Ford Campbell Jeff Schwartz August 15th, 2013

Te as !awa"#" 2$13% !uma& 'mpact

()er spa&s of se)eral hu&dreds or thousa&ds of *ears, huma&"t* has ta+e& a&d used prec"ous parts of the earth for "ts ow& be&ef"ts, some ha)e tur&ed out good, but most ha)e bee& de)astat"&g- Sc"e&t"sts o)er the *ears ha)e bee& loo+"&g bac+ to f"&d what has caused d"ffere&ces "& the !awa""a& a&d .alapagos 'sla&ds a&d ha)e d"sco)ered that huma& act")"t* has caused the ma/or effect o& the b"olog*, the la&d, a&d the sea- For f")e wee+s ' "&)est"gated a&d stud"ed all sorts of d"ffere&t sc"e&t"f"c facts from arou&d the "sla&d, ha)"&g to wr"te about geolog"cal a&d b"olog"cal attr"butes of the "sla&d- !owe)er, ' also lear&ed about the huma& "mpact that we ha)e caused to the !awa""a& 'sla&ds a&d wrote about "t "& m* /our&al- As"de m* /our&al, we also were g")e& a red ma&ual that we used as a source of "&format"o&There were g")e& passages perta"&"&g to all aspects of the "sla&ds a&d sect"o&s where we f"lled "& "&format"o& we fou&d o& the "sla&ds- Although we th"&+ of !awa"" as a lush trop"cal get awa* for fam"l"es, the "sla&ds themsel)es ha)e suffered through huma& "&dustr*, "&troduct"o& of al"e&

spec"es, a&d the alter"&g of &atural e&)"ro&me&ts 0espec"all* the coral reefs1(& our f"rst full da* "& !awa"", the e&t"re group tra)eled to the 2earl !arbor base "& !o&olulu, (ahu- There we were g")e& the tas+ to loo+ "& our red boo+s a&d a&swer 3uest"o&s based o& the Ar"zo&a memor"al a&d whate)er else we saw, whe& obser)"&g the Ar"zo&a- ' saw that there was o"l st"ll lea+"&g out of the su&+e& battlesh"p, so ' we&t up a&d as+ed the par+ ra&ger there wh* "t was st"ll lea+"&g, he tur&ed to me a&d sa"d, 45)er* s"&gle da* s"&ce the Japa&ese attac+, the sh"p has poured out gallo&s of fuel each a&d e)er* da*- The reaso& that &obod* goes "& a&d gets the o"l "s because the* do&#t wa&t the sh"p to fall apart- Somehow, the o"l +eeps the steel o& the sh"p bou&d together a&d does&#t let "t fall apart-6 From "&format"o& that ' ha)e gathered at home, ' ha)e lear&ed a great deal about the Ar"zo&a#s wrec+age- Sta&d"&g o)er the Ar"zo&a, *ou ca& see o"l drop from "t e)er*

twe&t* to th"rt* seco&ds- 7he& the Ar"zo&a was doc+ed "& the port, there were est"mated to be arou&d f")e thousa&d se)e& hu&dred to&s of fuel 08aert, 20111- The sh"p also carr"ed the l")es of two thousa&d four hu&dred me& 08aert, 20111- 5)er s"&ce that da*, the sh"p has bee& lea+"&g arou&d three a&d a half l"ters of fuel "&to the ba* 08aert, 20111- Stud"es show that the sh"p#s frame, bu"lt "& world war o&e, should last a&other s" to e"ght hu&dred *ears- 'f a&*th"&g were to happe& to the sh"p, the fuel would&#t e plode out,

"t would s"t w"th the sh"p- Accord"&g too 5r"ch 9- .u&dlach a&d :"les (!a*es of the ;&")ers"t* of South Carol"&a, A well<de)eloped co&t"&ge&c* pla& "&)ol)es% 011 del"&eat"o& of poss"ble sp"ll sources a&d subse3ue&t d"spersal patter&s, 021 select"o& of boom, o"l reco)er* a&d d"spersal s"tes, 031 determ"&at"o& of proper sp"ll clea&<up a&d co&trol methods, a&d 0=1 a coord"&ated a&d well<orga&"zed s*stem of rap"d respo&se to a&* o"l sp"llageThrough mult"ple sources, the o)erall co&se&sus "s that at the rate of the lea+adge, the o"l "s&#t a ma/or e&)"ro&me&tal problem>ater o& that da*, the whole group we&t up too the ?ole 2la&tat"o& where we had to further loo+ "&to our red ma&uals to a&swer 3uest"o&s about the pla&tat"o&- 7h"le there, ' lear&ed that p"&eapple "s&#t e)e& &at")e to the "sla&ds, wh"ch co&&ects to the e&)"ro&me&tal "mpact because "t "s a& al"e& pla&t- S"&ce the p"&eapple#s arr")al "& the earl* f"ftee& hu&dreds, the people of the "sla&d ha)e lear&ed that the p"&eapple has grow& to be a cash crop, br"&g"&g large amou&ts of "&come to the "sla&d- 5)e& though the p"&eapple has bee& a ma/or help to the people of the "sla&d, the p"&eapple "s st"ll tech&"call* a& "&)as")e spec"es 0a&* spec"es that "s "&troduced to a& area1The parts of the "sla&d that are &ow co)ered w"th f"elds of p"&eapples show the ob)"ous effects of huma& a&d e&)"ro&me&tal "mpact- 5)e& though the p"&eapple has ser)ed as a helpful food source a&d "s prosperous o& the

"sla&d, "t "s st"ll a& "&)as")e spec"es a&d should be co&trolled better the& "t has bee& so farThe fourth da* was a )er* mellow a&d rela "&g da*, bes"des go"&g to !o&olulu a3uar"um where we had to do e)e& more red ma&ual wor+, d"scuss"&g a&d a&swer"&g 3uest"o&s o& the t*pes of f"sh that were show& there- ;suall* whe& we th"&+ of people remo)"&g f"sh from the ocea& we th"&+ of co&sumpt"o&, but there "s also the "dea of e&terta"&me&t- 2eople ta+e f"sh from the ocea& a&d ta+e them to the"r ow& homes, bus"&esses etc- w"th the f"sh be"&g ta+e&, people also ta+e the coral from the sea floor wh"ch hea)"l* effects the pla&t a&d the creatures that thr")e from "t?a* 11% Arr")"&g "& :au", we had to tra)el for arou&d two hours o& o&e of the w"&d"est h"ghwa*s "& all of !awa"", th"s h"ghwa* "s +&ow& as the !a&a !"ghwa*- 7h"le we were dr")"&g, we were told that bamboo was a ma/or "&)as")e spec"es of pla&t that had /ust about @e&gulfed# :au"- ?r")"&g through ' had gotte& a ma/or gl"mpse of the bamboo "&festat"o& that co)ered m"les of Cl"ffs"de "& :au"- '& the car w"th Joel, he told me about how the bamboo had come o)er from Ch"&ese a&d Japa&ese "mm"gra&ts who were loo+"&g for wor+, alo&g w"th br"&g"&g themsel)es a&d the"r wor+force, the* also brought alo&g the bamboo seed o& the"r clothes- The ru&&"&g bamboo h"ghl* aggress")e, a&d "f "ts &eglected, "t ca& wor+ "ts wa* through fe&c"&g

a&d other sorts of protect"o& so *ou &eed a spec"al +"&d of barr"er to +eep "t "&s"de A&other "&)as")e e&)"ro&me&tal "mpact that has ta+e& co&trol of the "sla&ds "s&#t a pla&t, but a& a&"mal- The mo&goose was brought to the "sla&d "& the earl* e"ghtee& hu&dreds whe& the commo& rat was brought o& sh"ps for sugar ca&e a&d other e ports- 7he& the rat came, "t "&fested the "sla&d, so the 2ortuguese came up w"th a& "dea to erad"cate the rode&t, the* se&t "& the mo&goose- The mo&goose was brought to +"ll a&d de)our all of the rats o& :au", the 8"g 'sla&d, a&d (ahu- (&e of the dow&falls of br"&g"&g the mo&goose "s that the rat "s a &"ghtt"me scou&drel compared to the mo&goose who ma"&l* tra)els "& the da*- The rat populat"o& was e)e&tuall* dec"mated a&d erad"cated but "& "ts place came the mo&goose wh"ch roams free w"thout a&* ma/or predators, see"&g how "t "s at the top of the food cha"&(& da* te&, the whole group we&t to go s&or+el"&g at o&e of the largest a&d best s&or+el"&g spots "& all of the 8"g 'sla&d, 0' loo+ed bac+ "& the red boo+ to see "f ' could f"&d the &ame of the beach a&d ' could&#t f"&d "t1 where we were g")e& a short speech b* the par+ ra&gers o& how we are&#t aloud to step o&to the coral "& the ba* because "t +"lls the coral a&d ca& also cause the perso& harmAll a&d all, huma&s do&#t mea& to hurt the e&)"ro&me&t, we are /ust as

much of a part of th"s pla&et as a&* of the other pla&ts a&d a&"mals as we doSo from th"s "&cred"ble e per"e&ce that ' was able to be a part of, ' lear&ed hea)"l* o& how to treat the e&)"ro&me&t arou&d me a&d how to tr* a&d repa"r the damage that '#)e do&e- A&d ' also wa&ted to tha&+ *ou :r- Schwartz for perse)er"&g through the tr"p w"th us, ' +&ow that "t was hard for *ou more tha& a&*bod* due to *our ca&cer, *ou#)e beate& "t o&ce, ' +&ow *ou#ll beat "t aga"&-