WELL TESTING CONCEPT

During a well test, the pressure response of a reservoir to changing production (or injection) is monitored. OF THE DERIVATION

DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
Input Reservoir Output

Ti e

Ti e

!EY CONCEPTS TO "E USED

D#r()*s '#+%

Conserv#tion o$

#ss%

#ss &#'#n(e

e,u#tion o$ otion -re'#tions.ip &et+een $'o+ r#te/ $or #tion #n0 $'ui0 properties #n0 pressure 1r#0ient2 E,u#tion o$ st#te% re'#tions.ip &et+een (o pressi&i'it)/ 0ensit) #n0 pressure

DERIVATION OF THE DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION

"#si( #ssu ptions%

One 0i ension#' .ori3ont#' r#0i#' $'o+ Const#nt $or #tion properties -4/ ./ 2 Const#nt $'ui0 properties - / "/ (o 2 S'i1.t') (o pressi&'e $'ui0 +it. (onst#nt
(o pressi&i'it) Pore vo'u e (o pressi&i'it) is (onst#nt -( $ 2 D#r()*s '#+ is #pp'i(#&'e Ne1'e(t 1r#vit) e$$e(ts

Sin1'e p.#se r#0i#' $'o+

RADIAL SYSTE5
r+ r r

RADIAL SYSTE5

#ss in

r #ss out r6 r

vo'u e e'e ent

CONSERVATION EQUATION
(Mas flow in) Mass flow rate "ul# vo lm ue $
r

(Mass flow out )

r+ r

Mass accumulation !Area ! ! velocity density time change of mass over time t etween r and r+ r Mass accumulation

pr) -r & h %(r+

''

''

' r r h %r +'r r+( r) -r &p h '

p
t 'p
t

(Mass flow rate in) %' &

r

(Mass flow rate out) (' )

p -' Mass accumulation r rh r()() rh

r+ r

p rhv t r p rhv ff
tt+

+ rr

CONSERVATION EQUATION
(Mas flow in) r

(Mass flow out) (' p rhv t )

r+ r

Mass accumulation

p rhv t ( ')

()() pf rrh ' pfrrh () r &

r+ r tt+t

' t

Divide $oth sides $( ' r r p ) % ()rv rv r )( ) (rv )

rr + r

h t
tt+t

() ff ()

rt r *he a$ove e+uation is call the continuit( e+uation.

DARCY*S LAW
,u$stitute Darc(-s law into the continuit( e+uation )()kp %& r rr rt ./pand the derivat ives of the products of terms ) %kp p ()()()& rr + + rr rrr tt 0ppl( the chain rule to th e derivatives of and ) %()()()&% kp p & ' rr + + ppt rrrpr
vrkp

EQUATION OF STATE
*he relationship $etween compressi$ilit(, densit( and pressure is given $(1 co p )

*he definition of pore volume compressi$ilit( is1 cf p )

2se the a$ove e+uations to replace the derivatives of a nd ) %() kpp ()&% & rrc cc + +oof r rrr
'

p t

DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
Divide $oth sides of the a$ove e+uation $( # and multipl( $( to o$tain1 ) () p p + r cr () o rr r k t ccc +
tof '

c t

*he a$ove e+uation is called the diffusivit( e+uation. 3t is non-linear partial dif ferential e+uation due to the p' term c *o r () $e a$le . to solve it using anal(tical
o

techni+ues it needs to $e lineari4ed .

LINEARI7ATION OF THE DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION

*o lineari4e the diffusivit( e+uation we need to ma#e the assumption that thepressure gradients are m s alland use the assumption that fluid compressi$ilit( is small. p' *herefore the termco r () is smal l compared to other terms and can $e neglected. *he lineari4ed diffusivit( e+uation $ecomes1 ) () pp ct r rr r k t

OIL FIELD UNITS

4 8 per e#&i'it) - 02 . 8 $or #tion t.i(4ness -$t2 8 porosit) -$r#(tion2 8 $'ui0 vis(osit) -(p2 r 8 r#0i#' 0ist#n(e -$t2 r+ 8 +e''&ore r#0ius -$t2 t 8 ti e -.ours2 p 8 pressure -psi1 or psi#2 pi 8 initi#' reservoir pressure -psi1 or psi#2 , 8 $'o+ r#te -ST"9D2 " 8 $or #tion vo'u e $#(tor -res: &&'9ST"2 (t 8 tot#' s)ste (o pressi&i'it) -psi ;< 2

DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION IN OIL FIELD UNITS

c ) ppp ' ) p t () r '.567 + )8 ' -9 rr! r r rr kt *he a$ove e+uation is second order (highest
derivative with respect to space i s two) linear partial (it has derivatives with respect to two independent varia$le ra nd t) differential e+uation. *o solve it we need two $oundar( conditions and an initial condition.

"OUNDARY CONDITIONS
). *he flow rate at the well$ore is given $( Darc(-s law1 + #h p (r ) at r r for t 8 r rw )9).' rB
w

.
+

p (r ) r r r#h

)9).'+"
w

Ti e

'. 3f we consider a s(stem large enough so will $ehave li#e an infi p

that it

nite acting s(stem, then far

i

awa( from the well$ore the pressure will remain at p . : an( value of an( time. p as r for
i

R#0ius

INITIAL CONDITION ,ince the promlem under investigation is time dependant, the initial pressure should $e #nown at time t 8. 8. 8 for all values of r .
p
i

2sing uniform pressure distri$ution throughout the s(stem at t p(r,8) p at t

i

R#0ius

DI5ENSIONLESS VARIA"LES
*o ma#e the e+uation and its solution more general for an( fluid and reservoir s(stem it, is more conve nien t to e/p ress it in dimen Dime nsio nless pr essur e1 kh p ()p i pDqB )9). ' Dimensio t
D'

sionless varial$les.

n less time1

'.567 ) ! 8- 9 kt cr
tw

Dimensionless radius1 r
D

r r

DI5ENSIONLESS VARIA"LES
Differential e+uation1
'

ppp ) DDD + ' t rrr

DDD D

())

"oundar( conditions1 p D (r ) -) Dr ) r
D

(')
D

DD

8 as r for : an( value o 8 at t

f t (6)
D

3nital conditi o 1n p (r ,8)

DD D

8 for all values of r

() 9