SATUAN ( UNIT)

SURFACE FACILITIES
1 L (liter) = 1000 cm
3
1 m
3
= 1000 L (liter)
1 in
3
= 16.387 cm
3
1 U.S gal = 4 qt
1 ft
3
= 28.317 L (liter ) 1 U.S gal = 3.7854 L (liter)
1 ft
3
= 0.028317 m
3
1 U.S gal = 3785.4 cm
3

1 ft
3
= 7.481 U.S gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S gal
1 m
3
= 264.17 U.S gal
UNITS VOLUME
Volume & Density
Commonly used in Europe
Volume
Mass
= Density
stock tank at gravity specific : 131.5 -
141.5
API
o
o
o

=
o
API of water = 10
o
API of Heavy oil 20
o
API of Extra heavy Oil 10
1 g mol ideal gas at 0
o
C, 760 mm Hg = 22.4140 liters = 22 414 cm
3

1 lb mol ideal gas at 0
o
C, 760 mm Hg = 359.05 ft
3

1 kg mol ideal gas at 0
o
C, 760 mm Hg = 22.414 m
3

Density of dry air at 0
o
C, 760 mm Hg = 1.2929 g/liter = 0.080711
lb
m
/ft
3

Molecular weight of air = 28.97 lb
m
/ lb mol
1 g/cm
3
= 62.43 lb
m
/ ft
3
= 1000 kg / m
3
= 350 lbm / bbl
1 g / cm
3
= 8.345 lb
m
/ U.S . gal
1 lb
m
/ ft
3
= 16.0185 kg / m
3


Volume & Density
Commonly used in Europe
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (1)
Customary Units Metric Units
Mscf , cuft (ft
3
) Std m
3
(Sm
3
) , m
3

ft
2
m
2

Lbm/cuft Kg/m
3

Btu/lbm-
o
F kJ/kg.K
Btu/lbm kJ/kg
ft m
Length -Basic
-Secondary
Meter (m)
cm , km
foot (ft)
inch (in) , mile
Area -Basic
-Secondary
m
2

cm
2
, hectares (ha)
ft
2

in
2
, acres
Volume -Basic
-Secondary
m
3

cm
3
, liters (L)
ft
3

US gallons (US gal),
in
3
, UK gas, bbl
Mass -Basic
-Secondary
kg, kmol
grams (g)
pounds (lb), lb-moles
Lb/US gal , lb/UK gal
Density -Basic
-Secondary
kg/m
3
g/cm
3

Lb/ft
3

Time -Basic
-Secondary
second (s)
min (m), day (d),
year (a)
Second (sec)
Min, day, yr
Metric English
BASIC DIMENSION
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (2)
Customary Units Metric Units
Btu/ft
2
-D-
o
F kJ/m
2
.d.K
Mscf/D Std m
3
/d
B/D m
3
/d
lbm kg
Lbm/cuft Kg/m
3

psi kPa
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (3)
Customary Units Metric Units
Btu (British Thermal Unit) kJ
Btu/D kJ/d ; W
kW kW
o
F
o
C

o
R K

Ft/D m/d
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (4)
Customary Units Metric Units
scf Std m
3

mile/hr Km/h
ft
2
/D m
2
/d
cp Pa.s
cSt m/s
2
dyne/cm mN/m
Length
Length
1 in = 2.540 cm
100 cm = 1 m (meter)
1 micron = 10
-6
m = 10
-4
cm = 10
-3
mm = 1 m
(micrometer)
1 A (angstrom) = 10
-10
m = 10
-4
m
1 mile = 5280 ft
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
CONVERSION UNIT length
1 in = 2.540 cm
1 m (meter) = 100 cm
1 micron = 10
-6
m = 10
-4
cm = 10
-3
mm = 1 m
1 A (angstrom) = 10
-10
m = 10
-4
m
1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.61 km
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
1 ft = 0.305 m = 12 in = 30.5 cm
CONVERSION UNIT Volume
1 m
3
= 35.32 ft
2
= 6.29 bbl = 1000 L

1 L = 0.001 m
3
= 1000 cm
3
= 0.035 ft
3

1 bbl (API) = 0.159 m
3
= 159 L = 5.61 ft
3

1 ft
3
= 0.0283 m
3
= 28.3 L
CONVERSION UNIT Density
1 g/cm
3
= 62.43 lbm/cuft = 1000 kg/m
3

1 g/cm
3
= 8.345 lbm/USgal
1 g/cm
3
= 350 lbm/bbl
1 lbm/cuft = 16.0185 kg/m
3

CONVERSION UNIT Pressure
1 bar = 14.50 psi = 0.987 atm = 1.02 kg/cm
2

1 bar = 100 000 N/m
2
= 100 kPa
1 psi = 6.86 kPa
Unit Pressure
1 bar = 1 x 10
5
Pa (pascal) = 1 x 10
5
N/m
2

1 psia = 1 lb
f
/ in
2

1 psia = 2.0360 in Hg at 0
o
C
1 psia = 2.311 ft H
2
O at 70
o
F
1 psia = 51.715 mmHg at 0
o
C (
Hg
= 13.5955 g / cm
3
)
1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 10
5
N / m
2
= 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0
o
C = 1.01325 x 10
5
Pa
1 atm = 29.921 in Hg at 0
o
C
1 atm = 33.90 ft H
2
O at 4
o
C
1 psia = 6.89476 x 10
4
g / cm . s
2

CONVERSION UNIT Mass
1 lbm = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg
1 lbm = 16 oz = 7000 grains
1 grain = 64.79891 mg
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm
1 ton (short) = 2000 lbm
1 ton(long) = 2240 lbm
1 ton(metric) = 1000 kg
Viscosity

1 cp = 10
-2
g / cm. s (poise)

1 cp = 2.4191 lb
m
/ ft. H

1 cp = 6.7197 x 10
-4
lb
m
/ft. s

1 cp = 10
-3
Pa.s = 10
-3
kg / m. s = 10
-3
N. s / m
2

1 cp = 2.0886 x 10
-5
lb
f
. s / ft
2


1 Pa.s = 1 N. s / m
2
= 1 kg / m. s = 1000 cp
Viscosity
1 cp = 10
-2
g / cm. s (poise)
1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. h
1 cp = 6.7197 x 10
-4
lbm /ft. s
Unit Power
1 hp = 0.74570 kw
1 hp = 550 ft . Lb
f
/ s
1 hp = 0.7068 btu / s
1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal /min
1 btu / h = 0.29307 W (watt)
1 J / s (joule/s) = 1 W
Unit, Standard
ft , lb, s, lbf :
Length = ft
Area = ft
2
Viscosity = lbm /ft. s
Pressure = lbf / ft
2

Time = s
Flow rate = ft
3
/ s


s / ft

) ft ( A
) s / ft ( Q


(luas) A
(rate) Q
) v ( Velocity
2
3
=
=
=
Work (W) = Q ( P
1
- P
2
)
= Q (P)
= Q (ft
3
/s) x P (lbf / ft
2
)
= ft.lbf/s x (hp /550 ft.lbf/s)
Work (hp) = (1/550) Q (P)
P = pressure loss (lbf/ft
2
)
Q = oil flow rate (ft
3
/s)
1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s
Unit Heat, Energy and Work
1 J = 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2 / s2
1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp.h = 0.7457 kW.h
1 hp.h = 2544.5 btu
1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h
1 ft.lbf = 1.35582 J
kW.h = 0.060 US$
= 600 Rupiah
Assumption 1 US$ = Rp 10.000
OIL FLOW IN PIPES
W = Q ( P
1
- P
2
) = Q (P)
P = pressure loss (psi)
Q = oil flow rate (bbl/D)
P
1
P
2

Q
PIPE
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
What is power required to
flow (Horse Power) oil in
pipes above.
Flow Rate
Pressure
GAS FLOW IN PIPES
W = Q ( P
1
- P
2
) = Q (P)
P = pressure loss (psi)
Q = Gas flow rate (MMSCF/D)
P
1
P
2

Q
PIPE
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h

Cuft/D
BTU/D
$/D
hp
P
P
Hp ~ Q x P
( P )
GAS FLOW IN PIPES
W = Q ( P
1
- P
2
) = Q (P)
P
1
P
2

Q
PIPE
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
) /ft (lb p /s) q(ft 550 W(hp)
hp/550 s / ft.lb
ft
lb
p
s
ft
q W
2
f
3
f
2
f
3
A =
= =
(

A
(

=
START WITH BASIC UNITS
Gas Flow in Pipes
(

=
Scf
ft

V
V
B
3
Standard
cond pipe
g
Q = Gas flow rate, MMSCF/D
D = Inside Pipe diameter, in
P
1
P
2

Q
g

PIPE
Pipe
conditions
P and T
Cuft = ft
3

Standard
Conditions
14.7 psi &
60
o
F
SCF
Given :
What is gas velocity in pipes
? ( ft/s)
: B
g

bbl/scf) (res
p
T z
0.00502 B
(cuft/scf)
p
T z
0.0282 B
g
g
=
=
( ) P Q B 1667 P 144 Q B
86400
10
550
1
HP
P(psi) 144
ft
in 144
x
in
lb
P
ft
lb
p
Q B
86400
10

scf
cuft
B x
MMscf
scf 10
x
s 86400
D
x
D
MMscf
Q
s
ft
q
550 / ) /ft (lb p /s) q(ft W(hp)
550 / ) / ft.lb hp/(550 s / ft.lb
ft
lb
p
s
ft
q W
g g g g
6
2
2
2
f
2
f
g g
6
g
6
g
3
2
f
3
f f
2
f
3
A = A
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
A =
(

A =
(

A
=
(

=
(

A =
= =
(

A
(

= hp s x
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
Gas velocity in pipes
(Assignment # 1, 11 - 9 2013)
P
1
P
2

Q
Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D
D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)
PIPE
A
D
Q
A
Q
V
g
g
=
Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D
D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)
A
D
Q
A
Q
V
g
g
=
If pressure and temperature in the pipe are equal to 600 psia and
120 F, respectively, and SG gas = 0.6. Determine velocity of gas
in the pipe ( ft/sec )
1) Derives equation no (1) below :

d
Q 20
N 1)
g g
Re

=
d ( in ) inside pipe diameter , (cp) ,
o
(lbm/cuft) , v (velocity) ,
f (friction factor, dimensionless) , Hp (horse power) , Q
g
(Mscf / D)
P ( psi) , v = q / A ( q = flow rate), Nre = Reynold Number.
Assignment #1, 11-09-2012
Due 11 09 - 2013
P Q Constant Hp ) 2
g
A =
2) Find constant of equation no 2 below :