General

Obligate intracellular bacteria, gram negative, coccoid/rod shape. Elementary Body (EB) inactive , infective stage, protected, after infect endosomed by cell Reticulate stage once endosomed reticulate body (RB) replicate. Metabolically active.

Chlamydia trachomatis

Highlights - Lack peptidoglycan : not suspectible to lactam drugs (penicillin) - Glycogen in inclusion body: iodine stain - Serotypes: A,B,C : trachoma D-K : cervitis. Urethritis. Conjunctivitis. Pneumonia. L1 L2 L3 : lymphogranuloma venereum. - Asymptomatic : 75% female 50% male Atypical pneumonia

Transmission & Causes Direct contact Sexually transmitted Trough infected secretion. infects : - Mucosal membrane of cervix - Rectum - Urethra - Throat - Conjunctiva - Trachoma : trough eye discharge / flies. -

Incubation period Genital 1-3 weeks Newborn conjunctivitis 1-2 weeks after birth

Risks Pregnant women - miscarriage - premature detachment of placenta. Babies from infected mom - infections on ear, eye, throat, lungs - fatal Men - epididymytis - prostatitis - infertility (attach to sperm) Asymptomatic to severe pneumonia.

Symptoms women - vaginal discharge - dysuria - itching - cervical discharge - bleeding men - burning upon urination - frequency of urination - testicular pain

Chlamydophila psitacci Chlamydophila pneumoniae

- exposure of infected birds - inhalation of infected droppings - risk : poultry workers, petshop owner Inhalation of respiratory secretion

5-14 days

fever

Atypical pneumonia Asstd with Cardiovascular disease

3-4 weeks

-asymptomatic or - mild symptoms - highest among elderly

- fever 1 few days - sputum- scant - cough prominent - wheezing & crackles

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Treatment Doxycyclin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin (babies) Lab Diagnosis Cytology Culture Antigen Detection ELISA PCR & nucleic probe : scrapings stain inclusion with iodine ; appear brownish in colour : MacCoy cells very specific for C.trachomatis BUT time consuming (24hours) stain inclusion body with iodine. : Direct immunofloroscent EB stain bright yellow : detect group specific LPS/strain specific outer membrane protein. : specific & sensitive