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Station Grounding Calculation
Station Grounding Calculation
CONTENTS
1.0
GENERAL ........................................................................................................1
2.0
REFERENCES .................................................................................................1
3.0
CALCULATION................................................................................................1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
General ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Conductor Size Calculation ...................................................................................................... 1
Check of touch voltage and step voltage .................................................................................. 2
Initial Design Parameters ......................................................................................................... 3
Grid Resistance......................................................................................................................... 3
Maximum Grid Current............................................................................................................ 4
Ground Potential Rise............................................................................................................... 4
Calculation of Mesh & Step Voltages ...................................................................................... 4
Verification on suitability of conductor length (L)................................................................... 6
4.0
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................6
Rev. 1
Calculation sheet
1.0
GENERAL
This calculation is prepared to design the station earthing with IEEE Standard 80 to achieve a
low resistance earth path and to ensure safe touch and step voltages for the 240MW Coal Fired
Power Plant.
2.0
REFERENCES
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.0
CALCULATION
3.1
General
The worst fault current energy(MVA base) is occurred at highest voltage system. i.e. 220kV
GIS. Hence, the soil resistivity data and fault currents are applied based on 220kV GIS system.
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
100 m
250 m
3.1.5
3.2
Calculation sheet
Amm2
t c r r 10 4
TCAP
=I
T Ta
ln 1 + m
K 0 + Ta
where
Amm2
I
Tm
Ta
Tr
0
r
r
Amm 2
1 0.00393 1.7241 10 4
3.422
114.7 mm2
= 20
250 31
ln 1 +
234 + 31
Thus, the ground conductor size shall be 120mm2.(IEC coded standard size)
3.3
K=
s 23.91 2094.8
=
= 0.9774
+ s 23.91 + 2094.8
where
s
3.3.1
Calculation sheet
Cs
s
ts
3.3.2
reduction factor for derating the nominal value of surface layer resistivity determined as
above, 0.685
the resistivity of the surface material in -m, 2094.8
duration of shock current in sec., 1.0
Cs
reduction factor for derating the nominal value of surface layer resistivity determined as
above, 0.685
ts
3.4
3.4.1
Spacing
a) Horizontal Spacing: 20 m
b) Vertical Spacing: 20 m
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.5
Grid Resistance
Rg
1
= +
L
1
20 A
1
1 +
1 + h 20
A
where
Rg
= station ground resistance in
Calculation sheet
1
1
1
R g = 23.91
+
1 +
= 0.063[]
4050
20
20
35000
1
0
.
5
+
35000
For most transmission and other large substations, the ground resistance should be about 1
or less. Hence, the value of the grid resistance obtained here (0.063[]) meets usual
requirements. (from IEEE 80, Section 12.1, page 81)
3.6
I G = C p Df I g
Ig = Sf I f
where
IG
= maximum ground grid current in A
Df
= decrement factor; 1.0
Sf
= current division factor relating the magnitude of fault current to that of its portion
flowing between the grounding grid and surrounding earth, 0.5
If
= rms value of symmetrical fault current in A, 40kA
Cp
= correction projection factor, 1.0
3.7
3.8
3.8.1
Calculation sheet
D + 2h )
(
h K
1 D2
8
ln
Km =
+
+ ii ln
2 16hd
8 Dd
4d Kh (2n 1)
K ii =
( 2n)
2
n
= 0.5744
K h = 1 + h h0 = 1.225
h0 = 1m
D = 20
n = n A n B = 9 14
= 11.22
d = 0.0142
Thus, we get
Ks =
11
1
1
1 0.5n 2
+
+
2h D + h D
Calculation sheet
where
D = 20
Thus, we get
Ks =
+
+ (1 0.5
2 0.5 20 + 0.5 20
1
14 2
) = 0.3498
c) Step Voltage, Es
Es = KsKiIG/L=23.91 0.3498 3.064 20000 / 4050 = 126.5 < 1114.7[V] (Estep50)
3.9
L>
K m K i I G t s
4.0
CONCLUSION
Area
Chile
TPP
Grid
Area
35000
[m2]
Conductor
Size
120
mm2
Spacing
2020
[mm]
Note :
1. *Etouch50 : Tolerable Touch potential Voltage
2. *Estep50 : Tolerable Step potential Voltage
3. *Em
: Actual Touch potential Voltage
4. *Es
: Actual Step potential Voltage
TPP: Thermal power plant
Total
Length
4050
[m]
Grid
resistance
0.063
[]
*Etouch50
*Em
365.7[V]
350.9[V]
*Estep50
*Es
1114.7[V]
126.5[V]