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B GIO DC V O TO I HC NNG

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Cng trnh c hon thnh ti I HC NNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS. TS. L Vn Sn PHM THANH HNG Phn bin 1: TS. Hunh Cng Php

NG DNG SEMANTIC WEB PHT TRIN H THNG T VN VIC LM

Phn bin 2: PGS.TS. on Vn Ban Chuyn ngnh: KHOA HC MY TNH M s: 60.48.01 Lun vn c bo v trc Hi ng chm Lun vn tt nghip thc s k thut hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 15 thng 10 nm 2011 TM TT LUN VN THC S K THUT

C th tm hiu lun vn ti: - Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng Nng - Nm 2011 - Trung tm Hc liu, i hc Nng.

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M U L do chn ti Web 2.0 t c nhng thnh tu rt ng k trong vic nng cao tnh tng tc cng nh y nhanh tc x l p ng yu cu ca ngi dng. Tuy nhin trong x hi thng tin ng i nhu cu ca ngi dng khng dng li vic ci thin tc m cn phi ci thin cht lng x l ca trang web theo yu cu ngy cng nng cao. Web 3.0 (Web Semantic) ra i nhm p ng nhng yu cu v cht lng . Vi c im chnh l nng cao kh nng chia s ti nguyn v tng s hiu bit trong qu trnh x l d liu ca my tnh. Web Semantic i su vo phn tch v nh hng d liu, ng thi h tr pht trin ng dng Web Semantic trn nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Mt trong nhng lnh vc th mnh ca Web Semantic l x l v tm kim thng tin. Vic phn tch v nh hng ni dung lu tr cho php chng ta xy dng nhng c s d liu phc v tm kim chnh xc hn, tinh gn hn. Nc ta ang trn pht trin hi nhp vi th gii, nn kinh t th trng nhiu thnh phn m ra nhiu c hi vic lm cho tt c mi ngi. Hng ngn c hi vic lm ch n chng ta mi ngy. Nhng lm sao nhng thng tin c th n vi ngi lao ng mt cch nhanh nht v chnh xc nht, ngi i tm vic khng phi mt cng vi mt ng bi nhi cc cng vic phi la chn. l iu trn tr ca ngi i tm vic lm cng nh i vi cc cng ty tuyn dng. Bn cnh , hin nay vn vic lm l mt vn nht nhi vi nhiu nc trn th gii. Nn tht nghip lm nh hng khng nh n qu trnh pht trin ca mt quc gia. nc ta hng nm

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c hng trm ngn sinh vin ra trng nhng ch s t trong kim c vic lm ph hp cn li l tht nghip hoc lm nhng cng vic khng ph hp vi trnh v nng lc ca bn thn. Vi nhng vn nu trn ti xut xy dng ti ng dng cng ngh semantic web pht trin h thng t vn vic lm. Mc tiu v nhim v nguyn cu Nghin cu cng ngh Semantic web, tm hiu hng pht trin mt ng dng s dng cng ngh Semantic web. T , pht trin ng dng t vn vic lm. Phm vi v i tng nghin cu i tng nghin cu i tng nghin cu gm: Web ng ngha, phng php xy dng v lu tr d liu trong Web ng ngha, cc cng c dng xy dng Web ng ngha, cc cng c dng thc hin trin khai h thng thnh chng trnh nh Visual Studio, cc ngn ng lp trnh, cc gi th vin m rng v hnh thc t vn vic lm. Phm vi nghin cu Xy dng tp t vng Ontology v t vn vic lm Xy dng ng dng t vn vic lm trn c s tp t vng to Phng php nghin cu Phng php nghin cu l thuyt Nghin cu ti liu, cng c v cng ngh lin quan. Tng hp cc ti liu, d liu. Tm hiu cc hnh thc t vn vic lm t cc trung tm hoc t cc h thng t vn qua mng hin c.

Phng php kho st

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Tm hiu cc vn lin quan cc thng tin cn thit trong qu trnh t vn. Phng php nghin cu thc nghim Phn tch h thng, xy dng ng dng. ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti Tip cn cng ngh mi, pht trin ng dng mu lm bc m thm nhp xu hn vo cng ngh ny. V mt thc tin: To ng dng mu da vo c th pht trin mt ng dng hon thin gp phn ci thin vn vic lm nc ta hin nay B cc lun vn Lun vn c chia lm 3 chng Chng 1 trnh by ni dung nghin cu tng quan v web ng ngha, thc hin nghin cu cc l thuyt lin quan n cng ngh xy dng mt web ng ngha, c bit khi nim v RDF, Ontology. Ontology ng mt vai tr quan trng do y l phng tin gip cung cp ng ngha cho cc trang web. Chng 2 chng ti gii thiu mt s cng c h tr xy dng web ng ngha v gii thiu v mi trng, ngn ng pht trin ng dng. Chng 3 xut gii php, gii thiu qu trnh pht trin, ci t ng dng v a ra mt s kt qu thc hin ca ng dng. ngha 1.1 1.1.1

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Chng 1 TNG QUAN V SEMANTIC WEB Trong chng ny, ti dnh gii thiu nhng kt qu nghin cu tng quan v web ng ngha, cc vn lin quan n web ng Web ng ngha (Semantic Web SW) Gii thiu Web ng ngha l s m rng ca Web hin ti m trong thng tin c nh ngha r rng sao cho con ngi v my tnh c th cng lm vic vi nhau mt cch hiu qu hn. Mc tiu ca Web c ng ngha l pht trin cc chun chung v cng ngh cho php my tnh c th hiu c nhiu hn thng tin trn Web, sao cho chng c th h tr tt hn vic khm ph thng tin, tch hp d liu (d liu lin kt ng), v t ng ha cc cng vic. 1.1.2 Web ng ngha l g? Web ng ngha c pht trin bi Tim- Berners Lee, cha ca WWW, URIs, HTTP v HTML. Theo ng, Web ng ngha l s m rng ca Web hin ti, cho php ngi dng c th truy tm, phi hp, s dng li v trch lc thng tin mt cch d dng v chnh xc . (Tim- Berners Lee, XML-2000). 1.1.2.1 Ni dung xy dng Web ng ngha xy dng h thng Web ng ngha thay th cho World Wide Web hin ti, cc nh nghin cu ang n lc v tp trung nghin cu vi ba hng chnh sau: Chun ho cc ngn ng biu din d liu (XML) v siu d liu (RDF) trn Web. Chun ho cc ngn ng biu din Ontology cho Web c ng ngha.

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Pht trin nng cao Web c ng ngha (Semantic Web Advanced Development - SWAD). 1.1.2.2 Kin trc phn tng ca Semantic Web Tng Ontology

Ontology Vocabulary B t vng ontology c xy dng trn c s tng RDF v RDFS, cung cp biu din ng ngha mm do cho ti nguyn web v c kh nng h tr lp lun.

Tng Logic
Vic biu din cc ti nguyn di dng cc b t vng ontology c mc ch l my c th lp lun c. M c s lp lun ch yu da vo logic. Tng Proof Tng ny a ra cc lut suy lun. C th t cc thng tin c ta c th suy ra cc thng tin mi.

Tng Trust
Hnh 1.1 Kin trc phn tng ca web ng ngha nm 2006 Trong cu trc trn mi tng c mt vai tr nht nh: Tng URI, UNICODE Unicode: l mt bng m chun chung c cc k t thng nht s giao tip trn tt c cc quc gia. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier):l k hiu nhn dng Web n gin. Tng XML XML (eXtensible Markup Language) l ngn ng nh du m rng, cho php ngi dng c th ty thm vo nhng th theo yu cu ca mnh. Tng RDF RDF (Resource Description Framework): Khung m t ti nguyn - RDF c W3C gii thiu cung cp mt c php chun to, thay i v s dng cc ch thch trong Web ng ngha. m bo tnh tin cy ca cc ng dng trn Web ng ngha. 1.2 1.2.1 RDF Nn tng ca Semantic Web Gii thiu v RDF RDF l mt thnh phn quan trng ca Semantic Web, c t trn XML, RDF s dng c php ca XML biu din thng tin. Ngn ng XML dng biu din thng tin trong RDF c gi l RDF/XML. Thng qua nh dng ny, cc thng tin trong RDF c th c trao i d dng gia cc h thng my tnh cng nh cc h iu hnh hay cc ngn ng lp trnh ng dng khc nhau. 1.2.2 RDF l g? RDF (Resource Description Framework) l mt b khung c s dng m t cc ngun ti nguyn trn Internet 1.2.3 M hnh RDF M hnh c bn ca RDF gm ba i tng sau: Ti nguyn (Resources): l tt c nhng g c m t bng biu thc RDF.

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Thuc tnh (Properties): thuc tnh, c tnh, hoc quan h dng m t tnh cht ca ti nguyn. Pht biu (Statements): mi pht biu gm ba thnh phn sau: Subject (Ti nguyn): a ch hay v tr ti nguyn mun m t Predicate (V ng): xc nh tnh cht ca ti nguyn. Object (B ng): c th l mt gi tr nguyn thy hoc cng c th l mt ti nguyn. Mi mt pht biu (subject, predicate, object) cn gi l mt b ba ( triple). V d: Xt pht biu sau Sn c anh l Minh Pht biu trn c phn ra thnh cc phn sau: Subject Object 1.2.4 th RDF Mt tp hp cc RDF Triple c gi l mt th RDF (RDF Graph). s n Minh Predicate hasBrother (c anh) 1.2.5

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Vi d 1: M hnh ha cho pht biu trn

http://localhost:8080/owls.owl#Sn http://localhost:8080/owls.owl# hasBrother http://localhost:8080/owls.owl#Minh

Hnh 1.3 M hnh b ba Triple Namespace Namespace l mt tp cc tn (name), c nh danh bi cc URI, c s dng trong cc ti liu XML nh cc element type v attribute name 1.2.6 Literal Literal c s dng biu din cc gi tr nh con s, ngy thng, chui... Bt c ci g c th biu din bi mt gi tri Literal cng c th c biu din di dng mt URI. 1.2.7 1.2.7.1 Kiu d liu c cu trc RDF Container RDF s dng mt s phn t c bit xy dng cc danh sch, gi l cc b cha (RDF Container). Ba phn t chnh c dng m t cc nhm l rdf:Bag, rdf:Seq v rdf:Alt. 1.2.7.2 RDF Collection RDF collection cho php khai bo mt tp hp ng. Cu trc ca RDF Collection tng t nh mt danh sch, c phn t u

Subject

predicate

Object

Hnh 1.2 Mi quan h gia cc thnh phn trong triple

(rdf:first), phn t k (rdf:rest)v phn t cui(rdf:nil).

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1.2.8 RDFS (RDF Schema) RDFS c s dng nh ngha cc ngun ti nguyn v cc lp. Trong RDF, tt c mi th u c coi l cc ngun ti nguyn, bn thn cc lp cng l cc ngun ti nguyn, nhng bn trong n cng c th l tp hp cc ngun ti nguyn khc. RDF/RDFS trc y c coi l mt thnh phn ct yu biu din ni dung trong Semantic Web. Tuy nhin, chng khng mnh m t thng tin mt cch chi tit. C th hn, chng khng c cc rng buc cc b gia domain v range, cc rng buc tn ti, tp hp, cc thuc tnh bc cu nghch o, i xng (cc thuc tnh lin quan n logic), v c bit l chng khng c chun ng ngha nn kh h tr cho suy din, lp lun. 1.3 1.3.1 Ontology v ngn ng Web OWL Khi nim Ontology Ontology cung cp mt b t vng chung dng m t mt lnh vc ngha l mt loi i tng hay khi nim hin hu, cng vi cc thuc tnh v quan h gia chng v li c t cho ngha ca nhng t trong b t vng. 1.3.2 Cc kiu kin trc ca Ontology Trong mi trng m nh Web, cc ontology c pht trin v bo tr mt cch c lp trong mi trng phn tn. Do hai h thng c th s dng hai ontology khc nhau m t cho hai domain tng t nhau, vn ny c gi l khng thng nht ontology. C ba kin trc c bn nhm gii quyt vn ny, l: ontology n, a ontology, v ontology phc hp: 1.3.3 Vai tr ca Ontology Danh sch di y s phn tch vai tr ca Ontology trong ng cnh ng dng Web c ng ngha. 1.3.5 1.3.4

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Chia s s hiu bit chung gia cc ng dng v con ngi. Cho php s dng li tri thc. a ra cc gi thit r rng v min. Phn tch tri thc lnh vc vi tri thc thao tc. Phn tch tri thc lnh vc. Phn tch hnh thc ca cc khi nim, cn thit cho vic ti s dng v m rng Ontology. Cc thnh phn ca Ontology Cc c th (Individuals): Cc c th l cc thnh phn c bn, nn tng ca mt Ontology. Cc lp (Classes): cc lp l cc nhm, tp hp cc i tng tru tng. Chng c th cha cc c th, cc lp khc, hay l s phi hp ca c hai. Cc thuc tnh (Properties): cc i tng trong Ontology c th c m t thng qua vic khai bo cc thuc tnh ca chng. Mi mt thuc tnh u c tn v gi tr ca thuc tnh . Cc thuc tnh c s dng lu tr cc thng tin m i tng c th c. Cc mi quan h (Relation): Mt mi quan h l mt thuc tnh c gi tr l mt i tng no trong Ontology. Ngn ng OWL OWL (The Web Ontology Language) l mt ngn ng gn nh XML dng m t cc h c s tri thc. OWL l mt ngn ng nh du dng xut bn v chia s d liu trn Internet thng qua nhng m hnh d liu gi l Ontology. OWL biu din ngha ca cc thut ng trong cc t vng v mi lin h gia cc thut ng ny m bo ph hp vi qu trnh x l bi cc phn mm.

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Chng 2 CHNG PHNG PHP V CNG C XY DNG WEB SEMANTIC Hin c rt nhiu cng c c kh nng h tr ngi thit k gii quyt nhng bi ton lin quan. C th k ra mt s nh: Sesame, Protg, Ontolingua, Chimaera, OntoEdit, OidEd Ngoi ra trong ni dung chng ny cn gii thiu s lc mt s ng dng c xy dng trn nn Semantic web. 2.1 2.1.1 Mt s cng c xy dng ontology Phn mm Chimaera Chimaera cng l mt ng dng c pht trin bi i hc Stanford, vi mc ch ban u nhm gii quyt hai vn l: trn cc Ontology v chun on li, phn tch tnh nht qun gia cc Ontology phn tn. 2.1.2 Phn mm Sesame Sesame l mt phn mm m ngun m trong d n European IST On-To-Knowledge ca cng ty H Lan Aduna gip cho vic lu tr v truy vn d liu RDF v RDFS. Ngy cng nhiu ng dng trong lnh vc Web ng ngha s dng Sesame nh mt ng dng ch cho php lu tr v truy vn d liu RDF v RDFS. L do Sesame tr nn ph bin chnh l nhng u im v kin trc ca n, khng ch v mt thit k m cn v tnh ng dng, nh sau: Sesame c thit k nh mt phn mm trung gian gia ngi dng v kho lu tr d liu. Sesame cung cp mt c ch cho php lu tr n nh v truy vn hiu qu d liu RDF v RDFS. Ngi pht trin phn mm c th s dng Sesame nh mt th vin khi xy dng cc ng dng thao tc vi Sesame. 2.1.4.1 2.1.3 Cng c Jena

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Jena l mt Java Framework dng xy dng cc ng dng Web ng ngha. Jena cung cp mi trng lp trnh cho RDF, RDFS, OWL v SPARQL - ngn ng truy vn cho RDF. Jena bao gm cc thnh phn v tnh nng sau: 2.1.4 Phn mm Protg Protg l b phn mm m ngun m Java ni ting. Protg c nghin cu v pht trin t nm 1998 bi nhm nghin cu ca Mark Musen, H. Stanford nhm qun l cc thng tin trong lnh vc sinh y hc. M ngun Protg c th c tm thy ti website: http://smi-protege.stanford.edu/repos/protege/owl/trunk

Hnh 2.1 Giao din phn mm Protg c im ca Protg Chc nng ni bt nht ca phn mm ny l cho php ngi dng s dng to ra cc ontology pht trin Web Semantic theo ng chun ca ngn ng W3C OWL. Protg c hai phin bn OWL v API.

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Phin bn Protg-API c nn tng t OKBC (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity). OKBC l mt ng dng lp trnh giao tip thc hin truy xut d liu thng minh. Phin bn Protg-OWL c pht trin da trn hai yu cu chnh. u tin l yu cu nh ngha cc i tng v quan h tn ti gia chng. Sau l yu cu xy dng cc c im k thut phc v tng chia s thng tin. Cc i tng xy dng chnh ca Protg l: Classes t chc cc quan h tham chiu v cc kiu thc thi Axioms m hnh cu lnh ng Instances cc th hin, cc thnh phn ca i tng Domain gii hn ca ontology Vocabulary cc lp v khai bo 2.1.4.2 Protg s dng giao din ha 2.2 2.2.1

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Hnh 2.3 Protg tch hp cng c OWL Viz Th vin pht trin ng dng Th vin m ngun m OWLDotNetAPI Nhim v ca OwlDotNetApi l kt hp C# v OWL, thc hin c/ghi d liu ca XML da trn th vi cc cnh tng ng vi thuc tnh lin kt v cc nh tng ng vi cc nt hay cn gi l cc lp.

Cc nh tng ng vi cc lp

Cc nh tng ng vi cc thuc tnh

Hnh 2.2 Giao tip bng ha ca Protg 2.1.4.3 Protg pht trin tch hp cc cng c

Hnh 2.4 M hnh quan h gia cc nt v cc cnh Xut pht t vic th ho ni dung ca d liu nn OwlDotNetApi p ng c hu ht tt c cc chun m W3C a

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ra. Tuy nhin vic truy cp d liu khng thng qua cu lnh truy vn nn vic lp trnh vi th vin ny c hiu qu khng cao. OwlDotNetApi c hai phn chnh l lp chc nng v lp giao tip: 2.3 Phng php xy dng ontology Da trn cc bc xy dng ontology ca Noy v McGuinness ta c s tinh gn cng vic trong mi bc nh sau: Bc 1. Xc nh mc ch pht trin ontology. Bc 2. Nm bt k thut xy dng ontology: Bc ny gm ba giai on nh sau: Xc nh phm vi ca ontology Chn phng thc nm bt ontology nh ngha cc khi nim trong ontology Bc 3. Xem xt s dng li cc ontology ang tn ti. Bc 4. M ho ontology La chn trnh bin tp ontology da trn cc yu cu ca lnh vc v chc nng ca ontology. M ha ontology l tin trnh lp, gm cc bc con sau: M ha ontology tng qut. nh ngha lp. Sp xp cc lp theo cy phn cp nh ngha thuc tnh v m t gi tr ca thuc tnh. Bc 5. Ci tin ontology Bao gm hai giai on: Ci tin m ha bn trong (intra-coding): ci tin trong qu trnh m ha. Trong khi m ha, nu pht hin ra li hoc yu cu mi, m cn c ci tin hiu chnh hoc thc hin yu cu mi .

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Ci tin m ha bn ngoi (extra-coding): hiu chnh li pht hin c trong qu trnh kim th, v nhng m rng ca ontology theo cc phn h ng dng. Bc 6: Kim th Pht hin nhc im ca ontology Bc 7: Duy tr Thc hin cc vic hiu chnh, thch ng hoc hon tt ontology. Hiu chnh l xem xt vn mc phi khi truy vn ontology v hiu chnh ontology khc phc cc vn ny.Thch ng bao gm vic iu chnh ontology theo cc yu cu mi pht sinh. Hon tt ontology l pht trin ci tin ontology trong tng lai.

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Chng 3 PHT TRIN NG DNG 3.1 M t bi ton Tm kim vic lm lun l mt ng dng rt quan trng v thc t cho thy c rt nhiu cng c h tr t vn v tm kim vic lm v ang c s dng. Nhng hiu qu ca n mang li cha cao. Da vo thc t v nhng nghin cu v cng ngh web ng ngha, ti xy dng mt ng dng h tr t vn vic lm s dng cng ngh web ng ngha. ng dng c xy dng nhm phc cho i tng l tt c mi ngi lao ng trong x hi c nhu cu tm kim mt vic lm ph hp. i vi ngi i tm vic lm, sau khi nhp vo cc thng tin c nhn cn thit h thng s a ra danh sch cc vic lm ph hp vi nng lc ca h v ng thi a ra mt s thng tin t vn lin quan n cng ty c tuyn dng vic lm . Ngoi ra ng dng cn cho php chng ta tm vic lm bng cch nhp vo cc t kha. iu ny cho php chng ta t tra cu cc danh mc vic lm theo ch . 3.2 Kin trc chung ca ng dng Semantic web Cu trc ca mt my tm kim theo cng ngh web ng ngha, v c bn cng c cu trc tng t vi mt my tm kim thng thng, bao gm 2 thnh phn chnh Giao din truy vn: cho php ngi dng nhp yu cu tm kim Hin th kt qu tm kim Phn kin trc bn trong l phn ct li ca my tm kim bao gm cc thnh phn chnh : Phn tch yu cu Tm kim kt qu cho yu cu Ontology

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D liu tm kim, mng ng ngha M hnh c xut trong lun vn cho ng dng tm kim ng ngha trong lnh vc a im nh sau:

Gi yu cu Nhn kt qu

Web Browser

Search Engine

OWLDotNetA PI/SPARQL

Metadata

Hnh 3.1 M hnh ng dng tm kim ng ngha thng tin Web Browser : ng vai tr giao tip vi ngi dung. Search Engine: y l chc nng chnh ca chng trnh thc hin cc thao tc sau: T chc lu tr Ontology v theo cc quan h, thuc tnh ca Ontology hin th cc thng tin theo dng phn cp. Thc hin truy vn yu cu ca ngi dng trn Ontology v tr v kt qu cho Web Browser a im theo yu cu ca ngi dng.

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3.3 Quy trnh xy dng ng dng thit k cng c tm kim ng ngha ng dng trn SemLOC, lun vn xut m hnh h tr vic tm gm cc cng on sau: Giai on 1 : Thit k Ontology Thit k Ontology nhm cung cp mt b t vng chung bao gm cc khi nim, cc thuc tnh quan trng v cc nh ngha v cc khi nim. Cc thuc tnh ny bao quanh ch v vic lm. Ngoi b t vng, Ontology cn cung cp cc rng buc. Giai on 2: Xy dng ng dng 3.4 Xy dng ontology Ontology l nn tng xy dng d liu cho ng dng. D liu trn ontology c th l ni dung thng tin cng c th l lin kt n cc ontology khc c chung kt ni. 3.4.1 M hnh phn cp lp trong Ontology Vi mc ch chia nh thng tin qun l chng ti tin hnh xy dng cc i tng c phn chia thnh cc lp, cc c th v cc mi quan h. Trong ontology ny tt c cc thng tin v t vn vic lm s c phn r v lu tr di cc dng khc nhau. Sau y l m hnh phn cp lp trong ng dng: 3.4.2

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Hnh 3.3 Phn cp lp trong Ontology Thc hin xy dng HignOnt Vn xy dng ontology tng t nh cch ngi dng nhp d liu vo c s d liu. y, tt c d liu v cu trc phn tch n s c khai bo thng qua cc cng c. Cc i tng chnh ca ontology nh class, properties, individuals s c xem xt v in y thng tin mt cch cng c th th kh nng khai thc v sau s cng thun tin. 3.4.2.1 Cc lp chnh trong ontology t vn vic lm Lp Cty_TuyenDung Lp Noi_Lam_Viec Lp Viec_Lam Lp Yeu_Cau_Cong_Viec 3.4.2.2 Thuc tnh Cc thuc tnh th hin mi quan h gia cc lp, i tng d liu (individual) vi nhau hoc quan h vi d liu. Ngn ng

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ontology chia thuc tnh ra thnh hai loi khc nhau l thuc tnh quan h v thuc tnh d liu. Thuc tnh d liu: Thuc tnh coTenGoi, coPhuCap, coBaoHiem, coDiaChi, coMucLuong, coNgayTuyenDung Ngoi ra cn mt s thuc tnh khc nh: coMucDiem, coSoNgayPhep, Thuc tnh quan h: Thuc tnh coYeuCauBangCap, coHeDaoTao, 3.4.2.3 C th 3.5.2 coChuyenNganh, thuocCongTy, o coNoiLamViec, coPhuongTienDiLai Mt ng dng bt k v semantic u cha rt nhiu c th. Mi c th l mt i tng khng th chia nh hn. Sau y l mt s c th tiu biu: C th CTTD_CTy_CNSG, CVV_KSCK, YCC_BangDaiHoc, HDT_ChinhQuy, YCCN_CoKhi 3.5 Thit k chng trnh T ngun d liu tng hp nh trn, chng ti tin hnh xy dng ng dng khai thc mt cch c hiu qu nht. u tin cng vic tin hnh thun li hn chng ti khai thc th vin m ngun m OwlDotNetApi. Nhng phng thc trong th vin ny h tr cho chng ti rt nhiu v vic phn loi v x l d liu. Trong qu trnh xy dng chng ti s dng mt s thut ton sau y khai thc d liu. 3.5.1 in d liu Thut ton ny dng in y cc quan h ca ng dng v to cho ng dng c thng tin hai chiu. Thut ton c tin hnh nh sau: M tp tin cha ontology 3.5.3 c chiu. tt c

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cc Properties c khai bo

SymmetricProperty hoc a vo danh sch i Duyt qua tt c cc nh ca ontology o Nu mt nh c cha quan h cn in y theo danh sch i chiu trn (B1) in thng tin quan h ngc li Quay li xt cho nh va in nh B1 Ngc li b qua bc ny ng truy cp vo ontology

Duyt theo ng ngha Chc nng ny c thc hin da trn tnh phn cp cha -

con gia cc lp. Cc bc c thc hin nh sau: B1: Thc hin c v hin th ni dung tng lp da trn Properties phn cp trong lp Noi_Lam_Viec ngi dng la chn. B2: Lit k tt c cc individual thuc lp Noi_Lam_Viec m ngi dng la chn. B3: Truy cp thng tin chi tit ca cc individual v hin th kt qu. Tm kim c bn Chc nng ca tm kim c bn l da vo t kha ch tn hoc mt thng tin no v vic lm. Cc bc thc hin B1: Duyt tm tt c cc a ch lin quan n t kha a im c yu cu truy vn. B2: Nu c t nht 1 a im tha mn B1 th thc hin:

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c cc Object Properties tha B1. Duyt qua cc individual ca lp va xc nh. Kim tra cc tnh quan h gia cc cc th a ra cc gi tr lin quan. B4: Hin th kt qu. 3.5.4 Tm kim nng cao Sau y l giao din tm kim nng cao

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KT LUN Qua lun vn ny chng ti nghin cu v trnh by nhng vn then cht ca lnh vc Web ng ngha, trong i su vo nghin cu thnh phn quan trng ca cng ngh ny l RDF v Ontology, n cung cp mt h thng m ha n gin v nht qun h tr ngi s dng tm kim v truy hi thng tin mt cch hiu qu. Nghin cu mt s phng php, cng c xy dng mt ng dng web ng ngha ng thi qua tin hnh xy dng mt ng dng th nghim minh ha cho cng vic nghin cu trn. C th chng ti tin hnh xy dng mt Ontology v lnh vc vic lm. Ontology ny m t tng qut c cc thc th c bn trong d liu v vic lm vi mc ch a ra s la chn chnh xc ph hp vi nng lc ca ngi lao ng. Bn cnh nhng thnh cng t c th nghin cu ny cn cha c s kt ni gia d liu c trch lc t web 2.0 v d liu dng trong ontology. Bn thn trch lc v s dng d liu t web 2.0 l mt vn ln cn c nhiu im cha thng nht trong nhiu nghin cu khc nhau trn th gii. V mt ng dng cng mi a ra c nhng chc nng c tnh cht chng minh cho l thuyt m cha c s u t nhiu. Thm na chng trnh cha khai thc c nhng d liu lin quan c xy dng trong cc ontology trn mng. Trong thi gian n, hon thin ng dng pht trin, chng ti xy dng mt Ontology hon thin hn v lnh vc vic lm, nhm t vn gip ngi lao ng c th tm mt vic lm ph hp vi bn thn. Tip n, chng ti s tch hp vi Ontology ca nhng lnh vc khc nhau m rng v c th tn dng ht nhng u im ca cng ngh tm kim trn web ng ngha.

B3: Xc nh cc lp c Properties nm trong B2,

Khu vc Min ni Hi o Tnh Thnh Ph Th Chuyn Ngnh Cng ty Hnh thc lm

Bng

TM KIM NNG CAO i hc C kh Chnh quy 3 nm Ton thi gian Thnh Ph Bng C ting Anh Tim

Ngnh hc H o to Kinh Hnh thc Khu vc Ngoi ng

Hnh 3.9 Giao din tm kim nng cao