TU-HOC

. . .

Mir RHu-elu CbA TH~I-BAI

• •

(tvc cu6n Til' H9C d'~ thanh cong, Go sva chira va them nhieu ao~)

M6i ngrra; pha.i ld m91 oi yiao-srr cho chlnh minh CA."RLYLB

XUAN THU

NHA XUAT BAN XUAN THU PO Box 97 Los Alamitos CA 90720 U.S.A. (213) 430-3828 & 430-5115

xuat ban va phM hBnh

TVA

HOi m&i u tnrimg ra, toi dU'!"c M vao lam stY. Con~ IChLnh Nam-Vi~t. NgU'lYi ta dU'a toi xu5ng Long-Xuysn, giao cho cOng-vi~c do m{l'c dat va m{l'c nU'&c u khtip mien HQ.u-Giang va Tien-Giang,

Vi nhiing. Ie ve kY-t1w.()t, chUng toi phdi do ban demo Ban nao u nhimg tinh tir Cluiu-:D5c tcYi BilC-Lieu tTon, may niim tTU'&C chihi-tranii cMc dli9'c thily cu.lciu iduiq.i -co m~t b9n 6-7 ngU'iYi, kl dim den pha, kI xcich tkU'&c, hoq.c may, di nhdm theo cdc dU'iYng cdi va bfJ' kinh. B{)n do lachUng tai, ChUng tOi lam vi~c tir 6 giiY ehieu denI2 giiY khuya, hoq.c tir I2' giir khuya den 6 gilY scing.

Diri song khUc thtrirng ay tat-nhien IiI khong thU gt; trong khi thien-hq yen gillC thi minh phdi lq.n·l~i; gi!:p nhiing dem triing thanh gid mat con dl chiu chu- vao mha nt-U'a thl C{l'C kMvo-cung, nMt la nhiing khi phdi len-la; trong dam lau sQ.y u dong Thap-MU'iYi, da nhieu mu~i

lq.i nhieu dla, ,

Tuy-nhien diYi s5ng cua loai vqc do ciing co ceii 19'i la chimg toi cd nhieu thi-giiY Tdnh ldm. Mbi ngay dU'9'c I8 giiY or-do, biet dung vao v* gi? Di chci - chUa nao ding vao, cho nao ciing ghe-Toi chup hinh, not chuy¢n phiem, viet nhij.tJeY ••• ma L'dn khOng het ngay, Vanh 'phdi d{)c sach,

Co hOi mU'a gio lien-#ep 9-IO ngay, chUng toi phdi ?lam co trong m!5t chiec ghe hilu czra dong kin mit va

dq.u 0- trtn nhiing kini: Xa.No hollc Phl/.ng-Hi~p, %4 ell(1\. xa q$, xa bqn, xa nha. BUGn ~i la buon! Nhirra, lucdo, khong c6 sach d"c, cMc tsi loan 6c mfit.

Nen gijp sach gi toi ciing d{)c, d(Jc brJ,y ba, hJn d~n, va phuung-phcip, va muc-dich, d{)c tir nhimg phOng-sl.l' CUB Maurice Dekobra, truy~n trinh-tham cua Conan Doyle dennhirng sach ve PhQ,t-hec, ThOng.thien-h{)c, va Ti~u-thl1yet th.r-bay cua nha Tan-Dan ..•

Hdn-ur hOi ay toi tturi biet lem.nhem du{Yc vai nghln, chir ma ciing mua cua m~t Hue-kieu gan diu tau Can- ThO'" m6t bO Van·tam dieu-long! Dem ve ghe, coi tron m9t n~ay chting hiku cMt gi, danh phai bOo Hi~u lam sao n~i r Siich: thz kho ma lq.i in sai be-bet va khtmg chu-thich.

Thanh thzi' trong 2 niim triri lenh·denh tren. song rqch, d"c hang tram cuon sach ma th{it /0: Co lch-loi thi chi' co mbi m9t bp, t.rc bp Nho-giiio cua Trdn-Trong-Kim ma m!5t ngily mua d~m, vao tru chan trong mpt qutin tqp-. lWa 0- Bqc-Lieu, toi tinh-clr kiem du{yc trong mpt tu kink 0- gOc ti,m, ben cqnb: nhiing h9p nhang va den cay.

Bay gilr nghi lai ma tiec! Thi-gilr nhieu ma khOng biet dung, chiu d{)c· sach ma khOng biet cach d{)c.

Noi cho dung, toi ciing co ma-mir mpt ml/.c-dLCh day. 10: trau-gioi V i¢t.ngir, nhirng trau-gioi ra lam sao Va' nen d"c nhimg sach nao thz xin tM tlurc la hOi d6 t6i

khang nghi uri. Tluim chi, toi khsng biet mua-

sach cT dau niia. Toi khong noi ngoa dau, thira bg,n. Co Ian nghe mpt ngtriri gio-i-thi~u cutin L' Art d/ecrire cua A. Albalat, toi lqi nha sach Htiu-Giang 0- Can-ThohOi mua, khong co roi thOi, chir khang biet hoi nhirng. nM sach lc}n 0- Sai.gon hoq,c ngay nhO. xuiit-bdn cT ben Pluip. Tci sach xuat.bdn trong turtrc toi ciing khong ro cO Mirng loq.i gi ma stich xuat-bdn 20 nam truo-e co· nMea gi dau chil"!

TInh-canh CUtI toi qua nhlr mot nglrlri muon qua m9t khu rirng ma khOng biet phU'lrng-hlro-ng cil' blrO-C Call,.

4uung di ve piurung Bilc lqi quay xui$ng phuung Nam Toi re qua i)ong, qua Tdy ..•

~ f)(Jc stich MU v(iy khOng phdi lO: hoan toan vo fch.

Dii sao ding can hun la min-mai tren chieu t.r-roc ho(1c be tha cT ctie quan ru{Yu, va tuy cMng bilt cMt gz cho ranhmach, Mung cting hi~u 10m-bOm mai man mpt it du d~ tJiin phihn trong cac c* Mi-h(Jp.

Niurng gia hOi ay, tOi biet p!-!uO'ng-huo-ng, tl.l' vQCh sitn mpt dulrng d~ di tM· dich, thz dti cMng t{)n thl-gilr ma can fch l(1'i gtIp may. Lam sao tre lqi du9'c hai chlje ndm nhi?

Toi khir-kho» nhir vQY, ding la d'S hi~u. <7 tnrlrng ra, c6 'ai chi cho toi cach tl.l' hoe dau ?

Trirtrc=um, toi du9'c hoc non 30 ong thay vira Vi~t vira Phap, Ma toi niur chi c6 m3i m9t vi khuyen t~i dpe sach. d~ lay~n Phcip-van, t.rc cv Duung-Qudng.Ham. CIl .gi6i-thi~u cho chUng toi Mitng tac-pMm cua Charles Wagner nhir Pour les petits et les grands, Au pays de Ia-peu·pres ... va MocMng toi tqp loi hanh van cria tdc-gid de viet lu(in.

Can khi ra truimg . rOi, . nen dpc them nhiing sach gi thi . tay~t-nhien toi chua thiiy m9t gido su 000 chi bao cho h6C sinh.

Ngay 0- truimg Cong-chinh, t.rc mpt trufrng chayenmon ma cuoi niim thzi' ba, khi silp thi ra, cting kMng e6 ai .r.Oi vui sinh-vien dq.i Ioai nhir vay :

• Cac ani: dti theo het dunrng-trinli roi day. .Nlumg cdc anh nen nhir IcY 1M nay: nhiing dieu tnrimg dti dgy cho cdc auh. mo-i chi la mpr pMn muiri (lwij.c m!5t pMn tram) nhiing dieu nguiri ta dfi ttm-tbi du9'c ve man Ctmg-chmh: Nhimg sach cac anh dti hoc, klwdng 2-3 chuc cuon gl d6, chi nuri la m9i phiin ngan (hay mpt pMn muOn) nhirng sach dti xuat-bdn ve mon Cong-chinh. Nhirng may cac anh dtitq.p nMm deu la Mirng may eti rich va .cd tM phuO'ng-phdp tinh be-tong cot sift ma cac anh dii hpc,

ciing ld c~-la r"ai. V 4y trong khi cac anh tam vi?c, cdc anb. phdi hoc them, hoc them hoai d~ khOi thanh nhirng nhQchuyen-mon 19.c-hq.u, de thea kip nhirng tien-b~ clia kythugt.

Muon hoc them thi phai tuan-ttr. Cdc anh hliy Mt

dau dpc nhirng cuiin nay , nhirng top-chi nay ... , ,6i l~n 1l1n

dpc to-i nhiing cuon nay , nhirng tQP chi nay .•. ».

Tai nhiing ban kluu: ra sao tOi kh/mg biet, chU' 0- ban-

Cong-otunti thi tuyh-nhien giao-su: khOng baa giir khuytn - khich, hrro-ng-ddn hoc-sinh. trong S{l' t{l'-hpc, co Ie vi h", khtmg hieu ro bOn-phgn cua hp hogc klumg thfiy S{l' ur-hoc liz can-thiet.

Thanh - thd- hoc - sinh 0- trtrirng ra, m9t la trrcYng ctii . gi ciing biet roi, venh-vtnl: t{l'-d&c khOng chiu hoc them, hai la muon ur-hoc them ma khOng biet hoc cach nao, phdi do-ddm lay, vira tan tien, ton sU-c,. vira it ket~qua roi sinh ra chan-nan. Trang cuon Un homrne fini tac-gid la Giovanni Papini ali td m{1t cach sdu-sac va hom.hlnii m{5t anh chang hdng-hai t{l' hoc rna. khOng drr{Yc ngrriri hrro-ng-ddn, phdi thi-nghiim het cach nay cach khac, thd- man-nay man n{J, rot cu{5c cheing co ket-quti gi cd.

Chung-quanii ta, biet baa nguiri cr trong tmh-ainli (iy. Co nguiri muon hoc them chir Han, kiem dau drr9'c cuiin « Tam thien t{l')) hay I( Ngu thien ur >, cijm.clJ.i himg thang rOl chan-nan, quay ta hpc ve luqt, ve toan •••• man nao ciing chi drr{Yc it ltiu, tMy khO qua, dimh bO dO-. S{l' thq.t, nhiing man do khsng khO{Jen n& m{5t nguiri thsng-minh. trung-binli khong h{Jc nlii dtiu. Ho khang th~nh

-cong vi khOng biet cach hoc va kMng tim drrfJ'" sach~ dura co nhiing thuirng-tlurc ma apc ngay phai nhii'n~ sach cao-ddng, Ho ciing nhir toi hOi tnnrc, dura thusc het b{5 Tan Quoc-van ma ali hoc Van tam dieu long, dura co m{5t khai-niim gl rii-rang, dich.xac ve ago Ph4t ma d{Jc ngay kinh Tom.Tqng.l

T" hpc rna thieu phrrO'ng-pluip nhir v(iy tId IOO Iflgrriri to-i 95 nguiri thift-b(li, chi drr{Yc 4-5 ngiroi thank<ong, nhir c6 nhihi nghi-l{l'e, chiu kien-nhdn, lai thOng. minh, mau ,hi~u, mau ntur, nhiIt la nhir may-mdn, gij.p 'ilgay arr9:c m{1t mort hop vo-i khd niing cua minh va rthfrng sach. h{yp vo-i trinh-dp cua minh. Nghi mil bu'6n: ngay S{l' hpc.Mnh, tu-luy~n cua ta ciing dank ph,o cho

-may rlii! ( ..

a Phap, gifra the-kj tnrtrc, Auguste Comte dli viet -sach hrro-ng-ddn a{1c-gia. Roi uri dau the ky nay Henri Mazel soqn cuon Ce qu'il faut lire dans sa vie, H. de' Brandis cho xuat-btin won Comment choisir nos lectures. Gati day co nhfrng won: L' Art de former

une bibliotheque cua Emile Henriot. .

La Bibliotheque de l'Honnete homme cua m{1t nhom

-hpc-gid soan dutri S{l' aieu-khi~n cua M. P. Wigny.

Que lire? cua M. J. Capart.

Organisation du travail intellectuel cua P. Chavigny. La Documentation en science economique cua G.

Dykmans.

Voulez-vous etudier seul ? cua Max Fauconnier, Quels livres faut il avoir Ius '? cua A. Souche.

Ngooi ra, con co nhirng won dgy etich dpc sdch, nha -cuon (( L' Art de lire » cua Emile Faguet, (( Un art de lire D

-ciia A. [ans ...

Tqi turtrc minh, chira co cuon nao trong loqi ify.

Chung toi t{l' xet hoc con it lam, nhimg nghi ai ciing co bOn phq.n dem nhiing hoc hOi, kinh-nghi~m cua minh ,giup ngirtri khac, nen soqn cuon nay d~ cac bqn thanh-nien mo-i cr tnrimg ra dir phai bir-ngir trong nhiing btrtrc dliu "tren can dirirng ur.hoc.

Chung toi khdo-ciru m9t so nhiing sach dli ke cY tren _ nhimg cuon nao ma chUng toi tim afrO'c -,m so-stinh IO'i khuyen cua cdc tac-gid vo-i kinh-nghi~m riengcua minh d~ tim ra m{5t phrrO'ng-phap.

KhOng khi new ciumg toi dam lin ding phU'O'ng-phap ify hoem hdo vi cM-ng rieng gi ca-nhan, ngay den cdnhtin.loEli, hl can s6ng la can tim kiem, thl-nghi~m d~ cdi thi~n moi cong vi~c. V 9Y cMc-cMn cuon nay COTt nhieu cM sO'.sot. SlY di chUng toi dam trinh no vo-i d9c-gid la· can mong rlhii'ng bllc cao-minlt Sf vi cac bqn. tre hieu h{Jc ma vq.ch giiun nhii'ng cM thieu hoij.c sai va chI bdo cho nhii'nt kinh-nghiem rieng ur cua chu vi. DU'{J'c vQy thi th{l'c la V(l11 hq.nh CM chUng toi.

Long.Xuyen ngay 3-1-195,

·CHUO'NC 1

.f~1 SAO PHAI IV-HQC?

Hpc hoa; di. Ca; hai nMt La t{l' lam do ta la thoi hoc. Thai hpc bu: nao 'M Mt duu lhr;t lui liu: cry.

H. N. CASSON Toi dij.t h<mh-phUc cua toi tront str tim-loi d~ hi~u biet.

CLEMENCEAU

'1.- TbI naola t1;l' bqc 1

:2.- Tyo hoc I .. m9l nhu c;u t1;l' nhi';n. 3.- T yo hQc la m9t .yo can .thilt;

8} 80 khuyet nen giiSo clvc 0- trU'(}ng.

b) Co tv hpc mui Iilm trpn nhiem vv dU'(J'c.

c) C~n biet clung th] gii} ranh.

cI) Tv hr;Jc I~ mpt n'hu d'u cua thi}i api.

'4.- T" hoc la m9l cai thli ;

a) Tv hpc I~ mpt cupc du tich.

b) Ta co Quyen tv Iva giao SII'.

c) Cae giao SU' a6 8n ui te,

d)' Th6 vui fiH thanh nha ccia S(J' '(1' hpc. :5.- eli; 19"; tbiEl.thY'c cua 'Y' tY' hQc.

12

1

THE NAO, LA TV-HOC?

CaC t\1'-di~n deu cho tir-hoc la hQC lay, khOng cl'l thay. Theo thi~n.Y,nhU"/~y la sai ..

Tei d6ng tien theo mot lap harn-thu, NgU'b-i ta go-i . bai cho tei hoc, ch6 nao khong hi~u, tei viet thtr hoi.

NgU'Cri ta l~i ra bai cho tei lam, lam xong c6 giao-sir stra. NhU' v~y 1a toi hoc c6 thay rna ciing v~n 1a nr-hoc.

Th9' thuyen 0- Au, My, buoi toi thirong theo hoc nhfrng lap day ve nghe-nghi~p ho~c chinh tri ... HQ ciing cap sach tai tnro-ng, cling nghe giao-str giang bai roi ve nha lam bai, hoc bai nhtr chung ta hoi nho V?y. Ma c6 ai bao rang ho khong phai 1a ttr-hoc ?

Tv:-h9C la khong ai Mt-bu9C ma tu: minh tun-tbi, hoc: hoi de hieu biet them. Co thay hay khong, ta khOngciin biet. Ngiriri ur-hoc hoan toan lam chu mmh, muon h9C man nao tuy y, muon h9C ltu: nao ciing dU'(Yc: do mci lQ dieuki~n quan-trong.

2

TV-HOC LA MQT NHU!"C).U TV -NHIEN CVA LOAI NGUCn

Hi.eu nghia nhir v~y thi Sl1 c\1'-hQc la mQt nhu.cau t\t'-nhiell ctia loai ngtro-i,

Chung ta ai ciing c6 ban-nang to-me muon hi~u ro them chinh than ta va vii tru & chung quanh. Nhc,. V?y loai ngU'Cri mai van-minh, lam chu van v~t, nen c6 ngU'Cri da: n6i ~Qt each ngQ-nghinh dng: II NgU'Cri chi khac loa; v~t & cbo biet hOi: T ~i sao? •

'I'{li lao phai tl!-h9C ?

13

. Tuy ai cling to-mo mu6n hi~u bi~t them nlurnz phan dong chUng ta c6 tanh lam bi~ng, lU'Cri suy.nghi.okhOng chiu kh6 nhoc tim-tel, chi thich nhfrng cii vui d~ kiem,va mQt khi da: du an, khong can thay phai boi.dU'iYng Hah..: than, d~o-du-c nfra. nen so ngU'Cri t\t'-hQC rat it va ngU'Cri nao da kien-tam t\t'-hQC thi 's&m muon gi cling vU'9't han len tren nhfrng ngU'Crf khac, kheng gUu sang hon thi

ciing dU'Q'c kinh-trQng hon. .

,

Ttl-HOC LA MOT str CAN- THIh

a) 86-khuyet nen giao,dvc a tnrwng.

Trong cuon Thl.h~ ngay mai, toi da chi - trich neD gi3o-dI,1C hi~n-thCri cia tao N6 c6 nhieu khuyet-di~m rna hai khuyet-di~tli lon la :

_ Qua thien ve tri-tu~, xao nhang th~-dl,1c va dU-c-d1;1c.

Cr ban tieu-hQc,trong 26 giCr, c6 t&i 23 giCr tU'·lYi de 1uy~n tri; & Dam thu- 4 ban cao-ti~u ct1ng v~y; con 0- l&p Tan D~-nhat (19 moderne) d~ thi Tu..taj phan nhat, m6i twn bee-sinh hQC 23 giCr thi c6 t&i 22 giCr ve trl-duc, th~ dl,1c dU'Q'C I giCr, du-c-d1;1C tuy~t.nhien khong c6. Tuy tirog ban, sO giCr ~y, khoa-hcc cl1iem tir 35 t6-i 56 phan trw so giCr tong-cQng. NgU'Cri ta muon cho tre biet gan du cac nganh ctia khoa-hoc ; nhtrng vi bi~n hoc menh-rneng, m6i ogay S\1' hieu biet ctia loai ngU'Cri cang tang-tien, dll hoc auot dCri cling chtra dU'9'C bao nhieu, huong ho chi m&i hoc trong miro'i nam, nen 0- ban Trung hoc ra, hoc sinh chi m&i biet qua dU'Q'c it dai-cirong, it thirong thirc ve m6i nganh thoi.

Cr ban D~i hoc ra thl cling V?y: ve thu'C1Dg thu-c dl

14

Til h9C: mc)t hhu-cau •••

<hang biet gi hem rna ve nganh chuyen moo thl cillli <hi rno-i hQC dU'Q'c nhfrng dieu din-ban. MQt b"ac-si ykhoa, mQt dtrQ'c SU', mQt tan si lu~t khoa chang han, neu khong hQC then; thi khi mM b tnrong ra c6 biet gi vl ~u--kY, dja-IY •.. hern mQt ciu Tu dau. va S\1' hoc chuyen mon cUa hQ da c6 th! giiip feb gi dU'Q'c nhieu dau.

V~y hQ phai t\l' hQC d~ mb m311g tri t~, trau. gi~ nghe nghiep va nbat Ia tu than luyen tinh, tirc b~ m~t <hA khuy~t l60n trong nen giao due IaQ dli hap thu ' dU'Q'C tten ghe nha trtrong.

_ Plurong-phap day b trtrong c6 tinh each qua Moi SQ. Mon gi cUng can nho', nha cho th~t nhieu, tOi lOon toan phap ma cl1ng khong d~y tre phan tich, hat hQC thuQc clch chirng minh cac dinh-IY.

Til' diu the-kY nay, biet bao giao-str va hQc-gil b Phap, tit Talne t60i Gustave Le Bon, A. Carrel, Gaston Viaud, Paul Laberenne.i, dli m~t-sat loi bat nho' nhi!u -rna kheng ~p cho suy-nghi ay.

MU'o-i nha doanh nghi~p tiep xiic vb-i thanh nien th) "9 ngU'Oi phan nan rang (I so trung binh nhfrng hQC sinh .(:y Trung hQC hay f)~i hoc ra khonghi~ chiit gi ve cong vi~c, khOng biet kien thiet, sang tao, chi huy n.

Ong Stanley ron n6i ba phan ttr nhfrng thanh rueD.

Anh ngU'o-i ta .n qua chau Phi cho ong, ng~c-nhienva lurnh quynh khi ong bao hQ suy nghi lay. T ~ nl1ac Anh con v ~y, n6i gi den Dlr&c Minh !

TrU'o-ng-hQC bay gio- dao tao nhfrng con ngU'CYi may -nhU' v~y_d6. Neu ta muon lam con ngU'o-i chtr kh6ng

-ehju man dCYi lam cai may thl dt nhien ta phii t11 hcc-

b) C6 h,-h'lc mlri lam tron nhifm-v\I f;u. til dU'Q'c.

Trong gia-dinh ta c6 b~n-ph~n ~y con, sln-.6c

Tqi sao phai t,!-h{)c .,

15

sU-c khoe cho mQi ngU'Oi, lam hang chuc nhfrng oong-viec I~t v~t ma trU'e-ng c6 ~y ta chut gi v~ nhfrng chirc-v\l~ d6 dau.

Trong xli-hQi ta phii giao thi~p vai mQi ~ng ngtrm, phai biet an n6i, biet do xet tam Iy, chi-buy, t~irc. .. ma nhfrng men ay, tnro-ng khOng h~ ~y cho ta biet.

ROi nhi~m-v1;1 lam oong-dan b then ~ nay nfra, pi n~ng nhoc lam sao I !Chong th~ trong ~y vao S\1' hcc & nha trU'o-ng d~ lam tron n6 dU'Q'c.

Til' khi c6 ban • Tuyen ngon nhan quyen va danquyen II cia cac nha each mang a Phap, Ian Ian d1n trong m6i nU'o-c van Minh d\1'Q'C quyen tham-gia chinh-tri, QuOc-gia khong phai la cia rieng mQt nh6m nao nfra va ai clng c6 b~n-ph~n 10 vi~c mroc. Th\1'C dUng nhu' 100i co nhan: « Quoc gia hirng vong, that phu hfru traeh D. MQt 1a tham cia ta, m6i S\1' quyet dinh cu.a ta c6 the :i.nh h\1'bng Urn to-i s\l'thinh-suy cia ci dan-tQc.

Nhiem-vu quantrong nhtr v~y rna phaB dong chung ta chang hieu chiit gi ve chinh-tr], kinh-te.

Nho- khoa-hoc, S\1' giao-dich, thong-tin, truyen hi tU'-tU'bng phat-trien rat maah, khOng mQt quoo..gia nao & dlo-i nay khong chiu anh-hu&ng gao hay xa cia cac bien cO trong nhfrng quoc gia khac, Chien-tranh & Trieu-Tien, cu~ bau-cu- T~g-Thong My, sirc khOe cia Staline, tinh-hlnh dinh.ceng a Phap, nQi-lo~n b Ba.Ttr, 5\1' tai vo-trang nuo-c Dirc ... , nhat ahat deu djnhdoat trong m(}t phan nao chinh-sach mgoal-glao kinh-te cia tao Cho nen khoa chinh-tr] va kinh-te phirc-tap, kb6 khan ho-n hoi xira vo.cung, Ta phii biet su--kY, dia-Iy cia m6i mrcc, phai biet do-i song va tU'-tU'bng· cac nb! cam-quyen cia cac cU'o-og-quoc, chinh-sach ngoai-giao ciao m~i noi-cac, tinh-hinh cac dang phai quan-trong & Phap,

16

T/!-h9C: mQt nhu-ctiu ...

Anh, My •• , t6m l~i biet bao nhieu dieu rna a tnro-ng ra, xa chang hieu may-may gi ca. Danh phai hQC lay.

c) ehn bi~t dung th'-gia rlmh.

T\1'-hQc con la mQt !:\1' can-thiet a the-ky nay vi chung ta c6 rat nhieu thi-gio ranh. Hoi xira anh em lao t19ng phal lam 12 c6 khi 14 giiY mQt ngay. M&i each t1ay

. t1Q 100 narn, tho thuyen a Phap co khi luon 5-6 thang khong diroc biet anh sang m~t trot. HQ d~y tir luc con toi, t&i hang lam vi~c trong ham luon t&i trtra, t111'Q'c nghi tay 1 gier'de an uong ngay tai hang roi lam tiep t&i khi m~t tro'i l~n rno i diroc ve nha, an xong, Ian ra ngu de sang sam hom sau song CU9C deri hac-am nhtr v~y thang nay qua thang khac.

Tir khi lu~t lao-dong diro'c ap.dung, chung ta chi phai lam 48 hoac 40 gier mot t'6an. Khoa-hoc cang ngay cang tien, so gier do se con: rut nira. Biet db day,trongval chuc narn nira, di~n tu- va nguyen ttr hrc chang cho ta diroc ngh! m6i ngay them vai gier nfra. Neu khong hoc them thi lam gi cho het thi-gio ranh d6? Goethe da noi : « Van-dl! dung nhiing liu: Tanh ia van-de kh6 gidi-quyet r:.hfit cua Lolli ngiriri ". Lo'i d6 rat chi-ly. Du c6 d?t them nhieu mon tieu, khien hfru_ich cho anh em lao-dong thi ciing khong du, vi cho i noal se chin ; chi con each 1a khuyen-khich ho t\1'hoc. Nho hoc them rna anh em lao-dong Sf! thay mlnh khoi bi no Ie may - m6c, vi c6 dip suy-nghi t1e tranh nhfrng cong vi~c qua chuyen mono

Ong Fourastie trong cuon Les 40.000 heures bao hi~n nay tri thirc cua loai l:~treri tang tien rat mau ma trcng it chuc narn nira, chung ta se chi con pHi lam vi~c 30 gier mot tuan, 40 tuan mot narn, luc do sir hoc them, Sl,l' t\!,-h9C se la mQt nhu cau khan thiet. Hicn Gay a A.u, My llgU'erl ta cia cam thay nhu cau do roi.

17

d) TV hQc la mQt nhu diu eua thai d~i _ va-. 'am vu-a hQc - Con s6ng con IlQc-

IT Phap, mo'i trong khoang rmrc'i Dam nay, xuat hien mQt quan-niern m&i cang ngay cang d11'gc nhieu ng11'o-i ltru y t&i: quan tl.i~m «giao ducthiro ng xuyen »

(education perrnanente), •

, Triro-c het, ng11'Cri ta th!fy trong moi nganh, tri thirc cu~ loai ngtro-i tang tien rat mau. Chang han trong nganh Y -khoa, mQt hac si chuyen tri cac benh ngoai da bao toi : '( Nam nao cung c6 nhieu ph at minh m&i trong nganh chuyen mon cUa toi, thanh thu- sach m&i phat hanh, khi b~y 0- ti~m sach thi da h6a cu roi. Phai doc deu deu nhieu tap chi Y -khoa thi m&i theo dol diro-c n~frng t!ll1A b9 trong nghe », Nhii'l1g ng::nh kh.ic cling gin gan nhir V;;IY.

Roi ngtro-i ta lai nghiem rang trong moi nganh hoat dQng, mot nhan vien trong bat ky rnot cap biro nao d~g hi~.~ biet ...rQng.~ao nhie~ thi fam vi~c cang dac h.:c bay nhieu, Tat nhle? he phai hieu biet ve nghe nghiep ciia ho ; nhirng baynhieu chira du, ho con can biet it nhieu ve trao I11'u t11' t11'ang tren the gi&i, ve van chtrong, n.gh~ thuat, chinh tr], kinh te, xa h<)i hoc, tam IY h9C nih. Cho nen trong n19t hang no, vien Giam doc mo-l mot vi tl~~c, si van chiro-ng lai di~n thuyet cho nhan vien nghe v: tac P?am: «Ngtr ong va bien ca)) cua Hemingway roi cung thao lu~n ve nguyen vong cua loai ng11'eri trong thai d~i nay; Ian khac moi mQt thac SI triet hoc lai n6i chuy~n ve « than ph~n con ngtreri trong kich 'cUa' Jean Paul Sartre »,

V~y tri thirc chuyen mon tuy vin fa can thiet rna tri thtrc ph1) thong cang ngay cang c6 gia tr] vi n6 bo tuc cho cii trcn,

18

Til hoc : m(Jt nhu-cliu ..•

NhU'ng & trtrerng hQC, du la nhfrng tnrerng cao d!ng. ~i· bee, cling khong th~ cao ~y du dU'Q"c ; ma Cr tr1remg ra vai ba nam, neu sinh vien khong thea doi nhfrng dn bQ trong nganh cua mlnh, thi tri thirc cling h6a ra 16i thM cho nen can c6 mQt to chirc giao due thU'Crng xuyen.

(y Phap, c6 ngU'Cri da: nghi nen rut bOot so giCr lam

v~c trong m6l tuan d~ bo tiic str-giao due ve nghe nghi~p va. ve trl thu-c pho thong cho cac hang nhan VieD (Ban bolo cio ella Rueff-Armand - 1960, Tap chi Hommes et Commerce 1963); c6ngU'Cri l~i mong rlng vai chuc nam nua ngtrCri ta c6 the cho cac nhan vien cao cap trong mQi nganh ru tam vi~c narn sau nam l:].i dU'Q"C nghi mQt nam, tf(y lai B~i-hQc, song dCri sinh vien trong mQt cam de trau doi them kien thirc rna theo kip nhirng. tan be. ve nganh clla minh. (Louis Armand - Encyclopedie Universelle-Gerard et Cie).

Hi~n nay nhung nguy~n vong do chtra co mQt quoc gia.nao thee hi~n dU'Q"c - mroc nao, ngan sach ve quOc phong ciing qua cao rna ngan sach ve giao due cling qua thap - nhirng chi vai chuc nam nua thoi, ngU'Cri ta pbiii thoa man cii nhu cau ella thM d<].i d6, cai nhu clu bQc hOi them hoal, vira tam vil'a hoc, con song con hQC.

Tit sau the chien, 51! khao khat hQC hoi ella 10M

ngU'M ~ng len du dQi.

(y Phap, ngtrQoi ta da: tinh cir 100 thanh nien, nam 1900 c6 1,5 hQC t6'i Tu tai va I to-i Crr nhan, nam 1920 c6 2,2 hoc t&i Tu tai va 2 t&i Crr nhan, nam 1950 c6 5 hoc t&i Tu tai va 2 t&i Crr nhan, nam 1960 c6 II,5 hQC t&i Tu tai va 3.3 t&i Crr nhan, narn 1970 se c6 23 hQc t&i Tu tal va 7 t&i Crr nhan.

Nghia la tir 1950 tr& di, cir 10 nam thi ti 50 thanh nien c6 Tu tai, crr nhan lai taQ.g len gap doi,

19

56 sach ban dU'Q"c cfing tang len raf manh. (y Hue..

Ky chi trong 5 nam, til' 1955 den 1960, 56 sach ban dU'Q'c ting len 65% ma so may truyen hinh (television) Iq,i gi.im odi trell 20%. Tang len rnanh nhat la iOq,i sach re tien "nhU' Livres de poche, Mar a bout, Cardinal. Trinh do ella nhfrng loai sach nay ding m6i ngay mQt tien; m&I dau ItlgU'Cri ta chi in tieu thuyet, roi Hin Ian ngU'Cri ta xuat ban 'Uhfrng CUO'l pho thong kien thirc ve bach-khoa,

(j Phap khong biet c6 t&i may chuc thir sach BachKh03: til' nhfrng thir cho thanh nien nhir Encyclopedie pour la [eunesse clla nha Larousse, t&i nhirng thtr cho nhfrng ngU'Cri Ion it hoc nhir Encyclopedic universelle ctia Dha Gerard et Cie, nhirng thir trinh de) cao hon cho hang ·ngU'O-i tri thirc nhtr Clartes, Les Grandes encyclopedies pratiques, Encyclopedic francaise - Larousse.; Lai connhfrng sach nho xet rieng tirng van de mQt nhir . trong cac 10:],i Que Sais-je, Pour connaitre, Petite bibliotheque Payot, Idees (Gallimard) Voici; Pourquoi? Comment? Ce qu'i! nous faut savoir ... dti trinh dQ cho moi hang ngU'M chuyen rnon ho~c khong chuyen mono NgU'Cri ta hieu hQC nrnr v~y, trach chi rna chang tien rnau,

l;J.

IT m(>t ntro-c lac h~u, kern phat trien nhtr mro'c ta''SV giao due clng co mQt tam quan trong d~c biet, Chung 'ta pbli thanh toan cho mau cii nan mu chfr, chung ta lai phiii nang cao trinh dQ ctia quoc dan d~ c6 the thea kip. 'dU'Q"c cac nU'&c tien tien.

Giao due (y nha trtro'ng da: thieu sot rna chung ta l<].i chira the nghi (1en mQt chinh sach giao due thiro ng xuy.en, ciin~ ,chU'a "co nhfrng to chirc giao due sau khi ra tnrong, thi it nhat chung ta cfing phai hru tam t&i st.r

,~iao due d:].i chting Mng sach bolo.

20

Tir-boc: m(>t nhu.diu •••

f)anh r~ng trong luc oay mol heat-dong phai htro-ng ci ve chien tranh, nlnrng chung ta ciing nen nhin xa mQt chut. Cuoc chi~n tranh bl tharn nay tr~ tlm la nam, mtrOi narn nfr; ciing phai dtrt hoac tarn ngirng. Sire chiu dl1ng clla dan chting xt'r nao ciing c6 han - va luc do pbai kii:n thiet. Chii:n tranh clng keo -dal thi khi thai blnh, Sl! kiCll thiet cang doi hoi nhieu n6 hrc, Va lam sao chUng

. ta co the kien thiet cho mau, cho dac lire dtr9'c khi ma trinh-do ky thuat va van hoa clla quac dan rat thap kern. Khi narn chuc phan tram dan chung con mu chfr, ba chuc ph an tram khac may Um doc dtr9'c mot trang bao va lam dtro'c bon phep toan, va tim, chin phan tram nih khong doc cai gi khac may ter bao h~ng ngay. may to- di~n anh, may tieu thuyet re tien; khi nhu'ng can bQ trung cap kh6ng hieu chut gi ve. nhfrng nr trao hien dai tren the gi&i, nhfrng van de khan cap ctia Man lo~i, khong nhan chan dtroc cai htro'ng tien cua xa hQi; khi da so giao Str khong biet chut gi ve nhfrng phong trao tan giao due, khi da so ky sir khong bH~t rnon to chirc cong vi~c ttl- sau the chien den nay da tan bQ ra sao, khOng biet rnon tam ly xa-hQi co tam quan trong mtrc hao trong cac xi nghiep ; khi d~ida so cac nha trl thtrc khOng he dQC mot cuon nao ve nhfrng van de kinh te cila tho-i dai, ve nhfrng diCu ki~n phat trien kinh te t~i nhfrng mroc cham tien nhir mro'c minh ..• thi tam sao dan toe ta c6 the tHin mau cho du-oc, du c6 dtr9'c cac Ctrern~ quoc thirc tam vi~n tro du' ci ttl- ttr ban, tM may moe, chuyen vien. Vi vande nhan S1,1' bao gio- ciing ia van de quan trong han c;i rna q.i nhfrng xtr kem phat trien van de d6 lai cang khan tnrong nhst, Ma muon dao tao con ngtro-i thi lOa triro'ng chua dll, pbai co nhieu sach b ionfl-a. Cong vi~c giao due d6 phai mu·CYi narn m&i co ket qua, cho nen luon luon phai dnh trtr&c cllo mu'(yi nam sau.

Toi sao phai tir-hoc ?

21

Nhir a tren chung toi da n6i, hi~n tho-i a mro'c nao S1,1' giao due sau khi ra trirong ciing h6a racan thiet, nhfrng lo-p hoc cho ngtrCri Ion, nhfrng loai sach, bao pho thong tri thirc cang phai phat trien manh.

Chinh quyen gan day da han che so tieu thuyet dang tren m6i bao h~ng ngay, Chinh sach d6 h9'P thCri : ttl- nam sau nam nay nhieu ngtreri da cho- d9'i mot quyet djnh nhtr V?y. M9t so ngtreri cho rang bao khong con dang tieu thuyft nfra thi so d9C gia se giam di rna, h~i cho cong vi~c thong tin. f)9'i it thang nfra xem n6i 10 ngai do c6 dung khong. Theo thienkien thi d6- chi U van de th6i quen: rno-i dau "mQt so dQc gia thay thieu cai m6n d6 ciing tiec, ciing nhe- ; nhirng khong' con kiem dau ra diro'c nfra thi danh dung tam m6n mo'i V?y, lau roi ciing quen Ian m6n cii di, va tM met hie nao d6 ngU'Cri ta se thay rang nhfrng men mo-i the rna c6 nhieu vi han nhfrng mon cii. Ltic d6 ta co the noi dtr9'crlng quan chung da diroc giao h6a, da c6 mot trinh dQ van hoa cao han, va ta da d~t dtr9'c m\1C dich ctia giao due, vi rnuc dich cua giao due khOng phai U chi tim each thoa man nhu cau tinh than ctia quan cluing rna con phai tao them nhfrng nhu cau m6i ngay m6i cao han cho quiin chung.

'- Nhtrng du sao bao h~ng ngay ciing chi la nhirng CO' quan thong tin, chir khong thirc Ii nhfrng Co' quan giio d\1C. Cho nen chinh quyen con can tien them mQt btro'c nfra, khuyen khich cac tap chi pho thong dt'rng dan va xuat ban vai loai sach pho thong cho hai hang ngtro'i : hang binh dan va hang thanh nien c6 sire hoc tiro'ng do-o-ng vai b?c tu tai rna muon trau gioi them kien thirc,

Viet loai sach pl:o thong do, coi v?y rna khong phai d~. Phii hieu thau van c1e, viet mQt tram trang co khi