnh thp, tiu hao t nng lng, t li, d m rng, kh nng tng thch cao, Zigbee thit lp c s cho nhng tng cao hn trong giao thc (t tng mng n tng ng dng) v bo mt, d liu, chun pht trin m bo chc chn rng cc khch hng d mua sn phm t cc hng sn xut khc nhng vn theo mt chun ring lm vic cng nhau c m khng tng tc ln nhau. SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn Page 19

Nhm 2. CNDVK1. VAA

ZIGBEE/ IEEE 802.15.4

Tc l trong tng lai, cc sn phm ca Zigbee s c sn xut tng thch c vi chun 802.15 hoc rng hn c th l 802.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. en.wikipedia.org/.../ZigBee 2. www.zigbee.org/ 3. www.wisegeek.com/what-is-zigbee.htm

SVTH: Hong Th Diu Thun, ng Th Nguyn, T Th Huyn

Page 20