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-224.
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Principii generale, art.1, alin.1; "Teritoriul Romniei este inalienabil" - &RQVWLWX LD5RPkQLHL, 1991, titlul I, Principii
generale, art.3, alin.1.
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CEE, Luxemburg, 1991, pag.47-56.

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0,49

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0,75

0,62

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0,73

0,43

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0,88

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0,72

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VRFLHWDWHD D WUHFXW RGDW  FX GH]YROWDUHD UDSLG  D IRU HORU GH SURGXF

ie, la metale combustibili

- cea

PLQHUDOL WUDQVIRUPD L VDX QX vQ HQHUJLH HOHFWULF  L DSRL OD FHD PDL SURGXFWLY  UHVXUV 
LQIRUPD LRQDO UHVXUV VSHFLILF SHULRDGHLvQFDUHWU LP
9DORULILFDUHD UHVXUVHORU QX HVWH vQV  R UH]XOWDQW  LQWULQVHF  D H[LVWHQ H

i lor, fiind

GHSHQGHQW  GH FRQGL LLOH QDWXUDOH FOLP  UHOLHI KLGURJUDILH HWF &RQGL LLOH QDWXUDOH VXQW
GHILQLWH vQ OLWHUDWXUD GH VSHFLDOLWDWH FD UHSUH]HQWkQG HOHPHQWHOH PHGLXOXL vQFRQMXU WRU FDUH OD
QLYHOXO DFWXDO DO GH]YROW ULL IRU HORU GH SURGXF L
VRFLHW

e, sunt absolut necesare pentru dezvoltarea

LLGDUQXVHUYHVFGUHSWED] GHPDWHULHSULP SHQWUXGH]YROWDUHDHFRQRPLHL

/XDWH vQ DQVDPEOX UHVXUVHOH QDWXUDOH L FRQGL LLOH QDWXUDOH UHSUH]LQW  IDFWRUXO QDWXUDO

FDUH DO WXUL GH IDFWRUXO GHPRJUDILF L QLYHOXO GH GH]YROWDUH DO PLMORDFHORU GH SURGXF LH
LQIOXHQ HD] QLYHOXOGHGH]YROWDUHHFRQRPLF DORULF UHL

UL

$VWIHO FDOLWDWHD UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOH L JUDGXO GH DFFHVLELOLWDWH D ORU LQIOXHQ HD]  GLUHFW

productivitatea muncii n toate ramurile de aFWLYLWDWH Q DFHODL WLPS QLYHOXO JHQHUDO GH
GH]YROWDUHHFRQRPLF LLPSOLFLWSURJUHVXOWHKQLFR-WLLQ LILFLQIOXHQ HD] DFFHVLELOLWDWHD LQkQG
VHDPD GH DFHVWHD 0LQ   PHQ LRQHD]  FD IDFWRUL GH LQIOXHQ

resurselor nDWXUDOHXUP

 DL JUDGXOXL GH YDORULILFDUH D

WRDUHOHHOHPHQWH

3RVLELOLWDWHDWHKQLF DVRFLHW

LL

&HUHUHDHFRQRPLF SHQWUXDFHVWHUHVXUVHL
*UDGXOGHFXQRDWHUHDOORU

$YkQG vQ YHGHUH HYROX LD L VWUXFWXUD YDORULILF ULL UHVXUVHORU SXWHP FRQVLGHUD RULFH
HOHPHQW DO PHGLXOXL R UHVXUV  SRWHQ LDO  FH SRDWH GHYHQL R UHVXUV  QDWXUDO  vQ P VXUD vQ FDUH
FRQVLGHUHQWHOHHFRQRPLFHLWHKQLFHFHOHUHVWULF LRQHD] XWLOL]DUHDvQSUH]HQWYRUILvQO WXUDWHGH

SUHVLXQHD vQ SHUPDQHQW  FUHWHUH D FHUHULL 'H DVHPHQHD SURJUHVXO WHKQLF SRDWH FRQWULEXL L OD

excluderea unor resurse din categoria celor exploatate.

8WLOL]DUHDUHVXUVHORUQDWXUDOHULGLF GRX SUREOHPHLPSRUWDQWH

1HFHVLWDWHD LGHQWLILF ULL FHORU PDL HILFLHQWH F L GH XWLOL]DUH L D SRVLELOLW

nlocuire a resurselor epuizabile;

DiminuDUHD GH]HFKLOLEUHORU GH

LORU GH

PHGLX GHWHUPLQDWH GH H[SORDWDUHD FRQGL LRQDUHD

SUHOXFUDUHDLXWLOL]DUHDUHVXUVHORULUHVSHFWLYDPDWHULDOHORUHQHUJLHLRE LQXWH

9.1. CLASIFICAREA RESURSELOR

2SHUD LRQDOL]DUHD WHUPHQLORU IRORVL L SHQWUX FHUFHWDUH vQ GRPHQLXO UHVXUVHORU D I FXW
QHFHVDU  FODVLILFDUHDDFHVWRUD ([LVW  vQ DFHVW VHQV QXPHURDVH FULWHULL GH FODVLILFDUH GLQWUHFDUH

le vom enumera pe cele mai importante.

$VWIHOGXS FULWHULXOORFXOXLGLQVSD LXvQFDUHVHDIO UHVXUVDH[LVW 

resurse proveniteGLQDWPRVIHU -GLR[LGGHFDUERQR[LJHQD]RWHQHUJLHHROLDQ LVRODU D

UHVXUVHGLQKLGURVIHU
-DSDPLQHUDOHGL]ROYDWHHQHUJLHKLGUDXOLF 
UHVXUVHGLQOLWRVIHU - PLQHUDOHFRPEXVWLELOLIRVLOLHQHUJLHJHRWHUPDO VRO
UHVXUVH GLQ ELRVIHU
- UHVXUVH JHQHWLFH SRWHQ LDOXO WXULVWLF SRSXOD LD FD IRU  GH PXQF 
energia animalelor etc.
'XS FULWHULXO

modului de utilizare n faza de prelucrare, resursele pot fi:

resurse care devin materii prime SHQWUX VHFWRUXO VHFXQGDU DO HFRQRPLHL VXEVWDQ H
iQIRUPD LL
resurse care sunt sau produc energie (combustibilii, minereurile radio-DFWLYH IRU D

UHVXUVHLQIRUPD LRQDOHSURGXVHGHWLLQ

YkQWXOXLLDDSHLHQHUJLDVRODU IRU DGHPXQF DQLPDOHOHGHPXQF HWF

LWHKQLF WHKQRORJLLLQIRUPD LLHF

onomice etc.).

3HQWUX DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF  FRQWHD]  vQ PRG GHRVHELW FODVLILFDUHD UHVXUVHORU GXS 

criteriulJUDGXOXLGHFXQRDWHUHGLQDFHVWSXQFWGHYHGHUHDYHPXUP

resurse identificate exploatabilevQFRQGL LLHFRQRPLFHDYDQWDMRDVH

rHVXUVHFXQRVFXWHGDUDF URUH[SORDWDUHQXHVWHHFRQRPLF vQFRQGL
resurse presupuse exploatabile.

De DVHPHQHD LQWHUHVHD]
refacere a resursei:

WRDUHOHJUXSH

 L FULWHULXO GXUDELOLW

LL H[SORDW

LLOHFXUHQWH

ULL L DO SDUWLFXODULW

;
LORU GH

resurse inepuizabile (aeruODSDHQHUJLDVRODU HWFL

resurse epuizabile. Acestea se mpart n
- UHVXUVHHSXL]DELOHQHUHJHQHUDELOH] F PLQWHGHPLQHUHXULVDXFRPEXVWLELOLL
- resurse epuizabile regenerabile (plante, animale).
(9$/8$5($(&2120,&

$5(6856(/251$785$/(

Q FRQWH[WXO DFWXDO vQ FDUH FRQWLHQWL]DUHD SUREOHPHORU GH PHGLX L OHJDW GH DFHDVWD D
HSXL]DELOLW

LL UHVXUVHORU vL SXQH DPSUHQWD DVXSUD DFWLYLW

XWLOL]DUHD UD LRQDO  D UHVXUVHORU VH WUDQVIRUP  vQWU

LL GLQ WRDWH GRPHQLLOH GH DFWLYLWDWH

-un deziderat uQDQLP *HVWLRQDUHD GXUDELO

 D

UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOH SUHVXSXQH vQWUH DOWHOH R HYDOXDUH FkW PDL UHDO  DVWIHO vQFkW V  H[LVWH FULWHULL

SUHFLVHvQIL[DUHDFRVWXOXLL vQLHUDUKL]DUHDLPSRUWDQ HL XQRUUHVXUVHvQHFRQRPLLOHQD LRQDOHDOH

ULORUGH LQ WRDUH

DHL UHVXUVHOH QDWXUDOH VXQW UH]XOWDWXO ILUHVF DO XQXL SURFHV vQGHOXQJDW GH HYROX LH D
PHGLXOXL QDWXUDO vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX OHJLOH GH GH]YROWDUH DOH QDWXULL OD RUD DFWXDO  SUDFWLF QX
H[LVW UHVXUVHvQYDORULILFDUHDF URUDV  QXILLQWHUYHQLW DFWLYLWDWHDRPXOXLOXFU ULGH SURLHFWDUH
FHUFHWDUH DPHOLRUDUH H[SORDWDUH LQIRUPD LL HWF FDUH HVWH LPSOLF  DQXPLWH FKHOWXLHOL 9DORDUHD
UHVXUVHORU YD GHSLQGH DVWIHO GH P ULUHD DFHVWRU FKHOWXLHOL FDOLWDWHD ILHF UHL UHVXUVH L JUDGXO GH

solicitare a lor la etapDGHGH]YROWDUHDVRFLHW

LL

(YDOXDUHDHFRQRPLF DUHVXUVHORUVHSRDWHIDFHGXS 

aprecierea valorii absolute -VHUHDOL]HD]

vQFRQIRUPLWDWHFXP ULPHDFKHOWXLHOLORUGHSXVH

SHQWUX FHUFHWDUH YDORULILFDUH L H[SORUDUHD UHVXUVHORU GDWH 6H

FKHOWXLHOLOHQHFHVDUHSHQWUXUHIDFHUHDFDOLW

LQH FRQW GH D

semenea, de
-

LORUSLHUGXWHFDUH]XOWDWDOXQRUDF LXQLDOHRPXOXL

HUR]LXQHDVROXOXLW LHUHDLQWHQVLY DS GXULORU7RWvQDFHDVW DFFHS LXQHVHIRORVHWHLPHWRGD

HYDOX ULL SULQ FKHOWXLHOLOH FRPSHQVDWRULL DGLF  FKHOWXLHOL SH FDUH VRFLHWDWHD OH YD VXSRUWD GDF 
YD IL OLSVLW  GH GLIHULWH UHVXUVH 0HWRGD SRDWH IL DSOLFDW  DWkW SHQWUX R SHULRDG  VFXUW 

exprimndu-VHHILFLHQ DDQXDO
aprecierea comparDWLY

DUHSURGXFHULLUHVXUVHORUFkWLSHQWUXRSHULRDG PDLOXQJ 

 D UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOH

- VH GHWHUPLQ

 HILFLHQ D VXSOLPHQWDU  D

SURGXF LHLFDUHVHRE LQHvQXUPDIRORVLULLXQRUUHVXUVHPDLYDORURDVHvQFRPSDUD LHFXFHOHPDL

SX LQYDORURDVH2DVWIHOGHHYDOXDUHDUHXQFDUDFWHUJHRJUDILFvQWUXFkWVHED]HD] SHLQIOXHQ D
IDFWRULORUQDWXUDOLLVHUYHWHODLGHQWLILFDUHYDULDQWHLRSWLPHGHXWLOL]DUHDUHVXUVHORUFDUHSULQ

cheltuieli minime pot asigura un profit mai mare.

9.3. INDICII STATISTICO-ECONOMICI AI RESURSELOR NATURALE
&DUDFWHUL]DUHD XWLOL] ULL UD LRQDOH UHSURGXFHULL L SURWHF LHL UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOH VH
UHDOL]HD]  FX DMXWRUXO XQXL VLVWHP GH LQGLFL HFRQRPLFL $FHWL LQGLFL VHUYHVF FD R DUJXPHQWDUH
WLLQ LILF DDPSODV ULLPDLUD LRQDOHDELHFWLYHORUHFRQRPLFHvQGHSHQGHQ

GHUHVXUVHOHQDWXUDOH

pe care le fRORVHVFSHQWUXGHWHUPLQDUHDFHOHLPDLDYDQVDWHWHKQRORJLLGHH[WUDJHUHLSUHOXFUDUHD
UHVXUVHORU SUHFXP L D FRPSOH[XOXL GH PVXUL QHFHVDUH SHQWUX SURWHF LD PHGLXOXL $FHWL LQGLFL
SRWILJUXSD LDVWIHO

,QGLFLHFRQRPLFLFHFDUDFWHUL]HD] VWDUHDILHF UHL

resurse naturale;

,QIOXHQ D DFWLYLW

LL RPXOXL DVXSUD PHGLXOXL FDUH OD UkQGXO HL SRDWH IL DWkW SR]LWLY  FkW L

QHJDWLY 
0 VXULOHRULHQWDWHVSUHQHXWUDOL]DUHDDF LXQLORUQHJDWLYHDOHRPXOXLDVXSUDPHGLXOXL
,QGLFLLFHUHIOHFW FKHOWXLHOLOHOHJDWHGHUHDOL]DUHDP VXULOHGHUHGUHVDUHDPHGLXOXL
(ILFLHQ DHFRQRPLF DP VXULORUGHSUHYHQLUHDGHJUDG ULLPHGLXOXLvQFRQMXU WRU
QDIDU GHDFHWLLQGLFLFXFDUDFWHUJHQHUDOPDLH[LVW LLQGLFLFDUHFDUDFWHUL]HD] ILHFDUH

UHVXUV  vQ SDUWH 'LQWUH DFHWLD YRP H[HPSOLILFD SULQ LQGLFDWRULL FH FDUDFWHUL]HD]   UHVXUVHOH
IXQFLDUHUHVXUVHOHGHDS LSHFHOHIRUHVWLHUH

Astfel, pentru resursele funciareVHIRORVHVFXUP

WRULLLQGLFLHFRQRPLFL

VXSUDID D WHUHQXULORU DJULFROH FDUH OD UkQGXO HL LQFOXGH VXSUDIH HOH DU

abile, cele

FXFXOWXULPXOWLDQXDOHYLLOLYH]LS XQLIkQH H

VXSUDID D WHUHQXULORU QHDJULFROH FHOH FDUH VH DIO  VXE FRQVWUXF LL FDULHUH GH
H[WUDJHUH D PLQHUHXULORU VXE PDJLVWUDOH GH WUDQVSRUW WHUHVWUX UH]HUYD LLOH QDWXUDOH

etc.);

consumulVHDSUHFLD]

VXULOHGHvPEXQ

LULIXQFLDUHLULJD LLLFRPEDWHUHDHUR]LXQLLVROXOXL
SULQ

valorificarea terenurilor agricole, ca unul di indicii de antrenare a

VXSUDIH HORUvQFLUFXLWXOHFRQRPLFVXSUDID DDJULFRO WRWDOVXSUDID

VXSUDIH HDUDELOHWRWDOVXSUDID

VXSUDIH HvPS GXULWHS XQLIkQH H

Indicii economici ai UHVXUVHORUGHDS FDUDFWHUL]HD] FRQVXPXOGHDS SULQSULVPD

1. sursei de captare a apelor
2. tipului de consum:
QHFHVDUXOSHQWUXSURGXF LH
YROXPXO FRQVXPXOXL WHKQRORJLF GH DS  HYLGHQ LLQGX-VH VHSDUDW QHFHVDUXO GH DS

SRWDELO 

QHFHVDUXOGHDS SHQWUXLULJD LLLJRVSRG ULL

U QHWL

QHFHVDUXOGHDS SRWDELO LPHQDMHU DSRSXOD LHL

6H HYDOXHD]  GH DVHPHQHD YROXPXO DSHORU X]DWH GHYHUVDWH DO DSHORU VXSXVH HSXU ULL
FDSDFLWDWHD VWD LLORUGHHSXUDUH FRVWXO HOHPHQWHORUYDORURDVH FH SRWILH[WUDVHGLQDS LXWLOL]DWH

n diferite scopuri.
Resursele forestiere VXQW HYDOXDWH SULQ LQGLFL FDUH VH UHIHU

 OD VXSUDID D WRWDO  D IRQGXOXL

VLOYLF LQFOXVLY D FHOXL RFXSDW QHPLMORFLW GH S GXUL VXSUDIH H UHvPS GXULWH vQ GHFXUV GH XQ DQ
SODQWDUHD SHUGHOHORU IRUHVWLHUH GH SURWHF LH FDQWLWDWHD GH OHPQ W LDW SLHUGHUL GH VXSUDIH H
IRUHVWLHUH vQ XUPD LQFHQGLLORU L LQXQGD LLORU LQYHVWL LLOH QHFHVDUH SHQWUX UHDOL]DUHD P VXULORU GH
SURWHF LHDOHS GXULORU

9.4. PROGRESUL TEHNICO-7,,1 ,),&,)2/26,5($5$

A RESURSELOR NATURALE

,21$/

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SURGXF LHL FDUH SRDWH IL RE LQXW  SULQ HFRQRPLVLUHD UHVXUVHORU QDWXUDOH vQ SURFHVXO H[WUDJHULL L
SUHOXFU ULLORU

n acest sens, progresul tehnico-WLLQ LILF GHYLQH SULQFLSDOXO LQVWUXPHQW HFRQRPLF vQ
UH]ROYDUHD
SRVLELOLW

FRQWUDGLF LLORU

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QHFRQWHQLW 

D

FHULQ HORU

VRFLDOH

GH

UHVXUVH

L

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7HKQRORJLLOH DFWXDOH QX SHUPLW YDORULILFDUHD LQWHJUDO  D QXPHURDVH UHVXUVH $VWIHO OD
H[WUDJHUHDF UEXQHOXLU PkQHvQURF DSUR[LPDWLYGLQPDWHULDOXOH[WUDVODPLQHUHXOGHILHU

-  LDU OD FHO GH IRVIRU  3HUIHF LRQDUHD WHKQRORJLLORU WUHEXLH V

 FRQGXF  OD HOLPLQDUHD

DFHVWRU SLHUGHUL SH GH R SDUWH L OD UHQWDELOL]DUHD H[SORDW ULL XQRU UHVXUVH SRWHQ LDOH FXP VXQW

de exemplu, rezervele de hidrocarburi din platformele continentale sau de mare adncime. n

statele dezvoltate se extrage deja petrol de la adncimi mai mari de 5000 m.
'H DVHPHQHD RULFH LQRYD LH WHKQRORJLF  YD WUHEXLH V  ILH HYDOXDW  vQ GLPHQVLXQHD HL
HFRORJLF DQDOL]DSOHFkQGGHODFRQVXPXOGHHQHUJLHFRQWLQXkQGFXUDQGDPHQWXOGHYDORULILFDUH

a materiilor priPHLILQDOL]kQGX-VH FXHYDOXDUHDLPSDFWXOXLXWLOL]

ULLSURGXVXOXLILQLWSUHFXPL

GXS VFRDWHUHDGLQX]DDFHVWXLD

Progresul tehnico-WLLQ LILFvLDGXFHRFRQWULEX LHLPSRUWDQW

GHUHVXUVHSHPDLPXOWHF LFXPDUIL

ODUD LRQDOL]DUHDFRQVXPXOXL

 ExtrDJHUHDFkWPDLFRPSOHW DUHVXUVHORUPLQHUDOH
3UHOXFUDUHDFRPSOHW DUHVXUVHORUH[WUDVHLXWLOL]DUHDWXWXURUFRPSRQHQWHORUFDUHVHRE LQ
Reducerea pierderilor n cursul transportului;
9DORULILFDUHDGHHXULORUFHUH]XOW vQSURFHVXOGHSURGXF LH
Utilizarea noilor surse de energie.
Q JHQHUDO HVWH QHFHVDU  R DSUHFLHUH SURILODFWLF  YLV--YLV GH PHGLX vQF  GLQ ID]D GH
SURLHFWDUHDRULF UHLWHKQRORJLL

10
5(3$57,=$5($7(5,725,$/
(&2120,&(,$9$/25,),&

$

RESURSELOR

5,,$&(6725$

10.1. RESURSELE UMANE ALE ROMNIEI

(YROX LDSRSXOD LHLvQXOWLPDSHULRDG

La 1 iulie 1996,

SRSXOD LD WRWDO  D 5RPkQLHL QXP UD  ORFXLWRUL GLQ FDUH

E UED LLIHPHLUHYHQLQGvQPHGLHORFXLWRULNP

Q XOWLPLL  DQL HYROX LD SRSXOD LHL VH SUH]LQW  DVWIHO 

22.132.670 locuitori;
1989 23.111.521 lRFXLWRUL L OD  LDQXDULH  22.760.449 locuitori. Ritmul mediu de
FUHWHUHHVWHGHvQSHULRDGD 1989, ridicndu-VHSHVWHPHGLDHXURSHDQ FDUHDIRVW
ODGDWDUHVSHFWLY GH  3HMXGH HHYROX LDQXPHULF DSRSXOD LHLGLIHU VHQVLELOvQIXQF LH
GH QLYHOXO QDWDOLW

LL L DO PRUWDOLW

LL JHQHUDOH Q XOWLPLL  DQL V DX vQUHJLVWUDW FUHWHUL PDL

vQVHPQDWH vQ MXGH HOH &RQVWDQ D  &RYDVQD  %LVWUL D   %UDRY 
,DL  0XQLFLSLXO %XFXUHWL  FHOH PDL UHGXVH FUHWHUL vQUHJLVWUkQGX VH vQ MXGH HOH

$UDG*LXUJLX7HOHRUPDQLvQMXGH XO7LPLVXE

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QHVFKLPEDW Q XQHOH MXGH H XQGH

s-DX

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ULL V D PHQ LQXW

L FDUH IRORVHVF IRU D GH PXQF 

PDVFXOLQ  UDSRUWXO vQWUH VH[H ILLQG vQ IDYRDUHD E UED LORU $VWIHO OD  LXOLH LDQXDULH
SRSXOD LD PDVFXOLQD VH FLIUD OD  DGLF  R SRQGHUH GH SHVWH   GLQ WRWDOXO
SRSXOD LHL vQ MXGH HOH $OED %UDRY  &DUD 6HYHULQ +XQHGRDUD  &RQVWDQ D
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)HQRPHQXO GH vPE

WUkQLUH 6HPQLILFDWLY  SHQWUX HYROX LD VWUXFWXULL SH YkUVWH vQ XOWLPLL

10 ani, este accentuarea teQGLQ HL GH vPE

WUkQLUH GHPRJUDILF  D SRSXOD LHL FDUDFWHUL]DW  SULQ

VF GHUHDSURSRU LHLFRSLLORUvQYkUVW GHSkQ ODDQL8QJUDGULGLFDWDOvPE WUkQLULLGHPRJUDILFH

VHUHPDUF vQMXGH HOH$UDG%X] X'ROM*LXUJLX0HKHGLQ L

6WDWLVWLF

n structuUD SH YkUVWH D SRSXOD LHL

ULL DX DS UXW XQHOH GH]HFKLOLEUH FX HIHFWH SH PXOWLSOH

SODQXUL'LQWUHDFHVWHGH]HFKLOLEUHPHQ LRQH] VSRULUHDSHUVRDQHORU vQYkUVW GH LSHVWH

GH DQL FLUFD  /D QLYHOXO FHORU WUHL JUXS UL PDUL vQ YkUVW  VWUXFWXUD SRSXOD LHL
5RPkQLHLODVHSUH]HQWDvQIHOXOXUP WRU

0 14 ani: 4.599.749 (23,5%)

de la 15 la 60 ani: 14.098.699 (60%)

DQLLSHVWH

Natalitatea
$QDOL]D vQ SURILO WHULWRULDO D QDWDOLW

LL UHOLHIHD]  GLIHUHQ H vQVHPQDWH vQWUH MXGH H QWUH

anii 1986 QDWDOLWDWHDDIRVWGHvQMXGH XO9DVOXLLGHvQMXGH XO$UDGOD

QLYHOXO
ULL VLWXD LD VH SUH]LQW  DVWIHO OD QLYHO QD LRQDO SHQWUX SHULRDGD -1996 natalitatea
scade de la 11,9% - 1991 la 10,2 % - 1996.
Tabelul 2.
Indicatori

19
92

19
94

19
96

Natalitatea

11
,4

10
,9

10
,2

Mortalitatea

11
,6

11
,7

12
,7

0RUWDOLWDWHDLQIDQWLO

23
,3

23
,7

23
,3

0,
2

0,
8

2,
5

ODQ VFX L

Spor natural la mia de locuitori

3HVWH    DX vQUHJLVWUDW MXGH HOH %DF X %LVWUL D 1 V XG &RYDVQD ,DL 0DUDPXUH

1HDP  6XFHDYD 7XOFHD 9DVOXL 6XE    VH UHPDUF  MXGH HOH $UDG &DUD 6HYHULQ
7HOHRUPDQ7LPLL0XQLFLSLXO%XFXUHWL

Mortalitatea
Q DQXO  PRUWDOLWDWHD D IRVW GH     6H UHPDUF  L DOWH IHQRPHQH QHJDWL

ve n

SULYLQ D SRSXOD LHL 5RPkQLHL FXP DU IL FRQWLQXDUHD SURFHVXOXL GH vPE WUkQLUH GHPRJUDILF  D
SRSXOD LHL PDQLIHVWDW SULQ VSRULUHD SRQGHULL vQ SRSXOD LD DFWXDO  D SHUVRDQHORU YkUVWQLFH
vQU XW

LUHD VW ULL GH V Q WDWH D SRSXOD LHL LQVXILFLHQ D DVLVWHQ HL PHGLFDOH FUHWHUHD JUDGXOXL GH

SROXDUHDPHGLXOXLvQFRQMXU WRU

'XUDWDPHGLHGHYLD

&RPSDUDWLYFXDOWH

este de 65,9 ani (1992 DVHP

ULHXURSHQHGXUDWDPHGLHGHYLD

ODE UED L

Q WRDUHFX&6,8QJDULDODIHPHLQLYHOXOGHDQLHVW

FHOPDLVF ]XWGLQ(XURSD3UREDELOLWDWHDGHPRDUWHHVWHPDLULGLFDW vQ5RPkQLDGHFkWvQ6XHGLD

de 3-RULODFRSLLvQYkUVW GHSkQ ODDQLLGHFLUFDRULODSHUVRDQHOHGHYkUVW PLMORFLH

Cauzele principale ale deceselor. Cazuri de deces s-au nregistrat cu prioritate la bolnavii
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boli endocrine. Cele mai ridicate cazuri de deces s-au nregistrat cu prioritate la bolnavii cu boli
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l Giurgiu de 15,0 .

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cursul anului 1992, valoarea acestui indicator a crescut la 8,4% (aproximativ 929,0 mii
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altfel, ca fiind un domeniu cheie al oULF

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sub raportul capitalului investit.

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sunt de 3,433 mld. Tone, din care: 2,620

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POG 7RQH OLJQLW  POG 7RQH KXLO   POG

LOH GH SURGXF LH H[LVWHQWH OD  DX IRVW GH  PLOWRQHDQ

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] F PLQWHOH GH F UEXQL DOH 5RPkQLHL VXQW FRQVLGHUDWH GH FDOLWDWHD LQIHULRDU  L FX FRQGL LL
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Tabelul 3
Tipuri de
F

UEXQH

&RQ LQXWvQ

Putere
FDORULF

FHQX



Umiditatea
(%)

&RQ LQXWvQ

43
43
40
36

1,2
0,9
1,1
2,3

11

2,5

sulf (%)

(kJ/kg)
(05RLD-LO

EM Rovinari
EM Motru
EM Voievozi

6780
6800
6700
7285

LIGNIT EXTRAS
40
43
49
32
+8,/

Valea Jiului

25120

(YROX LDSURGXF LHLGHF

(;75$6

48

UEXQHGXS



3kQ  vQ  YROXPXO GH SURGXF LH FDUERQLIHU  D FUHVFXW FRQVWDQW 'XS  GHFOLQXO

accentuat din perioada 1990-1991, ncepnd cu anii 1992- VH FRQVHPQHD]

 R UHODQVDUH D

SURGXF LHL GH F UEXQH JHQHUDW  vQ VSHFLDO GH H[LVWHQ D FHUHULL H F UEXQH SH SLD D LQWHUQ 
(YROX LDSURGXF LHLIL]LFHGHF UEXQHvQXOWLPLLDQLHVWHSUH]HQWDW vQWDEHOXO

Tabelul 4

& UEXQHQHWWRWDOGLQFDUH
/LJQLWLF UEXQHEUXQ
+XLO QHW
+XLO HQHUJHWLF
+XLO VLGHUXUJLF
+XLO EUXW H[WUDV

1989
61,5
53,2
8,3
5,1
3,2
11,2

Realizat n anul (mil.t)

1991 1993 1995 1997
32,4
39,7
41,1
33,4
28,6
35,5
36,2
29,1
3,8
4,2
4,9
4,3
2,9
3,7
4,5
4,0
0,9
0,5
0,4
0,3
5,4
5,7
6,3
5,6

1998
26,2
23,0
3,2
3,0
0,2
4,4

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VSkQGLUHDJHRJUDILF

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ia sunt, n general, situate la adncimi mari

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UH]HUYHORUGHELODQ OHUHSUH]LQW UH]HUYHOHvQH[SORDWDUHLSRWDVLJXUDSURGXF LDSHQWUXR
SHULRDG GHGHDQL9ROXPXOUH]HUYHORUH[SORDWDELOHHVWHUHGXVGDWRULW 

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de adoptare a uQRUPHWRGHGHH[SORDWDUHPRGHUQHLFXSUHGLVSR]L LHODDSULQGHUL

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tul sub 1 m

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cu

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o pondere de 99,5%.
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mai importante structuri

(65%).

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IRVWGH3URGXVH]DKDURDVHVHRE LQOD%XFXUHWL%UDRY6LELX7LPLRDUD,DL
1HFHVDUXO GH FRQVXP GH ]DK U DO 5RPkQLHL HVWH DVLJXUDW GRDU vQ SURSRU LH GH 

-50%.

Consumul mediu lunar fiind de aproximativ de 0,9 kg/locuitor.

Localizarea industriei uleiurilor
Industria uleiurilor vegetale HUD UHSUH]HQWDW

 vQ WUHFXW SULQ XQLW

L PLFL

 SUHVH

U QHWL

FX GXUDWD GH IXQF LRQDUH OLPLWDW  OD DQRWLPSXO GH UHFROWDUH 0DWHULD SULP  FHD PDL LPSRUWDQW 

care seSUHOXFUHD]

RUHSUH]LQW VHPLQ HOHGHIORDUHD VRDUHOXLFHDPDLU VSkQGLW SODQW XOHLRDV 

FXOWLYDW ODQRL3URGXF LDGHIORDUHD

-soarelui n 1989 a fost de 656.000 tone cu 28 kg./loc.

n anul 1997, s-au produs 413 mii tone de ulei brut de floarea soarelXLLPLLWRQHGH
XOHL UDILQDW ,QGLFHOH GH IRORVLUH D FDSDFLW

LORU GH SURGXF LH HVWH GH  SHQWUX XOHL GH IORDUHD

VRDUHOXL L  vQ FD]XO XOHLXOXL UDILQDW FRQVXPXO PHGLX OXQDU ILLQG GH DSUR[LPDWLY 

kg/locuitor.
QFDQWLWDWHPDLPLF VHIRORVHWHLVRLDFXRSURGXF LHGHPLLWRQHNJORFXLWRU
FkW L VHPLQ HOH GH LQ GLQ FDUH VH RE LQ XOHLXUL LQGXVWULDOH 3ULQFLSDOHOH IDEULFL VXQW DPSODVDWH OD
,DL *DOD L %X] X 6ORER]LD 8U]LFHQL &RQVWDQ D %XFXUHWL %UDJDGLUX &UDLRYD 3RGDUL

OUDGHD&DUHL7LPLRDUD5RLRULGH9HGHXOHLWHKQLF
Centrele industriei de conserve
,QGXVWULD FRQVHUYHORU GH OHJXPH L IUXFWH

legume la: Tecuci, Zagna-9

s-D GH]YROWDW vQ XQLW

L VSHFLDOL]DWH SHQWUX

GHQL *DOD L 9DOHD 5RLHMXG & O UDL 0XUHHQL MXG 0XUH

$UDG 2UDGHD 9DOHD 2OWXOXL )HWHWL 7XUQX 0 JXUHOH &DUDFDO %XUGXMHWL

3UHOXFUDUHD L FRQVHUYDUHD IUXFWHORU V DX GH]YROWDW vQ ORFDOLW

Suceava, Dej etc.

L GLQ LPSRUWDQWH ]RQH SRPLFROH

5kPQLFX 9kOFHD % LFXOHWL $UJH 9 OHQLL GH 0XQWH +D HJ %DLD 0DUH 'HM %LVWUL D
) OWLFHQL7kUJX-LX
QDQXOSURGXF LDGHFRQVHUYHGLQOHJXPHDIRVWGHPLLWRQHLDUFHDGHFRQVHUYH
GHIUXFWHGHPLLWRQH*UDGXOPHGLXGHXWLOL]DUHDFDSDFLW

LLGHSURGXF LHvQDFHODLDQDIRVW

de aproximativ 12%.

&HQWUHOHLQGXVWULHLF
,QGXVWULD F

UQLL

UQLL GH LQH XQ ORF LPSRUWDQW vQ FDGUXO LQGXVWULHL DOLPHQWDUH $EDWRDUHOH VXQW

U VSkQGLWH vQ DSURDSH WRDWH ORFDOLW

FDSDFLW

LOH YRP PHQ LRQD GHFL FHQWUHOH FX LQVWDOD LL PRGHUQH L

L PDUL SH OkQJ  FDUH IXQF LRQHD]  L DQWUHSR]LWH IULJRULILFH LDU SURFHVXO GH IDEULFD LH

HVWH FRQWLQXDW vQ VHF LL GH SUHOXFUDUH

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%XFXUHWL 6LELX 0HGLD &OXM 1DSRFD 7kUJX 0XUH 'HYD $UDG 7LPLRDUD 6DORQWD %DF X

*DOD L3ORLHWL6XFHDYD2OWHQL D5HL D+D HJ6LQDLD'UREHWD7XUQX 6HYHULQ&RQVWDQ D

3URGXF LD UHDOL]DW  vQ  D IRVW GH  PLL WRQH JUDGXO GH XWLOL]DUH D FDSDFLW
GHGRDUODSUHSDUDWHGLQFDUQHLODFRQVHUYHLVHPLFRQVHU

LL ILLQG

ve din carne 16%.

Q VHFWRUXO GH VWDW LQGXVWULD F UQLL D vQUHJLVWUDW R VF GHUH VXEVWDQ LDO  vQ WLPS FH SHVWH
GLQSURGXF LHVHUHDOL]HD] vQVHFWRUXOSULYDW&RQVXPXOPHGLXOXQDUDIRVWvQDFHODLDQGH

3,85 kg/locuitor.

Centre ale industriei consHUYHORUGHSHWH

,QGXVWULD FRQVHUYHORU GH SHWH DUH OD ED]  WUDGL LD SHVFXLWXOXL 3ULQFLSDOHOH GRPHQLL GH
SHVFXLW VXQW 'HOWD 'XQ UHD &RPSOH[XO ODJXQDU 5D]HOP UkXULOH LQWHULRDUH 0DUHD 1HDJU  L
2FHDQXO $WODQWLF 3H SULPXO ORF VH VLWXHD]  'XQ UHD DSRL FRPSOH[HOH GH LD]XUL L ODFXUL GLQ
&kPSLD GH 9HVW &HID &kPSLD 7UDQVLOYDQLHL = X GH &kPSLH *HDFD 7DJD L &kPSLD -LMLHL
'UDFDQL 5HVXUVHOH SLVFLFROH DOH

ULL VXQW ERJDWH vQ SULPXO UkQG SHQWUX LFUH QHJUH VWXULRQL

PRUXQXO FHJD S VWUXJD QLVHWUXO Q DSHOH GH PXQWH VXQW FXQRVFXWH VSHFLLOH GH ORVWL
S VWU YFUHVFXWvQS VWU Y ULLOHGLQ&DUSD L

%OLGDUL0LQJKHW)

LQD1RY

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0DUDPXUH2LHWL

$UJH 6WkQD GH 9DOH %LKRU QWUHSULQGHUL SULQFLSDOH DX IRVW FUHDWH vQ 'HOWD 'XQ ULL

ComSOH[XO 5D]HOP 7XOFHD -XULORYFD 6XOLQD L SH 'XQ

UH 0 FLQ %RUFHD +kURYD & O UDL

&RUDELD&RQVHUYHGHSHWHVHSURGXFOD7XOFHD&RQVWDQ D*DOD L6XOLQD

Centre de prelucrare a laptelui

Industria laptelui. %D]D FRUHVSXQ]

WRDUH SHQWUX DVLJXUDU

ea materiei prime, laptele, este

DVLJXUDW GLQ SURGXF LL LQWHUQH $PSODVDUHD IDEULFLORU VH DIO  vQ PDULOH FHQWUH GH FRQVXP
%XFXUHWL 7LPLRDUD *DOD L &RQVWDQ D ,DL %UDRY $UDG 7kUJX 0XUH 6DWX 0DUH %DF X
3ORLHWL3LWHWL&OXM 1DSRFD$FHDVW UDPXU FXSULQGHLFRQVHUYDUHDODSWHOXLSULQGHVKLGUDWDUHD

VXEIRUP  GHODSWHSUDISHQWUX SULPDGDW vQ5RPkQLDvQ DQXO OD5HPHWHD MXG +DUJKLWD

Ulterior s-DXGDWvQIRORVLQ LvQWUHSULQGHULOD&kPSXOXQJ6XFHDYD L%DUDROWIDEULFLGHODSWH

conFHQWUDW3URGXVHOHODFWDWHXQWEUkQ]HWXULVXQWRE LQXWH vQFHQWUHOHFXWUDGL LH9DWUD'RUQHL
6LELX %XFXUHWL 7LPLRDUD %UDRY &OXM-1DSRFD $UDG 6XFHDYD ,DL %U LOD %LVWUL D %DF X
7kUJX0XUH0HGLDHWF
3URGXF LDGHODSWHGHYDF vQDQXO

1989 a fost de 4.247 mii tone, revenind 183 kg. pe cap

GHORFXLWRUILLQGvQVF GHUHvQ3URGXF LDIL]LF UHDOL]DW vQSHFDWHJRULLDIRVWGH

lapte consum - 2734 mii hl;

produse lactate proaspete - 1393 mii hl;
unt - 9812 tone;
brnzeturi - 45 288 tone;
lapte praf - 10 683 tone.

*UDGXO GH XWLOL]DUH D FDSDFLW

LL GH SURGXF LH HVWH GH DSUR[LPDWLY  FRQVXPXO PHGLX

lunar fiind de aproximativ 13 kg/locuitor.

0DULOHFHQWUHGHRE LQHUHDYLQXOXL
,QGXVWULD YLQXULORU L D E XWXULORU DOFRROLFH VH ED]HD]  SH SUHOXFUDUHD VWUXJXULORU L
IUXFWHORU 8QLW

LOH SURGXF WRDUH VXQW DPSODVDWH FX SUHF GHUH vQ ]RQHOH FDUH DVLJXU  PDWHULD

SULP  SHQWUX YLQLILFD LD VWUXJXULORU 0DL LPSRUWDQWH VXQW FHQWUHOH ,DL 2GREHWL &RQVWDQ D
)RFDQL-LGYHL9DOHD & OXJ UHDVF 7RKDQL'U J DQL$OED ,XOLD 0LQL3DQFLX DPSDQLDVH

SURGXFHOD%XFXUHWL=DUHD'U J DQL$OED ,XOLDLPOHXO6LOYDQLHL$]XJD9DVOXL0XUIDWODU

3URGXF LDWRWDO GHYLQEUXWUHDOL]DW vQDIRVWGHPLLYDJRDQHGLQFDUHV

DUHDOL]DWvQVHFWRUXOSULYDW*UDGXOPHLXGHXWLOL]DUHDFDSDFLW

LORUGHSURGXF LHDIRVWvQDFHODL

an, de 86%.
&HQWUHGHRE LQHUHDFHORUODOWHE

XWXUL

,QGXVWULDEHULLvLDUHvQFHSXWXULOHvQVHFROXOWUHFXW0DWHULDSULP GHED] 

- orzoaica nu

acopHU

 QHFHVLW

LOH LQWHUQH LPSRUWkQG R DQXPLW  FDQWLWDWH $O WXUL GH IDEULFLOH PDL YHFKL

%XFXUHWL $]XJD 7kUJX 0XUH 2UDGHD 7LPLRDUD V DX FRQVWUXLW DOWH XQLW

&RQVWDQ D%U LOD3LWHWL%DF X,DL6XFHDYD6DWX0DUH$UDG5HJKLQ0

L PDL QRL OD

iercurea Ciuc.

,QGXVWULDVSLUWXOXLLDPLGRQXOXL XWLOL]HD] FDPDWHULLSULPHSRUXPEXO FDUWRILL LPHODVD

SURYHQLW GHODIDEULFLOHGH]DK UGLQFDUHPRWLYXQLW

LOHSURGXF WRDUHGHGURMGLHVXQWDPSODVDWH

n apropierea bazei de materii prime.

IndustriaE
GH XQLW

XWXULORUQHDOFRROLFHVXFXULGHIUXFWHOLPRQDG SHSVLFLFRHVWHUHSUH]HQWDW 

LOH GLQ FHQWUHOH %XFXUHWL &RQVWDQ D &OXM 1DSRFD ,DL &UDLRYD $LFL VH SRDWH LQFOXGH

L vPEXWHOLHUHD DSHORU PLQHUDOH OD %RUVHF 0DOQD %RGRF +DUJKLWD %LERU HQL 6kQJLRU] % L

DUX 'RUQHL%X]LD/LSRYD

,QGXVWULD WXWXQXOXL FXSULQGH SULPD ID]  DFHHD D IHUPHQW ULL IRLORU GH WXWXQ vQ
vQWUHSULQGHULOHDPSODVDWHvQ]RQHOHGHFXOWXU DWXWXQXOXL&UDLRYD* HWL8U]LFHQL&DUHL$UDG
%kUODG2FQD0XUHIDEULFDUHD LJ ULORU

cea de-DGRXDID]

GHSUHOXFUDUHDIUXQ]HORUGHWXWXQ

VHIDFHvQFHQWUHOH%XFXUHWL7LPLRDUD,DL6IkQWX*KHRUJKH7kUJX-LX5kPQLFX6 UDW

Zonarea industriei alimentare n Romnia

([LVW XQHOHFRQFHQWU ULGHFHQWUHFRQGL LRQDWHGHSUH]HQ DFDQWLW
FH VH UHDOL]HD]  vQ ]RQHOH JHRJUDILFH GLQ

LLGHSURGXVHDJULFROH

DU  Q JHQHUDO DPSODVDUHD FHORU PDL PXOWH

ntreprinderi ale industriei alimentare se suprapune principalelor zone agricole:

=RQD YHVWLF , cu centrele importante: TimLRDUD $UDG 2UDGHD 9DOHD OXL 0LKDL &DUHL
Satu Mare etc.

=RQDFHQWUDO , cu centre importante: Cluj-1DSRFD7kUJX0XUH6LJKLRDUD0HGLDHWF

=RQD VXGLF

 FX QXPHURDVHOH FHQWUH GLQ &kPSLD 5RPkQ  L GLQ &DUSD LL 6XGLFL %XFXUHWL

3ORLHWL&UDLRYD'UREHWD7XUQX6HYHULQ3LWHWL5kPQLFX9kOFHD

=RQD HVWLF

 FX FHQWUH FD ,DL 5RPDQ %DF X 6XFHDYD 9DVOXL %RWRDQL DX FRQWULEX LL

vQVHPQDWHODSURGXF LDJOREDO DLQGXVWULHLDOLPHQWDUH

10.11. AGRICULTURA
$JULFXOWXUD FRQVWLWXLH SULQ WUDGL LH R UDPXU  LPSRUWDQW  D HFRQRPLHL URPkQHWL DFHDVWD
ILLQG VXV LQXW  GH SRQGHUHD SRSXOD LHL RFXSDWH vQ DJULFXOWXU  FDUH D DMXQV vQ  OD  GLQ
WRWDOXO SRSXOD LHL RFXSDWH L GH YDORDUHDDG XJDW  EUXW  DJULFRO  vQ SURGXVXO LQWHUQ EUXWFDUH vQ

1998, a ajuns la aproximativ 16%.

=RQHGHFXOWXU

DSODQWHORUDJULFROH

Fondul funciar cuprinde terenuri agricole (63,1%; 14,7 mil. ha), fond forestier (26,7%;
PLOKDLDOWHVXSUDIH HPLOKD7HUHQXULOHDJULFROHFXSULQGXUP WRDUHOHXWLOL] UL

tHUHQXUL DUDELOH  PLO KD  GLQ WRWDOXO IRQGXOXL IXQFLDU S

XQL L IkQH H  PLO KD

DSURDSH  YLL L OLYH]L  PLO KD SHVWH  6H UHPDUF  SRQGHUHD PDUH D VXSUDIH HORU
DUDELOHGLQWRWDOXOVXSUDIH HLIRQGXOXLIXQFLDU

Cultura plDQWHORU FXSULQGH XUP

WRDUHOH JUXSXUL GH FXOWXUL vQ  FHUHDOH JUkX 

PLO WRQH SRUXPE  PLO WRQH RU]  PLO WRQH SODQWH WHKQLFH IORDUHD VRDUHOXL VIHFO  GH
]DK ULQLFkQHS FDUWRILOHJXPHOHJXPLQRDVHSHQWUXERDEHYLWLFXOWXU LSRPLFXOWXU 
6XSUDID D DJULFRO  V D PHQ LQXW DSUR[LPDWLY OD DFHODL QLYHO GH

DFHVWDUHSUH]HQWkQGFLUFDGLVXSUDID DWRWDO D

-a lungul perioadei 1989-

ULL

6XSUDID D FXOWLYDW  SH JUXSH GH FXOWXUL - WRWDO DU  vQ  VH SUH]HQWD DVWIHO FHUHale
pentru boabe - 5920,6 mii ha; leguminoase pentru boabe - 44,7 mii ha; plante textile - 3,4 mii ha;
plante oleaginoase -  PLL KD SODQWH SHQWUX DOWH LQGXVWULDOL] UL - 136,3 mii ha; plante
PHGLFLQDOHLDURPDWLFH - 27,7 mii ha; cartofi - 261,3 mii ha; legume -PLL KDLSODQWHGH
QXWUH -PLLKDvQVXPkQGvQWRWDORVXSUDID FXOWLYDW vQVF GHUHID GHFkQGDIRVW
de 9846,8 mii ha), fiind de 8972,6 mii ha.

6XSUDID D FXOWLYDW  D vQUHJLVWUDW PRGLILF UL ID

 GH DQXO  DWkW FD YROXP FkW L FD

VWUXFWXU  QFHSkQG FX DQXO  DX FUHVFXW VXSUDIH HOH FXOWLYDWH FX FHUHDOH L vQ PRG GHRVHELW
FHOH FXOWLYDWH FX SRUXPE GH OD  vQ  OD  vQ  vQ VFKLPE VXSUDIH HOH
FXOWLYDWHFXVIHFO GH]DK USODQWHOHJXPLQRDVHLFDUWRILDXVF ]XWFRQWLQXX
3URGXF LD DJULFRO  YHJHWDO  D DYXW R HYROX LH QHXQLIRUP  GH

-a lungul timpului. Astfel, n

 VH vQUHJLVWUDX XUP WRDUHOH SURGXF LL DJULFROH SH JUXSH GH FXOWXUL SH WRWDO DU  FHUHDOH

pentru boabe - 15 452 ,7 mii tone; leguminoase boabe - 72,5 mii tone; plante oleaginoase - 1
317,6 mii tone; cartofi - 3 319,2 mii tone; legume total -PLLWRQHOHJXPHGHFkPSLvQ
VRODULLPLLWRQHSURGXF LDWRWDO GHIUXFWH -PLLWRQHSURGXF LDWRWDO GHVWUXJXUL
care a fost de 874,3 mii tone.
6WUXFWXUD WHUHQXULORU FXOWLYDWH VH DIO  vQWU XQ SURFHV GH HYROX LH GDWRULW  PRGLILF ULL

VLVWHPXOXLGHSURSULHWDWHDVXSUDS PkQWXOXL
%D]D IXUDMHU

 L FUHWHUHD DQLPDOHORU %D]D IXUDMHU  FXSULQGH S XQLOH L IkQH HOH

naturale (aSURDSH  GLQ VXSUDID D IRQGXOXL IXQFLDU OD FDUH VH DGDXJ
cu plante furajere.
Astfel, n 1998, s-DX vQUHJLVWUDW XUP

 R VXSUDID

 vQVHPQDW 

WRDUHOH VXSUDIH H L SURGXF LL WRWDOH SHUHQH YHFKL L

noi -  PLL KD UHVSHFWLY   PLL WRQH OXFHUQ  - 335,0 mii ha, respectiv 7 004,1 mii
tone; trifoi -PLLKDUHVSHFWLYPLLWRQHDQXDOHSHQWUXIkQLPDV YHUGH- 302,6 mii
ha, respectiv 3 773,7 mii tone; plante pentru nsilozare - 89,7 mii ha, respectiv 1 145,6 mii tone,
U G FLQRDVHSHQWUXQXWUH - 39,5 mii ha, respectiv 1 119,5 mii tone.
Efectivele de animale n anul 1998
(IHFWLYHOH GH DQLPDOH  DX vQUHJLVWUDW vQ XOWLPLL DQL R WHQGLQ

 DFFHQWXDW  GH UHGXFHUH OD

toate speciile. n anul 1998, efectivele de animale au ajuns la aproximativ jXP WDWH ID  GH DQXO
1XP UXODQLPDOHORUSHVSHFLLvQDIRVWGHERYLQH- 3235 mii capete; porcine - 7097
mii capete; ovine - 8938 mii capete; caprine - 610 mii capete; cabaline -PLLFDSHWHLS V UL
- 66 620 mii capete.
7UHEXLH PHQ LRQDW F  SULQFLSDOXO GH LQ WRU DO HIHFWLYHORU GH DQLPDOH HVWH VHFWRUXO SULYDW
Q  DFHVWD GH LQHD SHVWH  OD RYLQH L FDSULQH  OD ERYLQH  OD S V UL L  OD

porcine.

10.11.1. Regiunile agricole

3ULQFLSDOHOH UHJLXQL DJULFROH DOH

ULL

sunt: CPSLD

5RPkQ  FX SHVWH  GLQ

SURGXF LD DJULFRO  &kPSLD GH 9HVW 3RGLXO 0ROGRYHL 3RGLXO 'REURJHL 'HSUHVLXQHD
7UDQVLOYDQLHL 3RGLXO *HWLF 6XEFDUSD LL UHJLXQLOH PRQWDQH &DUSD LL ILHFDUH FX XQ VSHFLILF
SURSULXDOSURGXF LHLDJULFROH

Cmpia Romn este principala regiune agro-JHRJUDILF

FDOLW

D5RPkQLHL)RQGXOIXQFLDUDUH

LGHRVHELWHGDUIUHFYHQWHOHVHFHWH vQSDUWHDGHVXGLPDLDOHVvQSDUWHDGHHVW % U JDQD

QHFHVLWDW UHDOL]DUHD XQRU VLVWHPH GH LULJD LL QGLJXLULOH L GHVHF ULOH GLQ /XQFD 'XQ ULL DX P ULW
VXSUDID DDUDELO 6XSUDIH HOHFXDFXPXO ULGHQLVLS% U JDQ&kPSLD2OWHQLHLFHOHFXH[FHVGH
XPLGLWDWH GLQ FkPSLLOH GH VXEVLGHQ

 ]RQHOH V U WXUDWH VDX FX VROXUL DQWURSLFH GLPLQXHD] 

SRWHQ LDOXOSURGXFWLYDOWHUHQXULORU

Cmpia RoPkQ

SDUWLFLS FXSHVWHODSURGXF LDGHFHUHDOHLVIHFO GH]DK ULFKLDU

PDL PXOW OD SURGXF LD GH IORDUHD VRDUHOXL $ FUHVFXW VXSUDID D L LPSRUWDQ D FXOWXULORU IXUDMHUH
(VWHRLPSRUWDQW DULHGHFUHWHUHDSRUFLQHORURYLQHORULERYLQHORUFRPELQ

ate de tip industrial,

GDU L OD PLFLL SURGXF WRUL L PDL UHFHQW GH FUHWHUH D RYLQHORU &XOWXULOH DJULFROH XUF  L vQ
SRU LXQLOHPDLMRDVHDOH3RGLXOXL*HWLF

Cmpia de Vest OD FDUH VH DGDXJ  'HDOXULOH GH 9HVW DUH XQ SURILO VLPLODU GDU FX R
pondere PDL UHGXV   vQ SURGXF LD YHJHWDO  =RQD GH GHDOXUL DUH DVRFLDW FXOWXUL GH YL -deYLHLSRPLIUXFWLIHUL
3RGLXO 0ROGRYHL FX SURSRU LL DVHP Q WRDUH 

-20%), este o regiune cu specific

LQWURGXV GHFXOWXUD LQWHQVLY DVIHFOHLGH]DK U vQ&XORDUXO6LUHWXOXLGLQWRWDOXOSURGXF LHL

FXOWXULOHGHLQvQ3RGLXO6XFHYHLYLWLFXOWXU LSRPLFXOWXU +kUO X

-Cotnari-+XLGHFUHWHUH

D ERYLQHORU vQ QRUG L D RYLQHORU UDVD .LUDFXO SURILOXO FHUHDOLHU HVWH SUHGRPLQDQW SHQWUX
&kPSLD-LMLHLLVXGXO3RGLXOXL%kUODGXOXL
3RGLXO 'REURJHL

(7- GLQ SURGXF LD YHJHWDO

 DUH D VWUXFWXU  DJULFRO  FRPSOH[ 

FHUHDOHSODQWHWHKQLFHHWFDLFLVHUHPDUF HIHFWLYHOHPDULGHRYLQH
'HSUHVLXQHD FROLQDU

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cuprinde culturi vegetale n centru (Cmpia

7UDQVLOYDQLHL L vQ GHSUHVLXQLOH VXEPRQWDQH ]RQH YLWLFROH SRPLFROH L PDL DOHV FUHWHUHD
LQWHQVLY DDQLPDOHORU
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GLQSURGXF LDGHVWUXJXULLFUHWHUHDDQLPD
5HJLXQHD PRQWDQ

lelor.

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IkQH H FDUH DVLJXU  ED]D IXUDMHU  D FUHWHULL ERYLQHORU OD &XUEXU  L vQ &DUSD LL 0HULGLRQDOL
'HSUHVLXQLOHLQWUDPRQWDQHGLQ&DUSD LL2ULHQWDOLDXFXOWXULLQWHQVH

de cartofi.

Q SHUVSHFWLYD LQWHJU ULL HXURSHQH 6WUDWHJLD 1D LRQDO  GH $GHUDUH D 5RPkQLHL OD 8(
SUHYHGHvQGRPHQLXDJULFXOWXULLRVHULHGHDF LXQLFHYL]HD] 

GH]YROWDUHDVHUYLFLLORUGHH[WHQVLHDJULFRO 

vQW ULUHDFDGUXOXLLQVWLWX LRQDOSHQWUXGH]YROWDUHDUXUDO LQWHJUDW D

H[WLQGHUHD OD VFDU  QD LRQDO  D VLVWHPXOXL GH XWLOL]DUH FRPELQDW  D WHOHGHWHF LHL L

analizei e teren;
2 LPSRUWDQ

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 vQFHW

HQLW 

deja la nivelul U.E., unde s-a trecuW GH OD FUHWHUHD SURGXFWLYLW LL OD FUHWHUHD FDOLW LL FD
obiective ale politicilor agricole. n acest sens, s-a elaborat un proiect de statut pentru
RUJDQL]DUHDLIXQF LRQDUD&RPLWHWXOXL5RPkQ&RGH[$OLPHQWDULXVLDRUJDQHORUVDOHGHOXFUX

Pe termen mediu se prevede:

GHILQLUHDLSUHJ WLUHDFDGUXOXLOHJLVODWLYSULYLQGRUJDQL]D LLOHFRPXQHGHSLD 
FRQWLQXDUHDSURJUDPHORUGHDVLVWHQ SHQWUXVSULMLQLUHDDFWLYLW LLJUXSHORUGHOXFUXSH
produse;
UHDOL]DUHD RELHFWLYHORU FDUH UH]XOW  GLQ SURJUDPXO GH DVLVWHQ  DO 8( SkQ  vQ DQXO
2000 (S.P.P. - Special Preparatory Program);
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programului SAPARD.
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domeniul sanitar-YHWHULQDUFRPHU P VXULGHFRQWUROLQXvQXOWLPXOUkQGSURWHF LDDQLPDOHORU

Se prevede, n principal, crearea cadrului legislativ pentru instituirea unui sistem (similar celui
dLQ 8( GH GHOHJDUH vQVFULHUH LGHQWLILFDUH vQUHJLVWUDUH D DQLPDOHORU L DGHYHULUHD SURSULHW LL
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instalarea n Romnia a unui sistem similar sistemului ANIMO utilizat n U.E.).

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fito-VDQLWDULVDQLWDU-veterinar, care se va realiza prin:

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diagnostic (n 1999).
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gii alimentului.

10.12. TRANSPORTURILE
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10.12.1. Transporturile feroviare

Rutele feroviare din Romnia
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Anina %XFXUHWL Giurgiu 1869.
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erate este de 15,9 km la 1.000 km2.

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GiurJLX

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-Ruse, I

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Ursului (6.000 m), Teliu (4.375 m), Romuli-MaramurHP0HVWHF

QLP

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ILHU L ILHU YHFKL FHUHDOH SURGXVH DOLPHQWDUH HWF & LOH IHUDWH WUDQVSRUW   GLQ WRWDOXO GH
P UIXULLGLQWRWDOXOSDVDJHULORU

10.12.2. Transporturile rutiere

'UXPXULOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHFDUHWUHFSULQ5RPkQLD
/XQJLPHD WRWDO  D RVHOHORU vQ 5RPkQLD HVWH GH  NP L  NP DXWRVWUDG 

'HQVLWDWHD RVHOHORU HVWH GH  NP OD  NP  L  DXWRYHKLFXOH SH  NP GH GUXP &X
DMXWRUXO UH HOHL UXWLHUH VH WUDQVSRUW  P UIXUL DOLPHQWDUH GH LQGXVWULH XRDU  HWF GDU L XQ QXP U

mare de persoane peste 500.000 anual.

Leg

WXUD FX

ULOH GLQ QRUGXO L YHVWXO FRQWLQHQWXOXL VH IDFH SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO GUXPXULORU

LQWHUQD LRQDOH

E 60IDFH OHJ WXUD FX OLWRUDOXO URPkQHVF SULQ 7UDQVLOYDQLD FX )UDQ D *HUPDQLD
Italia, Cehia, Slovacia, Austria, Ungaria; E 70 OHDJ  ,XJRVODYLD ,WDOLD SULQ 5RPkQLD 0RUDYL D
7LPLRDUD 'UREHWD &UDLRYD %XFXUHWL *LXUJLX FX %XOJDULD 7XUFLD *UHFLD E 85 OHDJ 

3RORQLD8FUDLQDSULQ5RPkQLD6XFHDYD%DF X8U]LFHQL*LXUJLXFXVXGXOFRQWLQHQWXOXL

3ULQFLSDOHOHSXQFWHGHIURQWLHU VXQW0RUDYL D1 GODF%RU6LUHW$OEL D1HJUX9RG 
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Giurgeni-9DGX2LLLSHVWH3UXWOD$OEL D

10.12.3. Transporturile fluviale

5ROXO'XQ

ULLvQWUDQVSRUWXOHXURSHDQ

TrDQVSRUWXULOH

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GRPQLWRUXO 7 ULL 5RPkQHWL  $OH[DQGUX 0RUX]]L RE LQH GLQ SDUWHD 3RU LL 2WRPDQH GUHSWXO GH D
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In anul 1908 prin comDVDUHD PDLPXOWRURUJDQL]D LLGHWUDQVSRUWPDULWLPLIOXYLDO DOXDW

QDWHUH 'LUHF LD *HQHUDO  D 3RUWXULORU L & LORU GH &RPXQLFD LL SH $S  DO F UXL SULP GLUHFWRU D

fost inginerul Anghel Saligny.

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GH LQH NP SH FXUVXO SULQFLSDO  NP SH EUD HOH QDYLJDELOH DOH IOXYLXOXL L  NP F L
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SH0DUH1HDJU LQFOXGHG

e porturi , din care 3 porturi maritime, 6 porturi maritimo-IOXYLDOHL

26 porturi fluviale.
& LOH IOXYLDOH DOH 5RPkQLHL VXQW IOXYLXO 'XQ
FDQDOXO %HJD L SH 3UXW SkQ

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UH

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te fluvii ale

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(XURSHL PSUHXQ  FX FDQDOXO UHFHQW FRQVWUXLW 'XQ UH

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Oceanul Atlantic.
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fluvio PDULWLPH%U

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are o lungime de 64

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Agigea).
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a-1

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Canalul Bega

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-un

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10.12.4. Transporturile maritime

$GHY UDWDGH]YROWDUHDWUDQVSRUWXOXLPDULWLPDUHORFODvQFHSXWXODQLORU
OXDWILLQ

6RFLHWDWHD0DULWLP 5RPkQ

-1915 cnd a
SUHFXPLVRFLHWDWHDGHWUDQVSRUWXULPDULWLPH- Romnia

care avea n dotare 4 cargo boturi  -LXO %LVWUL D 6LUHWXO 0LUFHD 3ULPD WUDYHUVDUH D 2FHDQXOXL
$WODQWLF GH F WUH R QDY  URPkQHDVF  V-D UHDOL]DW vQ DQXO  GH F WUH FDUJRERWXULOH -LXO L
Mircea.
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-a diversificat prin

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dig de acostare pentru nave.

Ulterior n timpul celui de-DOGRLOHD U ]ERLPRQGLDOL SkQ SULQDQLLIORWD PDULWLPD
 3H SDUFXUVXO XOWLPHORU GHFHQLL DUH ORF XQ SURFHV GH
dezvoltare prin conVWUXLUHDvQ DUDQRDVWU D XQRUQDYH VSHFLDOL]DWHSHDQXPLWHWLSXUL GHP UIXULpetroliere, mineraliere, cerealiere etc.

URPkQD L D SLHUGXW GLQ LPSRUWDQ

Q SUH]HQW VH GHUXOHD]  XQ SURLHFW ILQDQ DW GH 8( L %DQFD 0RQGLDO  vQ YDORDUH GH 

milioane ECU pentru modernizarea portului Constan D SULQ UHIDFHUHD L FRQVROLGDUHD GLJXOXL vQ
SDUWHGHQRUGLGHVXGDSRUWXOXLGRWDUHDFXPRGXOHGHUDQIOXDUHGHLWRQHIRU
'LQIXQF LRQHD] OLQLDGHIHUU\ERDW&RQVWDQ D

Mersin (Turcia), iar din 1999 linia

GHIHUU\ERDW&RQVWDQ D

Poti- Batumi (Georgia).

'HVFKLGHUHD OD 0DUHD 1HDJU  SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO XQXL OLWRUDO GH  NP D IDYRUL]DW
OHJ WXULFXPXOWH

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L0LGLD7UDQVSRUWXOGHP UIXULSULQLQWHUPHGLXO

rutelor maritime a fost de 53.589 tone km n

1996.

10.12.5. Transporturile aeriene

Aeroporturile din Romnia
Transporturile aeriene s-DX GH]YROWDW PDL PXOW GXS

 SULPXO U ]ERL PRQGLDO FkQG SULPD

ED]  DHULDQ  LQWHUQ  D IXQF LRQDW vQ  3ULPD OLQH LQWHUQ  D IXQF LRQDW SH UXWD LQWHUQ 
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%DLD 0DUH VHUYHVF WUDQVSRUWXULORU LQWHUQH SDU LDO L UXWH H[WHUQH 'LQ DQXO  DHURSRUWXO GLQ
PXQLFLSLXO6DWX0DUHDUHOHJ WXULLQWHUQD LRQDOHFX68$
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- Chicago, Canada-Montreal.

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XOWLPD VSHFLDOL]DW  vQ FXUVH FKDUWHU $YLD LD XWLOLWDU  DF LRQHD]  vQ DJULFXOWXU  VLOYLFXOWXU 
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persoane s-D PHQ LQXW DSURDSH FRQVWDQW vQ XOWLPLL DQL -1993). n anul1996 s-au nregistrat
2327 milioane pasageri - km mii persoane pentru transportul aerian.
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transporturiORU $VWIHO VH YRU VXSOLPHQWD IRQGXULOH GH LQYHVWL LL QHFHVDUH LQIUDVWUXFWXULL
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proiectul de

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De

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erite produse.

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10.12.6. Transporturile speciale

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etrol).
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la 13.416 mii tone n 1993.

7HOHFRPXQLFD LLOH L UDGLR-WHOHYL]LXQHD VH GH]YROW  PXOW  GXS  DQXO $ERQDPHQWHOH
telefonice au crescut de la 1.618 mii n 1980, la 2.633 mii n 1993. 3RVWXULOH GH UDGLR L
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televiziune.
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continuarHD SHUIHF LRQ ULL FDGUXOXL OHJLVODWLY UHGXFHUHD GHFDODMHORU GH GH]YROWDUH SH SODQ
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defavorizate, n principal n mediul rural.

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ropice

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etnoculturale etc.).
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reprezentate de hoteluri de diferite categorii, iar restXO

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de cazare, QDQXODUDW

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38,8 %, balnear 48,4 %, litoral 59,5 %.

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Harghita 221, Prahova 200, Cluj 118, Sibiu 109, Vlcea 108,etc. In sectorul privat
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constituie originea pentru aproape 95,2 GLQYL]LWDWRULLVWU

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Romnia provin din Europa (n special din Republica Moldova, Italia, Germania, Marea
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