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MiT cj klI TP TRmC NGHIHM 1] Ch' 2 ] g5m 82 vE' 1^^ mD dd 95OH 2M thu +AVc dd 8R ThOm dd ch&5 ^ :_ m'2 HC2 vE' dd 8 th` 2AVng k3t tQ5 thu +AVc Fang / #] : b g5m k] ] c g5m C] 11 ] g5m n] ^ ^ g5m 2] MWt dung ddch c ch&5 5 m'2 95HCO : vE F m'2 952CO: khi thOm -5)F. m'2 C5-OH.2 vE' dd trOn th` kh(i 2AVng k3t tQ5 Pe thu +AVc 2E/ #] 2^^-5 ) F. g5m C] 1^^ 5 g5m n] 1^^-5 ) F. g5m 5 k] - ) F.1^^ g5m 2 3] TrWn 1^^mD dd 82C2: 1M vi 2^^mD dd 95OH 2 2_M +AVc dung ddch fR 7g k3t tQ5 h'En t'En 82:) tr'ng dung ddch f dAi dng hidr',it cJn thg tch CO 2 -+ktc. 2E/ #] 1 12 2t k] : :h 2t C] 2 2< 2t n] h ]2 2t 4] ?i1 g[m cc chLt c tnh 2AIng tnh/ #] 822O: Cr-OH.: #HCO: C] 822O: Cr-OH.: 82C2: k] 822O: Cr-OH.2 #HCO: n] 822O: Cr-OH.: 95;82-OH.<. o] TrWn 1^^mD dd 82C2: 1M vi vi :_^mD dd 95OH 1M P5u khi ph%n &ng k3t thUc kh(i 2AVng k3t tQ5 thu +AVc 2E / #] : b g5m k] ] c g5m C] b 1 g5m n] 12 : g5m
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R] Ch' hjn hVp 95 82 vi tk 2B m'2 1/ 1 vE' nAc dAR ThEnh phJn chLt t5n dung ddch thu +AVc P5u 2E/ #] 95;82-OH.<= C] 95OH 95;82-OH.<= k] 95OH n] 82-OH.: 95OH p] Thu(c th +g phCn FiBt F5 chLt rln riOng FiBt/ 82 82O: Mg 2E #] dung ddch 95OH C] dung ddch HC2 k] H2O n] dung ddch CuSO< q] Hjn hVp f g[m h5i kim 2'i 8 !R HK5 t5n h'En t'En ^ <g f vE' dung ddch H2SO< 2'ing thu +AVc ^ ^1m'2 H2 -+ktc.R #h(i 2AVng hjn hVp mu(i Punph5t thu +AVc khi c$ cn dung ddch P5u ph%n &ng 2E #] 1 2cg k] 1 :hg C] ^ ccg n] 1 ]hg r] Sc m D kh CO2 -n +ktc. vE' dung ddch c ch&5 ^ ^< m'2 C5-OH. 2 thu +AVc 1g k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 m 2E / #] 1 _hc D C] ^ 22< D vE 1 _hc D k] ^ 22< D n] ^ 22< D vE ^ <<c D 10] Ch' ph%n &ng dd 95HCO: ) dd C5-OH.2dA 8 ) ! ) H2OR 8 ! 2Jn 2AVt 2E #] C5CO: C5-OH.2 C] C5CO: 952CO: k] C5CO: 95HCO: n] C5CO: 95OH 11] Yht Figu nE' P5u +C1 +Ung / #] ?ung ddch 95HCO: ch' m$i trApng kim 2Em ,5nh giL1 qur tm k] 95HCO: c tnh 2AIng tnh C] Cc c5ti'n kim 2'i kim +g Fd kh Fni cc chLt kh n] 7g phCn FiBt dung ddch 95OH vE dung ddch 952CO: c thg d@ng qur tm 12] SN t' thch nhQ tr'ng h5ng +Wng +AVc gi%i thch Fang ph%n &ng / #] C5-OH.2 ) CO2 C5CO: ) H2O k] C5CO: ) CO2 ) H2O C5-HCO:.2 C] C5-OH.2 ) 2CO2 C5-HCO:.2 n] C5-HCO:.2 t C5CO: ) CO2 ) H2O 13] Ch' dung ddch 95OH dA vE' dung ddch 8 c ch&5 ^ 1m'2 MgC2 2 vE ^ ^_m'2 82C2:R #3t tQ5 FH nhLt c gi trd 2E / #] b ]g k] _ cg C] : bg n] h hg 14] HK5 t5n mWt t phZn chu5 -#82-SO <.2R12H2O. vE' nAc +AVc dd8R ThOm 9H : +3n dA vE' dd 8 P5u khi k3t thUc ph%n &ng thOm ti3p mWt 2AVng dA !5C2 2 thu +AVc k3t tQ5 !R #3t tQ5 ! 2E #] 82-OH.: C] 82-OH.: vE !5SO< k] !5SO< n] -9H<.2SO< 1o] 7g F%' qu%n kim 2'i kim ngApi t5 thApng #] +\1 kn tr'ng 2M k] ngCm kim 2'i kim tr'ng nAc N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ# <
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C] ngCm kim 2'i kim tr'ng dJu h65 kh5n n] ngCm kim 2'i kim tr'ng 5nnc'2 "t12ic kh5n Csp chLt t[n ti tr'ng c@ng mWt 2M 2E/ #] 95HCO: 82-OH.: C] 95;82-OH.<= HC2 k] Cr-OH.: 95OH n] 82C2: 952CO: Thg tch dung ddch #OH 1M t(i thigu +g hLp th h'En t'En ^ : m'2 CO 2 2E / #] #h$ng ,c +dnh +AVc C] ^ :D k] ^ <D n] ^ hD HiBn tAVng nE' P5u +C1 2E +Ung khi ch' t t +3n dA kh CO 2 vE' dd 95;82-OH.<= #] T' k3t tQ5 k"' trlng P5u + k3t tQ5 t5n dJn k] T' k3t tQ5 k"' trlng kh$ng t5n khi dA CO2 C] #h$ng t' k3t tQ5 n] T' k3t tQ5 ,5nh 25m nht HK5 t5n :1 2 g hjn hVp 82 vE 82 2^: tr'ng 95OH dA thu ^ h m'2 khR t 82 2O: tr'ng hjn hVp/ #] h_ :ct k] :< h2t C] cb 2t n] b<Rht 9h6 t t ch' +3n dA dd HC2 vE' dd !5;82-OH<.=2R HiBn tAVng ,%1 r5/ #] C k3t tQ5 k"' trlng vE c khi C] Chu c k3t tQ5 k"' trlngR F51 2OnR n] C k3t tQ5 k"' tr'ng P5u + k3t k] #h$ng c k3t tQ5 c kh F51 2OnR tQ5 t5nR ?i1 g[m cc chLt +u tc dng +AVc vi dung ddch !5-HCO :.2 2E/ #] H9O: 95C2 952SO< #HSO<R k] H9O: 952SO< C5-OH.2 #HSO<R C] 95C2 952SO< C5-OH.2 Mg-9O:.2R n] H9O: C5-OH.2 #HSO< Mg-9O:.2R C thg +iu ch3 kim 2'i 95tri Fang cch/ #] ?@ng H2 +g kh 952OR k] 7iBn phCn dung ddch 95C2 c mEng ngXnR C] 9hiBt phCn 952OR n] 7iBn phCn 95C2 nng ch%1R 7g phCn FiBt c5ti'n 95) vE c5ti'n #) t5 d@ng cch nE' P5u +C1v #] Th trOn ngMn 25 kh$ng mEuR C] ?@ng dung ddch CH:COOHR k] C$ cn dung ddch trOnR n] ?@ng dung ddch 8g9O:R Th"' chiu tXng dJn cQ5 +iBn tch ht nhCn cc kim 2'i kim thw c/ #] Tnh kh gi%m dJnR C] 9Xng 2AVng i'n h' gi%m dJnR k] !n knh ngu1On t gi%m dJnR n] #h% nXng t5n tr'ng nAc gi%m dJnR Tr'ng qu tr`nh +iBn phCn #!r nng ch%1 n 5n't ,01 r5 qu tr`nh/ _

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#] #h #)R C] O,i h' !r*R k] O,i h' #)R n] #h !r*R 9hiBt phCn mWt 2'i qusng c c$ng th&c MgCO :RC5CO: +AVc kh f ch' kh f hLp th h'En t'En vE' dung ddch #OH thu +AVc dung ddch x Fi3t dung ddch x v5 tc dng +AVc vi !5C2 2 v5 tc dng +AVc vi 95OHR Cc chLt t5n c tr'ng dung ddch x g[m/ #] #2CO: #HCO:R C] #HCO: #OHR k] #2CO: C5-HCO.2R n] #2CO: #OHR Yh%n &ng nE' P5u +C1 kh$ng ,%1 r5v #] Mg ) H2SO< MgSO< )H2R C] !" )295OH 952!"O2 ) H2R k] !" )2H2O !"-OH.2 )H2R n] C5 )2H2O C5-OH.2 ) H2R Tr'ng c$ng nghiBp n5tri hi+r',it +AVc P%n ,uLt Fang phA4ng php #] +iBn phCn dung ddch 95C2 kh$ng c mEng ngXn +iBn cNcR k] +iBn phCn dung ddch 959O: kh$ng c mEng ngXn +iBn cNcR C] +iBn phCn dung ddch 95C2 c mEng ngXn +iBn cNcR n] +iBn phCn 95C2 nng ch%1R Ch' di1 cc chLt/ #OH C5-9O:.2 SO: 95HSO< 952SO: #2SO<R S( chLt tr'ng di1 t' thEnh k3t tQ5 khi ph%n &ng vi dung ddch !5C22 2E #] <R k] hR C] :R n] 2R H'E t5n m g5m hjn hVp g[m 82 y" vE' dung ddch H 2SO< 2'ing -dA.R S5u khi cc ph%n &ng ,%1 r5 h'En t'En thu +AVc dung ddch fR Ch' dung ddch !5-OH. 2 -dA. vE' dung ddch f thu +AVc k3t tQ5 xR 9ung x tr'ng kh$ng kh +3n kh(i 2AVng kh$ng +wi thu +AVc chLt rln Z 2E #] hjn hVp g[m 822O: vE y"2O:R C] hjn hVp g[m !5SO< vE y"OR k] hjn hVp g[m !5SO< vE y"2O:R n] y"2O:R S5u khi +un nng +3n ngng ph%n &ng mWt c(c nAc c ch&5/ ^ : m'2 95 ) ^ 2 m'2 C52) ^ 1 m'2 Mg2) ^ h m'2 HCO : ^ 1 m'2 C2 vE ^ 1 m'2 SO 2 th` Pe < thu +AVc/ #] 9Ac c&ng vznh cuR C] 9Ac mmR k] 9Ac c&ng tm thpiR n] 9Ac ngu1On chLtR 9h6 t t ^ 2_ 2t dung ddch 95OH 1 ^<M vE' dung ddch g[m ^ ^2< m'2 y"C2 :{ ^ ^1h m'2 822-SO<.: vE ^ ^< m'2 H2SO< thu +AVc m g5m k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 2 _hcR k] 1 _h^R C] < 12cR n] _ ^h<R H'E t5n h'En t'En m g5m hjn hVp f g[m 95 2O vE 822O: vE' H2O thu +AVc 2^^ m2 dung ddch x chu ch&5 chLt t5n du1 nhLt c n[ng +W ^ _MR Thwi kh CO 2 -dA. vE' x thu +AVc 5 g5m k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 m vE 5 2Jn 2AVt 2E #] c : vE ] 2R C] 1: : vE : bR k] 11 : vE ] cR n] c 2 vE ] cR h

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34] H'E t5n < g5m nAc thu +AVc <.2R12H2O vE' #] ] cR h'En t'En <] k] <h hRphZn chu5 #82-SO C] _< <R n] h2 2R dung ddch fR Ch' t'En FW f tc dng vi 2^^ m2 dung ddch !5-OH. 1M P5u 2 3o] HLp th h'En t'En 2 hcc 2t kh CO2 -n +ktc. vE' 2 _ 2t dung ddch !5-OH. 2 ph%n &ng thu +AVc m g5m k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 m 2E n[ng +W 5 m'2>2 thu +AVc 1_ ]h g5m k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 5 2E #] ^ ^<cR k] ^ ^:2R C] ^ ^<R n] ^ ^h 3R] Ch' 1 h] g5m hjn hVp g[m h5i kim 2'i n 2 chu kr 2iOn ti3p thuWc nhm ||8 -phCn nhm chnh nhm ||. tc dng h3t vi dung ddch HC2 -dA. th't r5 ^ h]2 2t kh H2 -n +ktc.R H5i kim 2'i + 2E -ch' !" } b Mg } 2< C5 } <^ Sr } c] !5 } 1:]. #] !" vE MgR C] Sr vE !5R k] Mg vE C5R n] C5 vE SrR 3p] TrWn 1^^ m2 dung ddch -g[m !5-OH. 2 ^ 1M vE 95OH ^ 1M. vi <^^ m2 dung ddch -g[m H2SO< ^ ^:]_M vE HC2 ^ ^12_M. thu +AVc dung ddch fR oi trd pH cQ5 dung ddch f 2E #] ]R k] 2R C] 1R n] hR 3q] 9hiBt phCn h'En t'En <^ g5m mWt 2'i qusng +$2$mit c 2~n tp chLt tr4 Pinh r5 c bh 2t kh CO2 -n +ktc.R ThEnh phJn phJn trXm v kh(i 2AVng cQ5 C5CO:RMgCO: tr'ng 2'i qusng nOu trOn 2E #] <^tR k] _^tR C] c<tR n] b2tR 3r] HLp th h'En t'En < <c 2t kh CO 2 -n +ktc. vE' _^^ m2 dung ddch hjn hVp g[m 95OH ^ 1M vE !5-OH.2 ^ 2M Pinh r5 m g5m k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 1b ]^R k] 1] ]:R C] b c_R n] 11 c2R 40] 7iBn phCn nng ch%1 h'En t'En 1< b g5m mu(i c2'ru5 cQ5 kim 2'i h' trd | thu +AVc 2 2< 2t kh n 5n$t -+ktc.R #im 2'i + 2E #] 95R k] DiR C] CPR n] #R CHUNG pS CRUM * cmT * ^sNG 41] CLu h`nh "2"ctr'n ngu1On t cQ5 ngu1On t( y" -Z } 2h. 2E #] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph<P2<ph C] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph:dh<P2R k] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph<P2:dhR n] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph:dcR 42] Yh%n &ng nE' >&'%0 +Ung #] y" ) CuC22 y"C22 ) Cu C] Cu ) 2y"C2: CuC22 ) 2y"C22 k] y" ) 2y"C2: :y"C22 n] y" ) C22 y"C22R 43] #h h'En t'En 1h g5m FWt ',it Plt ngu1On chLt Fang CO n nhiBt +W c5'R S5u khi ph%n &ng k3t thUc kh(i 2AVng chLt rln gi%m < ctR O,it Plt +i d@ng 2E -Ch' y" } _h O } 1h C } 12. #] y"2O k] y"2O: C] y"O n] y":O< 44] Ch' 1 h g5m FWt y"2O: tc dng vi 5,it HC2 -dA.R #h(i 2AVng mu(i tr'ng dung ddch P5u ph%n &ng 2E -Ch' y" } _h O } 1h C2 } :_ _.
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#] c : g5mR k] b < g5mR C] 1h g5mR n] 11 g5mR Ch' 2 c g5m y" vE ] 2 g5m Mg tc dng vi dung ddch H9O : 1M thu +AVc kh 9O -du1 nhLt.R Thg tch dung ddch H9O : th5m gi5 ph%n &ng 2E -Ch' y" } _h Mg } 2<. #] 1 2 2tR k] 1 2tR C] 1 ]_ 2tR n] 2 2tR CLu h`nh "2"ctr'n cQ5 ngu1On t Cr -Z } 2<. 2E #] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph<P1:d_R C] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph:d_<P1R k] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph:d<<P2R n] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph<P2:d<R CLu h`nh "2"ctr'n cQ5 ngu1On t Cu -Z } 2b. 2E #] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph:d1^<P1R C] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph:db<P2R k] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph<P1:d1^R n] 1P22P22ph:P2:ph<P2:dbR 9hUng mWt th5nh Zn vE' dung ddch CuSO < P5u mWt thpi gi5n 2L1 th5nh Zn r5 Pch c0n th\n Fang nAc cLt PL1 kh$ vE +"m cCn thL1 #] kh(i 2AVng th5nh Zn kh$ng +wiR k] kh(i 2AVng th5nh Zn gi%m +iR C] kh(i 2AVng th5nh Zn tXng 2OnR n] kh(i 2AVng th5nh Zn tXng gLp 2 2Jn F5n +JuR K&'%0 thg +iu ch3 Cu t CuSO< Fang cch #] +iBn phCn nng ch%1 mu(iR k] +iBn phCn dung ddch mu(iR C] d@ng y" kh i'n Cu2) r5 kh6i dung ddch mu(iR n] ch' tc dng vi 95OH dA P5u + 2L1 k3t tQ5 Cu-OH. 2 +"m nhiBt phCn r[i kh CuO t' r5 Fang COR ?ung ddch y"SO< vE dung ddch CuSO< +u tc dng +AVc vi #] 8gR k] y"R C] CuR n] ZnR ChLt c tnh ',i h' nhAng >&'%0 c tnh kh 2E #] y"R k] y"2O:R C] y"OR n] y"C22R HVp chLt Plt -||. Pun5t c c$ng th&c 2E #] y"-OH.:R k] y"SO<R C] y"2O:R n] y"2-SO<.:R #3t tQ5 y"-OH.2 Pinh r5 khi ch' dung ddch y"C22 tc dng vi dung ddch #] HC2R k] 95C2R C] 95OHR n] #9O:R ChLt ph%n &ng vi dung ddch 95OH t' k3t tQ5 2E #] y"C2:R k] !5C22R C] #2SO<R n] #9O:R S%n ph0m t' thEnh c chLt k3t tQ5 khi dung ddch y" 2-SO<.: tc dng vi dung ddch #] 95OHR k] 95C2R C] 952SO<R n] CuSO<R +X +Y Ch' P4 +[ chu1gn h'/ y" y"C2: y"-OH.: -mji mi tOn &ng vi mWt ph%n &ng.R H5i chLt f x 2Jn 2AVt 2E #] 95C2 Cu-OH.2R k] HC2 95OHR b

N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

RR]

Rp]

Rq]

Rr] p0]

p1] p2]

p3] p4]

po]

pR]

pp]

pq] pr]

C] HC2 82-OH.:R n] C22 95OHR 7g h'E t5n h'En t'En hjn hVp g[m h5i kim 2'i Zn vE Cu t5 c thg d@ng mWt 2AVng dA dung ddch #] HC2R k] 82C2:R C] 8g9O:R n] CuSO<R H'E t5n h'En t'En m g5m y" tr'ng dung ddch HC2 dA P5u khi ph%n &ng k3t thUc thu +AVc < <c 2t kh H2 -+ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E -Ch' y" } _h. #] 2 c g5mR k] 1 < g5mR C] _ h g5mR n] 11 2 g5mR 9ung 21 < g5m y"-OH.: n nhiBt +W c5' +3n kh(i 2AVng kh$ng +wi thu +AVc m g5m mWt ',itR oi trd cQ5 m 2E -Ch' H } 1 O } 1h y" } _h. #] 1h g5mR k] 1< g5mR C] c g5mR n] 12 g5mR ChLt chu c tnh kh 2E #] y"C2:R k] y"-OH.:R C] y"2O:R n] y"R 7[ng -Cu. tc dng +AVc vi dung ddch #] H2SO< 2'ingR C] H2SO< +sc nngR k] y"SO<R n] HC2R MWt kim 2'i ph%n &ng vi dung ddch CuSO< t' r5 CuR #im 2'i + 2E #] 95R k] 8gR C] CuR n] y"R Ch' Plt ph%n &ng vi dung ddch H9O: +sc nng thu +AVc mWt chLt kh mEu nCu +6R ChLt kh + 2E #] 92OR k] 9O2R C] 92R n] 9H:R YhCn hQ1 y"-OH.: n nhiBt +W c5' +3n kh(i 2AVng kh$ng +wi thu +AVc chLt rln 2E #] y"OR k] y"2O:R C] y"-OH.2R n] y":O<R 9hUng mWt th5nh Cu vE' 2^^m2 dung ddch 8g9O :1M khi ph%n &ng ,%1 r5 h'En t'En t'En FW 8g t' r5 +u Fm vE' th5nh Cu kh(i 2AVng th5nh Cu Pe #] gi%m h < g5mR C] tXng < < g5mR k] tXng 1_ 2 g5mR n] tXng 21 h g5mR Ch' 1^ g5m hjn hVp g[m y" vE Cu tc dng vi dung ddch H 2SO< 2'ing -dA.R S5u ph%n &ng thu +AVc 2 2< 2t kh hi+r' -n +ktc. dung ddch f vE m g5m chLt rln kh$ng t5nR oi trd cQ5 m 2E -Ch' H } 1 y" } _h Cu } h<. #] : < g5mR k] < < g5mR C] _ h g5mR n] h < g5mR ?X1 g[m h5i chLt chu c tnh ',i h' 2E #] y"-9O:.2 y"C2:R C] y"2O: y"2-SO<.:R k] y"-OH.2 y"OR n] y"O y"2O:R #h(i 2uVng #2Cr2O] cJn d@ng +g ',i h' h3t ^ h m'2 y"SO < tr'ng dung ddch c H2SO< 2'ing 2Em m$i trApng 2E -Ch' O } 1h # } :b Cr } _2. #] 2b < g5m k] 2b h g5m C] _b 2 g5mR n] 2< b g5mR O,it 2AIng tnh 2E #] MgOR k] C5OR C] Cr2O:R n] CrOR mEng 2E kim 2'i qU1 hi3m tu1 nhiOn vEng Fd h'E t5n tr'ng dung ddch 1^

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q0]

q1] q2] q3] q4]

qo]

qR]

qp] qq] qr]

r0]

r1] r2] r3] r4]

#] 95OHR C] H9O: +sc nngR k] 95C9R n] H2SO< +sc nngR 9h6 t t dung ddch H2SO< 2'ing vE' dung ddch # 2CrO< th mEu cQ5 dung ddch chu1gn t #] mEu vEng P5ng mEu d5 c5mR C] kh$ng mEu P5ng mEu vEngR k] kh$ng mEu P5ng mEu d5 c5mR n] mEu d5 c5m P5ng mEu vEngR HVp chLt Plt -||. Pun5t c c$ng th&c 2E #] y"-OH.:R k] y"SO<R C] y"2O:R n] y"2-SO<.:R #3t tQ5 y"-OH.2 Pinh r5 khi ch' dung ddch y"C22 tc dng vi dung ddch #] HC2R k] 95OHR C] 95C2R n] #9O:R Tr'ng dung ddch CuSO< i'n Cu2) kh$ng Fd kh Fni kim 2'i #] y"R k] MgR C] ZnR n] 8gR 7g ph%n &ng h'En t'En vi 1^^ m2 dung ddch CuSO< 1M cJn v5 +Q m g5m y"R oi trdcQ5 m 2E #] 2 cR k] _ hR C] 11 2R n] c <R S%n ph0m t' thEnh c chLt k3t tQ5 khi dung ddch y" 2-SO<.: tc dng vi dung ddch #] 95OHR k] 952SO<R C] 95C2R n] CuSO<R H'E t5n h < g5m Cu Fang 5,it H2SO< +sc nng -dA. Pinh r5 m 2t kh SO 2 -P%n ph0m kh du1 nhLt n +ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 2 2<R k] : :hR C] h ]2R n] < <cR HVp chLt Plt -||. Pun5t c c$ng th&c 2E #] y"2-SO<.:R k] y"SO<R C] y"-OH.:R n] y"2O:R #im 2'i ph%n &ng +AVc vi dung ddch H2SO< 2'ing 2E #] 8uR k] 8gR C] 82R n] CuR 7g tinh ch3 8g t hjn hVp FWt g[m Zn vE 8g ngApi t5 ngCm hjn hVp trOn vE' mWt 2AVng dA dung ddch #] 8g9O:R k] 959O:R C] Zn-9O:.2R n] Mg-9O:.2R H'E t5n _ h g5m y" Fang dung ddch H9O : 2'ing -dA. Pinh r5 m 2t kh 9O -P%n ph0m kh du1 nhLt n +ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] : :hR k] h ]2R C] < <cR n] 2 2<R ?ung ddch 2Em qur tm chu1gn P5ng mEu ,5nh 2E #] 95C2R k] 952SO<R C] 959O:R n] 95OHR #im 2'i y" ph%n &ng +AVc vi dung ddch #] CuSO<R k] 822-SO<.:R C] MgSO<R n] ZnSO<R ChLt c tnh ',i h' nhAng kh$ng c tnh kh 2E #] y"2O:R k] y"OR C] y"C22R n] y"R H5i kim 2'i +u ph%n &ng +AVc vi dung ddch Cu-9O :.2 gi%i phng kim 2'i Cu 2E 11

N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

#] y" vE 8gR k] 82 vE 8gR C] 82 vE y"R n] y" vE 8uR ro] 9ung 21 < g5m y"-OH.: n nhiBt +W c5' +3n kh(i 2AVng kh$ng +wi thu +AVc m g5m mWt ',itR oi trd cQ5 m 2E -Ch' H } 1 O } 1h y" } _h. #] 1< ^R k] 1h ^R C] 12 ^R n] c ^R rR] H5i dung ddch +u ph%n &ng +AVc vi kim 2'i y" 2E #] CuSO< vE ZnC22R C] ZnC22 vE y"C2:R k] CuSO< vE HC2R n] HC2 vE 82C2:R rp] Tr'ng +iu kiBn thch hVp 5,it 'mic -HCOOH. ph%n &ng +AVc vi #] HC2R k] CuR C] C2H_OHR n] 95C2R rq] Csp chLt kh$ng ,%1 r5 ph%n &ng 2E #] k] y" ) Cu-9O:.2 n] Zn ) y"-9O:.2R C] Cu ) 8g9O:R t] 8g ) Cu-9O:.2R rr] 7g phCn FiBt 2 kh CO2 vE SO2 t5 d@ng #] qur tmR C] dung ddch C5-OH.2 k] dung ddch nAc Fr'mR n] dung ddch !5C22R 100] 7g phCn FiBt dung ddch Cr2-SO<.: vE dung ddch y"C22 ngApi t5 d@ng 2AVng dA dung ddch #] 95OHR k] 959O:R C] #9O:R n] #2SO<R CHQNG q$ r S PHN kIHT MiT cj CHuT _ CQIHJ# HC _l _uN ^W PHT TRIvN KINH TY$ wx HiI$ MI TRNG #] CU HI TRmC NGHIHM 101] 7g nh\n r5 i'n SO<2* tr'ng dung ddch hjn hVp c 2~n cc i'n CO :2* YO<:* SO:2* vE HYO<2* nOn d@ng thu(c th 2E dung ddch nE' dAi +C1v #] !5C22 tr'ng 5,it 2'ing dA C] !5 -OH.2 k] H2SO< +sc dA n] C5-9O:.2 102] 93u chu d@ng mWt thu(c th +g phCn FiBt cc dung ddch +Nng tr'ng cc F`nh riOng mLt nhin / 9H<C2 -9H<. 2SO< 959O: y"C22 y"C2: vE 82-9O:. : th` nOn d@ng dung ddch 2E / #] 95OH k] 8g9O: C] !5-OH.2 n] 9H: 103] Chu d@ng qur tm -vE cc m~u th +i nh\n Fi3t +AVc. th` nh\n r5 F5' nhiOu dung ddch tr'ng P( _ dung ddch mLt nhin / 95HSO < #HCO: Mg-HCO:. 2 952SO< !5-HCO:.2 #] 2 k] : C] < n] _ 104] Chu c qur tm vE cc dung ddch HC2 !5-OH. 2 c thg nh\n Fi3t +AVc F5' nhiOu i'n tr'ng dung ddch ch&5 95) 9H<) HCO:* CO:2* SO<2* / #] 2 k] : C] < n] _
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

12

10o]#]7gy" nh\n Fi3t : 5,itk] +scy" nguWi SO< 82 H9O: t5 +Nng riOng FiBt tr'ng : n] 8g 2O: / HC2 H 2C] 2M +Nng mLt nhin t5 d@ng thu(c th nE' / 10R] C thg phCn FiBt : dung ddch / #OH HC2 H 2SO< 2'ing Fang mWt thu(c th 2E / #] qur tm k] Zn C] 82 n] !5CO: 10p] 7g phCn FiBt trNc ti3p cc dung ddch 95 2S 952SO: 952CO: 959O: vE 8g9O: chu Fang mWt thu(c th th` thu(c th nOn chMn 2E / #] HC2 k] H9O: C] !5-OH.2 n] 95C2 10q] 93u chu d@ng mWt thu(c th phCn FiBt cc mu(i rln / 95C2 95 2CO: !5CO: vE !5SO< th` nOn d@ng / #] 9Ac ngu1On chLt C] ?ung ddch 8g9O: k] ?ung ddch H2SO< n] ?ung ddch !5C22 10r] 7g phCn FiBt kh SO2 vE H2S th` nOn P dng thu(c th nE' dAi +C1 / #] ?ung ddch #MnO< C] ?ung ddch CuC22 k] ?ung ddch !r2 n] ?ung ddch 95OH 110] Ch' < dung ddch kh$ng mEu +Nng tr'ng < 2M riOng FiBt mLt nhin / 95C2 MgC22 82C2: y"C22R #im 2'i +g phCn FiBt < dung ddch trOn -kh$ng d@ng thu(c th nE' khc. 2E / #] 95 k] 82 C] y" n] 8g 111] C < kim 2'i / Mg !5 Zn y"R 7g nh\n Fi3t cc kim 2'i + chu cJn d@ng thOm mWt chLt 2E / #] ?ung ddch 95OH C] ?ung ddch HC2 k] ?ung ddch C5-OH.2 n] ?ung ddch H2SO< 2'ing 112] Tr'ng mWt dung ddch c ch&5 +[ng thpi cc c5ti'n / # ) 8g) y"2) !52) C52) Cu2) vE chu ch&5 mWt 2'i 5ni'nR 8ni'n + 2E #] C2* k] 9O:* C] SO<2* n] YO<:* 113] Ch' cc chLt / C5CO: y"2O: 822O: SiO2R C thg d@ng dung ddch cQ5 chLt nE' P5u +C1 +g phCn FiBt cc chLt +/ #] HC2 k] 95OH C] 952CO: n] H2SO< 114] 7g kh tr@ng nAc Pinh h't ngApi t5 h51 d@ng nAc c2' Pn dz nhA v\1 2E d' #] c2' 2E chLt ',i h5 mnh k] c ch&5 5,it hip'c2'r4 2E chLt ',i h5 mnh C] c ch&5 ',i ngu1On t 2E tc nhCn ',i h5 mnh n] c2' 2E chLt kh t5n +AVc tr'ng nAc 11o] Tr'ng tN nhiOn c rLt nhiu ngu[n Pinh r5 kh H 2S nhAng kh$ng c PN tch t H2S tr'ng kh$ng khR 9gu1On nhCn d' #] H2S n thg kh k] H2S d Fd ',i h5 tr'ng kh$ng kh C] #h H2S d Fd phCn hQ1 tr'ng kh$ng kh n] H2S d Fd kh tr'ng kh$ng kh
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

1:

11R] D d' nE' P5u +C1 2Em ch' nAc 'G'n c thg F%' qu%n h'5 qu% tA4i 2Cu h4n #] 'G'n 2E mWt kh +Wc C] 'G'n c tnh ',i h5 mnh k] 'G'n d t5n tr'ng nAc n] 'G'n c tnh t01 mEu 11p] #h gC1 nOn hiBn tAVng mA5 5,it 2E #] CO2 k] C22 C] SO2 n] H2S 11q] #h nE' tr'ng cc kh dAi +C1 2E ngu1On nhCn chnh gC1 hiBu &ng nhE knh #] CO2 k] CyC C] 9O n] C22 11r] HiBn n51 CyC Fd hn ch3 P%n ,uLt vE P dng trOn t'En th3 gii v` kh nE1 2E ngu1On nhCn gC1 r5 hiBn tAVng #] thQng tJng 'G'n C] mA5 5,t k] hiBu &ng nhE knh n] ,Cm thNc +Lt hey -&i -%I2012d 120] Tr'ng phCn t chLt nE' P5u +C1 c ch&5 vKng F"nG"nv #] M"t125minR C] Yr'p125minR k] t125minR n] Yh"n125minR 121] Ch' t t dung ddch 95OH +3n dA vE' dung ddch 82C2: thL1 ,uLt hiBn #] k3t tQ5 mEu nCu +6R k] k3t tQ5 k"' trlng P5u + k3t tQ5 kh$ng t5nR C] k3t tQ5 mEu ,5nhR n] k3t tQ5 k"' trlng P5u + k3t tQ5 t5n dJnR 122] Tr'ng F%ng tuJn h'En cc ngu1On t( h5 hMc ngu1On t( y" -Z } 2h. thuWc nhm #] m|!R k] m|||!R C] ||8R n] |8R 123] ?i1 g[m cc kim 2'i +AVc ,3p th"' chiu tnh kh tXng dJn 2E/ #] Cu Zn MgR C] Cu Mg ZnR k] Mg Cu ZnR n] Zn Mg CuR 124] Y'2im" +AVc twng hVp Fang ph%n &ng tr@ng ngAng 2E #] p'2i-"t12"n*t"r"pht525t.R C] p'2i"ti2"nR k] p'2i-vin12 c2'ru5.R n] p'2i5cri2'nitrinR 12o] ?ung ddch chLt nE' P5u +C1 ph%n &ng vi C5CO: gi%i phng kh CO2v #] ChH_9H2R C] CH:COOHR k] CH:9H2R n] C2H_OHR 12R] Ch' di1 cc kim 2'i/ 95 C5 Cr y"R S( kim 2'i tr'ng di1 tc dng vi H2O t' thEnh dung ddch F5G4 2E #] 1R k] 2R C] :R n] <R 12p] Pt" f c c$ng th&c phCn t C2H<O2R 7un nng b ^ g5m f tr'ng dung ddch 95OH v5 +Q +3n khi ph%n &ng ,%1 r5 h'En t'En thu +AVc m g5m mu(iR oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 1^ 2R k] 1_ ^R
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

1<

C] 12 :R n] c 2R 12q] 9hiBt phCn h'En t'En _^ ^ g5m C5CO: thu +AVc m 2t kh CO2 -+ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 11 2R C] :: hR k] _ hR n] 22 <R 12r] Ch' 1^ ^ g5m hjn hVp f g[m y" vE Cu ph%n &ng vi dung ddch HC2 2'ing -dA. +3n khi ph%n &ng ,%1 r5 h'En t'En thu +AVc : :h 2t kh H2 -+ktc.R #h(i 2AVng cQ5 Cu tr'ng 1^ ^ g5m hjn hVp f 2E #] _ h g5mR C] 1 h g5mR k] 2 c g5mR n] c < g5mR 130] ChLt f c c$ng th&c cLu t' CH2 } CH COOCH:R TOn gMi cQ5 f 2E #] pr'p12 'm5tR C] m"t12 5,"t5tR k] "t12 5,"t5tR n] m"t12 5cr125tR 131] Ch' : ]_ g5m 5min' 5,it f tc dng v5 h3t vi dung ddch 95OH thu +AVc < c_ g5m mu(iR C$ng th&c cQ5 f 2E #] H29 CH2 COOHR k] H29 CH2 CH2 COOHR C] H29 CH-CH:. COOHR n] H29 CH2 CH2 CH2 COOHR 132] ?ung ddch nE' P5u +C1 ph%n &ng +AVc vi dung ddch C5C22v C] 95C2R #] 959O:R n] 952CO:R k] HC2R 133] Ch' _ < g5m 82 tc dng h3t vi kh C22 -dA. thu +AVc m g5m mu(iR oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 2_ ^R C] 1b hR k] 12 _R n] 2h ]R 134] nhiBt +W thApng dung ddch y"C22 tc dng +AVc vi kim 2'i #] ZnR k] 8uR C] CuR n] 8gR 13o] #im 2'i ph%n &ng vi dung ddch H2SO< 2'ing 2E #] MgR k] 8gR C] CuR n] 8uR 13R] ?i1 g[m cc chLt +u >&'%0 th5m gi5 ph%n &ng trng Fc 2E/ #] 5,it 'mic 5n+"hit 'mic g2uc'G4R k] ruct'G4 tinh FWt 5n+"hit 'micR C] P5cc5r'G4 tinh FWt ,"n2u2'G4R n] 5n+"hit 5,"tic ruct'G4 ,"n2u2'G4R 13p] Ch' di1 cc chLt/ 82 82-OH.: 822O: 82C2:R S( chLt 2AIng tnh tr'ng di1 2E #] <R k] 2R C] 1R n] :R 13q] ChLt f tc dng vi dung ddch HC2R #hi chLt f tc dng vi dung ddch C5-OH.2 Pinh r5 k3t tQ5R ChLt f 2E #] C5-HCO:.2R k] !5C22R
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

1_

C] C5CO:R n] 82C2:R 13r] 7un nng dung ddch ch&5 1c ^ g5m g2uc'G4 vi 2AVng dA dung ddch 8g9O: tr'ng 9H: +3n khi ph%n &ng ,%1 r5 h'En t'En thu +AVc m g5m 8gR oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 1^ cR k] :2 <R C] 1h 2R n] 21 hR 140] #im 2'i nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 t5n tr'ng dung ddch H9O: +sc nguWiv #] CuR k] 82R C] ZnR n] MgR 141] Ch' di1 cc chLt/ y"O y" Cr-OH.: Cr2O:R S( chLt tr'ng di1 ph%n &ng +AVc vi dung ddch HC2 2E #] :R k] 2R C] <R n] 1R 142] #im 2'i nE' P5u +C1 2E kim 2'i kimv #] 82R k] CrR C] y"R n] #R 143] Tr'ng phCn t chLt nE' P5u +C1 c ch&5 ngu1On t( nit4v #] t12 5,"t5tR C] M"t125minR k] S5cc5r'G4R n] o2uc'G4R 144] 7un P$i hjn hVp g[m 5nc'2 "t12ic vE 5,it 5,"tic -c 5,it H2SO< +sc 2Em ,Uc tc. Pe ,%1 r5 ph%n &ng #] tr@ng ngAngR C] ,E phKng h5R k] "Pt" h5R n] tr@ng hVpR 14o] 9hiBt phCn h'En t'En y"-OH.: n nhiBt +W c5' thu +AVc chLt rln 2E #] y"OR C] y"2O:R k] y"R n] y":O<R 14R] #hi +un nng chLt f c c$ng th&c phCn t C:HhO2 vi dung ddch 95OH thu +AVc CH:COO95R C$ng th&c cLu t' cQ5 f 2E #] CH:COOC2H_R C] CH:COOCH:R k] HCOOC2H_R n] C2H_COOHR 14p] ThEnh phJn chnh cQ5 qusng F',it 2E #] y"CO:R C] 822O:R2H2OR k] y":O<R n] y"S2R 14q] ?i1 g[m cc chLt +u tc dng vi dung ddch 95OH 2E/ #] m"t12 5,"t5t g2uc'G4 "t5n'2R k] m"t12 5,"t5t 525nin 5,it 5,"ticR C] "t5n'2 ruct'G4 m"t125minR n] g2i,"r'2 g21,in 5ni2inR 14r] H5i kim 2'i thApng +AVc +iu ch3 Fang cch +iBn phCn mu(i c2'ru5 nng ch%1 2E/ #] Zn CuR C] Cu MgR k] Mg 95R n] Zn 95R 1o0] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 tc dng vi dung ddch 95OH Pinh r5 g2i,"r'2v #] Tri'2"inR k] M"t12 5,"t5tR
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

1h

C] o2uc'G4R n] S5cc5r'G4R 1o1] Tr'ng m$i trApng kim trip"ptit tc dng vi Cu-OH.2 ch' hVp chLt mEu #] +6R C] ,5nhR k] vEngR n] tmR #] T&y! (&C8%0 -)K%& C&Mz% (8 cu, t cu 33 n cu 40) 1o2] +iu kiBn thch hVp h5i chLt ph%n &ng vi nh5u t' thEnh m"t12 'm5t 2E #] HCOOH vE 95OHR k] HCOOH vE CH:OHR C] HCOOH vE C2H_9H2R n] CH:COO95 vE CH:OHR 1o3] +iu kiBn thApng kim 2'i c +W c&ng 2n nhLt 2E #] y"R k] 82R C] CrR n] #R 1o4] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 th5m gi5 ph%n &ng tr@ng hVpv #] CH2 } CH2R C] CH: CH:R k] CH2 } CH CH } CH2R n] CH2 } CH C2R 1oo] Tr'ng cc hVp chLt ngu1On t( nh$m c P( ',i h5 2E #] )2R k] ):R C] )<R n] )1R 1oR] Yh%n &ng nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 t' r5 mu(i Plt-|||.v #] y"2O: tc dng vi dung ddch HC2R k] y"O tc dng vi dung ddch H9O: 2'ing -dA.R C] y"-OH.: tc dng vi dung ddch H2SO<R n] y" tc dng vi dung ddch HC2R 1op] Ch' di1 cc chLt/ 822O: #OH 82-OH.: C5OR S( chLt tr'ng di1 tc dng vi H2O 2E #] <R k] 1R C] :R n] 2R 1oq] 9hUng giL1 qur tm vE' dung ddch m"t125min mEu qur tm chu1gn thEnh #] ,5nhR C] +6R k] vEngR n] nCu +6R 1or] o(c g2uc'G4 vE g(c ruct'G4 tr'ng phCn t P5cc5r'G4 2iOn k3t vi nh5u qu5 ngu1On t #] hi+r'R C] nit4R k] c5cF'nR n] ',iR k] T&y! (&C8%0 -)K%& N1%0 (:! (8 cu, t cu 41 n cu 48) 1R0] Yht Figu nE' P5u +C1 +Ungv #] ChLt FH' 2E tri"Pt" cQ5 g2i,"r'2 vi 5,it FH'R k] C5cF'hi+r5t 2E nhTng hVp chLt hTu c4 +4n ch&cR C] o2uc'G4 2E +[ng phCn cQ5 P5cc5r'G4R n] fE phKng 2E hjn hVp mu(i n5tri h'sc k52i cQ5 5,it 5,"ticR 1R1] Th3 +iBn cNc chu0n cQ5 csp ',i h5 kh nE' P5u +C1 c gi trd dA4ngv 2) :) #] Mg >MgR C] 82 >82R ) 2) k] 95 >95R n] Cu >CuR N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ# 1]

1R2] 9gu1On t( nE' P5u +C1 2E kim 2'i chu1gn ti3pv #] 95R k] 82R C] CrR n] C5R 1R3] 8min t[n ti n trng thi 26ng tr'ng +iu kiBn thApng 2E #] 5ni2inR C] "t125minR k] m"t125minR n] +im"t125min t] R 1R4] HK5 t5n h'En t'En 1< <^ g5m kim 2'i M -h5 trd ||. tr'ng dung ddch H2SO< 2'ing -dA. thu +AVc 1: << 2t kh H2 -+ktc.R #im 2'i M 2E #] C5R k] MgR C] !5R n] !"R 1Ro] Y'2im" nE' P5u +C1 thuWc 2'i p'2im" Fn twng hVpv #] Y'2i"ti2"nR C] T4 viPc'R k] Tinh FWtR n] T4 tamR 1RR] 7un nng "Pt" CH:COOChH_ -ph"n12 5,"t5t. vi 2AVng dA dung ddch 95OH thu +AVc cc P%n ph0m hTu c4 2E #] CH:COOH vE ChH_OHR k] CH:COOH vE ChH_O95R C] CH:OH vE ChH_O95R n] CH:COO95 vE ChH_O95R 1Rp] ?ung ddch nE' P5u +C1 d@ng +g phCn FiBt dung ddch #C2 vi dung ddch #2SO<v #] HC2R k] !5C22R C] 95OHR n] 95C2R nt THI TUT NGHItP 2013 1Rq] 9Ac c ch&5 nhiu cc i'n nE' P5u +C1 +AVc gMi 2E nAc c&ngv 2) 2) 2) :) #] C5 Mg R C] Zn 82 R 2) 2) ) ) k] Cu y" R n] # 95 R 1Rr] !ang phA4ng php h5 hMc thu(c th d@ng +g phCn FiBt F5 dung ddch/ m"t125min 5ni2in 5,it 5,"tic 2E #] ph"n'2pht52"inR C] n5tri hi+r',itR k] qur tmR n] n5tri c2'ru5R 1p0] ChLt f c c$ng th&c cLu t' thu gMn HCOOCH:R TOn gMi cQ5 f 2E #] m"t12 'm5tR C] "t12 5,"t5tR k] m"t12 5,"t5tR n] "t12 'm5tR 1p1] HLp th h'En t'En m 2t kh CO2 -+ktc. vE' dung ddch C5-OH.2 dA thu +AVc 1^ g5m k3t tQ5R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 2 2<R k] < <cR C] : :hR n] 1 12R
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

1c

1p2] S( nhm 5min' -9H2. c tr'ng mWt phCn t 5,it 5min'5,"tic 2E #] 2R k] :R C] 1R n] <R 1p3] HK5 t5n h'En t'En _ h g5m y" tr'ng dung ddch H9O: 2'ing -dA. thu +AVc dung ddch c ch&5 m g5m mu(i vE kh 9O -P%n ph0m kh du1 nhLt.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 2< 2R k] 1c ^R C] <2 2R n] 21 1R 1p4] Ch' di1 cc kim 2'i/ 95 !5 82 # MgR S( kim 2'i tr'ng di1 ph%n &ng vi 2AVng dA dung ddch y"C2: thu +AVc k3t tQ5 2E #] :R k] _R C] 2R n] <R 1po] DOn m"n <_ g5m g2uc'G4 +g +iu ch3 5nc'2 "t12ic hiBu PuLt ph%n &ng c^t thu +AVc m 2t kh CO2 -+ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 11 2^R k] _ h^R n] < <cR C] c bhR 1pR] f"n2u2'G4 c cLu t' mch kh$ng phCn nhnh mji g(c ChH1^O_ c : nhm OH nOn c thg vi3t 2E #] ;ChH_O2-OH.:=nR C] ;ChH]O2-OH.:=nR k] ;ChHcO2-OH.:=nR n] ;ChH]O:-OH.2=nR 1pp] #im 2'i nE' P5u +C1 kh +AVc i'n y" tr'ng dung ddchv #] y"R k] MgR C] 8gR n] CuR 1pq] Ch' di1 cc chLt/ g2uc'G4 P5cc5r'G4 ,"n2u2'G4 tinh FWtR S( chLt tr'ng di1 >&'%0 th5m gi5 ph%n &ng thQ1 phCn 2E #] 1R k] : C] <R n] 2R 1pr] Ch' t t ti dA dung ddch chLt f vE' dung ddch 82C2: thu +AVc k3t tQ5 k"' trlngR ChLt f 2E #] 95OHR k] #OHR C] HC2R n] 9H:R 1q0] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 ph%n &ng vi dung ddch 95OHv #] 822O:R C] 95C2R n] 82-OH.:R k] y"C2: R 1q1] Tr'ng F%ng tuJn h'En cc ngu1On t( h5 hMc ngu1On t( thuWc nhm |||8 chu k` : 2E #] MgR k] 82R C] 95R n] y"R 1q2] 9h\n ,Ht nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 +Ungv #] Cc kim 2'i kim +u mm vE nhR k] Cc kim 2'i kim +u c nhiBt +W nng ch%1 rLt c5'R C] Cc kim 2'i kim +u c tnh kh mnhR n] Cc ngu1On t kim 2'i kim +u c cLu h`nh "2"ctr'n 2p ng'Ei c@ng 2E 1 nP R
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#
2)

1b

1q3] Ch' di1 cc chLt/ H29CH2COOH C2H_9H2 CH:9H2 CH:COOHR S( chLt tr'ng di1 ph%n &ng vi HC2 tr'ng dung ddch 2E #] 1 k] 2R C] :R n] <R 1q4] Ch' di1 cc kim 2'i/ 95 # Mg !"R S( kim 2'i tr'ng di1 ph%n &ng mnh vi H2O n +iu kiBn thApng 2E #] :R k] <R C] 2R n] 1R 1qo] Tr'ng thEnh phJn cQ5 g5ng ngu1On t( chi3m hEm 2AVng c5' nhLt 2E #] y"R k] SiR C] MnR n] SR 1qR] 7(t ch1 h'En t'En ^ 1_ m'2 mWt "Pt" f thu +AVc 1^ ^c 2t kh CO2 -+ktc. vE c 1 g5m H2OR C$ng th&c phCn t cQ5 f 2E #] C:HhO2R C] C_H1^O2R k] C<HcO2R n] C2H<O2R 1qp] Ch' m g5m hjn hVp f g[m Cu vE y" vE' dung ddch H2SO< 2'ing -dA. k3t thUc ph%n &ng thu +AVc 2 2< 2t kh H2 -+ktc.R #h(i 2AVng cQ5 y" tr'ng m g5m f 2E #] 1h c g5mR C] 11 2 g5mR k] _ h g5mR n] 2 c g5mR 1qq] C$ng th&c h5 hMc cQ5 k52i +icr'm5t 2E #] #C2R C] #2Cr2O]R k] #9O:R n] #2CrO<R 1qr] +iu kiBn thApng kim 2'i y" ph%n &ng +AVc vi dung ddch nE' P5u +C1v #] MgC22R C] 95C2R n] y"C2:R k] ZnC22R 1r0] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 c kh% nXng th5m gi5 ph%n &ng tr@ng hVpv #] CH: CH2 CH:R C] CH: CH2 OHR k] CH2 } CH C9R n] CH: CH:R 1r1] Ch' di1 cc kim 2'i/ Cu 82 y" 8uR #im 2'i d~n +iBn t(t nhLt tr'ng di1 2E #] 82R k] y"R C] CuR n] 8uR 1r2] Tr'ng m$i trApng kim pr't"in c ph%n &ng mEu Fiur" vi #] Mg-OH.2R C] 95C2R n] Cu-OH.2R k] #C2R 1r3] #hi +un nng c5' Pu thiOn nhiOn ti 2_^ C :^^ C thu +AVc #] iP'pr"nR C] vin12 ,i5nu5R k] vin12 c2'ru5R n] m"t12 5cr125tR 1r4] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 thuWc 2'i 5min F\c h5iv #] CH:9H2R C] ChH_9H2R k] C2H_9H2R n] CH:9HCH:R 1ro] Tr'ng c$ng nghiBp kim 2'i kim vE kim 2'i kim thw +AVc +iu ch3 Fang phA4ng php #] +iBn phCn dung ddchR k] +iBn phCn nng ch%1R
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#
' '

2^

C] thQ1 2u1BnR n] nhiBt 2u1BnR 1rR] HK5 t5n h'En t'En ] c g5m hjn hVp g[m 82 vE Mg tr'ng dung ddch HC2 dA thu +AVc c bh 2t kh H2 -+ktc. vE dung ddch ch&5 m g5m mu(iR oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] 22 ^R C] :h 2R k] 2c <R n] 22 <R 1rp] +iu kiBn thch hVp h5i chLt nE' P5u +C1 ph%n &ng vi nh5u t' thEnh m"t12 5,"t5tv #] CH:COOH vE CH:OHR C] HCOOH vE C2H_OHR k] HCOOH vE CH:OHR n] CH:COOH vE C2H_OHR 1rq] 7g tch 2L1 8g r5 kh6i hjn hVp g[m y" Cu 8g t5 d@ng 2AVng dA dung ddch #] HC2R C] 95OHR k] H9O:R n] y"2-SO<.:R 1rr] f 2E mWt kim 2'i nh mEu trlng Fc +AVc &ng dng rWng rii tr'ng +pi P(ngR f 2E #] y"R k] 8gR C] CuR n] 82R T&y! (&C8%0 -)K%& C&Mz% (8 cu, t cu 33 n cu 40) 200] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 ph%n &ng vi dung ddch 95OH t' thEnh HCOO95 vE C2H_OHv #] HCOOCH:R C] CH:COOCH:R k] CH:COOC2H_R n] HCOOC2H_R 201] Ch' di1 cc kim 2'i/ 8g Cu 82 MgR #im 2'i tr'ng di1 c tnh kh 13u nhLt 2E #] CuR k] 8gR C] 82R n] MgR 202] ?i1 c5ti'n kim 2'i +AVc ,3p th"' chiu tXng dJn tnh ',i h' t tri P5ng ph%i 2E/ 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) #] Cu Mg y" R C] Mg Cu y" R 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) k] Mg y" Cu R n] Cu y" Mg R 203] Ch' cc hVp kim/ y"Cu{ y"C{ Zny"{ Mgy" ti3p ,Uc vi kh$ng kh 0mR S( hVp kim tr'ng + y" Fd Xn mKn +iBn h5 2E #] :R k] 1R C] <R n] 2R 204] 7(t ch1 h'En t'En m g5m C2H_9H2 thu +AVc P%n ph0m g[m H2O CO2 vE 1 12 2t kh 92 -+ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] b ^R k] < _R C] 1: _R n] 1c ^R 20o] MWt m~u kh th%i c$ng nghiBp c nhim cc kh H2S CO CO2R 7g nh\n Fi3t PN c mst cQ5 H2S tr'ng m~u kh th%i + t5 d@ng dung ddch #] #C2R C] YF-CH:COO.2R k] 95C2R n] 959O:R 20R] Tu kh(i h4i cQ5 mWt "Pt" n' +4n ch&c f P' vi hi+r' 2E :^R C$ng th&c phCn t cQ5 f 2E #] C2H<O2R k] C:HhO2R
N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

21

C] C_H1^O2R n] C<HcO2R 20p] T4 nE' P5u +C1 thuWc 2'i t4 nhCn t'v #] T4 c5pr'nR C] T4 tamR k] T4 nitr'nR n] T4 viPc'R k] T&y! (&C8%0 -)K%& N1%0 (:! (8 cu, t cu 41 n cu 48) 20q] 7iBn phCn <^^ m2 dung ddch CuSO< ^ _M -+iBn cNc tr4. ch' +3n khi n c5t't thu +AVc h < g5m kim 2'i th` thg tch kh -+ktc. thu +AVc n 5n't 2E #] 2 2< k] 1 12 C] ^ _h n] < <c 2tR 2tR 2tR 2tR 20r] Tr'ng +iu kiBn thApng chLt nE' P5u +C1 n trng thi khv #] t5n'2R C] 8ni2inR k] o21,inR n] M"t125minR 210] Ch' cc pht Figu P5u/ -5. #im 2'i Plt c tnh nhim tR -F. Tr'ng tN nhiOn cr'm chu t[n ti n dng +4n chLtR -c. y"-OH. : 2E chLt rln mEu nCu +6R -d. CrO: 2E mWt ',it 5,itR S( pht Figu +Ung 2E #] <R k] 2R C] :R n] 1R 211] 9h\n ,Ht nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 +Ungv #] Y'2i-m"t12 m"t5cr125t. +AVc d@ng 2Em thQ1 tinh hTu c4R k] Cc "Pt" thApng nh h4n nAc vE t t5n tr'ng nAcR C] M"t12 'm5t c nhiBt +W P$i thLp h4n 5,it 5,"ticR n] M"t12 5,"t5t 2E +[ng phCn cQ5 5,it 5,"ticR 212] Tr'ng phKng th nghiBm +g , 2 P4 FW mWt P( chLt th%i n dng dung ddch 2) :) ch&5 i'n y" vE Cu t5 d@ng 2AVng dA #] dung ddch mu(i XnR C] nAc v$i tr'ngR k] 5nc'2 "t12icR n] giLm XnR 213] T4 nE' P5u +C1 c ngu[n g(c t thiOn nhiOnv #] T4 nitr'nR C] T4 vini2'nR k] T4 tamR n] T4 25pP5nR 214] ChLt nE' P5u +C1 >&'%0 c tnh 2AIng tnhv #] 952CO:R C] 822O:R k] 95HCO:R n] 82-OH.:R 21o] 7(t ch1 h'En t'En 1: 2 g5m "t12 5,"t5t thu +AVc m 2t kh CO2 -+ktc.R oi trd cQ5 m 2E #] : :hR k] c bhR C] < <cR n] : <<R

N THI TT NGHIHPIMN HJ#

22