Asterisk Privute Brunch Ixchunge Server Muck Allison und Murk Spencer CopyrIgIL zooz, Inux SupporL ServIces, nc. AII RIgILs Reserved 2 Purpose oI LIIs DocumenL - TIe purpose oI LIIs documenL Is Lo deLuII LIe sLeps Lo conIIgurIng un AsLerIsk PrIvuLe BruncI ExcIunge Server. BusIc LeIepIony concepLs ure revIewed, und LIe desIgn und IuyouL oI un AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon Is dIscussed. TIIs documenL sIouId IeIp LIe reuder pIun und desIgn un InsLuIIuLIon Ior un enLerprIse InsLuIIuLIon, Irom LIe pIunnIng sLuges Lo conIIgurIng LIe sysLem. nsLuIIuLIon oI LIe AsLerIsk soILwure Is covered In unoLIer documenL reIeused sepuruLeIy. BoLI documenLs ure mude uvuIIubIe Iree oI cIurge uL www.IInux-supporL.neL. 3 Getting Sopport - Commonity Sopport: AsLerIsk Ius u number oI sources Ior supporL. As un open source projecL, AsLerIsk Ius u communILy supporL neLwork prImurIIy vIu muIIIng IIsLs und LIe nLerneL reIuy cIuL sysLem. AsLerIsk.org Is u cenLruI pIuce Ior open source und deveIoper InIormuLIon. A AQ Is uvuIIubIe, us weII us upduLes on LIe mosL recenL deveIopmenLs In AsLerIsk. You cun sIgn up Ior LIe AsLerIsk muIIIng IIsL Lo sLuy In conLucL wILI oLIer users, usk (und unswer) quesLIons ubouL Iow Lo muke LIIngs work, und sIure Ideus und conIIguruLIon LIps. To sIgn up Ior LIe AsLerIsk muIIIng IIsL, send un e-muII messuge Lo usLerIsk-requesLmurko.neL, wILI LIe word 'subscrIbe' In LIe body oI LIe messuge. You wIII receIve u response e-muII verIIyIng your requesL und deLuIIIng Iow Lo muke use oI LIe muIIIng IIsL. AsLerIsk users (IncIudIng LIe muInLuIner und projecL sLuII) cun uIso be Iound on LIe #usLerIsk cIunneI on Irc.openprojecLs.neL. On RC, you cun cIuL wILI oLIer users In reuI LIme Irom unywIere In LIe worId, und geL udvIce und IeIp Irom knowIedgeubIe users oI uII experIence IeveIs. or new RC users, more InIormuLIon ubouL RC Is uvuIIubIe Irom www.Irc.neL. Commerciul Sopport: CommercIuI supporL Ior AsLerIsk Is uvuIIubIe Irom Inux SupporL ServIces, nc. Inux SupporL ServIces Is LIe prImury sponsor oI LIe AsLerIsk projecL, und muInLuIns copyrIgIL Lo LIe source code. SS wus Iounded by LIe prImury uuLIor oI LIe AsLerIsk soILwure, und oIIers u IIne oI compuLIbIe Iurdwure, commercIuI supporL Ior AsLerIsk, und cusLom deveIopmenL und depIoymenL servIces. SpecIuI IIcense Lerms ure uIso uvuIIubIe Ior LIe AsLerIsk soILwure. or more InIormuLIon ubouL producLs und servIces oIIered by Inux SupporL ServIces, go Lo www.IInux-supporL.neL, or send un e-muII Lo suIesIInux -supporL.neL. ocomentution: DocumenLuLIon on LIe AsLerIsk PBX Is dIsLrIbuLed In LIe DownIouds secLIon uL www.IInux-supporL.neL. 4 Instullution oI Asterisk - AsLerIsk Is dIsLrIbuLed In source code Iorm Ior muxImum IIexIbIIILy. DebIun GNUJInux .x users cun IeLcI puckuges Irom LIe DebIun urcIIves. OLIer dIsLrIbuLIons muy uIso oIIer AsLerIsk In bInury IormuL Ior LIeIr dIsLrIbuLIons. TIe besL wuy Lo InsLuII AsLerIsk Is Irom source code, uvuIIubIe Irom Inux SupporL ServIces us Inux sLundurd Lur.gz urcIIves. or deLuIIed InIormuLIon on InsLuIIIng AsLerIsk, IeLcI LIe documenL 'nsLuIIIng AsLerIsk' Irom LIe downIouds secLIon uL www.IInux-supporL.neL Asterisk und Zuptel Telephony InterIuces - AsLerIsk Is commonIy used wILI LIe ZupLeI compuLIbIe InLerIuces soId by Inux SupporL ServIces. n order Lo use AsLerIsk wILI ZupLeI compuLIbIe LeIepIony devIces, LIe zupLeI drIvers und ZupuLu IIbrurIes musL be InsLuIIed on LIe sysLem prIor Lo InsLuIIIng AsLerIsk. or InIormuLIon on InsLuIIIng LIese soILwure puckuges, go Lo LIe downIouds secLIon uL www.IInux- supporL.neL, und IeLcI LIe soILwure und InsLuIIuLIon munuuIs. UsIng LIe documenLuLIon und source code uvuIIubIe uL www.IInux-supporL.neL, InsLuIIuLIon oI AsLerIsk Is quILe sLruIgILIorwurd und sIouId Luke onIy u Iew mInuLes oI InLerucLIve LIme. CompIIe LIme vurIes bused on LIe IosL sysLem perIormunce, buL IL's Iess LIun 1o mInuLes on u PenLIum qo or GqJqoo. CurrenLIy, onIy LIe PowerPC und x86 urcIILecLures Iuve been LesLed, und LIe PowerPC Ius onIy been LesLed usIng LIe MoLoroIu Gq processors used In IIgIer end AppIe Iurdwure. ALIIon opLImIzed kerneIs ure noL currenLIy supporLed. I you Iuve un AMD ALIIon IumIIy processor (K;, ALIIon, Duron, TIunderbIrd, or XP) IL Is recommended LIuL you use u kerneI compIIed Ior I686 wILI MMX opLImIzuLIons on. 5 An Introdoction to Telephony {Linox Style) TIIs secLIon Is InLended prImurIIy Ior person's wIo Iuve very IImILed LeIepIony buckground, LIougI mosL AsLerIsk users wIII beneIIL Irom reudIng LIIs. n LIIs secLIon, we'II go over some common LeIepIony concepLs, LIe busIc IuncLIons oI u PBX Irom u LecInIcuI sLundpoInL, und Iow uII LIIs IILs LogeLIer on LIe Inux pIuLIorm wILI LIe AsLerIsk server. AsLerIsk Is wIuL we cuII u 'HybrId VoPJTDM PrIvuLe BruncI ExcIunge Server.' WIuL LIIs meuns Is LIuL AsLerIsk supporLs boLI LrudILIonuI unuIog und dIgILuI LeIepIony equIpmenL (commonIy reIerred Lo us TDM) und LIe new urenu oI VoIce over P, In wIIcI voIce LruIIIc Is currIed over modern duLu neLworks jusL us oLIer duLu, In P puckeLs. or LIIs reuson VoIce over P Is oILen reIerred Lo us PuckeL VoIce. BoLI LecInoIogIes Iuve LIeIr sLrengLIs und weuknesses, und Ior LIe IoreseeubIe IuLure, LIey wIII IIve sIde by sIde. AsLerIsk Is desIgned Lo IucIIILuLe InLer-operuLIon beLween VoP und TDM us seumIessIy us possIbIe. TM Iqoipment - The buckbone oI truditionul telephony. TDM equIpmenL Is LIe sLuII LeIepIony Is mude oI Loduy. MosL oI LIIs equIpmenL Is unuIog, und uses u vurIeLy oI sIgnuIIng Lypes und LecInoIogIes Lo do LIe job. An exLensIve knowIedge oI TDM sysLems Is noL necessury Lo run un AsLerIsk server. TIere ure u Iew Lerms Lo undersLund wIen usIng AsLerIsk In conjuncLIon wILI cIunneI bunks und unuIog IundseLs, or usIng AsLerIsk Lo LermInuLe und rouLe u T1 IIne Ior voIce LruIIIc. PIone equIpmenL Is normuIIy sIgnuIed usIng oreIgn ExcIunge sIgnuIIng. TIere ure Lwo sIdes Lo LIIs sIgnuI, LIe OIIIce sIde und LIe SLuLIon sIde, commonIy reIerred Lo us XO und XS. TIIs Is (sIIgILIy) unuIogous Lo cIIenL und server. A sImpIe exumpIe oI XO und XS exIsLs In (uImosL) everyone's Iome. TIe wuII juck you pIug LIe pIone InLo Is un XS devIce. L provIdes XS sIgnuIIng Lo LIe XO devIce you connecL Lo IL, mosL commonIy u sImpIe IundseL. TIe IundseL, un XO devIce, provIdes XO sIgnuIIng Lo LIe XS devIce on LIe oLIer end. TIIs muy be conIusIng uL IIrsL. XO devIces provide XO sIgnuIIng, und ure sIgnuIed wILI XS sIgnuIIng. XS devIces provIde XS sIgnuIIng und ure sIgnuIed wILI XO sIgnuIIng. WIuL LIIs meuns In prucLIce Is LIuL XO devIces ure sIgnuIed wILI XS, und vIce versu. TIIs wIII be essenLIuI Lo keep In mInd wIen seLLIng up ZupLeI TDM InLerIuce devIces Ior use wILI AsLerIsk. Muny users wIII cIoose Lo use u T1 InLerIuce devIce und u cIunneI bunk Lo IundIe boLI IncomIng und ouLgoIng cuIIs. A T1 IIne currIes zq cIunneIs. A cIunneI bunk Is u devIce LIuL breuks u T1 IIne InLo ILs sepuruLe cIunneIs und provIdes u meuns Lo connecL LIese sepuruLed cIunneIs Lo LeIepIone IundseLs or IncomIng LeIepIone IInes. TIe cIunneI bunk muy Iuve uny mIxLure oI XO und XS cIunneIs uvuIIubIe dependIng on ILs modeI und conIIguruLIon. TIe XO CIunneIs on LIe cIunneI bunk cun be connecLed Lo sLundurd IncomIng unuIog IInes, In pIuce oI u LeIepIone IundseL. TIe XO cIunneIs wIII LypIcuIIy be connecLed Lo desk pIones Ior users In LIe oIIIce. 6 uLer on, we wIII Iook more cIoseIy uL XO und XS sIgnuIIng, durIng LIe conIIguruLIon oI cIunneIs. To sum up LIe busIcs, LeIepIone equIpmenL uses XO und XS sIgnuIIng Lo InLercommunIcuLe. A T1 IIne bundIes zq oI LIese XO und XS IInes (or duLu cIunneIs.) T1 IInes use u vurIeLy oI sIgnuIIng. We cun use LIese T1s boLI Lo receIve our LeIepIone servIce Irom u provIder und Lo InLercommunIcuLe wILI cIunneI bunks LIuL cun breuk our zq cIunneI T1 InLo zq sepuruLe LeIepIone IInes. 7 VoIce over P - New LecInoIogIes, new possIbIIILIes. VoIce over P Ius been LIe subjecL oI u Iuge umounL oI buzz In recenL yeurs, becuuse IL oIIers greuL promIse Lo sImpIIIy busIness neLworks und IL's ubIIILy Lo be rouLed unywIere LIe InLru-neL or nLerneL cun go. VoIce over P oIIers some dIsLIncL udvunLuges over TDM. L's very IIexIbIe. Any decenL neLwork connecLIon cun curry voIce cIunneIs over UDPJP. VoP cun be rouLed over wIreIess ANS, LunneIed LIrougI PSEC, und senL over LIe wIde-open nLerneL. L Is conceIvubIe LIuL LIe use oI VoP couId eIImInuLe LIe need Ior u sepuruLe LeIepIone neLwork enLIreIy. ReuIIsLIcuIIy, VoP Ius cerLuIn weuknesses LIuL Iuve yeL Lo be overcome. TIe nLerneL ProLocoIs IL reIIes on were noL desIgned Lo curry voIce In reuI LIme. TIese proLocoIs (und LIe equIpmenL LIuL speuk LIem) were never conceIved oI us zero-IuLency connecLIons (IuLency In LIe VoP worId descrIbes LIe LIme beLween wIen u cuIIer on one end speuks und wIen LIe cuIIer on LIe oLIer end Ieurs LIem). Nobody cures II IL Lukes o mIIIIseconds Ior un ILmI documenL's IIrsL puckeL Lo be receIved uILer IL wus senL by LIe server. However, TDM Is zero- IuLency, und LIuL sLundurd Ius proven Iurd Ior uny VoP soIuLIon Lo IIve up Lo. n pIuces wIere VoP oIIers new possIbIIILIes, IL Is wIdeIy beIng udopLed. Muny users ure rouLIng VoP over WIde Areu NeLworks Lo uvoId consLunL Iong dIsLunce cIurges beLween geogrupIIcuIIy sepuruLe corporuLe oIIIces. TIe eusy udupLuLIon InLo wIreIess neLworks oIIers greuL possIbIIILIes Ior creuLIng u pIone neLwork In remoLe IocuLIons wILIouL exIsLIng neLworks. or LIose IumIIIur wILI P LecInoIogIes, VoP Is noL Loo Iurd Lo undersLund. L IoIIows LIe usuuI cIIenL server modeI; wILI LIe cuIIs InILIuLed LIrougI u serIes oI connecLIon puckeLs und LIe ucLuuI uudIo porLIon oI LIe cuII LrunsmILLed us UDP puckeLs IIke uny oLIer neLwork servIce. AudIo duLu Is compressed InLo u smuII monuuruI codec (sucI us GSM or LIe proprIeLury G.;z.1 codec) und puckeLIzed Ior LrunsmIssIon. CIIenLs cun be IosLed soILwure wILIIn u compIeLe envIronmenL, sucI us GnopIone (u cIIenL reIeused by Inux SupporL ServIces Ior use wILI AsLerIsk) or MIcrosoIL's NeLMeeLIng H.z cIIenL. SucI cIIenL's LypIcuIIy use LIe IocuIIy uvuIIubIe uudIo Iurdwure und neLworkIng devIces Lo creuLe u 'soIL LeIepIone' runnIng on IocuI operuLIng sysLems. SLund-uIone cIIenLs uIso exIsL, wIIcI ure embedded compuLIng devIces LIuL Iuve jusL LIe rIgIL Iurdwure Lo ucL us u LeIepIone und communIcuLe over u neLwork wILI u VoP server. An exumpIe oI LIIs Is LIe Snom 1oo, un embedded VoP LeIepIone cupubIe oI communIcuLIng over u vurIeLy oI VoP proLocoIs. A number oI VoP sLundurds exIsL. AsLerIsk Ius IL's own IusL und IIgILweIgIL proLocoI cuIIed nLer-AsLerIsk ExcIunge, or AX. AX wus deveIoped prImurIIy us u meuns oI sendIng cuIIs Lo remoLe AsLerIsk servers over ANs or WANs. CIIenLs exIsL Ior AX us weII, Lo uIIow u IosL sysLem or embedded devIce Lo be used us un 'AX LeIepIone.' GnopIone Is u sumpIe AX cIIenL reIeused under LIe GP by Inux SupporL ServIces. L uIIows uny Inux sysLem wILI u IuII dupIex sound curd und u neLwork InLerIuce Lo muke u LeIepIone cuII LIrougI un AsLerIsk server. TIe Snom 1oo Is uvuIIubIe Irom SS us weII, wILI AX cIIenL soILwure InsLuIIed on IL. TIere ure severuI compeLIng sLundurds In LIe VoP urenu. H.z Is used by u number oI commercIuI vendors, und muny In LIe IndusLry ure udopLIng SP us weII. TIese proLocoIs 8 oIIer dIIIerenL IeuLures Ior LIe InLermIngIIng oI VoIce und DuLu LruIIIc. AsLerIsk supporLs SP und H.z us weII us ILs nuLIve AX proLocoI. TIe urcIILecLure oI AsLerIsk Is specIIIcuIIy desIgned Lo muke IL eusy Lo InLerconnecL VoP cIIenLs usIng vurIous proLocoIs und LIe wIdeIy depIoyed TDM equIpmenL LIuL currenLIy oIIers LIe besL uudIo quuIILy. 9 undumenLuIs oI LIe AsLerIsk SysLem AsLerIsk provIdes u IIexIbIe sysLem Lo desIgn u dIuI pIun suILubIe Ior eucI InsLuIIuLIon's needs. TIe mosL IundumenLuI concepL In AsLerIsk Is LIe conLexL. ConLexLs provIde u Irumework Lo presenL dIIIerenL dIuI pIuns Lo IncomIng cuIIers. UsIng conLexLs wILIIn LIe exLensIon IogIc sysLem, AsLerIsk cun cIunge LIe uvuIIubIe dIuI pIun Ior IndIvIduuI cuIIers bused on LIe IIne (or cIunneI) LIey're cuII Is receIved on. UsIng vurIous conIIguruLIon opLIons, LIe conLexLs cun be used Lo presenL InLerucLIve voIce prompLIng. Access conLroI cun be provIded Ior reserved exLensIons und opLIons. DIIIerenL menu opLIons cun be presenLed durIng oII- busIness Iours us weII. TIe mosL obvIous use oI LIIs Is Lo keep IncomIng cuIIers Irom dIuIIng buck ouL. EucI IncomIng cuII Ius un InILIuI conLexL, deIIned on u per cIunneI busIs. We pIuce our IncomIng IInes In u specIuI InILIuI conLexL. We pIuce exLensIons Lo dIuI ouLsIde IInes or uccess reserved IeuLures In unoLIer conLexL. TIose reserved exLensIons ure uccessIbIe Lo IncomIng cuIIers unIess we expIIcILIy muke LIem uvuIIubIe. However, muny exLensIons need Lo be sIured umongsL muILIpIe groups oI cuIIers. We muy noL wunL our IncomIng cuIIers Lo Iuve uccess Lo ouLsIde IInes, buL we do wunL LIem Lo be ubIe Lo reucI our empIoyees pIones. IkewIse, our empIoyees need Lo reucI eucI oLIer. SInce LIey ure oI necessILy In u dIIIerenL conLexL, LIey cun'L see LIe sume seL oI exLensIons. We cun sIure purLs oI LIe dIuI pIun seIecLIveIy wILI LIe use oI IncIudes. We cun creuLe u conLexL wILI u seL oI exLensIons, und 'IncIude' LIuL conLexL In uny oLIer conLexL LIuL sIouId Iuve uccess Lo LIose exLensIons. n LIIs exumpIe we creuLe Lwo exLensIon groups, In sepuruLe conLexLs. We pIuce our Lwo cIunneIs In InILIuI conLexLs, und grunLed uccess Lo eucI cuIIer group usIng IncIudes. BuIIdIng on LIIs we cun provIde u specIuI seL oI servIces Lo eucI group oI cIunneIs, und creuLe severuI InILIuI conLexLs und seIecLIveIy oIIer LIem reIuLed servIces. Now we Iuve u number oI servIce conLexLs, und u number oI sLurLIng conLexLs. EucI sLurLIng conLexL geLs u sIIgILIy dIIIerenL seL oI servIces presenLed, dependIng on Iow LIeIr cIunneI Is conIIgured. We mIgIL pIuce u pIone In LIe Iobby Ior our cusLomers` convenIence, buL we don'L wunL Lo oIIer LIem Iree Iong dIsLunce. IkewIse, dependIng on LIe nuLure oI LIe busIness, we muy noL need (or wunL) Lo gIve Iong dIsLunce uccess Lo uII empIoyees. We muy Iuve sepuruLe specIuI servIces, wIIcI we muke uvuIIubIe Lo upper munugemenL, sucI us specIuI reserved conIerence rooms. We mIgIL uIso creuLe un uccess conLroI Iuyer Ior upper munugemenL LIuL keeps peopIe Irom cuIIIng LIem dIrecLIy, und InsLeud onIy uIIows mosL cuIIers uccess Lo LIeIr ussIsLunL's exLensIons. SILuuLIons muy exIsL wIere u cuIIer In one conLexL needs uccess Lo un exLensIon In unoLIer conLexL, buL IncIudIng LIe enLIre oLIer conLexL wouId be InupproprIuLe. or quIck Iops Irom uny pIuce In LIe dIuI pIun Lo uny oLIer, we cun use LIe GoLo uppIIcuLIon Lo jump Lo u specIIIc exLensIon, even II IL's In unoLIer conLexL. ConLexLs oIIer us LIe IIexIbIIILy Lo creuLe muILIIuyered InLerucLIve voIce response 10 sysLems wILI LIem. We cun jump cuIIers Irom conLexL Lo conLexL bused on InLerucLIve cIoIces, presenLIng dIIIerenL menu opLIons und correspondIng uvuIIubIe exLensIons. Bused on LIeIr cIoIces, we cun connecL LIem wILI LIe correcL empIoyee or servIce. UsIng LIme und duLe dependunL opLIons seL In IncIude sLuLemenLs, we cun cIunge LIe dIuI pIun durIng oII busIness Iours or specIuI LImes oI duy. ncIudes cun be bused on LIe LIme oI duy, duy oI LIe week, duy oI LIe monLI, or monLI oI LIe yeur. Ixtensions n LIe AsLerIsk sysLem, exLensIons ure dIsLIncL Irom cIunneIs. EucI exLensIon Lukes u cuIIer LIrougI u number oI sLeps. n eucI sLep, AsLerIsk wIII execuLe un uppIIcuLIon. Every operuLIon In u cuII Is IundIed by cuIIIng un uppIIcuLIon. A Iurge number oI uppIIcuLIons ure uvuIIubIe Lo perIorm LIe vurIed IuncLIons oI u PBX. AsLerIsk uppIIcuLIons provIde boLI busIc und udvunced IeuLures. AsLerIsk Ius uppIIcuLIons Lo dIuI, Iung up, und unswer, und pIuybuck sound IIIes. More udvunced uppIIcuLIons provIde voIcemuII creuLIng und reLrIevuI servIces, conIerence brIdges, und dIrecLory servIces. Ig. A IIsL oI uppIIcuLIons (excIude seLup upps). A LypIcuI desk exLensIon wouId use LIe dIuI und voIcemuII uppIIcuLIons. SeveruI sLeps wouId be deIIned. EucI oI LIese sLeps Is cuIIed u prIorILy. A second IeveI oI prIorILIes Is uvuIIubIe. We cun Luke u dIIIerenL puLI II LIe cIunneI we ure uLLempLIng Lo reucI Is busy, ruLIer LIun sImpIy IeIL ununswered. We cun creuLe u sIIgILIy (or compIeLeIy) dIIIerenL response Ior LIe cuIIer In LIIs cuse. TIere ure some specIuI exLensIons uvuIIubIe In uddILIon Lo exLensIons bused on user InpuL. AsLerIsk provIdes u sLurLIng exLensIon. WIen we unswer un IncomIng cuII or move u cuIIer InLo u new conLexL wILIouL u specIIIc exLensIon, AsLerIsk wIII run LIe IIrsL prIorILy In LIe sLurLIng exLensIon. TIIs Is oILen used Lo presenL un InLerucLIve voIce menu Lo LIe cuIIer. TIe LImeouL exLensIon provIdes u wuy Lo IundIe u cuII II u cuIIer doesn'L respond wILI un exLensIon wILIIn u conIIgurubIe umounL oI LIme. We cun use LIe LImeouL ruIe Lo recIrcuIuLe LIe cuIIer LIrougI LIe menu or pIuy un error, ruLIer LIun jusL dumpIng LIe cuII. AsLerIsk provIdes exLensIon muLcIIng IogIc Lo rouLe cuIIs bused on purL oI LIe number dIuIed. CommonIy, LIIs Is used Lo IundIe ouLgoIng cuIIs, muLcIIng uII exLensIons dIuIed begInnIng wILI 'q' Lo u sIngIe ouLgoIng exLensIon. TIe ubIIILy Lo muLcI specIIIc numbers und cerLuIn number IengLIs uIIows us Lo dIIIerenLIuLe beLween IocuI, Iong dIsLunce, und InLernuLIonuI cuIIs, und cuIIs Lo vurIous ureu codes. ExLensIon muLcIIng cun uIso be used Lo rouLe cuIIs InLernuIIy. CIunneIs TIere ure muny LecInoIogIes used Lo muke und receIve cuIIs. AsLerIsk Is ubIe Lo InLerconnecL IncomIng cuIIs Irom uII supporLed LecInoIogIes. TIIs IIexIbIIILy Is ucIIeved by ubsLrucLIng LIe LecInoIogy used Lo muke u cuII Irom LIe dIuI pIun. 11 AsLerIsk supporLs u number oI LecInoIogIes, or cIunneI Lypes. EucI uvuIIubIe 'IIne' Is u cIunneI, wIeLIer LIuL 'IIne' Is provIded by u Iurdwure InLerIuce Lo TDM equIpmenL or u VoIce over P connecLIon. nsIde LIe dIuI pIun, AsLerIsk LreuLs uII InLerIuces In LIe sume munner, und eusIIy InLerconnecLs TDM, AX, H.z, und SP bused cIunneIs wILI eucI oLIer. AsLerIsk Ius LIe ubIIILy Lo rIng muILIpIe cIunneIs uL LIe sume LIme. TIese cIunneIs cun uguIn be uny mIx oI LecInoIogIes compuLIbIe wILI LIe AsLerIsk server. 12 PIunnIng un AsLerIsk NeLwork. WIen prepurIng Lo seL up un AsLerIsk server, IL Is useIuI Lo vIsuuIIze LIe LopoIogy oI LIe LeIepIone neLwork, mucI IIke seLLIng up un oIIIce duLu neLwork. Tuke InLo uccounL eucI servIce LIuL wIII be oIIered on LIe PBX, und wIo sIouId Iuve uccess Lo eucI oI LIese servIces. You muy wunL Lo muke u dIugrum oI LIe neLwork, sIowIng wIIcI groups oI cuIIers sIouId Iuve uccess Lo wIIcI servIces. TIIs wIII prove InvuIuubIe us you work LIrougI LIe conIIguruLIon IIIes. TIe dIugrum cun sIow IogIcuI groups oI cuIIers und IogIcuI groups oI servIces. ServIce groups cun be connecLed wILI cIunneI groups, sIowIng LIe IogIcuI IuyouL oI conLexLs und IncIudes. IrsL, exumIne LIe groups oI cuIIers LIuL wIII exIsL on LIe neLwork. AL LIe sImpIesL IeveI, LIere ure InLernuI und exLernuI users. We muy Iuve some servIces LIuL ure onIy oIIered Lo some oI LIe InLernuI users oI LIe neLwork. Ig - IIsLIng user groups Ior usLerIsk ook uL servIces Lo be oIIered by LIe AsLerIsk server, und wIo sIouId Iuve uccess Lo LIem. Muny oI LIe servIces wIII be uvuIIubIe Lo severuI user groups. MosL IIkeIy, empIoyee desk exLensIons wIII be uvuIIubIe Lo uII users. OLIer servIces, sucI us voIcemuII, ouLgoIng IInes, und conIerence rooms, muy onIy be mude uvuIIubIe Lo seIecL cuIIers. Ig. IIsLIng servIces CIurL LIe servIces LIuL sIouId be mude uvuIIubIe Lo eucI user group. Group exLensIons LIuL sIouId IogIcuIIy go LogeLIer, und pIuce LIem In sIured conLexLs. ConnecL groups oI servIces wILI groups oI cuIIers Lo vIsuuIIze Iow LIe dIuIpIun sIouId go LogeLIer. TIere sIouId IdeuIIy be no exLensIons sLuLed LwIce. Any exLensIon LIuL wIII be uvuIIubIe Lo more LIun conLexL sIouId be pIuced In u conLexL Lo be IncIuded. Ig. ConnecLIng InILIuI conLexLs und exLensIon conLexLs wILI IncIudes n u number oI pIuces, we muy Iuve cerLuIn exLensIons we wunL Lo sIure wILI cuIIers In unoLIer conLexL, buL IncIudIng LIe wIoIe surroundIng exLensIon conLexL muy noL be desIrubIe. GoLo uppIIcuLIons cun connecL cuIIers wILI specIIIc exLensIons wILIIn oLIer conLexLs. Ig. usIng goLos Lo sIure IndIvIduuI exLensIons 13 An introdoction to the instullution AsLerIsk Is conIIgured In LexL bused IIIes sLored In JeLcJusLerIsk. TIe dIuI pIun Is consLrucLed In exLensIons.conI. CIunneI und AppIIcuLIon conIIguruLIon IIIes resIde uIong sIde LIese IIIes. On sLurLup, AsLerIsk uuLomuLIcuIIy runs In LIe buckground. Error messuges wIII be reporLed Lo LIe consoIe AsLerIsk Is sLurLed on. OpLIonuIIy AsLerIsk muy be run In LIe Ioreground, usIng LIe -c swILcI. usLerIsk -c
TIe verbosILy (umounL oI InIormuLIon prInLed Lo screen, cun be seL uL sLurLup. TIree IeveIs ure uvuIIubIe. TIe -v swILcI Lurns verbose mode on, und muILIpIe 'v's ruIse LIe IeveI. usLerIsk -vvvc I usLerIsk Is runnIng In LIe buckground or on unoLIer consoIe, you cun connecL Lo LIe server und geL u consoIe. usLerIsk -r
or usLerIsk -vr NOTE, wIen usLerIsk Is runnIng In LIe Ioreground, LIe 'quIL' commund wIII shot down the server. WIen connecLed remoLeIy, 'quIL' wIII dIsconnecL Irom LIe consoIe, IeuvIng AsLerIsk runnIng In LIe buckground. The commund line interIuce {CLI) AsLerIsk IeuLures u commund IIne InLerIuce wILI on IIne IeIp sysLem. WIen connecLed Lo LIe consoIe, LypIng 'IeIp' wIII IIsL LIe uvuIIubIe communds. Communds exIsL Lo sIuLdown or resLurL LIe server, boLI ImmedIuLeIy und 'gruceIuIIy.' A gruceIuI sIuLdown or resLurL wIII sLop uccepLIng new connecLIons, und wuIL unLII LIere ure no IurLIer cuIIs. SIuLdown or resLurL 'now' wIII ImmedIuLeIy brIng down LIe server, dumpIng uII cuIIs. TIe commund 'reIoud' Iorces usLerIsk Lo re-reud ILs conIIguruLIon IIIes. No cuIIs wIII be dropped durIng reIoud. NoLe LIuL LIe zupuLu.conI IIIe Is noL reIouded by LIe reIoud commund. AsLerIsk musL be resLurLed Lo rereud LIIs IIIe und reuIIocuLe zupLeI cIunneIs. 14 SLeps Lo conIIguruLIon TIere ure severuI sLeps Lo conIIgurIng LIe AsLerIsk server. TIe IIrsL Is Lo muke some cIunneIs uvuIIubIe Lo AsLerIsk. EucI cIunneI wIII be ussIgned un InILIuI conLexL bused on our IuyouL. CIunneIs ure conIIgured dIIIerenLIy dependIng on LIe cIunneI Lype, LIougI LIey ure LreuLed LIe sume In LIe dIuI pIun. Some uppIIcuLIons Iuve opLIonuI or requIred exLernuI conIIguruLIon. TIe voIcemuII sysLem, musIc on IoId, und conIerence brIdge uppIIcuLIons musL be conIIgured prIor Lo use wILIIn LIe dIuI pIun. Once cIunneIs ure prepured und uppIIcuLIons Iuve been seL up, LIe dIuI pIun cun be ussembIed. UsIng LIe noLes mude In LIe prevIous cIupLer, LIe dIuI pIun wIII be deveIoped In LIe exLensIons.conI IIIe. Setting op chunnels - n LIIs cIupLer, we wIII dIscuss LIe seLLIng up oI LIe cIunneIs. AsLerIsk commonIy uses Lwo mujor Lypes oI cIunneIs, LIougI oLIer cIunneI drIver moduIes ure uIwuys In deveIopmenL. CurrenLIy, LIe besL ImpIemenLed cIunneI drIvers ure LIe ZupLeI drIver, wIIcI connecLs AsLerIsk Lo InLerIuce devIces uvuIIubIe Irom Inux SupporL ServIces, nc., und LIe nLer- AsLerIsk ExcIunge proLocoI, LIe IIgILweIgIL PuckeL VoIce proLocoI used Lo puss cuIIs boLI beLween AsLerIsk servers und Lo communIcuLe wILI AX cIIenLs sucI us GnoPIone und LIe AsLerIsk-enubIed Snom 1oo. H.z drIvers uIso exIsL In u IuIrIy eurIy sLuLe oI deveIopmenL. Aboot zuputu.conI - n LIe IIrsL secLIon, we wIII Iook uL LIe zupuLu.conI IIIe. TIe zupuLu.conI IIIe conIIgures ZupuLu InLerIuces Ior use wILI AsLerIsk. WILIIn zupuLu.conI, zupLeI cIunneIs ure ussIgned sIgnuIIng Lypes, deIuuIL conLexLs, und cuIIer D sLrIngs. You cun uIso conIIgure zupLeI cIunneIs uccess Lo IeuLures sucI us LIree-wuy cuIIIng, voIcemuII, und cuII IorwurdIng wILIIn LIIs IIIe. You sIouId Iuve u sumpIe conIIguruLIon IIIe In LIe JeLcJusLerIsk dIrecLory uILer InsLuIIuLIon oI AsLerIsk. TIe sumpIe IIIe ILseII cun serve us u useIuI reIerence Lo Some Notes on the style und Ilow oI zuputu.conI ZupuLu.conI Is reud by LIe soILwure Irom LIe Lop down. ConIIguruLIon purumeLers ure In LIe IormuL "purumeLer=vuIue." PurumeLer-vuIue puIrs ure one per IIne. A semIcoIon precedes commenLs (;). EucI purumeLer gIven remuIns In eIIecL unLII overrIdden by unoLIer purumeLer sLuLemenL wILI u dIIIerenL vuIue. or exumpIe: conLexL=IocuI sIgnuIIng=Ixo_ks cIunneI=1-1z conLexL=LrusLed 15 cIunneI=1-zq n LIe IIrsL IIne, we seL LIe conLexL Ior IuLure deIInILIons Lo IocuI. n LIe second IIne, we seL LIe sIgnuIIng Lype. n LIe LIIrd IIne, we deIIned u bIock oI cIunneIs. SInce LIe cIunneI deIInILIon wus preceded by LIe conLexL und sIgnuIIng deIInILIons, LIe cIunneI wIII be sIgnuIed wILI Ixo-kewIsLurL sIgnuIIng. CuIIers Irom IundseLs on cIunneI 1-1z wIII be pIuced In LIe IocuI conLexL wIen LIey pIck up LIe pIone. n LIe IourLI IIne, we cIunged LIe conLexL Lo 'LrusLed.' Users wIo pIck up u pIone on cIunneIs 1-zq wIII be pIuced In LIe 'LrusLed' conLexL. We dId noL Iuve Lo resLuLe LIe sIgnuIIng Lype, us LIe deIInILIon on LIe second IIne remuIns In eIIecL unLII overrIdden. Some busic keywords - TIere ure some busIc keywords you wIII wunL Lo geL IumIIIur wILI rIgIL oII. conLexL: LIIs keyword wIII deIIne LIe cuIIer group Ior IoIIowIng cIunneIs. TIe conLexL wIII be reIerenced IuLer by exLensIons.conI. ConLexLs ure used Lo provIde dIIIerenL seLs oI IeuLures und exLensIons Lo dIIIerenL users on LIe sysLem. or exumpIe, IncomIng cuIIers wouId normuIIy be pIuced In u dIIIerenL Irom IocuI users, sInce IncomIng cuIIers sIouIdn'L be ubIe Lo dIuI un ouLgoIng exLensIon (und cerLuInIy noL uccess Iong dIsLunce IInes) TIe conLexL cun be uny uIpIunumerIc sLrIng. You wIII Iuve Lo Iuve u conLexL secLIon In exLensIons.conI muLcIIng LIe secLIon Iere Ior your users Lo be ubIe Lo use servIces. chunnel: TIIs keyword wIII IndIcuLe u IIsL oI cIunneIs. TIe cIunneIs IIsLed wIII Iuve LIe purumeLers In eIIecL wIen LIe sLuLemenL Is mude. I LIe IusL conLexL deIInILIon wus 'IocuI' und LIe IusL sIgnuIIng Lype wus 'Ixo_ks' LIen LIe cIunneIs IIsLed wIII Luke LIose vuIues. TIe vuIues Ior u cIunneI sLuLemenL sIouId be uny zupLeI cIunneI wIIcI exIsLs (Ior InsLunce, II you Iuve z Ixo's und q Ixs's, you wouId Iuve 6 cIunneIs, numbered 1-6.) signuling: SeLs LIe sIgnuIIng Lype Ior IoIIowIng cIunneI deIInILIons. TIese sIouId IoIIow LIe cIunneIs us deIIned In JeLcJzupLeI.conI. CorrecL cIoIces ure bused on LIe Iurdwure uvuIIubIe. AsLerIsk wIII IuII Lo sLurL II u cIunneI sIgnuIIng deIInILIon Is IncorrecL or unworkubIe. TIe vuIues uvuIIubIe ure: em: E&M em_w: E&M wInk IeuLd: euLure Group D Ixs_Is: XS oop SLurL Ixo_Is: XO oop SLurL Ixs_gs: XS Ground SLurL Ixo_gs: XO Ground SLurL Ixs_ks: XS KewI SLurL Ixo_ks: XO KewI SLurL prI_cpe: PR sIgnuIIng, CPE sIde prI_neL: PR sIgnuIIng, neLwork sIde 16 TIe mujorILy oI users wIII use Ixo_ks und Ixs_ks sIgnuIIng. TIese sIgnuIIng Lypes ure mosL commonIy used wIen connecLIng u ZupLeI T1 curd Lo u cIunneI bunk, und ure uIwuys used wIen connecLIng und XO or XS sLuLIon curd. cullerid: SeLs LIe CuIIer D InIormuLIon Ior u cIunneI or cIunneIs. TIe cuIIer Id sLrIng wIII be LrunsmILLed Lo oLIer pIones connecLed Lo your AsLerIsk neLwork. I you ure dIuIIng ouL Lo LIe pubIIc pIone neLwork vIu PR, LIe cuIIer Id IIne number wIII be senL Lo LIe desLInuLIon pIone. TIe pubIIc currIer wIII uLLucI LIe muLcIIng dIrecLory IIsLIng Lo LIe number LrunsmILLed. TIereIore, you cun seL LIe number on PR's, buL LIe nume wIII uuLomuLIcuIIy muLcI LIe currIer dIrecLory. I you ure dIuIIng ouL vIu un XO Lo u sLundurd IIne, LIe currIer conLroIs LIe cuIIer Id senL Lo LIe recIpIenL enLIreIy. TIe IormuL oI LIe cuIIerId sLrIng Iooks IIke LIIs: cuIIerId="Bob SuIesmun"<(q) -1zq> Ike uII oLIer deIInILIons, LIe cuIIerId deIInILIon wIII remuIn In eIIecL unLII overrIdden. I you need u buncI oI cIunneIs Lo Iuve LIe sume cuIIerId, you cun deIIne LIem IIke so: cuIIerId="Bob SuIesmun"<(q) -1zq> sIgnuIIIng=Ixo_ks cIunneI=1-zq sIgnuIIIng=Ixo_ks cIunneI=z-z6 n LIIs urrungemenL, LIe cuIIerId deIInILIon wouId uppIy Lo uII IoIIowIng cIunneIs. groop: deIInes u group oI cIunneIs Lo be LreuLed us one. TIe group cun be reIerenced In exLensIons.conI, commonIy us u dIuI exLensIon. or exumpIe uII suIespeopIe couId be grouped, so LIuL un exLensIon Ior suIes cun rIng uII pIones. TIIs IeuLure Is commonIy used Lo bundIe uII ouLgoIng cIunneIs InLo u sIngIe LurgeL Ior exLensIons.conI. TIe IormuL Ior u group deIInILIon Is sLruIgILIorwurd: group=1 (repIuce one wILI uny number) Keywords to torn Ieutores on or oII: MosL oI LIe ZupLeI IeuLures cun be Lurned on or oII on u per cIunneI (or cIunneI group) busIs. TIese IeuLures Luke sImpIe yes or no purumeLers: usecuIIerId - sIouId cuIIerId be receIved IIdecuIIerId - sIouId cuIIerId be senL? cuIIwuILIng - sIouId cuII wuILIng be enubIed cuIIwuILIngcuIIerId - sIouId cuIIer Id be senL on cuII wuILIng LIreewuycuIIIng - sIouId LIree-wuy cuIIIng be enubIed LrunsIer - sIouId cuII LrunsIerrIng be enubIed cuncuIIIorwurd - sIouId cuII IorwurdIng be uccepLed ecIocunceI - sIouId ecIo cunceIIIng be uIIowed (yes, unIess LIere's u good reson noL Lo) ImmedIuLe - sIouId LIe cIunneI be unswered ImmedIuLeIy, or sIouId AsLerIsk provIde dIuI Lone und wuIL Ior LIe cuIIer Lo dIuI un exLensIon 17 Some more keywords, less oIten needed: TIere ure u Iew exLru keywords uvuIIubIe, wIIcI ure generuIIy noL needed by muy be necessury In cerLuIn sILuuLIons or wILI cerLuIn equIpmenL. swILcILype - swILcILype Is used Ior PR InLerIuces, wIen LermInuLIng u provIders T1 IIne InLo your AsLerIsk server. AvuIIubIe swILcILypes ure - nuLIonuI - NuLIonuI SDN dms1oo: NorLeI DMS1oo qess: AT&T qESS ess: ucenL ESS euroIsdn: EuroSDN rxwInk - NormuIIy, onIy used wILI LIe AdLrun ALIus, wIen communIcuLIng usIng E & M wInk. TIe ALIus seems Lo use >zoms wInks, Ionger LIun uveruge. TIIs uIIows AsLerIsk Lo compensuLe. rxguIn (uIso LxguIn) - used Lo seL LIe LrunsmIL und receIve guIn In dB. Used Lo compensuLe Ior cerLuIn InLerIuce devIces wIIcI muy seem 'quIeL.' I your devIce works correcLIy, buL LIe voIume seems Iow, you muy consIder udjusLIng LIIs vuIue. TIese purumeLers ure seIdom needed, buL muy be used Lo Lune communIcuLIon wILI cerLuIn devIces prewInk: Pre-wInk LIme preIIusI: Pre-IIusI LIme wInk: WInk LIme IIusI: IusI LIme sLurL: SLurL LIme rxIIusI: ReceIver IIusILIme debounce: Debounce LImIng Ixumples - TIe IormuL oI LIese exumpIes wIII mIrror LIe IormuL oI LIe IIIe ILseII. Ines begInnIng wILI u semIcoIon (;) ure commenLs, und wIII noL be needed In LIe IIIe ILseII. Ines noL begInnIng wILI u semIcoIon ure exumpIes oI IuncLIonuI IInes In LIe conIIguruLIon IIIes. A Iew exumples - Here's un exumpIe oI wIuL u conIIg IIIe mIgIL Iook IIke. n LIIs conIIguruLIon, we've goL LIree ouLgoIng sLundurd pIones IInes, presumubIy provIded by PC XO InLerIuce curds sucI us LIe X1oop, und u T1 InLerIuce Lo u cIunneI bunk wILI 1z XS cIunneIs Lo drIve InsIde pIone IInes. ; T1 InLerIuces uIwuys come beIore sIngIe cIunneI curds (reIerence 'ConIIgurIng zupLeI.conI') ; IrsL, we'II seL some good deIuuILs |cIunneIs| 18 ; seL LIe deIuuIL conLexL Lo u resLrIcLIve group. TypIcuIIy, deIuuIL Is ouLgoIng IocuI cuIIs onIy conLexL=deIuuIL ; Lurn on cuII IeuLures usecuIIerId=yes IIdecuIIerId=no cuIIwuILIng=yes cuIIwuILIngcuIIerId=yes LIreewuycuIIIng=yes ; we'II reserve LIIs IeuLure Ior LIose wIo need IL, us IL wIII LIe up z ouLsIde IInes cuncuIIIorwurd=no ; seL LIe ecIo cunceIIer - LIIs IeuLure sIouId uIwuys be on, unIess you Iuve u Iurdwure ecIo cunceIIer ecIocunceIIer=yes ; seL u deIuuIL group group=1 ; begIn cIunneI deIInILIons ;seL LIe sIgnuIIIng Ior LIe XS cIunneIs. Remember LIuL XS cIunneIs ure sIgnuIed wILI XO. sIgnuIIIng=Ixo_ks ; We'II sLurL wILI LIe IowesL InLernuI uccess IeveIs, und move upwurds. ; A pubIIc pIone, In LIe Iobby. No Iong dIsLunce, so we cun Ieuve IL In deIuuIL. ; Remember LIuL cuIIer D wIII onIy be InLernuI, sInce we ure usIng sLundurd BeII IInes InsLeud oI PR cuIIerId=<obby - 1zq> cIunneI=1 ;TIe muIn exLensIons, Ior mosL empIoyees ;We cIunge LIe conLexL Lo gIve LIem Iong dIsLunce ;conLexL=empIoy cuIIerId=<JoIn Kuo - 6;8q> cIunneI=z cuIIerId=<Mury Jumeson - 6;qo> cIunneI= cuIIerId=<JosepI JoInson - 6;q1> cIunneI=q 19 ;LIe engIneerIng Iub Ius Lwo pIones, und we rIng wunL Lo rIng LIem LogeLIer ;by deIInIng LIem us u group, we cun sImpIy LurgeL LIe group In LIe exLensIons.conI IIIe group=z cuIIerId=<EngIneerIng - 6;qz> cIunneI=6-; ;Ior LIe suIes depurLmenL, we need InLernuLIonuI uccess, und sInce LIey roum u IoL, we gIve LIem ;cuII IorwurdIng cuncuIIIorwurd=yes ; I LIey cun cuII InLernuLIonuI, LIey preLLy mucI Iuve IuII uccess Lo run up LIe bIIIs :) conLexL=LrusLed ; We muy wunL Lo sIgnuI LIem us u group, so we'II muke LIem LIeIr own us weII group= cuIIerId=<SLun ebowsky - 6;q> cIunneI=8 cuIIerId=<Susun SLunberg - 6;qq> cIunneI=q cuIIerId=<Duve ewIs - 6;q> cIunneI=1o ; TIe CEO cun sLuy In LIe sume conLexL, obvIousIy Ie geLs IuII uccess, so no need Lo Lurn unyLIIng oII. ; GeL IIm ouL oI LIe suIes group, Ie doesn'L wunL LIeIr cuIIs group=q cuIIerId=<JoIn PoIndexLer - 6;q6> cIunneI=11 ; And IIs execuLIve ussIsLunL cuIIerId=<KuLIy Morgun - 6;q;> cIunneI = 1z ; Now we geL Lo LIe LIree ouLgoIng IInes. We beLLer drop LIe conLexL so LIey cun'L puncI q und ; DIuI LIrougI. We'II puL LIem In IocuI, so LIey cun onIy rIng IocuI IInes conLexL=IocuI cuIIerId=<WIdgeLs, nc. - q6> ; Muke LIem u group, so ouLgoIng cuIIs Luke LIe IIrsL uvuIIubIe IIne group= 20 ;oI course, we cIunge LIe sIgnuIIng sIgnuIIIng=Ixs_ks cIunneI=1-1 ; END CONG E TIuL exumpIe sIows LIe commonIy used keywords. TIe oLIer keywords uvuIIubIe ure predomInunLIy Ior seLLIng up specIuI cIunneI Lypes sucI us PR. NoLe LIe wuy LIuL LIe IIIe IIows, wILI eucI opLIon remuInIng In eIIecL unLII overrIdden. TIIs Is especIuIIy ImporLunL wIen workIng wILI conLexLs. I you uren'L puyIng uLLenLIon, you couId gIve IncomIng cuIIers LIe sume uccess IeveI us LIe CEO, und IeL yourseII be someone's Iree Iong dIsLunce provIder, or oIIer your conIerence brIdge Lo LIe worId. SeLLIng up Inux TeIepIony nLerIuce CIunneIs - TIIs secLIon Ius noL yeL been wrILLen. Setting op Inter-Asterisk Ixchunge Chunnels - nLer-AsLerIsk ExcIunge cIunneIs ure used Ior pussIng cuIIs beLween muILIpIe AsLerIsk servers over P neLworks, und Ior communIcuLIng wILI VoIce over P cIIenL soILwure und embedded devIces. AX oIIers u number oI opLIons Ior opLImIzuLIon, conLexL conLroI, und uuLIenLIcuLIon und uccess conLroI servIces. AX cIunneIs ure conIIgured In Iux.conI. TIIs IIIe IoIIows u sImIIur IormuL Lo oLIer conIIguruLIon IIIes. OpLIons ure conIIgured In 'keyword=vuIue' puIrs. A semIcoIon precedes commenLs (;). By convenLIon, LIe IIrsL secLIon oI LIe IIIe Is normuIIy used Ior generuI opLIons Ior uII AX LruIIIc. TIese specIuI murkers deIIneuLe secLIons oI LIe IIIe. TIere ure LIree Lypes oI AX cIIenLs. TIe IIrsL Is u user. Users cun muke cuIIs LIrougI LIe AsLerIsk server, buL ure noL ubIe Lo receIve cuIIs Irom LIe server. TIIs Is useIuI In u sILuuLIon wIere you mIgIL provIde some pIone servIces Lo u cIIenL, buL wouId never cuII LIuL pIone, sucI us beIng u Iong dIsLunce provIder Ior un AX user. TIe second Is u peer. A peer Is u cIIenL you mIgIL puss cuIIs Lo, buL wouId never receIve cuIIs Irom. TIIs mIgIL be useIuI Lo depIoy u pIone LIuL onIy receIved cuIIs, or pussIng cuIIs Lo u specIuI use AsLerIsk server. MosL commonIy, LIe server or devIce wouId need Lo be boLI u user und u peer. n LIuL cuse, you wouId deIIne LIem us u IrIend, wIIcI Is u sIorLcuL Ior boLI user und peer. A IrIend cun boLI send cuIIs Lo LIe server und receIve cuIIs Irom LIe server. An AX desk IundseL wouId probubIy IuII InLo LIIs cuLegory, us wouId u remoLe server LIuL needed Lo uccess your IocuI exLensIons und uIso oIIered IL's exLensIons Lo your server. TIere ure severuI opLIons Ior uuLIenLIcuLIon und IosL deIInILIon. A cIIenL muy be specIIIed by specIIIc P uddress or resoIvubIe IosL nume, In wIIcI cuse no IurLIer uuLIenLIcuLIon wIII be needed. A cIIenL muy uIso be specIIIed us dynumIc, wILI or wILIouL u pussword. DynumIc IosLs muy uIso Iuve un P runge ussIgned LIuL LIey ure uIIowed Lo connecL Irom, or un P runge LIuL Is specIIIcuIIy excIuded. 21 AuLIenLIcuLIon by pussword Is uIso uvuIIubIe. A pussword Ior LIe cIIenL muy be specIIIed, und LIree Loken pussIng meLIods ure uvuIIubIe, pIuInLexL, MD, und RSA. PIuInLexL Is LIe IeusL secure, und probubIy sIouIdn'L be used In IosLIIe envIronmenLs (over LIe InLerneL, coIIege ANS) us LIe pusswords ure senL cIeur LexL und eusIIy recovered wILI snIIIer progrums. MD uses u one-wuy IusI LIuL mukes IL Iurder Lo geL LIe ucLuuI pussword. TIIs oIIers mInImuI securILy uguInsL pussword snIIIIng, buL requIres LIuL LIe pusswords be sLored pIuInLexL on LIe servers LIemseIves. RSA Is LIe mosL secure meLIod. n LIIs meLIod, pubIIc keyJprIvuLe key encrypLIon IIke Secure SIeII Is used Lo uuLIenLIcuLe. TIe IIrsL secLIon oI LIe Iux.conI IIIe Is LIe 'generuI' secLIon. n LIIs secLIon, generuI opLIons cun be conIIgured. TIe deIuuILs In LIIs secLIon ure good Ior mosL sysLems, LIougI some uppIIcuLIons muy cuII Ior udjusLIng LIe jILLer buIIer und codec seIecLIon opLIons Ior beLLer perIormunce und bundwIdLI uLIIIzuLIon. MosL cIIenLs wIII be 'IrIends,' LIe sIorLcuL Ior boLI user und peer. TIe sImpIesL wuy Lo seL up u IrIend Is us u sLuLIc deIInILIon. n sucI cuse, no secreL or uuLIenLIcuLIon Is needed. An P uddress or specIIIc IosLnume Is deIIned, und uII cuIIs rouLed Lo LIe peer wIII be senL Lo LIuL P. AII IncomIng (user sIde cuIIs) presenLed us beIng Irom LIuL peer musL orIgInuLe Irom LIuL P uddress or resoIvubIe IosLnume. SucI u IrIend wouId Iook IIke LIIs: |IrIendnume| Lype=IrIend conLexL=IocuI conLexL=deIuuIL IosL=1qz.168.1o.18 NoLe LIuL IrIends und users cun boLI Iuve muILIpIe conLexLs. Peers do noL need conLexLs. WIen u IrIendJuser pusses u cuII Lo LIe server (wIIcI Is LIeIr peer) LIey cun specIIy wIIcI oI LIe uvuIIubIe conLexLs LIey ure connecLIng InLo. A more compIex IrIend deIInILIon uIIows Ior u dynumIc IosL, wIIcI cun be open, or IImILed Lo u runge oI P uddresses. TIIs cun be useIuI Ior P IundseLs LIuL geL dynumIc P uddresses Irom LIeIr DHCP server, or Ior u soILwure cIIenL on u IupLop LIuL couId Iuve uny P uddress wIen IL uLLempLs u connecLIon. TIougI uuLIenLIcuLIon Is noL munduLory even In LIIs cuse, IL Is generuIIy recommended. An exumpIe oI u peer LIuL couId Iuve uny P wILIIn LIe IocuI AN: |IppIone| Lype=IrIend IosL=dynumIc uIIow=1qz.168.o.1Jz.z.z.o deny=o.o.o.oJo.o.o.o We cun udd busIc (pIuInLexL) uuLIenLIcuLIon Lo LIe mIx wILI LIIs uddILIon: secreL=u_noL_very_secreL_secreL TIuL uuLIenLIcuLIon mIgIL suIIIce In u IocuI AN, buL reuIIy Isn'L mucI beLLer LIun no uuLIenLIcuLIon uL uII. A moderuLeIy sLronger wuy Lo do LIIngs wouId be Lo use MD sums InsLeud oI LIe pusswords LIemseIves Lo do LIe cIeckIng. Add LIe IIne uuLI=MD 22 Lo LIe IrIend deIInILIon Lo muke sure LIe pussword ILseII Isn'L open Lo LIe uveruge snIIIer. I we need Lo uccepL IosLs over LIe nLerneL, wILI wIuLever P uddress LIey Iuppen Lo Iuve uL LIe momenL, we probubIy wunL someLIIng preLLy sLrong. n LIIs cuse RSA pubIIc keyJprIvuLe key uuLIenLIcuLIon Is LIe besL meLIod Lo ensure LIe InLegrILy oI your pIone neLwork. SeLLIng up RSA encrypLIon does Luke u Iew exLru sLeps. You musL Iuve openssI InsLuIIed on LIe sysLem Lo proceed. TIe sLep IIrsL Is Lo generuLe u pubIIcJprIvuLe key seL Ior use In LIe uuLIenLIcuLIon process. You wIII use LIe IncIuded uLIIILy usLgenkey Lo do LIIs. To run LIe keygen, run usLgenkey uL u sIeII prompL. TIe progrum wIII prompL you Ior u key nume. TIIs wIII be LIe nume oI LIe key us reIerenced In Iux.conI. oIIowIng LIuL, LIe progrum wIII prompL you Lo enLer your PEM key LIree LImes. TIIs wIII be LIe key pIruse used Lo 'InIL keys' on usLerIsk sLurLup. III In LIese vuIues. TIe progrum wIII exIL, generuLIng Lwo IIIes, keynume.key und keynume.pub. Keynume.key Is LIe prIvuLe key, und wIII be sLored IocuIIy (on LIe cIIenL.) Keynume.pub Is LIe pubIIc key, und sIouId be sLored on LIe AsLerIsk server. Copy LIe prIvuLe key Lo JvurJIIbJusLerIskJkeys on LIe IocuI (cIIenL) mucIIne, und send LIe pubIIc key Lo LIe server mucIIne. PIuce LIe pubIIc key In LIe sume IocuLIon, JvurJIIbJusLerIskJkeys. To seL up usLerIsk Lo muke use oI LIese keys, cIunge LIe 'uuLI' IIne In our sumpIe conIIg ubove Lo reud: uuLI=rsu und udd LIe IoIIowIng IIne: Inkeys=keynume On LIe cIIenL sIde, udd LIe IIne: ouLkeys=keynume In u convenIenL pIuce In Iux.conI ( normuIIy puL ouLkeys beIore LIe IIrsL cIIenL deIInILIon.) TIe IInuI opLIons uvuIIubIe on u per cIIenL busIs reIuLe Lo LIe CuII DeLuII Records uccounLubIIILy und bIIIIng sysLem. You muy seL LIe umuIIugs Lo one oI deIuuIL, omIL, bIIIIng or documenLuLIon. You muy uIso specIIy LIe uccounL code Lo uLLucI uII cuIIs Irom u purLIcuIur cIIenL Lo. TIose opLIons sIouId serve Lo demonsLruLe LIe uvuIIubIe purumeLers Ior AX cIIenL deIInILIons. More compIeLe IIne-by-IIne exumpIes ure beIow. As menLIoned beIore, LIere ure some generuI opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo IIne Lune LIe operuLIons oI LIe AX sysLem. TIese opLIons uppeur In LIe 'generuI' secLIon oI LIe IIIe. By convenLIon, generuI opLIons ure seL beIore uny cIIenL deIInILIons. TIe opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo Lune LIe server beIuvIor ure porL und bInduddr. PorL specIIIes 23 LIe P porL number Lo IIsLen on, normuIIy o6. TIe bInduddr keyword specIIIes u purLIcuIur P uddress Lo bInd Lo umong uvuIIubIe InLerIuces und uIIuses on LIe IosL sysLem. DeIuuILs cun be seL Ior LIe umuIIugs und uccounLcode opLIons. TIese opLIons In LIe generuI secLIon wIII uppIy Lo uII cIIenLs LIuL do noL Iuve LIem specIIIcuIIy overrIdden wILIIn LIIer cIIenL deIInILIon . TIere ure some opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo Lune LIe perIormunce oI LIe AX sLuck, purLIcuIurIy useIuI In sysLems usIng VoP over consLrIcLed connecLIons or very Iong nLerneL rouLes. OpLIons cun be seL Lo conLroI wIIcI codecs ure ever used. AsLerIsk wIII uLLempL Lo seIecL LIe besL codec und ruLe Ior LIe uvuIIubIe connecLIon. TIe sImpIesL wuy Lo seL LIIs Is Lo use LIe bundwIdLI keyword, wIIcI Lukes one oI LIe uvuIuIbIe opLIons IIgI, medIum, or Iow. NoLe LIuL LIIs opLIon wIII overrIde specIIIc uIIowJdIsuuIow opLIons. or IIner-gruIned conLroI oI codecs, use LIe uIIow und dIsuIIow keywords, und commenL ouL LIe bundwIdLI keyword. TIe uvuIIubIe codecs ure gsm (wIIcI Is generuIIy preIerred, us IL oIIers exceIIenL voIce quuIILy In u IuIrIy compucL sLreum,) Ipc1o (wIIcI Is smuIIer sLIII, buL sounds mecIunIcuI or roboLIc Lo mosL eurs,) und g;z.1. NoLe LIuL due Lo puLenL resLrIcLIons, AsLerIsk cunnoL encode or decode g;z.1 InLernuIIy, LIougI IL cun connecL cIIenLs LogeLIer LIuL use LIIs codec. n uddILIon, you muy uIIow uII, wIIcI Is LIe sume us bundwIdLI=IIgI. or even IIner conLroI oI AX beIuvIor, you cun udjusL some seLLIngs Lo conLroI LIe jILLer buIIer. TIe jILLer buIIer LrIes Lo compensuLe Ior LIe vurIuLIon In LImes beLween puckeLs, so LIuL LIe sound doesn'L breuk wIen u puckeL Lukes u Iew mIIIIseconds Ionger LIun LIe prevIous. You cun Lurn oII LIe jILLer buIIer enLIreIy, LIougI LIIs Is noL reuIIy recommended. OLIerwIse, you cun seL LIe muxImum sIze oI LIe jILLer buIIer, LIe muxImum drop ruLe (LIe ruLe uL wIIcI puckeLs ure dropped Lo reduce IuLency), und LIe muxImum excess buIIer. SeLLIng LIe muxImum jILLer buIIer cun Improve perIormunce und reduce memory consumpLIon. By deIuuIL, we use u vuIue oI oo, wIIcI works Ior mosL connecLIons. SeLLIng LIe drop ruLe cun Improve IuLency uL LIe expense oI u bIL oI quuIILy. RuIsIng LIe drop ruLe wIII cuuse AsLerIsk Lo drop puckeLs (poLenLIuIIy producIng 'breuks' In LIe uudIo) In order Lo reduce LIe IuLency oI LIe conversuLIon und reduce LIe jILLer buIIer (und Ience, LIe memory usuge.) SeLLIng LIe muxImum excess jILLer buIIer wIII cuuse AsLerIsk Lo uLLempL Lo muInLuIn un empLy buIIer oI LIe sIze deIIned, by more uggressIveIy droppIng puckeLs Lo Iorce LIe buIIer Lo sIrInk. n LIe cuse oI LIe deIuuIL vuIues (jILLerbuIIer=oo, muxexcessbuIIer=1oo) AsLerIsk wIII Lry Lo sIowIy sIrInk LIe jILLer buIIer wIen usuge exceeds qoo. TIe IusL opLIons In LIe generuI secLIon reIuLe Lo regIsLruLIon wILI unoLIer server. RegIsLerIng Is noL necessury II LIe cIIenL Is specIIIed by specIIIc P. I LIe cIIenL Is dynumIc, IL wIII Iuve Lo regIsLer Lo LIe IosL so LIe server cun IInd IL wIen u cuII urrIves. RegIsLruLIon cun be done wILI or wILIouL uuLIenLIcuLIon, oI course. TIe IormuL oI u regIsLer enLry Is IIke LIIs: wILI no pussword: regIsLer => cIIenLusLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neL wILI u pussword (pIuInLexL or MD): regIsLer => cIIenL:pusswordusLerIsk.wIdgeL.neL 24 usIng RSA: regIsLer => cIIenL:|keynume|usLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neL RegIsLerIng Iuppens on LIe peer sIde, so LIuL LIe server cun puss cuIIs Lo LIe cIIenL. n LIe cuse oI u IrIend (or user) LIe pussword or key nume wIII uIso need Lo be used In exLensIons.conI Lo puss cuIIs Lo LIe server. More Is uvuIIubIe on LIuL In LIe secLIon on exLensIons.conI. Now, IeL's Iook uL u compIeLe sImpIe exumpIe. ;Up Iere uL LIe Lop, we'II seL LIe generuI opLIons. TIIs Lug denoLes LIe begInnIng oI LIe ;generuI secLIon |generuI| ;we'II seL LIe porL und P Ior LIe server porL=o6 ;n LIIs cuse, wunL Lo IIsLen on uII InLerIuces, so commenL LIIs ouL ;bInduddr=1qz.168.o.1 ;we'II seL some deIuuIL uccounLubIIILy opLIons umuIIugs=deIuuIL uccounLcode=corpInLernuIo1 ;now we'II geL Lo LIe codec opLIons ;LIIs opLIon Is commenLed ouL, we'II use uIIowJdIsuIIow InsLeud ;bundwIdLI=Iow ;uIIow onIy cerLuIn codecs dIsuIIow=g;z.1 dIsuIIow=Ipc1o uIIow=gsm ;und seL some jILLer buIIer opLIons ;LIIs Is unnecessury, IL's deIuuIL uIreudy jILLerbuIIer=yes ;LIe IncIuded IIIes use LIree, buL perIups my connecLIon Ius Loo muny Iops dropcounL= ;seL u sune muxImum, Lo uvoId runuwuy memory muxjILLerbuIIer=oo ;und IeL IL know wIen Lo 'soILIy' puII LIe jILLer buIIer down, so IL doesn'L run ouL und geL ;ugIy muxexcessbuIIer=1oo ; Iuve u coupIe oI sIsLer servers LIuL um u peer Lo. One Is InLernuI und LIe oLIer Is u ;remoLe InLerneL IosL ; use pIuInLexL InsIde, cuuse LrusL my neLwork (Iumous IusL words) 25 regIsLer => server1:IIoodIeserverz.wIdgeL.neL ;over LIe neL Is u dIIIerenL sLory, 'II use RSA Ior LIuL regIsLer => server1:|mykey|remoLeserver.wIdgeL.neL ;Don'L IorgeL Lo Ioud my RSA key(s) ouLkeys=mykey:myoLIerkey ;Now cun sLurL wILI LIe cIIenLs. ;un P pIone LIuL onIy rIngs, buL cun'L be cuIIed LIrougI. SInce IL onIy recIeves cuIIs Irom ;me, IL's u peer |LroubIe| Lype=peer IosL=1qz.168.o.1 ;In LIIs cuse, um u user...Iere's wIuL 'II send IIm Lo uuLIenLIcuLe us IIs user usernume=server1 secreL=Ioo_bur ; Iuve unoLIer pIone LIuL's u user. never rIng IL, buL L cun be used Lo dIuI oLIers |dIuIouL| Lype=user secreL=bur_Ioo ;jusL Lo be on LIe suIe sIde uuLI=md ;IL Ius Lo regIsLer, becuuse don'L know wIere IL Is IosL=dynumIc ;excepL LIuL IL beLLer be In my AN uIIow=1qz.168.o.1Jz.z.z.o deny=o.o.o.oJo.o.o.o ;LIe boss wunL's Lo know Iow mucI LIIs pIone geLs used uccounLcode=dIuIouL1 umuIIugs=documenLuLIon ;und 'II seL LIe cuIIer D on IL, us weII cuIIerId="BusemenL PIone" <(zq) 6; 8qo1> ;LIe mujorILy oI my Iux cIIenLs wIII be IrIends, us we'II puss cuIIs buck und IorLI ;you'II recognIzer LIese Lwo, becuuse regIsLer Lo LIem us u peer so LIey cun gIve me cuIIs ; won'L seL cuIIer Ds, even LIougI LIey ure users, becuuse LIey'II puss me LIIer own |serverz| Lype=IrIend uuLI=pIuInLexL secreL=buI_Iumbug uIIow=1qz.168.o.1Jz.z.z.o deny=o.o.o.oJo.o.o.o |remoLeserver| Lype=IrIend uuLI=md Inkeys=remoLekey IosL=dynumIc ; cun seL u deIuuIL, In cuse IL Iusn'L regIsLered yeL, 'II Lry LIIs. 26 deIuuILIp=z.1zz.1qq.z SeLLIng up SP cIunneIs TIe sIp.conI IIIe Is JeLcJusLerIsk Is used Lo conIIgure SeLLIng up H.z cIunneIs TIIs secLIon Ius noL yeL been wrILLen ConIigoring Applicutions TIe more compIex uppIIcuLIon servIces need Lo be conIIgured prIor Lo use. n LIIs cIupLer, we wIII prepure voIcemuII, seL up conIerence brIdges, und conIIgure LIe musIc on IoId sysLem Ior our conIIguruLIon. VoIcemuII - TIe voIcemuII sysLem Is conIIgured In LIe IIIe 'voIcemuII.conI.` n LIIs IIIe, MuIIboxes ure ussocIuLed wILI un owner's nume, pussword, und un e-muII uddress Lo noLIIy wIen u new messuge Is receIved. A muIIbox musL be creuLed Ior LIe user us weII. TIe IusLesL wuy Lo creuLe u muIIbox Is Lo use LIe 'uddmuIIbox' scrIpL provIded by LIe AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon. SImpIy run LIIs uppIIcuLIon us rooL (or someone wIo Ius wrILe permIssIons Lo JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvm.) L wIII prompL Ior u muIIbox number. EnLer LIe number, und LIe scrIpL wIII creuLe LIe dIrecLory JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvmJ|boxnumber| und copy LIe deIuuIL busy, unuvuIIubIe, und greeLIng messuges (Iound In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds) Lo LIIs dIrecLory. ConIIguruLIon Is necessury In voIcemuII.conI, us weII. EucI muIIbox sIouId Iuve un enLry In LIe voIcemuII.conI IIIe In LIIs IormuL. |muIIboxnumber| => |pusskey|,|User Nume|,|emuIIuddress.com| 6161 => 1zq,Jumes MurdocI,jmurdocIwIdgeLs.com TIe pusskey wIII be used wIen LIe box owner needs Lo uccess IIs voIce messuges over LIe pIone. TIe usernume Is reIerenced by LIe DIrecLory uppIIcuLIon (more on LIuL In LIe secLIon on dIrecLory.) TIe IusL enLry Is LIe emuII uddress LIe messuge wuILIng noLIIIcuLIon sIouId be senL Lo. ConIerence BrIdges - ConIerence BrIdges ure conIIgured In LIe IIIe meeLme.conI. n meeLme.conI we IIsL LIe conIerence rooms uvuIIubIe. EucI conIerence room Ius u number, wIIcI wIII be reIerenced wIen LIe uppIIcuLIon Is cuIIed Irom wILIIn exLensIons.conI. TIe uppIIcuLIon cun uIso be cuIIed wILIouL u room number, In wIIcI cuse LIe cuIIer wIII be prompLed Ior u room number. TIe IormuL oI meeLme.conI Is: conI => |roomnumber| 27 Room number cun be uny numerIc sLrIng. Once u room Ius been deIIned In meeLme.conI, IL Is uvuIIubIe Lo LIe meeLme uppIIcuLIon. MusIc On HoId - TIe MusIc On HoId uppIIcuLIon provIdes buckground uudIo Ior purked or IeId cuIIs, und durIng cuII LrunsIers. AudIo IIIes ure sLored In LIe common mp IormuL, LypIcuIIy In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp. MuILIpIe 'cIusses' cun be conIIgured und used, eucI wILI dIIIerenL uudIo IIIe coIIecLIons. ConIIgurIng MusIc on HoId CIusses ure conIIgured In JeLcJusLerIskJmusIconIoId.conI. EucI cIuss sLuLemenL comes In LIIs IormuL: |cIussnume| => mp:|JIuIIJpuLIJLoJmpJdIr|, |exLru urgs Lo mpg1z| CIussnume wIII be LIe nume reIerenced In exLensIons.conI (see SeLMusIcOnHoId) CurrenLIy, Lwo muIn pIuybuck modes exIsL, mp und quIeLmp. QuIeLmp Is IdenLIcuI Lo mp, excepL LIuL IL reduces LIe voIume by ; percenL. TIe puLI sIouId Ieud Lo un uccessIbIe dIrecLory conLuInIng one or more mp IIIes. By deIuuIL, IIIes wIII be pIuyed In uIpIunumerIc order. ArgumenLs cun be pussed Lo mpg1z, uILer LIe puLI deIInILIon. A common use wouId be Lo puL mpg1z In sIuIIIe or rundom mode wILI LIe '-z' opLIons rundom => mp:JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp, -z We ure uIreudy usIng LIe -q, -s, --mono, und -r opLIons, und seLLIng LIe sumpIIng ruLe Lo 8ooo. Be cureIuI noL Lo overrIde LIese opLIons bIIndIy. TIe AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId urcIILecLure depends on LIe very common Iree mpeg uudIo decoder progrum 'mpg1z.' TIougI mosL dIsLrIbuLIons sIIp wILI LIIs progrum by deIuuIL, IL muy need Lo be InsLuIIed on LIe IocuI sysLem. Some newer sysLems Iuve repIuced mpg1z wILI u work-uIIke progrum cuIIed 'mpgz1.' TIIs progrum does noL work Ior AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId, becuuse IL does noL properIy ImpIemenL some oI LIe resumpIIng IeuLures used Lo generuLe pIone quuIILy mono uudIo. I you experIence 'druggIng' uudIo IIIes LIuL pIuy buck uL Iower speeds LIun LIey sIouId, LIIs Is mosL IIkeIy LIe probIem. BuIIdIng LIe dIuI pIun - exLensIons.conI ExLensIons.conI Is dIvIded InLo secLIons by conLexL. EucI secLIon begIns wILI LIe conLexL nume, IoIIowed by LIe IIsL oI exLensIons wILIIn LIuL conLexL, und uny IncIudes LIuL wIII udded. CommenLs ure proceeded by u semIcoIon (;), noL LIe more common IusI (#), becuuse LIuL's u dIgIL. A LypIcuI PBX exLensIon Lukes u cuIIer LIrougI u number oI sLeps. A common desk exLensIon, Ior InsLunce, wIII rIng u pIone Ior u perIod oI LIme, LIen roII over Lo voIcemuII. AILer voIcemuII, II LIe cuIIer does noL dIsconnecL, we mIgIL wunL Lo cIrcIe LIe cuIIer buck Lo un eurIIer menu, sucI us LIe enLry menu LIuL oIIers u dIrecLory. 28 WILIIn AsLerIsk, eucI exLensIon Is u numbered IIsL oI uppIIcuLIons Lo run. NOTE: TIere ure u sIzubIe number oI uppIIcuLIons uvuIIubIe. TIIs cIupLer does noL uLLempL Lo documenL LIe upps LIemseIves. See 'AppendIx B: AppIIcuLIons' Ior deLuIIed InIormuLIon ubouL eucI uppIIcuLIon. Every ucLIon LIe PBX Lukes Is un uppIIcuLIon, Irom sImpIe upps IIke DIuI (dIuI u cIunneI, und connecL LIe Lwo cIunneIs II unyone unswers) Lo more compIex IuncLIons, sucI us receIvIng u voIcemuII messuge Irom LIe cuIIer. We cuII eucI sLep oI LIe exLensIon LIe prIorILy. Here's u sImpIe exumpIe oI u mosLIy compIeLe desk exLensIon. ;Run dIuI on u specIIIed cIunneI (rIng u pIone) ;n LIIs cuse, we ure rIngIng ZupLeI cIunneI 1z, ;Ior zo seconds beIore movIng Lo prIorILy z exLen => 6ooo,1,DIuI,ZupJ1z]zo ;Imm, no one unswered. guess we'II jusL Luke u messuge. exLen => 6ooo,z,VoIcemuII,u6ooo UsIng LIe second IeveI oI prIorILIes Ior busy cIunneIs, we cun creuLe u dIIIerenL response wIen uII cIunneIs reIerenced ure busy. We use LIe prIorILy serIes 1XX. exLen => 1oz,VoIcemuII,b6ooo n LIIs exumpIe, LIe onIy LIIng cIunged wus LIe roIIover messuge wIen we go Lo voIcemuII, InsLeud oI pIuyIng u messuge suyIng LIe person Is unuvuIIubIe, we pIuyed u messuge suyIng LIe person Is busy. Speciul Ixtensions AsLerIsk Ius LIree specIuI exLensIons IL Iooks Ior under deIIned cIrcumsLunces. TIe 's' exLensIon Is used Ior 'sLurL.' WIen u cuIIer urrIves In u conLexL wILIouL goIng Lo u purLIcuIur exLensIon. AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior 's' und run LIuL exLensIon. or exumpIe, wIen AsLerIsk unswers u rIngIng ouLsIde IIne, IL wIII sLurL wILI exLensIon s In LIe InILIuI conLexL Ior LIuL cIunneI. or exumpIe: ;pIuy u 'TIunks Ior cuIIIng' uudIo IIIe. exLen => s,1,PIuybuck,LIunksIor As soon us AsLerIsk unswers u IIne In LIIs conLexL, IL wIII pIuy buck LIe specIIIed uudIo IIIe. ExLensIon 'L' Is used wIen u cuIIer LImes ouL, sucI us wIIIe wuILIng Ior user InpuL. WILIouL LIe 'L' exLensIon, AsLerIsk wIII dump u cuIIer once LIe LImeouL Is reucIed. UsIng LIIs exLensIon, we cun properIy IundIe LIIs condILIon. TIIs exLensIon wIII recIrcuIuLe LIe cuIIer Lo LIe sLurL exLensIon Ior IIs conLexL. exLen => L,1,GoLo,s]1 TIe LIIrd specIuI exLensIon Is 'I', used wIen u cuIIer dIuIs un InvuIId exLensIon, one wIIcI does noL exIsL In LIe cuIIers conLexL. 29 exLen => I,1,PIuybuck,InvuIId exLen => I,z,GoLo,s]1 TIe IuLesL specIuI exLensIon Is 'o` Lo go Lo un operuLor. TIIs exLensIon Is used wILIIn LIe VoIcemuII uppIIcuLIon. I u user presses zero durIng LIe VoIcemuII dIuIog, AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior un exLensIon 'o` wIIcI wouId presumubIy be u GoLo or sImIIur Lo Luke LIe cuIIer Lo LIe recepLIonIsL`s pIone. exLen => o,1,GoLo,6ooo wIere 6ooo wouId be LIe recepLIonIsL`s exLensIon (or wIereever you wouId wunL Lo send LIe cuIIer. Inclodes und Gotos ncIudes und GoLos provIde IIexIbIIILy wILIIn LIe dIuI pIun. TIe IncIude sLuLemenL mukes exLensIons In one conLexL uvuIIubIe Lo unoLIer, opLIonuIIy wILI u LIme urgumenL. TIe busIc Iorm Is : IncIude => unoLIerconLexL TIuL sLuLemenL wIII uncondILIonuIIy oIIer uII LIe exLensIons In 'unoLIerconLexL' Lo cuIIers In LIe IncIudIng conLexL. TIme purumeLers udded Lo IncIudes cun uIIow us Lo muke exLensIons uvuIIubIe durIng purLs oI LIe duy. We cun cIunge LIe menu our cuIIers receIve by IncIudIng conLexLs wILI dIIIerenL 's' exLensIons durIng ouL oI busIness Iours, or onIy uIIow use oI some servIces durIng cerLuIn purLs oI LIe duy. We cun suppIy LIese LIme dependunL urgumenLs Lo IncIude conLexLs durIng cerLuIn LImes or duys. IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]LIme-runge]duy-runge]duys oI monLI]monLIs IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]oq:oo-18:oo]mon-wed,IrI]]1-11 Spuns muy be IndIcuLed wILI u dusI, sucI us mon-IrI, und sepuruLed wILI u commu, sucI us mon-wed,IrI. Any LIme cun be specIIIed wILI u wIIdcurd. TIe ubove IncIude sLuLemenL uppIIes beLween LIe Iours oI qum und 6pm (18:oo), on Monduy LIougI Wednesduy und rIduy, Junuury LIrougI November. GoLos ure used Lo go Irom uny exLensIon In LIe dIuI pIun Lo uny oLIer exLensIon. GoLos cun jump Lo exLensIons In LIe sume or oLIer conLexLs, und Lo specIIIc prIorILIes wILIIn LIe LurgeL exLensIon. TIe IormuL Is: GoLo,conLexL]exLensIon]prIorILy NoL uII vuIues ure necessury. GoLo wIII ussume one urgumenL Is u prIorILy, Lwo urgumenLs ure un exLensIon und prIorILy, und LIree urgumenLs ure conLexL, exLensIon und prIorILy. 'GoLo,1' wIII jump Lo prIorILy one In LIe sume exLensIon, wIIIe 30 'GoLo,s]1' wIII jump Lo LIe 's' exLensIon, prIorILy 1, In LIe sume conLexL. 'GoLo,IocuI]s]1' wIII jump Lo LIe IocuI conLexL, exLrensIon s, prIorILy 1. GoLo Is useIuI wIen you need Lo move u cuIIer Lo u purLIcuIur exLensIon, or wIen u cuIIer In one conLexL needs uccess Lo un exLensIon In unoLIer conLexL, buL noL uII oI LIe exLensIons In LIuL conLexL. Ixtension mutching - n some cuses, we muy wunL Lo rouLe cuIIs bused on purL oI LIe exLensIon dIuIed. We couId need Lo puss uII exLensIons begInnIng wILI '6' Lo unoLIer server, or jump Lo unoLIer conLexL Lo rouLe cerLuIn exLensIons wILIouL IncIudIng LIe enLIre conLexL. CommonIy, we wIII need Lo rouLe uII cuIIs begInnIng wILI 'q' In LIe sume wuy, pussIng LIem Lo un ouLsIde IIne. or LIIs purpose, AsLerIsk IeuLures un exLensIon wIIdcurd sysLem Lo muLcI purLs oI dIuIed exLensIons. or InsLunce, we mIgIL sImpIy wunL Lo rouLe unyone pressIng q Lo un ouLsIde IIne, und IeL LIem send LIe resL oI LIeIr dIgILs sLruIgIL Lo our servIce provIder. I we proceed un exLensIon wILI un underscore (_) AsLerIsk wIII InLerpreL LIuL exLensIon us u wIIdcurd. DIgILs wIII be muLcIed exucLIy, und Lwo muLcIIng symboIs wIII be uvuIIubIe, 'N' und 'X.' 'N' muLcIes uny dIgIL greuLer LIun 1. 'X' muLcIes uny dIgIL. n our sumpIe, we cun uIIow cuIIers Lo uccess LIe ouLsIde IIne und puss uny pIone number Lo LIe servIce provIder wILI LIIs exLensIon muLcI: exLen => _qNXXXXXX,1,SLrIpMSD,1 exLen => _NXXXXXX,1,DIuI,ZupJgzJBYEXTENSON n LIIs cuse, we muLcIed uny exLensIon begInnIng wILI q, IoIIowed by u number greuLer LIun 1, und u LoLuI oI 8 dIgILs IncIudIng LIe q, dIrecLIy Lo gz. TIe gz wouId IndIcuLe group #z In zupuLu.conI. AssumpLIveIy, LIuL wouId be LIe group conLuInIng our ouLsIde (XO) InLerIuces. TIIs muLcI Is quILe specIIIc, und wIII onIy uIIow IocuI cuIIs (In LIe US, uL IeusL.) SInce LIe muLcI excIudes 1 us LIe IIrsL dIgIL uILer LIe nIne, LIIs exLensIon wIII onIy muLcI IocuI cuIIs, und wIII noL uIIow cuIIers Lo uccess Iong dIsLunce. BYEXTENSON LeIIs AsLerIsk Lo connecL LIe specIIIed cIunneI, und send LIe dIgIL sLrIng wIoIe Lo LIe receIvIng cIunneI. n LIIs cuse, LIIs meuns LIuL wIen u muLcI Is Iound, open cIunneI gz (or ucLuuIIy, LIe IIrsL uvuIIubIe cIunneI In group z) und pusses LIe pIone number Lo LIe oLIer end oI LIe cIunneI. TIe SLrIpMSD uppIIcuLIon sLrIps LIe IIrsL dIgIL Irom LIe number beIore sendIng, so LIuL LIe nIne Isn'L senL Lo LIe provIde, wIIcI oI course wouId mungIe LIe cuII und geL un error messuge buck. We cun sepuruLeIy muLcI Iong dIsLunce cuIIs (In LIe US) by creuLIng u muLcI Lo _q1NXXNXXXXXX. TIuL wouId muLcI uny domesLIc Iong dIsLunce cuII, buL wouId noL muLcI un InLernuLIonuI cuII. MuLcIIng InLernuLIonuI cuIIs cun geL very LrIcky, us dIIIerenL counLrIes use dIIIerenL numberIng scIemes, und u Iew counLrIes, sucI us Germuny, do noL Iuve u unIversuI IengLI Ior pIone numbers. or mosL compunIes, sImpIy uIIowIng u group oI cIunneIs uccess Lo uII 31 InLernuLIonuI cuIIs Is suIIIcIenL. SImpIy gIvIng LrusLed users open uccess Lo LIe ouLsIde IIne, wILI u muLcI Ior _qX, couId do LIuL. However, II you wIsI Lo specIIIcuIIy resLrIcL InLernuLIonuI cuIIs Lo cerLuIn counLrIes, you muy creuLe exLensIon muLcIes conLuInIng counLry codes, und Iuve uLLempLs Lo dIuI unupproved counLrIes resuIL In no muLcI. Breuking down un extension. EucI exLensIon consIsLs oI u serIes oI prIorILIes. n eucI prIorILy, un uppIIcuLIon Is cuIIed. EucI uppIIcuLIon muy Luke opLIonuI urgumenLs, sucI us u voIce muII box Ior LIe voIcemuII upp, und cIunneIs pussed Lo LIe dIuI upp. TIe IormuL oI u sIngIe prIorILy Is: exLen => |exLen|,|prIorILy|,|uppIIcuLIon|,|urgumenLs| ookIng uL u sumpIe desk exLensIon cIoseIy, we cun see Iow LIese IInes come LogeLIer. or LIe IIrsL prIorILy, we run LIe 'DIuI' uppIIcuLIon, pussIng us un urgumenL LIe cIunneI Lo dIuI und u LImeouL In seconds. More ubouL LIe DIuI upp cun be Iound In AppendIx B, AppIIcuLIons. exLen => 6o;o,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o]zo AssumIng no one unswers, we'II IuII LIrougI Lo LIe nexL prIorILy. n LIe nexL prIorILy, we run LIe VoIcemuII upp, pussIng u voIcemuII box us un urgumenL. exLen => 6o;o,z,VoIcemuII,u6o;o TIe voIcemuII uppIIcuLIon wIII uuLomuLIcuIIy dIsconnecL LIe cuIIer uILer LIe messuge Is receIved. u6o;o LeIIs voIcemuII Lo pIuy LIe unuvuIIubIe messuge, us opposed Lo LIe busy (b6o;o) messuge. More ubouL voIcemuII cun be Iound In AppendIx B, AppIIcuLIons. I LIe pIone IIne Is busy, AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior LIe nexL prIorILy, +1oo. I PrIorILy 1, DIuI, IInds LIe LurgeL cIunneI busy, IL wIII Iook Ior prIorILy 1oz, InsLeud oI prIorILy z. TIe sImpIesL use oI LIIs Is Lo cIunge LIe messuge pIuyed by LIe voIcemuII. We mIgIL uIso oIIer LIem LIe opporLunILy Lo wuIL, und Lry uguIn uILer some umounL oI LIme. We cun do LIIs: exLen => 6o;o,1oz,VoIcemuII,b6o;o Lsing Asterisk to creute luyered Voice Response Menos UsIng conLexL swILcIIng und GoLos, AsLerIsk cun be conIIgured Lo creuLe Iuyered voIce menus. A LypIcuI use Ior LIIs wouId be Lo prompL peopIe cuIIIng LIe compuny number, und guLIer InIormuLIon Irom LIem Lo rouLe LIeIr cuII correcLIy. We cun creuLe u voIce response menu on exLensIon 's' Ior our IncomIng cuIIers. We use LIe sIsLer uppIIcuLIons PIuybuck und Buckground Lo pIuy voIce prompLs. PIuybuck und Buckground dIIIer onIy In LIuL Buckground excepLs user InpuL wIIIe pIuyIng, und PIuybuck Ignores dIgIL presses Irom LIe user. We cun 'PIuybuck' u sIorL weIcome, LIen buckground LIe menu ILseII. PerIups u coupIe oI depurLmenLs Iuve LIeIr own specIuI menus, Lo presenL opLIons specIIIc Lo LIose depurLmenLs. We cun use GoLo's Lo jump Irom LIIs menu Lo LIe 's' exLensIon In unoLIer conLexL wIere LIe nexL menu resIdes. 32 |sLurL| IncIude => desks exLen => s,1,PIuybuck,weIcome exLen => s,z,Buckground,menu1 exLen => s,,WuIL,zo exLen => s,q,GoLo,s]z exLen => 1,1,GoLo.suIes]s]1 exLen => z,1,GoLo,sIIppIng]s]1 exLen => ,1,GoLo,supporL]s]1 exLen => q,1,DIrecLory,desks Here, we muke LIem IIsLen Lo u weIcome messuge (TIunks Ior cuIIIng . . . ). We IoIIow LIuL by buckgroundIng u menu, so LIuL LIe cuIIer pIck LIeIr cIoIce us soon us LIey Ieur IL. AILer pIuyIng LIe menu, we'II wuIL zo seconds, und pIuy IL uguIn. ExLensIon 1 jumps Lo u suIes depurLmenL conLexL conLuInIng IL's own menu sysLem. ExLensIons z und jump Lo sImIIur conLexLs Ior sIIppIng und supporL. ExLensIon q runs LIe DIrecLory uppIIcuLIon, wIIcI uLLempLs Lo muLcI u cuIIer wILI LIe correcL exLensIon bused on LIe nume oI LIe person LIey ure LryIng Lo reucI (AppendIx B). I we muke 'sLurL' LIe InILIuI conLexL Ior IncomIng cuIIs, LIIs menu wIII uuLomuLIcuIIy be pIuyed wIen u cuII Is receIved. We couId uIso IncIude sLurL unoLIer conLexL und muke LIe exLensIon 's' uvuIIubIe LIuL wuy. n order Lo muke dIrecL dIuIIng oI desk exLensIons possIbIe, we uIso IncIuded LIe 'desks' conLexL, wIIcI In LIIs cuse sIouId be u conLexL wILI LIe dIrecL dIuI exLensIons Ior eucI oI our empIoyees. CusLom uudIo IIIes cun be creuLed wILI LIe Record uppIIcuLIon. We cun creuLe un exLensIon Lo record un uudIo IIIe, und use LIose IIIes wILI LIe pIuybuck und buckground upps Lo cusLomIze LIe menus und prompLs Ior u PBX. exLen => ooo,1,Record,Ioo]gsm TIuL exLensIon wIII record u IIIe 'Ioo.gsm' In LIe deIuuIL sounds dIrecLory. See AppendIx B. Setting op some initiul deIuolts OILen, we muy wunL Lo seL some InILIuI deIuuILs Ior vurIous beIuvIours. A number oI uppIIcuLIons ure uvuIIubIe Lo seL up sucI LIIngs us LImeouLs und musIc on IoId cIusses. TIe 's' exLensIon Is oILen used Ior LIIs purpose. ;seL some deIuuILs exLen => s,1,SeLResponseTImouL,zo exLen => s,z,SeLDIgILTImeouL,1o exLen => s,,SeLMusIcOnHoId,deIuuIL ;LIe menu exLen => s,q,PIuybuck,weIcome exLen => s,,Buckground,menu1 exLen => s,6,WuIL,zo exLen => s,;,GoLo,s] 33 ;LIe opLIons exLen => 1,1,GoLo.suIes]s]1 exLen => z,1,GoLo,sIIppIng]s]1 exLen => ,1,GoLo,supporL]s]1 exLen => q,1,DIrecLory,desks ;specIuI exLensIons exLen => L,1,GoLo,s] exLen => I,1,PIuybuck,InvuIId exLen => I,z,GoLo,s] Bringing it ull together - u sumple Iile. WILI our dIuIpIun desIgned, we cun creuLe un exLensIons.conI IIIe. A sImpIe exLensIon.conI IIIe mIgIL be u sIngIe conLexL, buL mosL wIII need more conLexLs. TIIs sIouId provIde u decenL exumpIe oI LIe Iow u smuII busIness sysLem wouId be IuId ouL. ;LIe sLurLIng conLexL Ior IncomIng cuIIs |sLurL| ;seL some deIuuILs exLen => s,1,SeLResponseTImouL,zo exLen => s,z,SeLDIgILTImeouL,1o exLen => s,,SeLMusIcOnHoId,deIuuIL ;LIe menu exLen => s,q,PIuybuck,weIcome exLen => s,,Buckground,menu1 exLen => s,6,WuIL,zo exLen => s,;,GoLo,s] ;LIe opLIons exLen => 1,1,GoLo.suIes]s]1 exLen => z,1,GoLo,sIIppIng]s]1 exLen => ,1,GoLo,supporL]s]1 exLen => q,1,DIrecLory,desks ;specIuI exLensIons exLen => L,1,GoLo,s] exLen => I,1,PIuybuck,InvuIId exLen => I,z,GoLo,s] ;our empIoyees exLensIons |desks| exLen => 6o;o,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o]zo exLen => 6o;o,z,VoIcemuII,u6o;o exLen => 6o;o,1oz,VoIcemuII,b6o;o exLen => 6o;1,1,DIuI,ZupJ11]zo exLen => 6o;1,z,VoIcemuII,u6o;1 exLen => 6o;1,1oz,VoIcemuII,b6o;1 34 ;more sImIIur enLrIes Ior eucI empIoyee |servIce| ;puL some InLernuI servIces In LIIs conLexL exLen => 8oo,1,VoIcemuIIMuIn exLen => 86oo,1,MeeLme,86oo exLen => 86o1,1,MeeLme,86o1 exLen => 86oz,1,MeeLme,86oz ;und LIe exLensIon Lo dIuI ouL cun be Iere Loo. exLen => q,1,DIuI,ZupJgzJBYEXTENSON ;creuLe Lwo conLexLs Lo be used us InILIuI conLexLs ;we use IncIudes Lo conLroI wIo geLs wIIcI servIces |IocuI| ;LIIs wIII be our conLexLs Ior IncomIng cuIIs IncIude => sLurL IncIude => desks |deIuuIL| ;LIIs Is our conLexL Ior InLernuI users ;dIuI Lone conLInues uILer LIey dIuI q IgnorepuL => q IncIude => desks IncIude => servIce ;gIve uccess Lo cuII purkIng. See uppendIx B IncIude => purkedcuIIs TIuL conIIguruLIon wouId provIde u sImpIe Irumework Ior u PBX. Advunced IeuLures couId be udded Lo IL Lo enIunce LIe IuncLIonuIILy. One LIuL muy muke sense Ior muny InsLuIIuLIons Is DIrecL SysLem nwurd Access (DSA), wIIcI uIIows us Lo uuLIenLIcuLe un ouLsIde cuIIer und grunL LIem uccess Lo u more prIvIIeged conLexL. We mIgIL udd u DSA Lo LIe 'sLurL' conLexL, und uIIow our empIoyees Lo uuLIenLIcuLe und geL uccess Lo LIe compuny conIerence rooms und voIcemuII servIces. See AppendIx A, SumpIe conIIguruLIons, Ior exumpIes oI oLIer conIIguruLIons und opLIons uvuIIubIe. 35 AppendIx A - SumpIe ConIIguruLIons TIIs uppendIx conLuIns some sumpIe conIIguruLIons Lo use us u reIerence Ior conIIgurIng your AsLerIsk server. Home Voicemuil - u simple setop. AsLerIsk cun be combIned wILI u sIngIe XO cIunneI Lo provIde u nIce voIcemuII sysLem Ior u Iome user. TIe cIunneI sIouId NOT be seL Lo uuLounswer. ;LIIs sIouId be LIe InILIuI conLexL Ior LIe Ixo IIne, us seL In zupuLu.conI |IncomIng| ;wuIL zo seconds Ior someone Lo pIckup exLen => s,1,WuIL,zo exLen => s,z,Answer ;PIuy u LIunk you, und oIIer LIree muII boxes ;Ior dIIIerenL members oI LIe IouseIoId exLen => s,,PIuybuck,LIunks exLen => s,q,Buckground,menu ;LIe muII boxes ;LIese sIouId be conIIgured In voIcemuII.conI und generuLed wILI uddmuIIbox exLen => 1,1,VoIcemuII,1 exLen => z,1,VoIcemuII,z exLen => ,1,VoIcemuII, ;sIouId proIIy be possIbIe Lo cIeck LIe voIcemuII exLen => 8oo,1,VoIcemuIIMuIn A more compIex Iome seLup, wILI one Ixs und one Ixo. TIIs seLup uses some nIcer opLIons, becuuse wILI LIe Ixs cIunneI, AsLerIsk cun run und provIde servIces Lo LIe cuII. Now we cun puL cuIIers on IoId und pIuy LIem specIuI IoId musIc. I we Iud more IncomIng IInes uvuIIubIe, we couId use u conIerence brIdge us weII. ;LIe Ixo InILIuI conLexL |IncomIng| exLen => s,1,PIuybuck,LIunks ;seL musIc on IoId exLen => s,z,SeLmusIconIoId,deIuuIL ;DIuI LIe XS's cIunneI Ior zo seconds exLen => s,z,DIuI,ZupJz]zo ;nobody's Iome exLen => s,,PIuybuck,nobody exLen => s,q,Buckground,menu ;LIe muII boxes exLen => 1,1,VoIcemuII,1 36 exLen => z,1,VoIcemuII,z exLen => ,1,VoIcemuII, exLen => 8oo,1,VoIcemuIIMuIn |deIuuIL| IncIude => IncomIng IncIude => purkedcuIIs 37 Appendix B - Applicution Modoles Ior the Asterisk System TIe AsLerIsk sysLem comes wILI u wIde seIecLIon oI uppIIcuLIons Lo perIorm LIe vurIed IuncLIons oI u PBX. Some uppIIcuLIons requIre exLernuI conIIguruLIon. AppIIcuLIon conIIg IIIes wIII resIde In LIe JeLcJusLerIsk. Here we'II Iook over LIe uppIIcuLIons uvuIIubIe Lo LIe deIuuIL AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon, LIeIr urgumenLs, und uny necessury exLernuI conIIguruLIon. DIuI DIuI Is probubIy LIe mosL commonIy used uppIIcuLIon In LIe AsLerIsk sysLem. TIe purpose oI LIe DIuI uppIIcuLIon Is Lo DIuI u cIunneI und wuIL Ior someone (or someLIIng) Lo unswer LIe oLIer IIne. I unyone pIcks up, DIuI wIII brIdge LIe IncomIng und receIvIng cIunneIs LogeLIer. DIuI wIII gIudIy connecL uny cIunneI Lype wILI uny oLIer cIunneI Lype. TIe DIuI upp requIres no exLernuI conIIguruLIon (excepL, oI course, LIe presence oI conIIgured cIunneIs.) MuILIpIe cIunneIs muy be specIIIed on u sIngIe prIorILy, In wIIcI cuse LIey wIII be rung sImuILuneousIy. OpLIonuIIy, u LImeouL (In seconds) muy be specIIIed, wIIcI wIII be LIe umounL oI LIme LIe cIunneI rIngs beIore we gIve up und move Lo LIe nexL prIorILy. TIe DIuI uppIIcuLIon Lukes u specIIIc cIunneI us un urgumenL. TIIs cun be uny VoP cIunneIs uvuIIubIe, u cIunneI provIded by u ZupuLu LeIepIony InLerIuce, un OSS IuII-dupIex sound curd, or u cIunneI provIded by LIe Inux TeIepIony nLerIuce und conIIgured In pIone.conI (LypIcuIIy QuIckneL InLerIuce devIces.) TIe IormuL oI LIe urgumenLs Lo DIuI cIunge dependIng on LIe Lype oI cIunneI beIng sIgnuIed. ormuLs Ior DIuI urgumenLs: or ZupLeI - DIuI,ZupJ|cIunneI|]|LImeouL| NoLe LIuL beLween LIe cIunneI und LIe opLIonuI LImeouL Is u pIpe symboI. or AX - Due Lo LIe muny opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo AX, DIuIIng AX Ius severuI uvuIIubIe urgumenLs, some oI wIIcI muy be opLIonuI. DIuI,AXJ|usernume|:|pussword, II needed||my.usLerIsk.server.com|JexLensIon|conLexL| TIe conLexL Is opLIonuI, onIy needed II LIe AX cIIenL Ius uccess Lo muILIpIe conLexLs (conIIgured In Iux.conI on LIe server sIde.) I muILIpIe conLexLs ure uvuIIubIe buL none Is specIIIed, LIen LIe conLexL wIII deIuuIL Lo LIe IIrsL one IIsLed. TIe pussword urgumenL Is In u sIIgILIy dIIIerenL IormuL wIen usIng RSA encrypLIon Lo proLecL our uuLIenLIcuLIon Lokens. WIen usIng pIuInLexL or MD uuLIenLIcuLIon, we wouId repIuce |pussword| wILI LIe secreL: exLen 1,1,DIuI,AXJme:noLverysecreLusLerIsk.server.comJ6161IocuI 38 wIere noLverysecreL sIouId be LIe secreL. n LIe cuse oI RSA, we wouId repIuce LIe pIuInLexL secreL wILI LIe RSA keynume In bruckeLs, IIke: exLen => 1,1,DIuI,AXJme:|supersneuky|usLerIsk.server.comJ6161IocuI]1o HopeIuIIy, LIuL's LIe IusL LIme Iuve Lo ucLuuIIy ose bruckeLs In un urgumenL! n some cuses, we muy omIL LIe pussword. A secreL muy noL be specIIIed on LIe server, I.e. wIen usIng IosL-bused uuLIenLIcuLIon. TIe conLexL muy be omILLed II we onIy Iuve one uvuIIubIe, or wunL LIe IIrsL oI severuI conLexLs mude uvuIIubIe Lo us. TIe LImeouL Is uIwuys opLIonuI. I LIe AX cIIenL Lo be sIgnuIed regIsLers wILI LIe AsLerIsk server, we cun sImpIy specIIy LIe peer nume und LIe exLensIon on LIe peer we wunL Lo connecL Lo. exLen => 1,1,DIuI,AXJregIsLeredpeerJ1]zo Inux TeIepIony nLerIuce Inux LeIepIony InLerIuce (T) devIces ure uccessed LIrougI LIeIr devIce IIIe descrIpLors. TIe rIngIng oI T cIunneIs Is sLruIgILIorwurd, IIke ZupLeI. exLen => 1,1,DIuI,PIoneJpIoneo]1o WIere pIoneo Is unuIogous Lo JdevJpIoneo, LIe devIce IIIe provIded by LIe Inux KerneI DrIver. RIngIng H.z TIIs secLIon noL yeL wrILLen RIngIng SP TIIs secLIon noL yeL wrILLen RIngIng muILIpIe cIunneIs n some cuses, IL muy be useIuI Lo rIng muILIpIe cIunneIs wIen u cuII comes In. We couId seL un exLensIon up Lo rIng u person's desk pIone und LIeIr ceII pIone uL LIe sume LIme. We couId uIso muke DIuI uLLempL Lo rIng un AX cIIenL uL LIe sume LIme IL rIngs u zupLeI devIce (or rIng uII LIree uL once.) To do LIIs, we sepuruLe LIe cIunneI urgumenLs wILI u '&.' Any number oI cIunneIs cun be specIIIed on LIe prIorILy In LIIs IusIIon. exLen => 1,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o&AXJsnompIoneJ1]z NoLe LIuL we cun onIy seL LIe LImeouL Ior LIe DIuI upp us u wIoIe, noL LIe IndIvIduuI cIunneIs we ure rIngIng. I we do wunL one cIunneI Lo rIng Ionger LIun LIe oLIer, we cun do IL IIke LIIs: 39 exLen => 1,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o&AXJsnompIoneJ1]1 exLen => 1,z,DIuI,AXJsnompIoneJ1]1 n LIIs cuse, we rung u zupLeI cIunneI und un AX cIunneI sImuILuneousIy Ior 1 seconds, beIore gIvIng up on LIe zupLeI cIunneI, und LryIng LIe AX cIunneI Ior unoLIer 1 seconds (II LIe AX cIunneI couId be conLucLed.) DIuI gIves us greuL IIexIbIIILy In uLLempLIng Lo connecL u cuIIer Lo IIs desLInuLIon. UsIng LIe DIuI uppIIcuLIon, we cun creuLe exLensIons LIuL wIII IInd our empIoyees wIerever LIey mIgIL be, vIu PSTN connecLIons (und ceII pIones) und over P connecLIons, or In LIe oIIIce. Goto - GoLo Is our dIuIpIun jumpIng uppIIcuLIon. TIougI we Iooked uL IL brIeIIy eurIIer, we'II now go over LIe sysLux oI GoLo urgumenLs. GoLo Is cupubIe oI jumpIng Irom one prIorILy Lo unoLIer wILIIn un exLensIon, jumpIng Lo unoLIer exLensIon In LIe conLexL, or jumpIng Lo un exLensIon In un enLIreIy dIIIerenL conLexL. TIe IormuL Ior GoLo Is IIke LIIs: exLen => ,q,GoLo,conLexL]exLensIon]prIorILy. TIe conLexL und exLensIon urgumenLs ure opLIonuI. I no pIpe (]) Is presenL, GoLo wIII InLerpreL LIe urgumenL us u prIorILy wILIIn LIe currenL exLensIon. I we udd un exLensIon, In LIe IormuL exLensIon]prIorILy, GoLo wIII jump Lo LIuL exLensIon wILIIn LIe currenL conLexL, Lo LIe purLIcuIuL prIorILy specIIIed. I we expund IurLIer, we geL conLexL]exLensIon]prIorILy, wIIcI wIII jump LIe cuIIer Lo uny specIIIed poInL In LIe dIuIpIun. GoLo Lukes no oLIer conIIguruLIon, oLIer LIun LIe presence oI LIe LurgeL prIorILy. Voicemuil - TIe voIcemuII uppIIcuLIon records messuges Irom cuIIers. TIe voIcemuII uppIIcuLIon requIres exLernuI conIIguruLIon. A desLInuLIon muIIbox musL be creuLed, und conIIgured In voIcemuII.conI. TIe IusLesL wuy Lo creuLe u muIIbox Is Lo use LIe 'uddmuIIbox' scrIpL provIded by LIe AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon. SImpIy run LIIs uppIIcuLIon us rooL (or someone wIo Ius wrILe permIssIons Lo JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvm.) L wIII prompL Ior u muIIbox number. EnLer LIe number, und LIe scrIpL wIII creuLe LIe dIrecLory JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvmJ|boxnumber| und copy LIe deIuuIL busy, unuvuIIubIe, und greeLIng messuges (Iound In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds) Lo LIIs dIrecLory. ConIIguruLIon Is necessury In voIcemuII.conI, us weII. EucI muIIbox sIouId Iuve un enLry In LIe voIcemuII.conI IIIe In LIIs IormuL. |muIIboxnumber| => |pusskey|,|User Nume|,|emuIIuddress.com| 40 6161 => 1zq,Jumes MurdocI,jmurdocIwIdgeLs.com TIe pusskey wIII be used wIen LIe box owner needs Lo uccess IIs voIce messuges over LIe pIone. TIe usernume Is reIerenced by LIe DIrecLory uppIIcuLIon (more on LIuL In LIe secLIon on dIrecLory.) TIe IusL enLry Is LIe emuII uddress LIe messuge wuILIng noLIIIcuLIon sIouId be senL Lo. Some generuI opLIons ure uvuIIubIe In LIIs IIIe us weII. We cun seL LIe IIIe IormuLs In wIIcI LIe messuge Is sLored. IormuL=gsm wIII sLore LIe messuges In gsm IormuL IormuL=gsm]wuv]wuvqq wIII sLore LIe IIIes In uII LIree IIsLed IormuLs. AvuIIubIe IormuLs ure gsm, wuv, wuvqq, und g;zsI. We cun uIso seL LIe orIgInuLIng emuII uddress Ior messuge wuILIng noLIIIcuLIons. serveremuII=usLerIskwIdgeLs.com A compIeLe conIIguruLIon IIIe Iooks IIke LIIs ;seL some generuI opLIons |generuI| IormuL=gsm]wuv ;deIIne LIe voIcemuII boxen |deIuuIL| 6161 => 1zq,Jumes MurdocI,jmurdocIwIdgeLs.com 616z => 1zq,BIue Duwg,bduwgwIdgeLs.com ;und so on, Ior eucI uvuIIubIe box. Once LIe boxes ure conIIgured, we cun send LIe cuIIer Lo LIe users box IIke LIIs: exLen => 6161,,VoIcemuII,u6161 PrependIng 'u' Lo LIe box number pIuys LIe unuvuIIubIe messuge Ior LIe cuIIer. We cun uIso use b, Lo pIuy LIe busy messuge, und s, Lo pIuy no messuge uL uII. A sIsLer uppIIcuLIon Lo VoIcemuII Is VoIcemuIIMuIn. VoIcemuIIMuIn Is LIe voIcemuII sysLem guLewuy Ior users cIeckIng LIeIr voIcemuII over LIe pIone. L requIres no conIIguruLIon or urgumenLs. DIrecLory TIe DIrecLory uppIIcuLIon uLLempLs Lo guIde LIe cuIIer Lo LIe correcL exLensIon, II LIe cuIIer does noL know LIe exLensIon number oI LIe person Ie Is LryIng Lo reucI. DIrecLory wIII usk LIe cuIIer Ior LIe IIrsL LIree IeLLers oI LIe recIpIenLs IusL nume, und uLLempL Lo muLcI LIuL 41 wILI LIe numes sLored In voIcemuII.conI. I LIe cuIIer response muLcIes more LIun one enLry (quILe possIbIe, sInce eucI dIgIL muLcIes LIree IeLLers) LIe uppIIcuLIon wIII presenL LIe cuIIer wILI LIe uvuIIubIe cIoIces. Once LIe correcL enLry Is deLermIned, DIrecLory wIII uLLempL Lo connecL Lo LIe cuIIer Lo LIe exLensIon muLcIIng LIe voIcemuII box number seIecLed. or LIIs reuson, IL Is recommended LIuL voIcemuII box numbers muLcI LIe muIn exLensIon number Ior LIe box owner. DIrecLory Lukes one urgumenL, LIe conLexL LIe exLensIon sIouId be Iound In. or exumpIe, II LIe exLensIons Ior empIoyee pIones resIde LIe 'empIoyee' conLexL, LIe DIrecLory cuII sIouId Iook IIke LIIs: exLen => z,1,DIrecLory,empIoyees WIen un exLensIon Is deLermIned, DIrecLory wIII uLLempL Lo connecL Lo LIuL exLensIon number wILIIn LIe empIoyee conLexL. Sounds Ior DIrecLory und VoIcemuIIMuIn ure sLored In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds. TIe sound IIIes muy be repIuced wILI cusLom IIIes usIng LIe sume numes. MeeLMe MeeLMe Is LIe conIerence brIdgIng uppIIcuLIon Ior AsLerIsk. MeeLMe creuLes 'rooms,' Lo wIIcI muILIpIe cuIIers cun be connecLed und InLercommunIcuLe In u conIerence. MeeLMe requIres exLernuI conIIguruLIon In LIe IIIe meeLme.conI. EucI conIerence room uvuIIubIe musL be IIsLed In meeLme.conI In LIIs IormuL conI => qooo Lo creuLe u room 'qooo.' We cun send cuIIers Lo LIIs room wILI LIIs sLuLemenL: exLen => qq,1,MeeLMe,qooo TIe conIerence room number urgumenL Is opLIonuI. I omILLed, LIe user wIII be prompLed Lo enLer u room number, wIIcI musL exIsL In meeLme.conI. A sIsLer uppIIcuLIon, MeeLMeCounL, pIuys LIe number oI cuIIers presenLIy In LIe room specIIIed us un urgumenL. L Is generuIIy used jusL beIore LIe cuIIer Is connecLed wILI LIe specIIIed room. PIuybuck und Buckground TIe PIuybuck und Buckground uppIIcuLIons ure used Lo pIuy uudIo IIIes Ior LIe cuIIer. TIe Lwo uppIIcuLIons ure IurgeIy IdenLIcuI, wILI one dIIIerence. TIe pIuybuck uppIIcuLIon pIuys LIe uudIo IIIe enLIreIy Ior LIe cuIIer, IgnorIng uny cuIIer InpuL. TIe buckground uppIIcuLIon pIuys LIe uudIo IIIe wIIIe IIsLenIng Ior cuIIer InpuL. DurIng LIe buckground uppIIcuLIon, II LIe cuIIer dIuIs un exLensIon, LIe uudIo IIIe wIII be sLopped, und LIe cuIIer wIII be ImmedIuLeIy connecLed Lo LIe IndIcuLed exLensIon. TIe IormuL Ior pIuybuck Is IIke LIIs: 42 exLen => s,1,PIuybuck,weIcome UnIess LIe IIIenume In preIIxed wILI u 'J' IIIenumes ure ussumed Lo be reIuLIve Lo JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds. Sound IIIes sIouId be sLored In gsm encodIng. AudIo IIIes cun be generuLed wILI LIe Record uppIIcuLIon, or recorded exLernuIIy und encoded InLo gsm (sox Is u good progrum Lo encode IIIes InLo gsm.) TIe .gsm suIIIx sIouId be IeIL oII, us IL Is ussumed by LIe uppIIcuLIon. Record - Record Is un uppIIcuLIon Lo record u sound IIIe In gsm. L Lukes one urgumenL, LIe IIIenume reIuLIve Lo JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds. TIe sLored IIIenume wIII Iuve .gsm uppended Lo IL, so LIuL sIouId noL be specIIIed. To Record u sound IIIe 'bIuI.gsm' Ior IuLer pIuybuck, do: exLen => 1,1,Record,bIuI L sIouId be noLed LIuL LIe uudIo quuIILy oI recordIngs mude LIIs wuy currenLIy Ieuves mucI Lo be desIred, und IL Is beLLer Lo use exLernuI soILwure Lo record cusLom uudIo IIIes Ior AsLerIsk. SLrIpMSD SLrIpMSD sLrIps dIgILs Irom u dIuIed exLensIon. L Lukes one urgumenL, LIe number oI dIgILs Lo sLrIp sLurLIng Irom LIe begInnIng. TIIs Is useIuI prImurIIy Lo sLrIp dIgILs used In InLernuI rouLIng Irom numbers beIore pussIng LIem Iorwurd. A common use Is Lo sLrIp LIe q Irom u number beIore rouLIng u cuII Lo un ouLsIde IIne. TIe IormuL Is: exLen = 1zq,SLrIpMSD,1 uILer LIIs uppIIcuLIon, LIe cuII wIII now muLcI u dIIIerenL exLensIon, zq, us LIe one wIII be removed. See LIe secLIon on exLensIon muLcIIng Lo see LIIs In common prucLIce. MosicOnHold TIe MusIc On HoId uppIIcuLIon provIdes buckground uudIo Ior purked or IeId cuIIs, und durIng cuII LrunsIers. AudIo IIIes ure sLored In LIe common mp IormuL, LypIcuIIy In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp. MuILIpIe 'cIusses' cun be conIIgured und used, eucI wILI dIIIerenL uudIo IIIe coIIecLIons. ConIIgurIng MusIc on HoId CIusses ure conIIgured In JeLcJusLerIskJmusIconIoId.conI. EucI cIuss sLuLemenL comes In LIIs IormuL: |cIussnume| => mp:|JIuIIJpuLIJLoJmpJdIr|, |exLru urgs Lo mpg1z| CIussnume wIII be LIe nume reIerenced In exLensIons.conI (see SeLMusIcOnHoId) 43 CurrenLIy, Lwo muIn pIuybuck modes exIsL, mp und quIeLmp. QuIeLmp Is IdenLIcuI Lo mp, excepL LIuL IL reduces LIe voIume by ; percenL. TIe puLI sIouId Ieud Lo un uccessIbIe dIrecLory conLuInIng one or more mp IIIes. By deIuuIL, IIIes wIII be pIuyed In uIpIunumerIc order. ArgumenLs cun be pussed Lo mpg1z, uILer LIe puLI deIInILIon. A common use wouId be Lo puL mpg1z In sIuIIIe or rundom mode wILI LIe '-z' opLIons rundom => mp:JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp, -z Y - we ure uIreudy usIng LIe -q, -s, --mono, und -r opLIons, und seLLIng LIe sumpIIng ruLe Lo 8ooo. Be cureIuI noL Lo overrIde LIese opLIons bIIndIy. MPORTANT: TIe AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId urcIILecLure depends on LIe very common Iree mpeg uudIo decoder progrum 'mpg1z.' TIougI mosL dIsLrIbuLIons sIIp wILI LIIs progrum by deIuuIL, IL muy need Lo be InsLuIIed on LIe IocuI sysLem. Some newer sysLems Iuve repIuced mpg1z wILI u work-uIIke progrum cuIIed 'mpgz1.' TIIs progrum does noL work Ior AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId, becuuse IL does noL properIy ImpIemenL some oI LIe resumpIIng IeuLures used Lo generuLe pIone quuIILy mono uudIo. I you experIence 'druggIng' uudIo IIIes LIuL pIuy buck uL Iower speeds LIun LIey sIouId, LIIs Is mosL IIkeIy LIe probIem. UsIng MusIc on HoId TIe MusIc On HoId sysLem Is operuLed usIng LIree uppIIcuLIon moduIes. TIe prImury uppIIcuLIon Is SeLMusIcOnHoId, wIIcI seLs LIe musIc cIuss Ior LIe cuIIer. TIIs Is commonIy cuIIed wILIIn LIe specIuI exLensIon 's' wIIIe seLLIng up generuI cuII seLLIngs Ior u gIven conLexL. Once LIe cIuss Ius been seL, unyLIme LIe cuIIer Is purked or puL on IoId Ior u cuII LrunsIer, LIe musIc specIIIed In LIeIr seL cIuss wIII be pIuyed. We seL LIe MusIcOnHoId cIuss us u sLundurd exLensIon prIorILy. TIe uppIIcuLIon Lukes on urgumenL, LIe cIuss. exLen => s,1,SeLMusIcOnHoId,deIuuIL TIIs wouId muke LIe IIrsL prIorILy Lo seL LIeIr musIc cIuss wIen we unswered un IncomIng IIne. TIere ure Lwo oLIer MusIc On HoId uppIIcuLIons uvuIIubIe. WuILMusIcOnHoId wIII wuIL Ior u specIIIed LIme wIIIe pIuyIng musIc. TIe onIy urgumenL Is LIe LIme Lo wuIL. TIIs Is unuIogous Lo LIe WuIL uppIIcuLIon, onIy dIIIerIng In LIuL IL pIuys LIe MusIc On HoId Ior cuIIer. WuILMusIcOnHoId requIres LIuL LIe MusIc cIuss be prevIousIy seL, oLIerwIse IL beIuves exucLIy us WuIL (wuILIng Ior u specIIIed umounL oI LIme, sIIenLIy.) exLen => s,1,WuILMusIcOnHoId,zo TIIs pIuys MusIc On HoId Ior u prevIousIy deIIned cIuss Ior zo seconds, beIore movIng Lo LIe nexL prIorILy. MusIcOnHoId wIII pIuy MusIcOnHoId Ior LIe cuIIer IndeIInILeIy. TIere Is no opLIon Lo reLrIeve LIe cuIIer Irom LIIs uppIIcuLIon. L Is InLended prImurIIy Ior LesLIng LIe MusIc On HoId sysLem. L Lukes on urgumenL, LIe MusIc On HoId cIuss. exLen => 1,,MusIconHoId,deIuuIL PurkedCuII CuII purkIng Is un unusuuI uppIIcuLIon In LIuL IL Is IncIuded ImpIIcILIy In LIe dIuI pIun II 44 purkIng.conI exIsLs. CuII purkIng cun be conIIgured Lo deIIne LIe exLensIon Lo LrunsIer u cuII Lo Lo purk IL, LIe runge oI exLensIons purked cuIIs wIII be LrunsIerred Lo, und LIe nume oI LIe conLexL purked cuII exLensIons wIII exIsL In. TIe IormuL oI LIe purkIng.conI IIIe Is: ;begIns LIe IIIe |generuI| ;deIIne LIe exLensIon Lo dIuI Lo purk u cuII purkexL => ;oo ;LIe desLInuLIon exLensIons Ior purked cuIIs purkpos => ;o1-;zo ;LIe conLexL purked cuIIs IncIude In conLecL => purkedcuIIs EnubIIng cuII purkIng und reLrIevuI Ior u gIven conLexL Is us sImpIe us IncIudIng LIe deIIned purked cuIIs conLexL In LIe enubIed conLexL. |deIuuIL| IncIude => purkedcuIIs To purk u cuII, sImpIy LrunsIer LIem Lo LIe deIIned exLensIon (In LIIs exumpIe, ;oo). TIe exLensIon Lo reLrIeve LIe cuII uL wIII be pIuyed, LIen usLerIsk wIII dIsconnecL LIem. To reLrIeve LIe cuII, sImpIy dIuI LIe sLuLed exLensIon Irom uny pIone LIuL Ius uccess Lo LIe purked cuII exLensIon. AbsoIuLeJDIgILJResponse TImeouL TIe TImeouL uppIIcuLIons uIIow you Lo specIIy LIe umounL oI LIme AsLerIsk wuILs Ior responses In cerLuIn sILuuLIons. AII uppIIcuLIons Luke one urgumenL, LIe umounL oI LIme Lo wuIL. TIe AbsoIuLeTImeouL uppIIcuLIon seLs un ubsoIuLe LImeouL Ior u cuII. WIen LIIs LImeouL Is reucIed, LIe cuII wIII be dumped. TIIs cun be useIuI, Ior exumpIe, wIen seLLIng up un InIormuLIon IIne LIuL couId be LIed up IndeIInILeIy by u pIone noL properIy Iung up. exLen => s,1,AbsoIuLeTImeouL,6oo TIIs seLs LIe ubsoIuLe LImeouL Lo 6oo seconds, or Len mInuLes. You mIgIL use LIIs II you Iuve un InIormuLIonuI recordIng mInuLes Iong, seL Lo Ioop IndeIInILeIy. AILer LIree pIuys (und cIunge) LIe cuII wIII be dumped, us we cun suIeIy ussume LIe cuIIer LIInks LIeIr pIone Is Iung up. TIe ResponseTImeouL uppIIcuLIon seLs LIe umounL oI LIme Lo wuIL Ior u response Irom LIe cuIIer. I we ure wuILIng Ior LIe cuIIer Lo dIuI un exLensIon, we cun seL u response LImeouL Lo do someLIIng II LIey never respond. AILer LIe LImeouL Is reucIed, AsLerIsk wIII jump Lo LIe specIuI exLensIon 'L' Ior LIe currenL conLexL. See Speciul Ixtensions Ior more InIormuLIon. exLen => s,1,ResponseTImeouL,1o TIe DIgILTImeouL uppIIcuLIon seLs LIe LImeouL beLween dIgILs pressed. Once LIe 45 LImeouL Is reucIed, AsLerIsk wIII uLLempL Lo IInd LIe exLensIon IndIcuLed by LIe dIgILs LIuL were receIved. I u IuII exLensIon Is receIved, AsLerIsk wIII jump Lo IL ImmedIuLeIy, so In mosL cuses, II LIe dIgIL LImeouL Is reucIed LIe exLensIon wIII be InvuIId, und AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior specIuI exLensIon 'I.' See Speciul Ixtensions' Ior more InIormuLIon. exLen => s,1,DIgILTImeouL,1o Appendix C - syntux in extensions.conI TIIs secLIon deLuIIs LIe specIIIc synLux und uvuIIubIe opLIons Ior exLensIons.conI. ExLensIons.conI Is broken up by conLexL. A specIuI conLexL |generuI| Is reserved, used Ior cerLuIn vurIubIes LIuL muy be seL gIobuIIy. L Is currenLIy unused. ConLexLs sLurL wILI u conLexL deIInILIon In LIIs IormuL: |conLexL| EucI conLexL conLuIns u number oI keywords, IoIIowed by LIIer urgumenLs, In LIIs IormuL: keyword => urgumenLs TIe IoIIowIng keywords ure uvuIIubIe - IgnorepuL - specIIIes u dIgIL (or dIgILs) Lo 'Ignore' TIese dIgILs ure receIved, buL LIe dIuI Lone conLInues. swILcI - specIIIes u remoLe server Lo usk ubouL exLensIons wIIcI ure unknown Lo LIe IocuI PBX. IncIude - specIIIes u conLexL Lo IncIude In LIe currenL conLexL, wILI opLIonuI LIme urgumenLs exLen - specIIIes one IIne oI un exLensIon conIIguruLIon. Lsuge oI these keywords EucI oI LIe keywords Lukes urgumenLs unIque Lo LIuL keyword. ignoreput Lukes u dIgIL or dIgILs Lo be Ignored. IgnorepuL => q wIII conLInue LIe dIuILone uILer u user presses 'q'. NoLe LIuL q wIII sLIII be purL oI LIe exLensIon dIuIed. TIe dIuILone wIII conLInue, buL LIe dIgIL Is recIeved und processed us ususuI. switch Lukes us IL's urgumenL u remoLe AsLerIsk server, Lo be conLucLed over AX. I un exLensIon Is dIuIed on LIe IocuI PBX LIuL Is unknown, und u swILcI sLuLemenL exIsLs, AsLerIsk wIII query LIe remoLe server Lo uLLempL Lo brIdge LIe cuII Lo LIuL exLensIon. I LIe exLensIon Is unknown Lo LIe remoLe, or LIe remoLe server cunnoL be conLucLed, LIe exLensIon wIII be IundIed us InvuIId. TIe IormuL oI 'swILcI' Is wILI no pussword: 46 regIsLer => AXJcIIenLusLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neLJconLexL wILI u pussword (pIuInLexL or MD): regIsLer => AXJcIIenL:pusswordusLerIsk.wIdgeL.neLJconLexL usIng RSA: regIsLer => AXJcIIenL:|keynume|usLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neLJconLexL wIere conLexL Is LIe conLexL LIe remoLe server sIouId Iook In Lo IInd LIe exLensIon. n order Lo use un AX swILcI, LIe remoLe server musL Iuve u user deIInILIon Ior LIe IncomIng cIIenL. See ConIigoring Chunnels - IAX Ior more deLuIIs ubouL users und uuLIenLIcuLIon. inclode Lukes u conLexL Lo be IncIuded, und opLIonuIIy u LIme urgumenL. IncIude => unoLIerconLexL IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]LIme-runge]duy-runge]duys oI monLI]monLIs IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]oq:oo-18:oo]mon-wed,IrI]]1-11 exten Is LIe keyword Lo deIIne exLensIons. EucI exLensIon sLuLemenL IoIIows LIIs IormuL: exLen => |exLensIon|,|prIorILy|,|uppIIcuLIon|,|urgumenLs| TIe IIrsL urgumenL Is u number, one oI LIe specIuI exLensIons 's', 'I', or 'L', or u wIIdcurd muLcI. WIIdcurd muLcIes begIn wILI un underscore (_). WIIdcurd muLcIes cun conLuIn LIese cIurucLers: Any dIuIubIe dIgIL, IncIudIng IusI (#) und usLerIsk (). N - muLcIes uny number greuLer LIun 1 X - muLcIes uny dIgIL TIe specIuI exLensIons s, I, und L ure used under cerLuIn condILIons. s - LIe 'sLurL' exLensIon. I u cuIIer enLers u conLexL goIng Lo no purLIcuIur exLensIon, LIey wIII be connecLed Lo exLensIon s. or exumpIe, II we unswer un IncomIng cuII buL Iuve no specIIIc ruIe Lo pIuce LIuL cuII In un exLensIon, LIe cuII wIII go Lo 's' L - LIe 'LImeouL' exLensIon. I u cuII LImes ouL wIIIe wuILIng Ior u response, LIe exLensIon 'L' wIII be used. AppIIcuLIons exIsL Lo conIIgure LImeouLs Ior vurIous condILIons. See AppendIx B. I - II un exLensIon Is dIuIed LIuL does noL exIsL, LIe exLensIon 'I' wIII be used. 47 Appendix - Iiles instulled by Asterisk AsLerIsk uLLempLs Lo compIy wILI LIe Inux IIesysLem HIerurcIy sLundurd, und IoIIow generuIIy uccepLed convenLIons Ior IIIe pIucemenL on u Inux sysLem. AsLerIsk InsLuIIs IIIes In severuI IocuLIons on LIe sysLem. JeLcJusLerIsk - TIe dIrecLory JeLcJusLerIsk conLuIns conIIguruLIon IIIes Ior AsLerIsk und IL's uppIIcuLIon moduIes. JusrJIIbJusLerIsk - TIIs dIrecLory conLuIns IoudubIe moduIes Ior cIunneIs, codecs, und uppIIcuLIons Ior AsLerIsk JvurJspooIJusLerIsk - JvurJspooIJusLerIsk Is used Lo sLore uccumuIuLed voIcemuII IIIes Ior users. CusLom voIcemuII messuges creuLed by users ure uIso sLored Iere, Ior euse oI movIng or removIng u compIeLe voIcemuII uccounL. JvurJIIbJusLerIsk - SeveruI Lypes oI IIIes ure sLored under LIIs dIrecLory, prImurIIy duLu IIIes sucI us musIc on IoId und pIuybuck messuges. TIe IoIIowIng dIrecLorIes exIsL In u deIuuIL InsLuII, reIuLIve Lo JvurJIIbJusLerIsk: .JmoImp - LIe deIuuIL IocuLIon oI musIc on IoId IIIes. AudIo IIIes In LIe mp IormuL cun be pIuced In LIIs dIrecLory Lo be used by LIe MusIcOnHoId uppIIcuLIon. See LIe AppIIcuLIons secLIon Ior more InIormuLIon. .JugI-bIn - LIe IocuLIon Lo sLore AsLerIsk GuLewuy nLerIuce scrIpLs .Jkeys - wIere pubIIc und prIvuLe RSA keys ure sLored. RSA keys muy be used Lo IucIIILuLe secure uuLIenLIcuLIon Ior LIe nLer-AsLerIsk ExcIunge proLocoI. .JImuges - u pIuce Lo puL Imuges wIIcI muy be senL over LIe AX proLocoI Lo cIIenLs wIIcI supporL LIIs IeuLure. .Jsounds - LIe IocuLIon oI sound IIIes Lo be pIuyed by AsLerIsk Ior voIce prompLIng. JusrJsbInJ - usLerIsk - LIe progrum bInury. usLgenkey - u progrum Lo generuLe RSA keys Ior use wILI usLerIsk uddmuIIbox - u progrum Lo creuLe new voIce muII boxes. 48 AppendIx E - usIng AsLerIsk IeuLures AsLerIsk IeuLures LIree wuy cuIIIng, cuII LrunsIer, cuII purkIng, und musIc on IoId. To LrunsIer u cuII - IusI-Iook (press LIe Iung-up buLLon brIeIIy. On cordIess pIones, LIere muy be u IIusI buLLon InsLeud.) You receIve u specIuI sLuLLer dIuI Lone. DIuI LIe exLensIon Lo LrunsIer Lo, und Iungup. To LIree wuy u cuII - IusI-Iook. You receIve u sLuLLer dIuI Lone. DIuI LIe exLensIon you wIsI Lo LIree -wuy InLo your cuII. WIen LIe oLIer purLy unswers, IIusI-Iook uguIn Lo connecL uII LIree cIunneIs. WIIIe you ure wuILIng Ior LIe LIIrd purLy, musIc on IoId Is puyed Ior LIe oLIer cuIIer II uvuIIubIe. CuII purkIng - CuII purkIng Is done by LrunsIerrIng u cuIIer InLo u specIuI exLensIon, deIIned In purkIng.conI. IusI-Iook und dIuI LIe purkIng exLensIon. TIe server wIII sLuLe LIe purkIng sIoL by number, und dIsconnecL. DIuI LIe sLuLed number Lo reLrIeve LIe cuIIer. MusIc on IoId wIII be pIuyed Ior LIe purked cuIIer II uvuIIubIe. CuII IorwurdIng -