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CNG N TP HA 10 CHNG CU TO NGUYN T

Niken gm 4 ng v 5828Ni (67,76%), 6028Ni (26,16%), 6128Ni (2,42%) v 6228Ni. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca Ni bng :
A. 58,74 vC
B. 58,74
C. 60,1 vC
D. 60,1
Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87. Bc c hai ng v, trong ng v Ag-109 chim 44%,
nguyn t khi ca ng v th hai l:
A. 105
B. 106
C. 107
D. 108
63
65
ng t nhin (Cu = 63,54) gm hai ng v Cu v Cu. Kt lun no sau y l ng:
A. Cu65 chim t l 27%
B. Cu63 chim t l 70%
C. Cu63, Cu65 u c t l 50%
D. Cu65 c t l gp i Cu63
1
Trong nc hidro tn ti ch yu hai ng v H, 2D. cho nguyn t khi trung bnh ca hidro H = 1,008. S
nguyn t 2D trong 1 ml H2O (d = 1g/cm3) l:
A. 4,00.1010
B. 5,35.1020
C. 9,40.1021
D. 5,35.1022
Nguyn t c cu to nh th no?
A. Nguyn t c cu to bi 3 loi ht: proton, ntron v electron
B. Nguyn t cu to bi ht nhn v v electron
C. Nguyn t cu to bi cc in t mang in m
D. Nguyn t cu to bi ht nhn mang in dng v lp v electron mang in m
Chn pht biu ng ca cu to ht nhn nguyn t.
A. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton
B. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht ntron
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton khng mang in v cc ht ntron mang in dng
D. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton mang in dng v cc ht ntron khng mang in
ng knh ca nguyn t c c khong bao nhiu:
A. 10-6 m
B. 10-8 m
C. 10-10 m
D. 10-20 m
Cho s hiu nguyn t ca Clo, Oxi, Natri v Hiro ln lt l 17, 8, 11 v 1. Hy xt xem k hiu no sau
y khng ng.
36
23
Cl
Na
A. 17
B. 168 O
C. 11
D. 21 H

25
9. Nhn nh 2 k hiu 12
X v 25
11Y . Cu tr li no ng trong cc cu tr li sau:
A. X v Y cng thuc v mt nguyn t ha hc
B. X v Y l cc nguyn t ca 2 cht ng v
C. C.X v Y cng c 25 electron
D. Ht nhn ca X v Y cng c 25 ht (proton v ntron)
E. C B v C
10.Nguyn t Oxi c 3 ng v 168 O , 178 O , 18
8 O . Vy:
A. Tng s ht nhn Nucleon (proton v ntron) ca chng ln lt l 16, 17, 18
B. S ntron ca chng ln lt l 8, 9, 10
C. S khi ca chng ln lt l 16, 17, 18
D. C A, B, C u ng
E. C A, B, C, D u sai
11.Nguyn t Hir (khng k ng v) l nguyn t n gin nht, n gm c:
A. Mt proton v mt electron
C.Mt ntron v mt electron
B. Hai proton v mt electron
D.Mt proton, mt ntron v mt electron
12.Cc ng v c:
A. Cng s khi A
B. Cng s hiu nguyn t Z
C. Cng chim cc khc nhau trong bng HTTH
D. Cng s ntron
13.Hai nguyn t ng v c:
A. Cng khi lng
B. Cng s electron
C. Cng s proton
D. Cng tnh cht ha hc
E. Cng s ntron
14.Pht biu no sau y sai:
A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn nguyn t
B. S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron

C. S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t

D. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t bng tng s ht proton v tng s ht ntron
15.Mnh no sau y khng ng?
A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t Nit mi c 7 proton?
B. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t Nit mi c 7 ntron?
C. Ch c trong ht nhn nguyn t Nit t l gia s proton v s ntron mi l 1:1
D. Ch c trong nguyn t Nit mi c 7 electron
16.S phn b electron vo cc lp v phn lp cn c vo:
A. Nguyn t lng tng dn
B. in tch ht nhn tng dn
C. S khi tng dn
D.Mc nng lng E.S bo ha ca cc lp electron
17.iu no sau y sai:
A. Trong nhn ca nguyn t 11 H c 1 ntron
Phn lp s c ti a 2 electron
C.Phn lp p c ti a 6 electron
D.Phn lp d c ti a 10 electron
E.Phn lp f c ti a 14 electron
18. Da vo nguyn l vng bn hy xt xem s sp xp cc phn lp no sau y sai:
A. 1s < 2s
B. 2p > 2s
C.3s < 4s
D.3d < 4s
E.3p < 3d
19.Pht biu no sau y sai:
A. Chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t khng theo mt qu o xc nh
B. Mi electron u lin kt vi ht nhn u cht ch nh nhau
C. Nhng electron gn ht nhn nht mc nng lng thp nht
D. Mi lp n c n phn lp v mi lp n cha ti a 2n2 electron
E. Hin ti ch c 4 phn lp s, p, d, f cha electron
20.Cng thc electron ca nguyn t X l 1s 22s22p63s1. Bit rng X c s khi l 24 th trong ht nhn ca X
c
A.24 proton
B.11 proton, 13 ntron
C.12 proton, 12 ntron
D.11 proton, s ntron khng nh c
E.13 proton, 11 ntron
21.iu no ng trong cc iu sau khi cho bit k hiu l 3p5
A. C 3 phn lp p
B. Phn lp p thuc lp th 3
C.Phn lp p c nhiu nht 5 electron
D.Hai iu A, C
E.Hai iu B, C
22.K c in tch ht nhn Z = 19 th K c 1 electron lp ngoi cng thuc phn lp:
A. 4s
B. 3d
C. 3p
D.4p
23.Cho 5 cu hnh electron ca 5 nguyn t ln lt l:
1. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 2. 1s2 2s2 2p4 3. 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4.1s1 5.1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Hy xt xem cu hnh electron no l cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kim loi? phi kim
A. 1, 2, 3: kim loi 4,5: phi kim
C. 1, 4: kim loi 2,3,5: phi kim
B. 1, 2, 3: phi kim 4,5: kim loi
D. 1,3,4: kim loi 2,5: phi kim E.Tt c u sai
24.Trong nguyn t X tng s ht bng 52, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 16. S
proton v s khi ca nguyn t X l:
A. Z = 16, A = 32
B. Z = 17, A = 35
C. Z = 19, A = 39
D.Z = 15, A = 31
25.Nguyn t c Z=25 thuc loi nguyn t :
A. s
B. f
C. p
D. d
26.Cch sp xp mc nng lng no sau y l sai :
A. 2p>2s
B. 4f>6p
C. 5p>4d
D. 2p<3s
27.Cu hnh electron ca Cu (cho Z = 29) l:
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2
2
2
6
2
6
1
10
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9
28.Vi n l s th t ca lp th S electron ti a trong mi lp c tnh bng cng thc:
A. 2n2
B. 2n ( n<=4)
C. n2+ 2
D. 2n2 ( n<=4)
29.Mt nguyn t Y c tng s ht l 40. S ntron c trong nguyn t Y l:
A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 13
30.Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 46.Nguyn t ny c c im no sai:
A. s ht khng mang in t hn s ht mang in l 14 ht
B. X c 3 lp

C. X c 7e lp ngoi cng
D. X l phi kim
31.S e ti a trong cc lp K, L, M, N ln lt l :
A. 2,4,6,8
B. 2,10,18,26
C. 2,8,14,20
D. 2,8,18,32
32.3 nguyn t X, Y, Z c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l: 17; 18; 19; X; Y, Z c th l:
A. Phi kim, phi kim, kim loi.
B. Phi kim, kim loi, phi kim.
C. Kim loi, kh him, phi kim.
D. Phi kim, kh him, kim loi
33.Nguyn t Canxi c 20e, 20 prton v 20 ntron. K hiu nguyn t ca Canxi l:
60

20

40

40

A. 20 Ca
B. 40 Ca
C. 20 Ca
D. Ca 20
34.Mt nguyn t Y c tng s electron phn lp p l 11. Y l nguyn t ho hc no trong s cc nguyn t
sau?
A. Kali (z = 19)
B. Lu hunh (z = 16) C. Flo (z = 9)
D. Clo (z = 17)
35.Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v, bit

79
35 Br

chim 54,5%. Vy s khi

ca ng v th hai l :
A. 78
B. 81
C. 80
D. 82
3
36.Nguyn t nguyn t Y c cu hnh e kt thc phn lp 4p . THN ca nguyn t Y l :
A. 23+
B. 23
C. 33
D. 33+
37.Cc ht cu to nn ht nhn nguyn t (tr Hir) l:
A. Proton v Ntron
B. Proton v electron
C. Proton
D. Proton, electron v ntron
38.S n v in tch ht nhn ca Phtpho l 15. Trong nguyn t phtpho s electron phn mc nng
lng cao nht l:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 4
D. 3
39.Nguyn t A c s e phn lp 4s gp i phn lp 3d, vy s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t A l:
A. 23
B. 19
C. 21
D. 22
-19
40.Ht nhn nguyn t R c in tch +32.10 Culng, bit rng in tch ca 1 electron bng -1,6.10 -19
Culng, cu hnh e ca nguyn t R l:
A. 1s22s22p63s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p5
41.Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 13e, nguyn t ca nguyn t B c cng s lp e vi nguyn t A v c 5e
ngoi cng. Vy B c cu hnh e l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p3
B. 1s22s22p63s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
42.S khc nhau gia

12
6

C v

13
6

C l :

A. 1 prton
B. 1 prton v 1 electron
C. 1 ntron
D. 1 electron
43.Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 28, s ntron bng s proton cng thm 1, c im no sau y khng phi
ca X:
A. X l kim loi
B. X c 2 lp e
C. X c 7 e lp ngoi cng
D. X c A=19
44.Nguyn t ca cng 1 nguyn t c th khc nhau v:
A. s electron
B. s ntron
C. s prton
D. s hiu nguyn t
45.Cho nguyn t X c Z = 27. Hy chn cu hnh e ca X?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9
46.Nguyn t Br c Z=35.S e lp ngoi cng l:
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 7
47.S proton v s ntron trong nguyn t

235
92

U ln lt l:

A. 92,143
B. 92,235
C. 143,92
D. 235,92
2
2
6
2
1
48.Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Al (Z=13)l 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .Vy c im no sau y l sai:
A. Lp K c 2 e
B. C 1e lp ngoi cng
C. Lp M c 3 e
D. Lp L c 8 e
39
28
49.Cho 2 nguyn t 14 A , 19 B .Tng s ht trong 2 nguyn t ln lt l:
A. 56,41
B. 58,42
C. 42,58
D. 28,39
50.Nguyn t A c phn mc nng lng cao nht l 3d5 th THN ca A l:

A. 25
B. 30+
C. 25+
D. 26
20
51.Neon c 2 ng v, phn trm s nguyn t Ne l 90%. Bit Nguyn t khi Trung bnh ca Ne l 20,2. S
khi ca ng v cn li l:
A. 19
B. 20
C. 22
D. 21
52.Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca 1 nguyn t l 26, s khi ca ht nhn nguyn t ny l:
A. 20
B. 17
C. 19
D. 18
2
53.Cho 1 nguyn t m nguyn t c e mc nng lng cao nht l 3d . s e trong nguyn t ny l
A. 22
B. 20
C. 18
D. 24
54.Nguyn t c ng knh ln gp khong 10000 ln ng knh ht nhn. Nu ta phng ht nhn ln thnh
1 qa cu c ng knh 6 cm th bn knh nguyn t s l:
A. 200m
B. 400m
C. 300m
D. 600m
16
17
18
1
2
55.Oxi c 3 ng v 8 O, 8 O, 8 O. Hidro c 2 ng v 1 H, 1 H. C bao nhiu phn t H 2O c to ra ?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 9
D. 10
56.Cu hnh e ca nguyn t no sau y l vit ng?
A. 42Mo : [ Kr ] 4d55s1
B. 29Cu : [ Ar ] 3d84s2
C. 17Cl : [ Ne ] 3s13p6
D. 33 As: [ Ar ] 3d104s34p2
57.Cho cc nguyn t:
A. 2

14
15
17
17
18
6 C , 7 N , 8 N , 9 F , 10 Ne .

C bao nhiu nguyn t c cng s ntron ?

B. 3

C. 4
D. 5
BI TP T LUN: THAM KHO
58.Mg c 2 ng v X v Y. S khi ca X l 24, ng v Y nhiu hn X 1 ntron. T l s nguyn t X v Y
l 3 : 2. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Mg.
28
29
30
59.Silic trong t nhin gm 14 Si chim 92% , 14 Si chim 5% v 14 Si chim 3%.
a) Hy tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t Silic.
28
b) Gi s c 230 nguyn t 14 Si th cc ng v cn li ca silic cha bao nhiu nguyn t?

60.Tng s ht (p,n, e) trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 82. Trong nguyn t, s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 22 ht.
a) Tm s electron v s khi ca nguyn t X.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X v cho bit X l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim.
61.Trong t nhin Neon c hai ng v,

22
10

Ne ( chim 9%) ;

20
10

Ne ( chim 91%)

a) Tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Neon.

b) Tm s nguyn t ca ng v

20
10

Ne , bit ng v

22
10

Ne c 270 nguyn t.

62.Tm bn knh nguyn t ng, bit trong tinh th ng c 1 mol Cu chim th tch 7,25 cm3.
63.in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t X l + 56.10-19 Culng, bit qe = -1,6.10-19 Culng.Hy xc nh s hiu
nguyn t ca nguyn t X
64.Nguyn t X c tng s ht l70, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 18.X v X l 2
ng v c tng s khi l 98.T l s nguyn t tng ng l 4/5.Tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X v
X
65.Cho 4,12 g mui NaX tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 ta thu c 7,52 g kt ta
a) Tnh NTK ca X
b) Nguyn t X c 2 ng v. Xc nh s ca mi loi ng v bit rng:
- ng v 2 c s n trong ht nhn nhiu hn ca ng v 1 l 2 ht
- Phn trm cc ng v bng nhau
66.Nguyn t Y c tng s ht cc loi l 54, s ht khng mang in t hn s ht mang in l 14 ht.Vit k
hiu nguyn t Y
67.Nguyn t Y c tng s ht cc loi l 58. Xc nh s lng ht mi loi ca nguyn t Z bit mt ht
nhn nguyn t c cu to bn th 1 N/Z 1,5
68.Xc nh thnh phn cu to, vit k hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht cc loi l 36. S ht
khng mang in bng hiu s gia tng s ht vi s ht mang in m