You are on page 1of 17

:

'
' " , " .
, (") ,
, 1.
,
.

" " .
, .
" , , 2.
,
" . " ,
, , .
" , .
" , .'
" , ("),
(") .
, , ,
3
.

* , , . ," - ,
. ,' " , ,
. '.
1 " : , " ... " "
, " (; , ); ,
,- " (); , ' : , , " ();
.Hans-Jrgen Becker, Avot de-Rabbi Natan: Synoptische Edition beider Versionen, Tbingen 2006 :
" , , , " ,'
.331-329
2 : , ,' ;40-39 , ,' .6-3
.
3 , ,' .8

4:" .
" () , () , , " ' , ,
, 5. ( ") , .
" 6, 7,1 ( ,
, ,') . .
" , . " ,"
() () , () ( ' ' )
, .
" , ( ) .

( ,) ' :
8

" . " " ".


( ) :

[ ]
'
' [ ]
, .'
'
9
:
,- ( ).

10

4 " . , ,' .10-8


: , ,' ;xxiv-xx ,xvii-xvi , ,' -; , ,' .114-23
5 , ,' .31
6" , .
7 " , " , " . , ,' .226
8 ' - ,' .361 , , :
, , " ,' .104-103
9 " ( ) , , ( ").
10 " ,' 171-170 , , ,( 0 ); ,' 312 ;1' [] ,
: , () , " ,' ( 58 , (' )XXI "
" , ; , ,' ,231 " " .
" ") ' ; ' ' , ' ',
" , :... ,... " , " ( . ,
) ".


()1
()2
()3
()4
()5
()6
()7
()8

()9




'



'

'



' ' '

'

'
'


11


'

'

()10
()11
()12

'

'

()13

[ "']


'
' '

()14
()15



'

()16

()17

()18

'

'

()19

()20
()21

'

11 , ,' , " " "" . ,


.

[]0
()1
()2
()3
()4
()5
()6
()7
()8

()9
()10
()11
()12
()13
()14
()15
()16
()17
()18

[]
'


'


'


[ ' ]



'

()19
()20
()21

'
[]

["]
[ ]

[]
'
'

[ ]



'

' '
'

[]



' [ ]

' '
'
'

'
[ ]

'

'


, , . ," [="]
... " ."
" .
" " " 12. .
, ( " , ,') . ( "):
.
.
'
. ' [ ]
.
. '
:
. (""
"" , ( )4( ,)3 ,))6(- 21
(( )8 < ,"

13

) , " " ( )5

14, " " ( ,)12


15
" . " " , " " " ".
:
(" )1 :
() ,
() ,
( )2 : ".
() ( )22-21
() " : '"
( )i
( )ii
() ' () .

12 , ,' .XXVII
13 " , ( " ,"-") .
,Benjaminus Kenicott (ed.), Vetus Testamentum Hebraicum: Cum Variis Lectionibus, II, Oxonii 1780, p. 430
5" ( ' ') 250" , ".
14 , , , " ( ) , ".
15 , . .

" :18 - - -
'" . " '" 16,
' ,'" : ' '
" . '" :
'' ' " , ' : , .
. , " ' [ ] " .
(") , '" : '' [ ']?
" , ' . .
" " , ,'
" 17. , . ( )2 ()1
(( )1) , " :
, " .
, ".
,
(( )2) , . " : " .
" :' ' ' ."... ,"

18

' ,

; . '
" " , , ,
" ... ,"...
.

; ,
. ()
. ;
, , .
; .
, (
) " ":
( )1 : ......
( )2' : ... / ... ...

16 , . .
17 , ,' .
18 . " :
"... , ,' ,70 " " (
" "?) " ".

( )3' : ...

19

: " "
" / , ,"... ' "
" , , .
" " , .
( ) " " .
, "[] "... " "....

20

,0 " ,
.
, , , . " ' "
( , , ,)210 . ,
,
. " ,
' ' ' ' . ,
, 22. .
, ' , '
' " :18 - - - '" .
'' '' . ,
. ' " " (
" :)27 ' " 23,
" : , " 24.
25
"" .
, . ,
" '" ," :
",

26

( , .)1,

' " '" ( " :)12

19 , ,' .167 .
20 , , (' ' " :)73 , ,
, ' ;"... "" : ... "
( ,' ' " :87 ... ,)"....
21 . , ,' .27
22 , ,' ,70 .159
23 ' , , (' - ,' .)318 " " () , ( ,).
24 , (' ,' ).
25 , ,' .167
26 , (' ") ," " , ( 66 ,' ' ) .
, ,' ,167 .254

".

27

" '" ,

28

29

" " .1 ,
, . ,
" ' " , " [] " 30,
" " 31, " " 32.
" , .
, " ( , ' :)53
' ' '
'
'

33

"" "" 34, . ,


" : ... ; ...
35 " . " " ( ,);
" " " ( , ' )64 " " " ( , ' .)52
" " . ,
" :

" ()
" ()

()1

()2

, ' []

[ ]
, '
[ ]

()1
()2

27 ' , (' - ' .)24


28 , ,' ,168-167 ' ,70 .158
29 : , . " ",
. " " ( , , ) " (=
(" "?) , ( , ,' .)228
)"? " " "
30 , (' ") ," (' ' ).
31 , , (' ") ," (' ' ).
32 , ' 168
33 ,' .357 " , " . , ,.
34 , " , .
35 ( )" ," , " . , ("" "").


" [= ]
" 36, "" '
. ' "" :
, . ""
, "" . , " ' "
,0 , " , ' .
,
' " , ' '' '
, " 37.
( ):
( )1 ... ...
( )2 [ , ?]
() ' " '"
("[ )3 "] , .

38

( )3 " " ' ,


. " " , (
, , ) .
, ("") ' .
, " '
" 39. " "
40,
"" , 41, " " ,
. , 42.
"" , .

36 , ,' .
37 ,' " : ' ... " ... " " .
() , " """ ..."
( ) . .
38 , ,' , 88 "" ,
"".
39 ,' . , .
40 , , (' ,' ;)429 , " , ".
41 " " "!
42 " , , , () , ,
,; "" :
" . , ," : ... ...
... " , .

' ( " '")


, .
,
" 43 "" , ' ,
' , ; " '" ( ) 44.
, .
, ,
"" , , ?
, ' , " " ,
' ( " ' ") " " 45,
' , " ' " ("
46
" ').
, ( ' ) ():
,
>
47
< .

" , ' " "
" . ' ( '
); : " " ,
( ' ) 48," ' " .
" " ' ,
.
, , , .
( ) -
'' ' ," : '
, ,
'"

49

( ) . ,

43 .
44 , ,' .
45 ,' .
46 , . 91 ' " ( , ,'
' ,) 58 ( , ,' .)207-206
47 , ,' .
48 , ,' ,70 .159
49 , ,' .

" : '? '


" . " "
, , ""
. , , ' .
, ! ' .
:
' '
50
.
.'


, " :1
" 51. ' ""

"- - " ( ,)2


, . ,
' , ' ,
!
, .
, ,
. ,
, ' :
( )1 ,

52

' ;

' .
"
53,

-
" 54. ' "
" ( ,)27 " ,

50 , , (' ") ," (' ' ) . .


" , , (' ;)1044 , (' - ' -236
,) 237 ( )! - (
) , ' ' Raymundus Martini, Pugio Fidei: Adversus Mauros et Judaeos, Lipsiae et
Francofurti 1687, p. 552" " " , (
) ,".
51 ' ( " " " :) 30 [= ]
".
52 " ".
53 ,Charles Taylor, Sayings of the Jewish Fathers: Comprising Pirqe Aboth 2, Cambridge 1897, p. 56, n. 36
Man is beloved by God in whose image, or likeness, he was created; and he should be beloved by his " :
."fellow-men as a consequence of this love towards God Himself
54 , , , ,- " ,' .59

' () ' , " '


' ... '".
, " "
" ' " "! 55
"" .
" " 56, .
:
"" , 57.
( ' ,
) "" .
' .
( )2 ' , ,
"" ' , :

58

[ ,' ] " :
' '" . , ,
"" 59 , .
" . ' ' " " ,
' , ' ".
, "
".

60

" ,
55 " - " : 22
"" , . , , ,
, (' -- ,' .) 46-45 , .
( " ) ' , "
, [ " "]' , ( 12") ,' ,22-15 ' .17 "
" ( ,) , "?
56 ( ,)54' .60 : '' , '' ''?
57 ' ! ' ,
''" : , , ' ' '".
" ' , ' , (") ,' .2-1
.Louis Finkelstein, Akiba: Scholar, Saint and Martyr, Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 1936, p. 210 58
" " ; ,27 " "
, ?
59 "( " thy neighbor) , ( .) KJV (
,19 ,31 ( "proximum tuum" :)27 ,)!"amicum tuum" : "( " ).
60 , , (' ,' .)26 ( , ,'
- ' ;376 ' , ,' - ' ,233 , ") ,
" " ; (" ") , '
.


"" , 61. '
, ( ) ,
'
(' ) ".
? ,
, .
, ' .
' , , .
, " " , " " ,
. ,' , ,
' " " " " (" " " ") ,
,
.
, ,
62, " " . ,
' ,
. " : " "" ( ),
. ,
' :

63

[]

64

" " , 65,


' - "" " " .

61 , ,' ,70 .160


62 ' , : ' ' , (") ,' 171 .
, .27 : , , " ,' 135 .
, " - '' ,
: - ' ,
; . , (
' , : . ( )' , , (") ,'
,)489 ; ,
. , '
, ( ) . ,
, , .
63 . ' , ,
. ( ) ,
' , -' , () : , " ,' ,23 -
.
.Alejandro Diez Macho, Nepophyti 1: Targum Palestinense Ms de la Bibliotheca Vaticana, III, p. 131 64

' ( ) " . ,
"" " " " ,
" :" " " , .
?
" " .

66

' " " , ' ( , )1


67

" " , ' .


" " 68.
, " :
" 69. ,
" " 70, . :
71, () 72.,
"" .

65 - , " . ' , "


,'I (") ,' , 86-81 . :
" " " /" "
" " /" [" " " /"].
6
66 , : , : , , ,- " ,'
,240 ;101 ," : ,5 " ,' ,526 ,70 '
( 714 ,706 ' George Foot Moore, Judaism: In the First Centuries of the Christian ;)520
;Era, the Age of the Tannaim, II, Cambridge 1927, pp. 85-88 Israel Abrahams, The Greatest
.Commandment, Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels: First Series, Cambridge 1917, p. 18-29
67 ,Anthony J. Saldarini, The Fathers according to Rabbi Nathan, Version B, Leiden 1975, p. 155, n. 14 :,
, ; .
68 ,Jeffrey Wattles, Platos Brush with the Golden Rule, Journal of Religious :
. Ethics 21, 1 (1993), pp. 69-85 " " Keith D. Stanglin, :
The Historical Connection Between the Golden Rule and the Second Greatest Love Command, Journal of
.Religious Ethics 33, 2 (2005), pp. 357-371 E. W. Hirst, The :
.Categorical Imperative and the Golden Rule, Philosophy 9, 35 (1934), pp. 328-335
69 " . , ,2 ,- " ,' ,3 "
: " (!) . " " ( ,' )53 ' .
.
" 70 " .
" " , . ' " a later disciple of Hillels school, the
,"foremost sage of his own time Louis Finkelstein, Judaism as a System of Symbols, Moshe Davis (ed.),
.Mordechai M. Kaplan Jubilee Volume, New York 1953, pp. 225-226, n. 2 David Flusser, A New
,Sensitivity in Judaism and the Christian Message, Judaism and the Origins of Christianity, Jerusalem 1988, p. 479
" ,"a disciple of Hillel, or at least of this provenance .
( ") ,' ' ;
.
" . ( Stuart Weeks et
- -
71 , (' , ,' )" :
al. (ed.), The Book of Tobit: Texts from the Principal Ancient and Medieval Traditions, Berlin-New York 2004, p.
:) 147-149 , () ; " :
" [" "] ( " ?); " ( )
: " " , " " " ".
72 , (' ,' )" : - - ".

,
. " " .
( ) , " : '

- - - -
74
" . ,
" 73. " :
, . " - - " ,
75, " -" 76.
77
, .
, :
(

78
) ( ) .

. 79,
.- ,
80. , " " "
'' , ,- , " 81, ,
' , " : ... " 82.

83
" '" .

73 ( 31-30 ) . ( ,)40-34 " " ( .)


" , .
, . "
( ) 25-28 ( ) .





, (" '
") , .
Charles Taylor, The Gospel in the Law: A Critical Examination of the Citations from the Old Testament in the 74
, New, Cambridge 1869, pp. 276-277 (
, ,2 ;5 ,)3 , ''
' -' . " :34 ".
75 ;10-9 .14
76 .8
77 ,12 .31
78 .44-43 " - - - " ( ,29
.)39
79 (" ' ") , " " ( ?)7
80 .27
81 ( ,)6666 ,' .216
Israel Abrahams, The Freedom of the Synagogue, Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels: First Series, 82
.Cambridge 1917, p. 16 Solomon Schechter, On the Study of the Talmud, ,
.Studies in Judaism: Second Series, Philadelphia 1908, p. 117
83 ' , ' , () , , , " ,' .14-13

" , :
84

( ) " "
, ,
" ' " , " " " ' "
, " " ! ,
, ( , ) ,
. , ' ('
" ") " : ".

" . ,
" " ' ,
" '" . , ' ,
" " . ,
.
, ' :
, , , .
, ?
. ,
.
,
85. -
.
' , , ,
. ,
86,
".
, " - ,
. , ,
" 87. ,
" ,
84 ( ,)66 ,' .199-198
, , " ,' .73-71
Michael Greenbaum, The Finkelstein Era, Jack Wertheimer (ed.), Tradition Renewed: A History of the Jewish 85
.Theological Seminary, New York 1997, pp. 161-232
86 ," ( ,)66' 11.
87 ( ,)85' .200-198

88. (
) ,
" . ,
, .
, '
, ,
' " , " , ,
".

.Elijah J. Schochet, Solomon Spiro, Saul Lieberman: The Man and His Work, New York 2005, pp. 31, 197-199 88

You might also like