CONDITIONING AND LEARNING PROCESS (PART 2)

MERUDITYA RENDY BUDI ALDI ANDIKA ZIDNI AMRULLAH LALU RANDY ADLAR

REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE

Continuous reinforcement schedule

Fixed ratio schedule

Variable ratio schedule

SHAPING

involves a process of arranging conditions that change the probabilities of certain behaviors not as ends

in themselves but to increase the probabilities of other behaviors

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DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULI

the mere presence or absence of certain stimuli can serve to change the probabilities of behavior

Brand marks
Store signs Store logos

VICARIOUS LEARNING (MODELING)

Processes by which people change their behaviors because they observed the actions of other people

(model) and the consequences that occurred Model performs behavior and experiences consequences

Observer sees modeled behavior and consequences

Observer performance of modeled behavior may increase or decrease, depending on modeled consequences

USES OF VICARIOUS LEARNING

To help observers acquire one or more new response patterns that previously did not exist in their

behavioral repertoires
To decrease or inhibit undesired behaviors
To response facilitation, whereby the behavior of others serves merely as discriminative stimuli for the

observer in facilitating the occurrence of previously learned responses.

FACTORS INFLUENCING VICARIOUS LEARNING

Model and the modeled behavior characteristics

Model iklan roncar

Characteristics of observer

Bandura suggests that in many cases observers who are dependent, lack confidence and self-esteem, and have been frequently rewarded for imitative behavior are especially prone to adopt the behavior of successful models

Characteristics of modeled consequences

Iklan axe