WEBGIS-CNG NGH V NG DNG

TRONG QUN L V D BO DCH HI

INH VN CNG CHNH

v cc CTV
Chi cc BVTV Kin Giang

inh Vn Cng Chnh, sinh ngy 15/01/1975. Hin cng tc ti: Phng Kim dch v d
bo su bnh. Chi cc BVTV Kin Giang. a ch: 731A Nguyn trung Trc - Rch Gi
Kin Giang. in thoi: 077-813806, Email: congchinh_dv@yahoo.com

Abstract
By combining Geostatistics, GIS and traditional statistical method, pest
forecast model has been rapidly constructed, with high efficiency and
reliability. However, along with the development of Web technology, it is
created a new challenge of how to send GIS information on Web so many
users can contact with it. There are many architectures and technologies may
be applied to realize this namely different kinds of architecture such as thin
client, thick client, technologies as CGI, Plug-ins, Java Applet and so forth. In
constructing on line plant protection system, we used both types of
architecture, thin client architecture with CGI in order to issue pest
forecasting results onto the Web and thick client architecture in order to
disseminate data and GIS functions to users. Both type of architecture well
serve disciplinary management job but are not yet optimum solution to take
advantage Web resources. The best architecture will be distributed GIS
architecture in which data and processing components are facultatively
distributed on Web and they will cooperate together when having to
accomplish a specific task and this architecture will be our future research
target in system constructing.
1. Gii thiu
Vic kho st mi tng gian gia dch hi vi nhng c tnh vt l a l v sinh
hc ca mi trng pht trin m hnh ton hc d bo dch hi lun i hi mt s
lng d liu khng gian v phi khng gian rt ln. V vy, vic s dng GIS v
Geostatistic l cn thit thc hin cc phn tch m hnh khng gian phc tp, c bit
l khi cc m hnh khng gian ny c s dng nh cc bin u vo ca m hnh ton
hc d bo dch hi (Liebhold, Kemp, 2000; Thomson, 2002). Trong khi vic s dng
Geostatistics xc nh m hnh khng gian v mt c lng ti u to ra bn phn
b dch hi v cc yu t lin quan th GIS cung cp mt cng vic khung (framework)
cho m hnh ho cng nh cc chc nng phn tch khng gian v hin th trc quan d
liu u ra.

Mc d mt h thng GIS truyn thng c th gii quyt c mt s vn v m

hnh ho m hnh d bo dch hi. nhng vic chia s thng tin cng nh cc chc nng
x l GIS cho ngi s dng cng nh cc t chc lin quan vn cn nhiu hn ch do
tnh c quyn ca phn mm v d liu GIS. Vi s pht trin ca cng ngh mng,
tng tc, ngi-my tnh, cng ngh client/server to ra c hi i vi vic chia s
d liu v cc chc nng GIS cho mi ngi, phc v c lc cho cng tc qun l v d
bo dch hi.
2. M hnh ho m hnh d bo dch hi vi GIS, Geostatistic v hi quy Loggistic
Vic m hnh ho m hnh khng gian ca dch hi cy trng cn phi c cng c
thng k thch hp. Geostatistics l mt cng c nh vy, v n cung cp thng tin v cu
trc khng gian v cho php to ra bn phn b dch hi vt l v cc yu t lin quan
(R.Zhang, Q. Zhou v D. Gu, 2000) m cc bn ny s l cc bin u vo to ra
bn d bo theo m hnh ton hc c xy dng bng cc m hnh thng k thch
hp, chng hn nh nh m hnh hi quy Loggistic.
2.1. M hnh ho mi trng thch hp cho dch hi - hi quy Logistic
xy dng m hnh hi quy Logistic a bin, chng ti coi cc s liu thu thp
ngoi ng l gi tr ca cc quan st c lp (y i, xi) t tp hp tng th (y, x). Trong
yi bin nh phn [0,1] (m t s hin din hay vng mt ca dch hi) v xi = (xi1,...., xip)T
l vector hip bin (cc yu t lin quan ti dch hi). Chng ti gi s phn phi ca d
liu hin din hay khng hin din ca dch hi l phn phi Bernoulli. Ngha l yi
Bin(ni, ), i = 1,..., N trong n i bit v i tu thuc vo xi. Nh vy, tng quan
tuyn tnh gia yi v xi c dng:

Trong

cn c c lng. iu ny i hi:

c lng chng ti s dng phng php c lng hp l cc i v gii bng

phng php lp Newton Raphson. Bng phng php ny, chng ti xy dng
c mt s m hnh d bo i vi cc loi dch hi chnh trn la m trong , xc sut
xut hin dch hi c biu din nh mt hm s ca cc yu t mi trng nh hng
ln dch hi.
2.2. Xy dng m hnh khng gian ca dch hi v cc yu t mi trng Geostatistics
u tin, chng ti tin hnh tnh ton variogram m t mi lin h gia cc gi
tr d liu ti 2 im. Hm variogram (.) biu din phng sai ca s khc bit gia cc
gi tr Z ti cc v tr khc nhau theo cng thc:
(1)

Trong nd l tng s cc cp im u i v uj cch nhau khong cch d. Theo

Cressie (1993) cng thc (1) c p dng cho cc im cch u trong khng gian. i
vi cc im khng cch u, cc cp im tho mn iu kin:

c th c nhm li v s c lng c thc hin theo tng nhm. Variogram c

nhiu m hnh nh Linear, Spherical, exponential,...Chng c dng nhn bit tnh
cht v t l ca s bin thin khng gian hin hnh v c lng d liu ti cc v tr
khng ly mu bng ni suy Kriging.
i vi m hnh ho, GIS khng cung cp cc ng dng trc tip, hay ni ng
hn l GIS ch cung cp platform v mt tp hp cc chc nng m hnh ho phc v
cho vic xy dng m hnh. Do , cc cng thc m hnh ho tm ra t hi quy logistic
phi c tch hp vo GIS. iu ny cho php chng ti t hp cc bn phn b cc
cng thc ca m hnh to ra bn d bo cho mt loi dch hi. Vic phi hp GIS
v Geostatistic cho php a thnh phn khng gian ca d liu vo cc tc v phn
tch m hnh sinh thi dich hi phc tp c th xy dng cc m hnh d bo dch hi.
Tuy nhin, trong tng lai, c th s c nhng thay i ln trong vic xy dng v thc
thi m hnh v vic tch hp GIS v cng ngh mng, cng ngh phn tn l khuynh
hng ca vic xy dng cc ng dng GIS hin nay.
3. Kin trc v cng ngh WebGIS
Vic tch hp cng ngh GIS v internet to ra c hi mi ngi u c th
s dng d liu v cc chc nng GIS m khng cn ci t bt k mt phn mm GIS
chuyn dng no. Tuy nhin vic m rng nhm ngi s dng GIS gy ra nhiu
thch thc v mt cng ngh. Do , kin trc WebGIS v cc m hnh dch v GIS phn
tn l mt trong cc ch nghin cu quan trng nht hin nay (Smith, 1996).
Trong cc h thng WebGIS, kin trc c chp nhn nhiu nht l kin trc 3 lp
(three-tier) client-server in hnh m trong nhim v x l a l c phn v server
side v client side. Mt client in hnh l mt trnh duyt Web. Server side bao gm mt
Web Server, phn mm WebGIS v c s d liu (Helali 2001).
Mt vi h thng WebGIS c xy dng t vic m rng cc h thng GIS c
quyn. Trong h thng GIS mng ny, ch c phn mm GIS c quyn chy ti server
side, mt giao din client ti client side v mt middleware server side truyn thng
gia client v phn mm GIS c quyn to ra mt dng kin trc, gi l kin trc thin
client. Trong kin trc thin client, cc client ch c giao din ngi dng truyn thng
vi server v hin th kt qu, tt c cc cng vic x l c thc hin trn server. Cc
server thng mnh hn so vi cc client v n qun l ngun ti nguyn tp trung cung
nh tp trung tt c cc chc nng ch yu. C mt s cng ngh c s dng thc
hin vic ni kt GIS vi World Wide Web nh: CGI, API, ASP, JSP v Java Servlet
(Helali, 2001).
Trong kin trc thin client, ngi s dng client side khng cn bt k tri thc
no v s lin kt ca IMS ti server side, nhng nhng nh qun tr h thng hoc
nhng nh pht trin ng dng phi quen thuc vi nhng phng php ny. Kin trc
ny dng trong cc h thng ESRI ArcView IMS, MapObjects IMS, v MapInfo
MapXtreme.

Ni chung, mt trnh duyt mng c th s dng ti liu HTML, v h tr cc nh

dng nh chun nh GIF, JPEG,Tuy nhin, gii quyt nhng nh dng d liu khc
nh d liu vector, video clips, cng nh vic cung cp mt s chc nng x l GIS th
chc nng ca trnh duyt ti client side cn phi c m rng. Gn y, vi s pht
trin ca lp trnh hng i tng, cc thnh phn phn mm c to ra v c th
c gi ti client v chy trn client, chng hn nh Java Applet, ActiveX hay plug-ins.
iu ny to ra kin trc thick client, cho php client thc hin phn ln cc cng vic x
l mt cch cc b. Ngoi vic h tr c nh dng d liu raster v vector, mt s chc
nng GIS cn c th c xy dng trong cc Plug-ins, ActiveX, Java Applet, cung
cp cho client thng qua giao din GUI ti client side (Byong-Lyol 1998). C nhiu cng
ngh c a vo GIS nhm to ra kh nng cung cp thng tin a l trn internet. Mt
s cng ngh ny l:
3.1. Giao din cng chung (Common Gateway Interface-CGI)
CGI l mt phng php chun ni kt ng dng GIS vi HTML trong Web
Server phc v cho vic cung cp thng tin GIS ti client (Xia v Chao, 1995). CGI hot
ng nh mt middleware gia Web server v GIS server. N nhn cc yu cu ca
ngi s dng t HTML v chuyn cc yu cu ny ti ng dng GIS. Khi ng dng
GIS kt thc vic x l, kt qu c chuyn ngc ti CGI, CGI t ng to ra file
HTML c gn bn v gi n ti Web server. Web Server sau gi file HTML ny
ti client. u im ln nht ca CGI l s c lp trnh duyt ca n v cho php cc h
thng GIS c quyn d dng m rng tr thnh GIS Server. Tuy nhin, nhc im
ca phng php ny l bn cung cp cho client ch l cc nh raster tnh cng nh n
khng cung cp bt k mt chc nng GIS no v khng h tr d liu vector (Yaakko et
al, 1999). S bt lc trong vic h tr d liu vector v thiu kh nng cung cp chc
nng GIS mt cch trc tip ti client lm cho CGI kh c th tho mn nhng yu cu
ca vic pht trin WebGIS.
3.2. Cng ngh Plug-ins
Phng php plug-ins c thc hin bng vic ci t cc phn m rng ca
phn mm GIS ti trnh duyt web v trao i thng tin vi trnh duyt trong thi gian
thao tc ca ngi s dng. Plug-ins l mt loi ca giao din chng trnh ng dng
(Application Program Interface-API) cung cp bi tp on Netscape Communiations
m rng chc nng trnh duyt. Chc nng GIS c plug vo mt trnh duyt lm cho
trnh duyt c kh nng c d liu GIS dng vector, v trnh duyt c th x l d liu
a l mt cch cc b. Khc vi phng php CGI, phng php Plug-ins cn c ci
t mt cch cc b. Tnh tng thch vi cc flatform khc nhau, s thay i phin bn
to ra mt vn , v iu ny gy ra s bt tin trong vic cp nht h thng.
3.3. Ti liu thng minh (Intelligent Document)
Intelligent Document l mt dng ti liu thng minh nn, nh dng d liu
vector, c lp (Autodesk, 1997; Interraph, 2000). Ti liu thng minh ny c thit k
c th truyn trn mng v cha ng tt c cc thng tin cn thit nh c tnh bn
chung, thng tin bo mt, c tnh lp bn , d liu bn th v cc c t giao din
ngi dng. Bng vic m rng chc nng cho trnh duyt chun, ti liu bn c th
thng minh theo ngha l n cha cc cng c t x l v cc thng tin lin quan. Hin
nay c mt s dng ho thng minh chng hn nh WebCGM c th p ng c
yu cu i vi dng ho vector 2D trong cc ti liu in t trn WWW (Gebharlt v

Henderson, 1999) cng nh n c th c s dng biu din thng tin GIS bn trong
cc ti liu Web. Trong phng php ti liu thng minh, cc plug-ins l cn thit lm
cho cc trnh duyt chun hiu c cc file thng minh v cung cp s h tr cho cc
chc nng GIS. Nhiu nh cung cp WebGIS c cc gii php plug-ins v WebCGM
ring ca h, chng hn nh Autodesk MapGui c MWF (Map Window File ) v
MapGui Plug-ins (Autodesk, 1997), Intergraph GeoMedia Web Map c MDF (Map
Definition File) v ActiveCGMTM (Intergraph, 2000),...Cc dng ti liu ho thng
minh chun khc chng hn nh SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) th khng cn phi c
plug-ins do trnh duyt mi u hiu c file SVG. Ti liu thng minh c th hiu qu
v mt pht hnh d liu a l, nhng vic h tr cc chc nng GIS vn gii hn.
3.4. Ngn ng lp trnh internet
Ngn ng lp trnh internet thng dng nht l ngn ng Java pht trin bi Sun
Corporation. Java cung cp mt lot cc gii php thay th cc cng ngh c: Ti
client side, n c Java applet. Ti server side, n c Java servlet thay th cho CGI.
Trong s truyn thng client server, n cung cp phng php triu gi phng thc t
xa (RMI), c th c s dng ci t cc tc v my tnh phn tn. K thut lp trnh
internet khc l Microsofts ActiveX, c pht trin da trn iu khin OLE (OCX)
ca Microssoft. ActiveX c th m rng chc nng cho trnh duyt chun bng vic ti
cc thnh phn ActiveX ti client. V d, cc cng c GIS c th c ci t trong cc
thnh phn ActiveX v nhng vo file HTML. Cc cng c GIS ny c th c ti ti
my client khi client truy nhp vo trang web. Trnh duyt c chc nng m rng sau
hin th v x l d liu a l. S khc bit chnh gia phng php ngn ng lp trnh
internet vi cc phng php l phng php lp trnh internet cho php ti chng trnh
ti client v thc thi n client trong thi gian kt ni. Do , vic ci t cc phn mm
chuyn dng client side c b qua. S thay i ln ny c u im l n lm cho
vic trin khai v qun l phin bn phn mm d dng hn. Mt khc, v n chy trn
client nn cc d liu khng gian kch thc ln ch phi truyn ti client khi client cn
d liu mi t server lm gim thi gian p ng v s truyn ti mng. u im quan
trng khc ca phng php ngn ng lp trnh internet l s linh hot v c th thay i
ca cu trc bn trong chng trnh, iu ny rt hu ch cho vic pht trin cc m hnh
GIS phn tn.
4. Pht trin m hnh qun l v d bo dch hi trc tuyn
Hin nay, c rt nhiu cc sn phm WebGIS thng mi dng pht hnh bn
trn web nh: Internet Map Server (IMS) v MapObject ca ESRI, MapInfo
ProServer v MapX ca MapInfo, MapGuide ca Autodesk; GeoMedia Web Map ca
Intergraph; GeoSurf ca GeoStar,....S thit k v thc thi ca cc sn phm ny khng
ging nhau nhng khng khc bit v c s. V mt cng ngh, tt c cc sn phm trn
u chp nhn cng ngh CGI/Serverlet, Plug-ins, CORBA/DCOM, Java Applet,...hoc
s tch hp ca mt vi cng ngh ny. V mt kin trc, c 2 dng kin trc l kin trc
thin client v thick client. Trong kin trc thin client, mi thao tc ca ngi s dng u
phi c tng tc vi server nn to ra qu nhiu tng tc gia client v server. V
vy, m hnh ny ch thch hp vi cc ng dng c s lng ngi dng ln, nhu cu v
cc chc nng GIS khng cao nn m hnh ny rt thch hp trong vic pht hnh thng
tin t m hnh d bo ln Web do vic thc hin m hnh d bo rt phc tp, i hi
ngi thc hin khng nhng phi hiu bit v thnh tho v GIS, Geostatistic, m hnh
ho m cn c kin thc v thng k hc, ton hc,M hnh th 2 l m hnh thick

client, m hnh ny rt thch hp trong vic ph bin thng tin bo v thc vt v i

tng ngi dng thng l cc nh chuyn mn, h c nhu cu truy nhp thng xuyn
v, tnh tng tc cao v phong ph v chc nng GIS. Tuy nhin, trong m hnh thick
client, kh nng my tnh ti client side l mt vn cng nh cn tn ti nhiu l hng
bo mt mng. iu ny c th d dng khc phc bng vic ch cho php client thc thi
mt vi chc nng c bn.
4.1. Thit k kin trc m hnh
pht trin mt h thng WebGIS ng dng trong BVTV s dng mt kin
trc trung gian gia thin client v thick client. i vi vic pht hnh kt qu d bo,
kin trc l thin client, gm c WebServer, phn mm GIS, Java Applet v mt CGI
c vit bng C++. Khi client gi yu cu ti Server, Web server s gi CGI v thc thi
n. CGI nhn cc yu cu ca client v chuyn n ti phn mm GIS. Phn mm GIS s
thc thi m hnh d bo to ra bn , chuyn i bn thnh nh dng nh chun
v chuyn ngc ti CGI. CGI t ng to ra file HTML c gn nh bn v gi n ti
Web Server. Web Server sau gi file HTML ti client. Client hin th bn ny di
dng nh raster trong mt Java Applet (hnh 1). Trong m hnh ny, cc chc nng v tc
v GIS phc tp s c thc hin ti Server Side, Trong khi ch c mt s chc nng
c bn c a vo applet. C ch ny m bo tnh linh hot cho client side. i vi
vic cung cp thng tin bo v thc vt, kin trc l thick client, khi mt client gi yu
cu ti server, mt khi lng d liu khng gian v mt Java Applet s c chuyn ti
client. Client s hin th bn nh dng vector trong Applet chy trn my o Java
(Java Virtual Machine-JVM) ca client v thc thi mt s chc nng khng gian bng
giao din GUI ca applet mt cch cc b (hnh 1). Java Applet ny, ngoi vic hin th
d liu dng vector v cung cp cho client mt s chc nng x k a l c bn nh
Zoom, Pan, Query, Select, Identify, Overlay,n cn c th truy nhp d liu thuc tnh
t server D/B c lp thng qua giao din ca cu ni JDBC-ODBC.
WWW
Browser

Java
Applet

HTTP

Web
Server

Hnh 1: Kin trc H thng qun l v d

bo
dch hi trc tuyn

CGI

GIS
Software

Forecastin
g Model

GIS
DataBase

u im ca cng ngh Java Applet: n gin, linh hot, an ton v d s dng

do Java l mt ngn ng hng i tng, a lung, c lp Platform. V vy, gii php
ny lm gim s truyn ti mng, cung cp cho ngi s dng giao din hin i v cc
chc nng x l a l, khc phc c hin tng tc nghn m cc cng ngh khc nh
Plug-in, Intelligent Document, khng c c. Mt khc, cc Java Applet cn c th
s dng CORBA, RMI ci t cc tc v my tnh phn tn.
4.2. Ci t v thc thi m hnh

 gii quyt s pht hnh kt qu d bo dch hi. Chng ti s dng

Arc/ViewTM trn Windows NT serverTM vi WebServer IIS. Khi yu cu ca client c
gi ti Web Server, Mt CGI c pht trin gi thng ip ti Arc/View phn
mm ny thc hin yu cu v to ra bn theo nh dng JPEG. CGI t ng to ra file
HTML c gn nh bn v gi n ti Web Server, Web Server tr kt qu ti client.
gim ti cho server v cung cp cho client kh nng tng tc vi bn , Tt c cc bn
d bo ca mt k v mt Applet s c gi ti Client. Client s chy Applet ny
hin th v thc hin mt s chc nng nh zoom, pan, drag, cng nh cc chc nng
hin th d liu thuc tnh m khng cn phi tip tc tng tc vi server. S tng tc
tip theo ch din ra khi client cn d liu mi t server (hnh 2).

Hinh 2: Giao din ngi dng hin th kt qu d bo ti client-side

i vi vic cung cp d liu bo v thc vt, cng ngh Java Applet cng c s
dng. Applet ny s dng shape file ca ARC/View i vi vic hin th bn , trong
khi d liu thuc tnh uc truy nhp server D/B bng cu ni JDBC: ODBC. bo
mt v gim ti cho mng, cc shape file c nn gim kch thc v c m ha
nhm tng tnh bo mt trong khi cc file d liu DBF c chuyn ti nh dng mdb
ca MS AccessTM. Trong h thng ny, bt k mt bn no nh dng shape file
cng c th c hin th v c th x l bng mt s chc nng c bn nh zooming,
paning, draging, overaying, o chiu di, din tch, to , bin tp cc i tng bn
(nu c cp quyn),Ngi s dng cng c th la chn v legend, mu sc, nhn
ri hin th theo cc la chn ca mnh. i vi cc trng thuc tnh d liu su bnh,
ngi s dng c th chn v hin th bt k mt bn ghi (record) no v sp xp xc
nh mc quan trng ca d liu bng gii thut Quick Sort. Bn ton hc vi cc
khong c ch nh c th c hin th i vi mt trng thuc tnh d liu dch hi
no , ngi s dng cng c th thc hin mt vi tnh ton n gin bn trong cc

trng, gia cc trng v cc record cng nh c th xc nh c cc vng c bit

trn bn theo gi tr d liu ca trng m h ch nh (hnh 3).

Hinh 3: Giao din truy nhp d liu v x l bn ti client-side

Trong m hnh h thng BVTV trc tuyn, Chng ti s dng c m hnh thin
client pht hnh kt qu t m hnh d bo v m hnh thick client pht hnh d
liu GIS-BVTV. Tuy nhin kin trc ny cn c nhiu khim khuyt v cha phi l gii
php tt nht tn dng ngun ti nguyn mng. Mt kin trc mi s l mt kin trc
phn tn m trong cc thnh phn d liu v cc thnh phn x l a l c th c
phn tn tu trong ton b mng.
5. Mt s kt lun v hng nghin cu tip theo
T kt qu nghin cu ny, chng ti nhn thy rng vic phi hp Geostatisstic,
GIS v cc phng php thng k truyn thng c th xy dng c cc m hnh d bo
dch hi c tin cy cao. Nhng nhn chung, phng php thng k a l hin nay vn
cha c kt hp cht ch vo bn trong cc phn mm GIS v cc phn mm thng k
a l, phn mm GIS vn d s dng. khc phc vn ny, h thng BVTV trc
tuyn giao din Web c chng ti xy dng. Vi h thng ny, tt c mi ngi u
c th s dng d liu v cc ng dng GIS, d liu bo v thc vt vo nhng mc ch
ca mnh. m hnh c th p ng c yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi s dng,
chng ti nhn thy rng, CGI cn phi c thay th bng Java Servlet v cc cng ngh
nh Java applet/servlet, JDBC/ODBC/CORBA cn phi c tch hp. Tuy nhin, h
thng BVTV trc tuyn ny c chng ti xy dng mi ch p ng c yu cu ca
mt dch v cung cp thng tin ch cha p ng c yu cu ca mt dch v x l
thng tin, ngay c phng php tch hp gia cc cng ngh nh CGI/Servlet, Plug-ins,
ti liu thng minh, v ngn ng lp trnh internet,cng ch mi cung cp c cho
client nhng chc nng GIS rt hn ch. M hnh Client/Server hin nay, bao gm c m
hnh thin client v thick client cng vn cha th p ng c yu cu ca dch v x l

a l, m trong , s thao tc gia cc phn ca cc thnh phn GIS l mt vn ct

yu. V vy, mt m hnh WebGIS phn tn v m cn phi c pht trin. Hin nay,
nhng pht trin mi trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin to ra mt s lng ln cc
kin trc i tng phn tn cung cp cng vic khung cho vic xy dng cc ng dng
phn tn. C nhiu phng php cung cp c ch cho vic thao tc gia cc phn trong
cc m hnh phn tn nh kin trc DCOM trn Windows Platform, RMI trn JVM,
Nhng kin trc ny c th c p dng cho GIS ci tin m hnh GIS client/server
cng nh pht trin cc m hnh GIS phn tn. Khi nim tng th v m hnh dch v
GIS phn tn l mt chng trnh client, c hoc khng c trnh duyt mng hoc mt
ng dng c lp no , phi c th tip cn c ngun ti nguyn phn tn trong ton
mng. Client v server trong m hnh phn tn khng quy vo mt my chuyn dng no.
C ngha l: bt k my no, khi n cn ti nguyn t xa trong qu trnh x l, l mt
client, v bt k my no cung cp ti nguyn l mt server v mt client c th ni kt
vi nhiu servers. Mt my c th l client vo mt thi gian v l server vo mt thi
gian khc. Mt m hnh dch v GIS phn tn l tng phi l mt m hnh m d liu
a l v cng c x l a l c th c phn tn bt k ni no trn mng, nhng
chng c th hp tc hon tt mt nhim v chuyn dng. Trong tng lai vic s
dng cng ngh i tng phn tn c th tr gip trong vic xy dng mt kin trc m
i vi h thng BVTV trc tuyn. Trong m hnh nay, h thng GIS BVTV ln hin
nay s c tch thnh nhiu thnh phn c th thao tc ln nhau, cc thnh phn ny
c phn tn tu trong mng v chng s c th x l d liu trong ton b mng.
Mt m hnh d liu bt c u, x l bt c u l hng nghin cu tip theo ca
chng ti trong vic xy dng m hnh qun l v d bo dch hi.

TI LIU THAM KHO

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