Writing Argument Essay 1.

Structures
Structures Introduction: - Introducing the topic. - Giving background information and Narrowing the topic. - Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay. Body: - Reason 1 (with supporting ideas!. - Reason (with supporting ideas!. - Reason " (with supporting ideas!. Conclusion: - Restate your point of view. - Summary is re#uired.

2. Useful expressions for gi ing your point of ie! Nh$ng c%m t& g'i ( )* kh+ng ),nh ( ki-n b.n th/n 0 v1n )2 n3u ra 0 )2 b4i. Nh$ng c%m t& n4y th56ng s7 )5'c s8 d%ng 0 ph9n m0 b4i ho:c k-t b4i. - In my opinion/ In my view/ From my point of view. - I (strongly) believe/think (that) - My opinion is - To my mind - The way I see it - !s far as I am "on"erned - It seems/appears to me that - I (do not) agree with - I strongly/absol#tely/totally/"ertainly/partially $ agree with/approve of/s#pport/disagree with. - I am totally against - It strikes me that - I am (not) "onvin"ed that - It is my firm belief that Task: Nowadays, computers are an important part of most peoples everyday lives. This change has improved the way people live. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Introduction: ;<t m0 b4i hay c9n n3u ra )5'c ch= )2> gi?i h@n ch= )2 v4o v1n )2 c=a )2 b4i v4 n3u ra ( ki-n c=a cA nh/n. a. Introducing t"e topic B9u ti3n> chCng ta c9n DAc ),nh Eh= )2 c=a )2 b4i F4 gGH Neu ch= )2 DAc ),nh F4 IEomputersJ thG #uA r<ng> s7 r1t m1t cKng )* gi?i h@n ch= )2 0 cAc c/u sau> nh5 vLy m0 b4i s7 d4i khKng c9n thi-t. MLy ch= )2 cN th* F4O #$"e c"anges computers "a e on our li es%. Nh5 vLy> c/u )9u ti3n c=a m0 b4i b@n cN th* vi-tO Phe changes computers have on our Fives has become a source of controversy over the years. Qithout a doubt> computers have changed the way peopFe Five. &. 'i ing &ac(ground information and )arro!ing t"e topic 1

R )/y> gi?i h@n F@i topic )S )5a ra (Phe changes computers have on our Fives!. T5?ng gi?i h@n 0 )/y b@n dUa v4o )2 b4iO This change has improved the way people live. BN F4 s* +,n" gi, (tVt> D1u> tWch cUc> ti3u cUc! v2 nh$ng thay )Xi m4 mAy tWnh t@o n3n cho )6i sVng con ng56i. Nh5 vLy> )2 b4i s7 )5'c gi?i h@n v2 v1n )2 #E aluating t"e -uality of t"ose c"anges% P& )N> c/u vYn ti-p theo cN th* F4O ZvaFuating the #uaFity of those changes is Fess cFear and is sub[ect to individuaF opinions and attitudes. \eopFe have many different ways of evaFuationg these changes. c. 'i ing your point of ie! and mentioning t"e main areas co ered in t"e essay R )/y> b@n trUc ti-p )5a ra #uan )i*m c=a mGnh> t]c F4 ho:c )^ng (> ho:c khKng )^ng (> ho:c ch_ m<t ph9n )^ng (. R )/y cN F7 cAch ch`n khKn ngoan nh1t F4 IpartFy agreeadisagreeJ. P]c F4 ch_ )^ng (akhKng )^ng ( m<t ph9n> vG rb r4ng tAc )<ng c=a mAy tWnh F3n )6i sVng con ng56i v&a cN nh$ng m:t tWch cUc v&a cN nh$ng m:t ti3u cUc. M?i )2 b4i n4y> mGnh s7 ch`n cAch ti-p cLn )N F4O S* t,c +.ng c/a m,y t0n" c"/ y1u l2 t0c" c*c3 tuy n"i4n c5ng c6 m.t s7 8n +9 +,ng -uan t:m. P& )N> c/u vYn cuVi ccng c=a m0 b4i cN th* F4O Idased on my eDperiences and observations> I think that> on the baFance> computers have improved most peopFees Fivesf however> the benefits shouFd be seen in Fight of a few substantiaF probFemsJ Puy nhi3n> n-u b@n ch`n ";<ng t"= "ai: >,y t0n" c"/ y1u t,c +.ng ti4u c*c l4n cu.c s7ng con ng;?i3 tuy n"i4n@ c5ng c6 n"Ang t,c +.ng t0c" c*c cBn c"C D> b@n cN th* vi-tO Idased on my eDperiences and observations> I think that> on the baFance> computers have harm most peopFees Fivesf however> the drawbacks shouFd be seen in Fight of a few substantiaF benefitJ C"C D: d@n cN th* th1y cAch vi-t 0 )/y r1t Finh hoagt> s8 d%ng hihu #u. vVn t& ng$> c1u trCc c/u. MW d%O - Ein(ing !ords: on the baFance> however. - Expressions for gi ing your point of ie!: dased on my eDperiences and observations> I think that. - Cautious language: shouFd be seen. - Synonyms: probFems and drawbacks. - Antonyms: improve and harm. - F"rases Fike %in light of& Nh5 vLy> b@n )S cN m<t m0 b4i ho4n ch_nhO Qithout a doubt> computers have changed the way peopFe Five. ZvaFuating the #uaFity of those changes is Fess cFear and is sub[ect to individuaF opinions and attitudes. dased on my eDperiences and observations> I think that> on the baFance> computers have improved most peopFees Fivesf however> the benefits shouFd be seen in Fight of a few substantiaF probFems. Body R ph9n m0 b4i> chCng ta )S ch`n #uan )i*mO $,c +.ng c/a m,y tGn" l4n +?i s7ng c"/ y1u l2 t0c" c*c@ tuy n"i4n c5ng c6 m.t s7 t,c +.ng ti4u c*c. MG th-> 0 th/n b4i> ng56i vi-t s7 tLp trung ph/n tWch nh$ng khWa c@nh tWch cUc m4 mAy tWnh tAc )<ng F3n cu<c sVng con ng56i nh5ng khKng #u3n ph/n tWch c. nh$ng khWa c@nh ti3u cUc. Nh5 th-> ta cN th* chia th/n b4i ra F4m ba )o@nO )o@n cho nh5ing tAc )<ng tWch cUc v4 1 )o@n cho nh$ng tAc )<ng ti3u cUc. \h9n tAc )<ng ti3u cUc n4n i1t gHn vG )/y khKng ph.i tr`ng t/m c=a b4i. Pr5?c khi )i v4o b4i vi-t c% th*> chCng ta )S ph.i Ic" D J&rainstormK cho nh$ng gG vi-t trong th/n b4i. EN th* gi.i #uy-t v?i m<t sV g'i (O Fositi e c"anges: - In"reased a""ess to information. ('( ti)p "*n r+ng r,i h-n v.i th/ng tin). - 0etter "omm#ni"ation. ('( giao ti)p t1t h-n). 2

- 0#siness transa"tions and goverment "onferen"ing ('( h2 tr3 trong kinh doanh giao d4"h v5 nh6ng h+i ngh4 "h7nh ph8). - (9o#r opinion). )egati e c"anges: - :hysi"al and psy"hologi"al problems. (;h6ng v<n => v> th? "h<t t@m l7). - (9o#r opinion). Sau )/y F4 ba )o@n vYn trong ph9n th/n b4i. Bo@n m<t v4 hai nNi v2 nh$ng tAc )<ng tWch cUc> )o@n ba nNi v2 tAc )<ng ti3u cUc. Prong cAc )o@n vYn mGnh )S )Anh d1u c8u trCc c=a m<t )o@n th/n b4i nh5 )S trao )Xi v?i cAc b@n 0 nh$ng b4i vi-t tr5?c. Lirst Body Faragrap": J$opic sentenceK $o &egin !it"@ computers have substantiaFFy improved peopFees Fives. JSupporting Idea 1K)eedless to say@ increased access to information is one of the most evident ways computers have changed the way we Five. (ZDampFe! jrom work> to hobbies> to Fearning about worFd events and scientific advancements> the Internet has given peopFe immediate access to information that was previousFy difficuFt or even impossibFe to get. (ZDpanding! Qith more and better information> we can make smarter decisions. JSupporting Idea 2K Anot"er beneficiaF change to peopFees Fives that can be directFy attributed to computers is that of &etter communication tec"nologies. (ZDampFe! Phese incFude the most personaF eDchanges carried out via emaiF or instant messaging> to the most compFeD communication sateFFite systems that aFFow us to watch a QorFd Eup game Five from the other side of the worFd. Second Body Faragrap": JSupporting Idea MK >oreo er@ on top of these advances in our abiFity to obtain information and communicate> computers faciFitate e eryday &usiness@ transactions and go ernment conferencing . (ZDpanding 1! \eopFe nowadays can do business onFine> which saves them a Fot of time and money. (ZDampFe 1! knFine systems aFFow peopFe to do their banking> pay the biFFs> and even buy a new wardrobe without having to Feave home or even putting pen to paper.(ZDpanding !SimiFarFy> goverment conferencing can take pFace onFine with no need to traveF Fong distances to attend meetings. (ZDampFe ! Phis form of meeting is becoming more and more popuFar in many countries. JConcludingK Phus> since the advent of computers> peopFees Fives have changed a Fot in a positive way. $"ird &ody paragrap": J$opic sentenceK Some observers might say this aFF sounds great> yet there are do!nsides to the computer revoFution that Fessen some of the appeaF of these benefits> if onFy sFightFy. (Supporting idea 1! Phe most prominent is physicaF probFems. (ZDpanding 1! If peopFe spend so much time at their computers> they do not get enough eDercise> which can Fead to numerous heaFth probFems. (Supporting idea ! \sychoFFogicaFFy > with too much time spent sitting in front of computers> they do not deveFop heaFthy interpersonaF skiFFs. (ZDampFe ! Increases in depression and vioFence are two visibFe effects of this probFem. Conclusion JSummaryK It is far from "lear where the changes computers have brought to our Fives wiFF eventuaFFy take us. like aFF new technoFogy> computers bring miAed blessings to peoFees everyday Fives. JNpinionK mt present> I beFieve the benefits o#tweigh the negative conse#uences. Bo@n vYn cN nh$ng t& khN hi*u> cN th* t@m d,chO EhCng ta khN cN th* bi-t nh$ng thay )Xi m4 mAy tWnh )em )-n cu<c sVng s7 )5a ta t?i )/u. GiVng nh5 t1t c. nh$ng cKng nghh m?i> nh$ng tAc )<ng c=a mAy tWnh r1t ph]c t@p> c. tWch cUc Fnn ti3u cUc. Nh5ng 0 th6i )i*m n4y> tKi tin rong nh$ng F'i Wch v5't Da nh$ng h@n ch- m4 mAy tWnh )S )em F@i. M

Bo@n k-t theo )Cng n"Ang y4u cBu c=a m<t k-t b4i> v&a t6m tOt ph9n n<i dung 0 th/n b4i v&a kh+ng ),nh F@i -uan +i4Pm )S n3u 0 m0 b4i> )^ng th6i t@o c.m giAc "o2n c"Qn" cho m<t b4i vi-t. >.t +9 &2i t"am ("Ro: #In order to sol e traffic pro&lems@ go ernments s"ould tax pri ate car o!ners "ea ily and use t"e money to impro e pu&lic transportation. W"at are t"e ad antages and disad antages of suc" a solutionS% Essay Flan JStructureK 1. Introduction: - Introducing the topic. - Giving background information and Narrowing the topic. - Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay. B* hi*u rb hpn c1u trCc c=a m0 b4i> b@n cN th* Dem t@i &2i i1t n2y c=a mGnh 2. Body - \aragraph 1O mdvantages. - \aragraph O qisadvantages. EAc b@n hSy d4nh cho mdvantages m<t )o@n ri3ng v4 qisadvantages crng vLy. M?i msi )o@n b@n n3n )5a ra M supporting ideas> nghta F4 s7 cN " m:t m@nh v4 " m:t y-u. Puy nhi3n> 2 supporting ideas cho msi )o@n crng F4 )= n-u b@n vi-t )= d4i v4 s/u. l5u (O EAc b@n n3n vi-t )o@n v?i dung l;Tng t5png )Vi bong nhau> khKng n3n thi3n Fhch (bias! )Vi v?i advantages vau disadvantages. GiAm kh.o s7 khKng )Anh giA cao n-u b@n ch_ d4nh UV tW c"o ad antages v4 )-n 1UV tW c"o disad antages. B* c"uyXn +oIn@ b@n n3n s8 d%ng Finh ho@t m<t sV li4n tW ho:c mnu c:u mang ( nghta n";Tng &.Y+7i lZp. q5?i )/y F4 m<t sV mnu c/u vW d% m4 b@n cN th* Ap d%ng cho mHi +9 &2i. qespite these attractions> however> some drawbacks do eDistv mFthough v has many advantages> there stiFF eDist some noteworthy disadvantages. Towever> v is not compFeteFy beneficiaFf there are some negative aspects that shouFd be taken into consideration. M. Conclusion: Restate in summary the main advantages and disadvantages of the topic being detaiFed. N-u )2 baui khKng y3u c9u )5a ra ( ki-n cA nh/n (v1n )2 n4y tVt hay D1u> F'i hay h@i! thG b@n ("[ng p"Ri v4 ("[ng n4n +;a 2o D (i1n c/a mGn" . Sau khi )`c Dong ph9n th/n b4i dUa v4o nh$ng FW F7> dnn ch]ng m4 b@n )5a ra> ng56i )`c )S ph.i hGnh th4nh m<t #uan )i*m ri3ng cho mGnh. d@n n3n kh+ng ),nh F@i v1n )2 cN c. m:t tVt v4 m:t D1u> v4 tAc )<ng c=a nN ph% thu<c ch= y-u v4o cAch chCng ta khai thAc m4 thKi. \i] du^: Po concFude> this soFution is worth considering to improve the current situation> but there are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such a poFicy. Eanguage: F"rases to list ad antages or disad antages: Ad antages: - Phe firstamainagreatestamost important advantage of v. is v. - kneaanotheraan additionaF advantage of v. is v. - Qhat makes v stand outaimportantav is v - kneamnother point in favor of v. is v. C"C D: R d@ng b4i Academic Writing> b@n n3n trAnh nh$ng t& informaF nh5 :ros/Bons pl#s points/min#s points pl#ses/min#ses>v Puy nhi3n nh$ng t& n4y cN th* vLn d%ng Finh ho@t trong ph9n thi nNi Spea(ing vG 0 _

Speaking part 1 r1t informaF> part neutraFasemiformaF> cwn part " thG t5png )Vi formaF. N3n nh$ng t& informaF cN th* vLn d%ng 0 part 1 v4 part . `isad antages - Phe firstamainagreatesta most serious disadvantage of v. is v. - kneaanotheraan additionaF disadvantage of v. is v. - mnother negative aspect of v. is v. Sample: In order to solve traffic pro lems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve pu lic transportation. !hat are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution? J$opicK Praffic probFems in many cities around the worFd are becoming more and more serious. JBac(ground InformationK kne possibFe soFution to this probFem is to impose heavy taDes on car drivers and use this money to make pubFic transport better. J>entioning t"e areas co ered in t"e &odyK Such a measure has its own advantages and disadvantages. J$opic sentence 1K It is cFear that imposing heavy taDes on car drivers has some noteworthy positive effects. JSupporting idea 1K kne of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taDes wouFd discourage car owners from using their cars because it wouFd become very eDpensive to drive. Phis wouFd mean that they wouFd begin to make use of pubFic transport instead> thus reducing traffic probFems and poFFution as weFF. JSupporting idea 2K mnother benefit wouFd be that much more use wouFd be made of pubFic transport if it were improved. It is often the case that pubFic transport in cities is very poor. jor eDampFe> we often see oFd buses and trains that peopFe wouFd rather not use. Tigh taDes couFd generate enough money to make the necessary changes. J$opic sentence 2K NevertheFess> there are drawbacks to such a soFution. JSupporting idea 1K jirst and foremost> this might be a heavy burden on the car drivers. mt present> taDes are aFready high for a Fot of peopFe> and so further taDes wouFd onFy mean Fess money at the end of the month for most peopFe who may have no choice but to drive every day. JSupporting idea 2K In addition> this type of taD wouFd FikeFy to be set at a fiDed amount. Phis wouFd mean that it wouFd hit those with Fess money harder> whiFst the rich couFd FikeFy afford it. It is therefore not a fair taD. Po concFude> this soFution is worth considering to improve the current situation> but there are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such a poFicy. C,c dIng +9 2 c,c" l2m &2i c"o !riting tas( 2 I. )"Zn dian dIng +9: EoIi 1 : Argument Ph56ng F4 d@ng c/u hxi sau cho ( ki-n trAi chi2u v4 IPo what eDtend do you agree or disagreeJ ho:c Iwhat are you opinion on this I q@ng n4y y3u c9u ng56i vi-t ph.i )]ng v2 1 #uan )i*m v4 b.o vh #uan )i*m )N y EN nNi F3n ( ki-n c=a mGnh Md O cN ng56i nNi rong nghi3n c]u vr tr% F4 khKng c9n thi-t nh5ng cN ng56i F@i nNi rong nN h$u Wch> b@n cN )^ng ( hay ko z{ ch`n 1 trong #uan )i*m 0 tr3n v4 b.o vh nN> EN nNi F3n #uan )i*m c=a mGnh. lo@i n4y ra th56ng Duy3n nh1t vG nN y3u c9u ng56i vi-t ph.i cN #uan )i*m ri3ng )* )<ng nSo v4 y3u c9u ki-n th]c DS h<i nhi2u EoIi 2 : `iscussing |l5u (O d} nh9m Fnn v?i Fo@i 1 0 tr3n Erng cho ( ki-n trAi chi2u nhau nh5ng hxi Iqiscuss these two viewsJ q@ng n4y y3u c9u ng56i vi-t ph.i m0 r<ng> gi.i thWch ( ki-n trAi chi2u nhau- nghta F4 ng56i vi-t ch_ gi.i thWch ( m4 )2 )5a ra y khKng nNi F3n ( ki-n c=a mGnh Md O cN ng56i nNi rong nghi3n c]u vr tr% F4 khKng c9n thi-t nh5ng cN ng56i F@i nNi rong nN h$u Wch> b@n hSy cho bi-t #uan )i*m c=a ( ki-n tr3n F4 nh5 th- n4o U

EoIi M : Ad antages 2 `isad antages d@ng )2 O cho bi-t 5u v4 nh5'c )i*m c=a 1 Du h5?ng n4o )N Md O hSy cho bi-t 5u v4 nh5'c )i*m c=a vihc phAt tri*n du F,ch ng4y nay. EoIi _ : Causes and Effects Y Causes and Solutions B2 )5a ra 1 hihn t5'ng n4o )N> y3u c9u tGm ra nh$ng nguy3n nh/n g/y ra hihn t5'ng )N v4 nh$ng tAc )<ng c=a nN a nguy3n nh/n v4 nh$ng gi.i phAp cho hihn t5'ng )N Md O ng4y c4ng cN nhi2u ng56i r6i bx vcng #u3 )* F3n th4nh phV>> hSy tGm nh$ng nguy3n nh/n dnn t?i Du h5?ng n4y v4 nh$ng tAc )<ng c=a nN a hSy tGm ra nh$ng gi.i phAp )* h@n ch- hihn t5'ng n4y II. S;?n c"ung 1 b4i essay ho4n ch_nh ph.i g^m )9y )= cN " ph9n ( m0 b4i> th/n b4i> k-t FuLn ! N3n n-u trong FCc vi-t b@n )ang vi-t d0 th/n b4i nh5ng s~p h-t gi6 thG hSy d&ng 0 )N v4 vi-t ngay 1 cAi k-t cho b4i vYn> sau )N m?i #uay F3n vi-t ti-p )o@n cwn d0. Nh5 vLy thG tWnh ch:t ch7 v4 Fi2n m@ch s7 vnn )5'c ).m b.o ( cAc y-u tV cwn F@i F4 ng$ phAp cao> t& vUng r<ng v4 idea ! 1 b4i tVt trong IZlPS F4 b4i cN )o@n O 1 m0 b4i> 1 k-t b4i> )o@n body ;0 b4i v4 k-t b4i )5'c trGnh b4y 0 ph9n sau c=a guidFines n4y. Ph/n b4i tVt c9n cN )o@n. ;si )o@n ph.i cN 1 ( ch= )@o chWnh v4 )5'c trGnh b4y ngay 0 c/u )9u ti3n c=a )o@n> sau )N F4 ( ph% )* gi.i thWch cho ( chWnh )N> ti-p theo F4 1 vW d% cho ( n4y> 1 c/u )* k-t thCc )o@n. III. S;?n c"o tWng dIng 1. EoIi 1 : Argument A. >b &2i MG F4 d@ng )2 Itranh FuLnJ n3n c9n ph.i nNi F3n #uan )i*m c=a mGnh ngay tr3n m0 b4i> th56ng F4 c/u nom sAt c/u cuVi ccng. E/u cuVi ccng F4 c/u nNi F3n nh$ng ( ki-n support cho #uan )i*m c=a ng vi-t ( th56ng F4 ( !> c/u cuVi n4y r1t #uan tr`ng vG nguy3n ph9n body> g^m pagagraph ph.i g~n bN v?i ( ki-n n4y 1 cAch F9n F5't. N-u nh5 body m4 )i F@c khxi ( n4y F4 sai v4 m1t )i*m. Nh5ng trong b4i h5?ng dnn n4y tKi h5?ng dnn cAc b@n cAch vi-t c/u cuVi an to4n> nh5 th- cN th* phAt tri*n body khKng c9n worries cN b, F@c khxi ( chWnh )S DAc ),nh hay khKng. c9 1: internet )S phAt tri*n tr3n kh~p th- gi?i v4 tr0 n3n phX bi-n v?i m`i ng56i. vLy Fihu the internet s7 F4m m`i ng56i suy nght v4 h4nh )<ng nh5 nhau> #uan )i*m c=a b@n nh5 th- n4oHPhe internet has deveFoped around the worFd and become popuFar with aFF peopFe. So> couFd it cause peopFe to think and act the sameH Qhat is your opinionH Phe past years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the avaiFabiFity of the Internet. It is indisputabFe (tranh FuLn! that it has brought significant benefits to our Fives in many spheres such as economy and science. et> this raises a certain probFem as to whether the Internet wiFF cause its users throughout the worFd to think and act in the same way or not. QhiFe there are vaFid arguments to the contrary> it is my position that the Internet is not capabFe of inducing (thuy-t ph%c! peopFe to think and act the same. Phere are two reasons for my perspective on this c9 2: cN ng56i nNi hCt thuVc khKng tVt v4 n3n b, c1m ho4n twan> b@n cN )^ng ( khKng. Some peopFe argue that smoking shouFd be banned because of its adverse effects on heaFth. qo you agree or disagree with this propositionH Phe past years have witnessed an increase in number of peopFe who have died from smoking-reFated diseases. Phis raises a certain probFem as to whether tobacco shouFd be banned or not. QhiFe there are vaFid arguments to the contrary> it is my position that tobacco and its products shouFd indeed be made iFFegaF. Phere are two reasons for my perspective on this. c9 M : cN ng56i nNi khKng n3n c]u nh$ng con )<ng vLt )ang tr3n b6 vUc tuyht ch=ng vG chCng khKng cN Wch )-n v?i cu<c sVng con ng56i> b@n cN )^ng ( khKng Some peopFe argue that we shouFd not rescue the animaFs that are nearing eDtinction because they are not usefuF for human Fife. Phe past years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of animaFs that have become eDtinct out. Phis raises a certain probFem as to whether humans shouFd attempt to save endangered species or not.QhiFe d

there are vaFid arguments to the contrary> it is my position that they shouFd in fact be preserved. Phere are two reasons for my perspective about this. B. $":n &2i : Ph/n b4i c=a d@ng argument ph.i g^m ( support cho #uan )i*m ( )^ng (a khKng )^ng ( ! n3n ng56i ch1m th56ng nhGn v4o c/u )9u ti3u c=a paragraph Dem cN )Cng s56n hay khKng. S56n hay v4 chun th56ng nh5 sau. EhC ( msi paragraph ph.i cN 1 c/u )9u F4 ( bao trcm cho )o@n. cAc c/u sau )N gi.i thWch cho ( n4y> cN 1 c/u vW d%> v4 1 c/u k-t. c9 1 : jirstFy> one point that is absoFuteFy pivotaF is the fact that individuaFs in reaFity have different approaches to reaching their opinions about certain probFems. mFthough the Internet has connected many isoFated or Fess weFF deveFoped communities to the modern worFd> each cuFture has its own vaFues> which strongFy impact its residents. jurther> maFe and femaFe naturaFFy have distinct features> which mean they fre#uentFy do not respond identicaFFy to ma[or issues. ZspeciaFFy in contemporary societies these days> the approach to the right of freedom in pubFicFy eDpression of opinions have been Fegitimied by FegisFation in some countries. Phe mmerican FegaF system couFd be taken as a particuFarFy saFient eDampFe of this. Z#uaFFy importantFy> the Internet has gained currency word wide. In spite of this fact> a vast amount of materiaF on the internet is difficuFt to obtain.. Phe Internet is stiFF constrained in severaF nations due to rigid government poFicies which restrict citiens from accessing sensitive information> which is often considered iFFegaF. Phus> it doesnet mean that the deveFopment of the Internet couFd resuFt in uniformity of ideas and opinions. jor instance> sociaF networks such as jace book and Pwitter have been recentFy prohibited unofficiaFFy in both Mietnam and Ehina in an attempt to prevent changes in the poFiticaF conditions in these sociaFist countries. C. e1t &2i : c9 1: In concFusion> I wouFd agree that the Internet has pFaced the entire the worFd at our fingertips and it is fairFy straightforward to access it. NevertheFess> uniformity of thought> speech or action is highFy unFikeFy to occur in the foreseeabFe future> given the differences in traits among peopFe and the restrictions on the free fFow of information in certain countries. Eetter I. Addresses: 1K four Address Phe return address shouFd be written in the top right-hand corner of the Fetter. 2K $"e Address of t"e person you are !riting to Phe inside address shouFd be written on the Feft> starting beFow your address. II. `ate: qifferent peopFe put the date on different sides of the page. ou can write this on the right or the Feft on the Fine after the address you are writing to. Qrite the month as a word. III. Salutation or greeting: 1K `ear Sir or >adam@ If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to> use this. It is aFways advisabFe to try to find out a name. 2K `ear >r gen(ins@ If you know the name> use the titFe (;r> ;rs> ;iss or ;s> qr> etc.! and the surname onFy. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses ;rs or ;iss> you can use ;s> which is for married and singFe women. I\. Ending a letter: 1K fours fait"fully If you do not know the name of the person> end the Fetter this way. 2K fours sincerely If you know the name of the person> end the Fetter this way. MK four signature Sign your name> then print it underneath the signature. If you think the person you are writing to might not know whether you are maFe of femaFe> put you titFe in brackets after your name. h

\. Content of a Lormal Eetter 1. Lirst paragrap" Phe first paragraph shouFd be short and state the purpose of the Fetter- to make an in#uiry> compFain> re#uest something> etc. Phe paragraph or paragraphs in the middFe of the Fetter shouFd contain the reFevant information behind the writing of the Fetter. ;ost Fetters in ZngFish are not very Fong> so keep the information to the essentiaFs and concentrate on organiing it in a cFear and FogicaF manner rather than eDpanding too much. 2. East Faragrap" Phe Fast paragraph of a formaF Fetter shouFd state what action you eDpect the recipient to take- to refund> send you information> etc. iiiiiESSAf EN " Fo@i essay trong Qriting Pask F4O mrgumentative essay> discussion essay v4 account essay( advantagesdisadvantages-probFem-cause- effect-soFution!. ;si Fo@i cN ph9n m0-th/n-k-t b4i v?i c1u trCc khAc nhau. Nh5ng cp b.n essay c=a mGnh vnn ph.i )= " ph9n chWnh O Intro- dody- EoncFusion Tihn em )ang h`c Fo@i mdvantages and disadvantages n3n s7 share d@ng n4y tr5?c nh ESSAf $ype 1: jAd antages and disad antagesk o Intro: GeneraF topic (factatrend! mdvantages and disadvantages Phesis statement o "ody: mdvantage 1 ( - Fines is suitabFe! mdvantage qisadvantage 1 qisadvantage o #onclusion MW d%O Intro: It is a fa"t that Cowever This essay will eAamine the pros and "ons of. Body: The first and most obvio#s merit is that 0y this I mean .. ! f#ther possive aspe"t worth mentioning is that. Despite the above-mentioned benefits there eAist some short"oming.. In addition to this . Conclusion: From what has been dis"#ss it is obvio#s that. ESSAf $ype 2: jArgumentati e essayky{#uan tr`ng nh1t c=a d@ng n4y F4 I;ake sure you choose the side that you can fuFFy supportJ Introduction Introduce the topic with a generaF statement State why it is important State there is a difference of opinion about this topic Phesis statement must state what kR cFaim is and can incFude the IpartsJ of the argument you are going to state. "ody: g^m (tVt nh1t! " )o@n )* )5a ra FLp FuLn c=a cA nh/n v2 v1n )2 tranh FuLn. EAch s~p D-p cAc (O #W"en audience is against you@ &egin !it" strongest3 !"en audience is !it" you@ &egin !it" !ea(est%lm cAi n4y ch5a hi3u F~m mrguments forO Phe reasons IpartsJ of your thesis statement wiFF be in your body paragraphs. Give cFear arguments for your cFaim with support (eDampFes> statistics> eDpFanations> etc.! se transition words as you move from paragraph to paragraph (Firstly se"ondly f#rthermore in addition moreover finally). n

ou can aFso use any of the transitions from the other essay types as Fong as they are appropriate for your argument. (9o# may want to "ompare/"ontrast things give reasons/res#lts des"riptions definitions et".) #onclusion: Restatement of thesis and supporting ideas. ;ake a prediction> a recommendation> or a summary ESSAf $ype M: j`iscussion essayk F1y t& web> d@ng n4y em ch5a h`c n3n ch5a bi-t r4nh F~m. Puy nhi3n> crng search th8 v4 ra )5'c cAi format nh5 th- n4y> anh v4 Ti-u tham kh.o nh The topi" of . has aro#sed p#bli" "on"ern. 'ome people say that whilst others "laim that . It is E#ite nat#ral that people from different ba"kgro#nds have their own opinions on the iss#e. To begin with those who believe that . have "ogent reasons for it. Idea F idea G et". Hikewise the statement above is not generally "onsisted as an a""#rate one to everybody sin"e there also some people who do not advo"ate it. !s regards their I#stifi"ation a reason #s#ally "laimed by many of them to "onvin"e #s is that. In short I firmly "ommit to the notion that EAc b@n ccng Dem m<t )2 b4i vW d%O In many countries, traditional foods are eing replaced y international fast food. $any people think that it is good to eat traditional foods while others elieve that fast food is a good choice. %iscuss oth views and give your own opinion. R b4i n4y> mGnh s7 )5a ra d4n ( (Zssay \Fan! v4 nh$ng t&> c%m t& (\hrases! c9n thi-t cho m<t b4i qiscussion Zssay. Essay Flan JStructureK 1. Introduction: - Introducing the topic. - Giving background information and Narrowing the topic. - Giving your point of view and mentioning the main areas covered in the essay. B* hi*u rb hpn c1u trCc c=a m0 b4i> b@n cN th* Dem t@i Fart M c=a mGnh 2. Body - \aragraph 1O Side 1 mdvantages. (about -" mdvantages! - \aragraph O Side mdvantages. (about -" mdavantages! qc F4 qiscuss nh5ng b@n khKng n3n )2 cLp )-n qisadvantages vG thKng th56ng mdvantage c=a Side 1 s7 F4 qisadvantage c=a Side . MW d% nh5 mdvantage c=a PraditionaF jood F4 heaFthy (tVt cho s]c kho! thG qisadantage c=a jast jood s7 F4 unheaFthy (khKng tVt cho s]c khxe!. MG th- n-u 0 ph9n b4n FuLn v2 jast jood b@n n3u ra c. qisadvantage s7 cN th* trcng F:p ( v?i mdvantage c=a jast jood. M. Conclusion: - State that &ot" sides are good in some casesY &ot" sides are importantO d@n ph.i tXng k-t F@i rong c. ( ki-n trAi chi2u )2u cN nh$ng m:t )Cng c=a nN ho:c )2u #uan tr`ng. - our opinionO Qhich side is betterHO Sau khi tXng k-t F@i> b@n m?i )5a ra ( ki-n cA nh/nO ki-n n4o trong ( ki-n )S cho tVt hpn. E9n chC ( rong b@n +Wng )5a ( (i1n c"/ -uan c=a b.n th/n v4o ph9n th/n b4i vG 0 ph9n th/n b4i chCng ta )ang gi.i #uy-t v- )9u ti3n c=a c/u hxi (qiscuss both views!> Dem Dt v1n )2 m<t cAch khAch #uan nh1t. ki-n cA nh/n ch_ n3n )5a ra 0 ph9n k-t b4i. Pi-p theo> mGnh s7 ccng cAc b@n trao )Xi m<t sV cAch vi-t> mnu c/u Impersonal r1t khAch #uan cN th* dcng cho ph9n t":n &2i. Eanguage: o

Impersonal F"rases: - Someamanyamost peopFe thinkaconsider thatv ZDO ;any peopFe think that fast food is very convenientv - It is wideFy beFieved thatv ZDO It is wideFy beFieved that eating fast food is not good for heaFth. - It is possibFeaprobabFe thatv ZDO It is possibFe that fast food wiFF become much more popuFar in the future. - It can be argued thatv ZDO It can be argued that in some cases> fast food is better than traditionaF food. - It has been suggested thatv ZDO It has been suggested that peopFe (shouFd! not go out to eat too often. - kpponents of v thinkabeFieveacFaim thatv ZDO kpponents of fast food beFieve that it is not good for heaFth at aFF. F"rases to list ad antages: Sau )/y mGnh s7 )5a ra m<t sV c%m t& )* Fiht k3 nh$ng )i*m )Cng> )i*m m@nh c=a m<t trong hai ( ki-n. Nh$ng c%m t& n4y crng s7 h$u d%ng trong d@ng b4i Ad antages and `isad antages - Phe firstamainamost important advantage of v. is v. ZDO Phe main advantage of fast food is its convenience. - knea anotheraan additionaF advantage of v. is v. - Qhat makes v stand outaimportantav is v - kneamnother point in favor of v. is v. ZDO mnother point in favor of fast food is its convenience. Sample EAc b@n )`c b4i FuLn mnu v4 chC ( nh$ng ph9n )5'c tK )Lmag@ch ch/n nh Pask Some peopFe beFieve the aim of university education is to heFp graduates get better [obs. kthers beFieve there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuaFs and society. `iscuss &ot" ie!s and gi e your opinion. Phese days> more and more peopFe are making the choice to go to university. W"ile some people are of t"e opinion t"at t"e only purpose of a uni ersity education is to impro e po& prospects@ ot"ers t"in( t"at society and t"e indi idual &enefit in muc" &roader !ays.J\ery clear t"esisK It is certainly true t"at one of t"e main aims of uni ersity is to secure a &etter po&. Phe ma[ority of peopFe want to improve their future career prospects and attending university is one of the best ways to do this as it increases a persones marketabFe skiFFs and attractiveness to potentiaF empFoyers.a In addition> further education is very eDpensive for many peopFe> so most wouFd not consider it if it wouFd not provide them with a more secure future and a higher standard of Fiving. Phus> [ob prospects are very important. qo!e er@ t"ere are ot"er &enefits for indi iduals and society. jirstFy> the independence of Fiving away from home is a benefit because it heFps the students deveFop better sociaF skiFFs and improve as a person. m case in point is that many students wiFF have to Feave their famiFies> Five in haFFs of residence and meet new friends. ms a resuFt> their maturity and confidence wiFF grow enabFing them to Five more fuFfiFFing Fives.a SecondFy> society wiFF gain from the contribution that the graduates can make to the economy. Qe are Fiving in a very competitive worFd> so countries need educated peopFe in order to compete and prosper.

1V

Pherefore> I beFieve that alt"oug" a main aim of uni ersity education is to get t"e &est po&@ t"ere are clearly furt"er &enefits. If we continue to promote and encourage university attendance> it wiFF Fead to a better future for individuaFs and society. B2i 1o r einds of a paragrap" JC,c dIng +oIn snK 1. cNt) \u) cv)q )'qwA cxn" ng"yaO Bo@n vYn ),nh nghta F4 )o@n vYn )5'c dcng )* gi.i thWch ng$ nghta> ch]c nYng v4 ngu^n gVc c=a sU vLt> hihn t5'ng. lo@i )o@n vYn n4y )5'c dcng c. trong vYn h`c thuLt v4 trong ti*u thuy-t. B* vi-t )o@n vYn ),nh nghta ng56i vi-t n3n tLp trung v4o vai trw c=a ch= )2 trong vYn c.nh r^i )5a ra ( ki-n c=a mGnh sau )N gi.i thWch. \0 dz: ;<t )o@n vYn vi-t )* ),nh nghta v2 m<t Fo@i thC nuKi. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn ),nh nghta )@t y3u c9u. 1. is defined as MW d%O m pest is defined as any animaF or pFant that damages crops> forests> or property. . is a kind of MW d%O m pest is a kind of animaF or pFant that damages crops> forests> or property. 2. cNt) \u) Fq{) ENtI cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn ph/n Fo@i F4 )o@n vYn )5'c dcng )* ph/n chia v1n )2 c=a )o@n vYn theo nh$ng vYn c.nh c% th*. SU ph/n Fo@i 1y cN th* di}n ra 0 nhi2u m]c )<. Ph] nh1t F4 ng$ nghta (so sAnh sU khAc nhau v2 nghta c=a cAc vLt! sau )N F4 v2 m:t ngKn ng$ v4 ngo4i ra cwn nhi2u m:t khAc n$a. hi vi-t )o@n vYn ph/n Fo@i b@n n3n nhNm nh$ng sU vihc ho:c ( ki-n theo nh$ng ph@m trc c% th*. Bi2u )N s7 giCp )o@n vYn c=a b@n Fogic v4 khoa h`c hpn. \0 dz: Bo@n vYn vi-t )* tranh FuLn v2 hai ngu^n nYng F5'ng khAc nhau. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn ph/n Fo@i tVt. )"Ang tW "Au dzng is a kind of can be divided into is a type of faFFs under beFongs to is a part of fits into is grouped with is reFated to is associated with \| `} EoaF is a (ind of non-renewabFe resource. Znergy resources can &e di ided into two types. EoaF is a type of non-renewabFe resource. EoaF falls under the category of non-renewabFe resources. EoaF &elongs to the category of non-renewabFe resources. 11

EoaF is a part of the category of non-renewabFe resources. EoaF fits into the category of non-renewabFe resources. EoaF is grouped !it" non-renewabFe resources. EoaF is related to other non-renewabFe resources. EoaF is associated !it" other non-renewabFe resources. M. cNt) \u) >I~U $ cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn mi3u t. F4 )o@n vYn )5'c dcng )* t. ng56i> ),a )i*m ho:c sU vLt> giCp b@n m56ng t5'ng trong )9u m<t sV hGnh .nh v2 nh$ng gG )ang di}n ra. PhKng th56ng nh$ng )o@n vYn mi3u t. cN Du h5?ng tLp trung v4o h4nh )<ng ()5'c th* hihn bong )<ng t&! hpn F4 c.m giAc ()5'c bi*u )@t bong tr@ng t& v4 tWnh t&!. Ngo4i ra )o@n vYn mi3u t. n3n )5'c vi-t m<t cAch rb r4ng> chi ti-t v4 )5'c )5a ra theo trGnh tU th6i gian. \0 dz: Bo@n vYn vi-t )* mi3u t. g1u d~c cUc hay m<t )o@n vYn vi-t )* ti3u t. v, trW ),a F( c=a Eanada. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn mi3u t. tVtO cc t0n" sie coFour e0c" t";<c Fength width S* t;ng t* is Fike resembFes \x tr0 in above beFow beside near northaeastasouthawest \| `} \oFar bears are big in sie. cc t0n" \oFar bears are usuaFFy white in colour. \oFar bears have a speciaF s"ape. Phe purpose of the poFar bears fur is to keep it warm. Phe lengt" of a poFar bears cFaws is cm. e0c" t";<c Phe !idt" of a poFar bears head is about cm. \oFar bears !eig" up to kg. \oFar bears can swim at a speed of km per hour. S* t;ng t* m poFar bear is li(e other bears in shape. m poFar bear resem&les other bears in shape. 12

shape massaweight purpose speed

;ost of Eanadas manufacturing is Focated in kntario and uebec. Phe ceiFing is a&o e us. \x tr0 ;ost of kntario is &elo! Tudson day. uebec is Focated &eside kntario. ;any companies are Focated near Poronto. kntario is !est of uebec. _. cNt) \u) SN S)q cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn so sAnh F4 )o@n vYn )5'c dcng )* )5a ra nh$ng )i*m t5png )^ng v4 khAc biht gi$a ng56i> ),a )i*m> sU vLt v4 ( ki-n. \0 dz: Bo@n vYn vi-t )* so sAnh th6i ti-t 0 Mancouver v4 TaFifaD. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn so sAnh tVtO )"Ang tW "Au 0c" +X c"Q ciXm t;ng +ng Nh&ng li'n t( ng)n is simiFar to SimiFarFy> likewise> ...the same... ...the same as... both aFso too as weFF #*ch i+u ,-t d.i h/n In the same way> is simiFar to in that and are simiFar in that (they!... like > ... In Fike manner> kne way in which is simiFar to Nh&ng li'n t( ph0 thu1c kn the other hand> even though aFthough differs from unFike whiFe ciXm (",c &iat Nh&ng li'n t( ng)n however ...> but ...> yet in contrast dy contrast>

mnother way in which is simiFar to is whereas (that!... nevertheFess> 1M

\| `} Spring weather in Mancouver is similar to spring weather in TaFifaD. ciXm t;ng +ng Bot" Mancouver and TaFifaD have rain in the spring. TaFifaD also has a rainy spring season. TaFifaD has a rainy spring season> too. As !ell@ TaFifaD has rainy spring season. Nn t"e ot"er "and@ winter is much coFder in TaFifaD. qo!e er@ winter is much coFder in TaFifaD. Mancouver has a miFd winter> &ut TaFifaD has a coFd one. ciXm (",c &iat In contrast to Mancouver> TaFifaD has a coFd winter. TaFifaD differs from Mancouver by having a coFd winter. W"ile Mancouver has a miFd winter> TaFifaD has a coFd winter. U. cNt) \u) $)' $qU$ cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn t56ng thuLt F4 )o@n vYn )5'c dcng )* k* cho ng56i )`c nh$ng )i2u di}n ra trong c/u chuyhn. Bo@n vYn t56ng thuLt )5'c dcng phX bi-n nh1t trong ti*u thuy-t. EhCng th56ng bao g^m t1t c. cAc y-u tV c9n thi-t cho sU phAt tri*n c=a h4nh )<ng nh5O ng56i gi$ vai trw chWnh> sU bV trW> sU s~p ):t> m%c )Wch> m%c ti3u> sU tr0 ng@i> )_nh )i*m v4 sU gi.i #uy-t. EhWnh vG vLy )o@n vYn t56ng thuLt th56ng y3u c9u ng56i vi-t s~p D-p sU kihn theo th] tU Fi3n t%c ho:c theo trGnh tU th6i gian. \h9n th/n c=a )o@n vYn t56ng thuLt th56ng g^m nhi2u y-u tV nh5ng n-u vi-t )Cng cAch> nt nXi bLt c=a )o@n vYn s7 F4 h4nh )<ng ch] khKng ph.i F4 mi3u t.. \0 dz: ;<t )o@n vYn )5a ra #uA trGnh m<t ng56i tr0 th4nh th= t5?ng. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn t56ng thuLt tVtO )"Ang tW "Au dzng $"eo t"= t* first> second> third> etc. in the beginning before then after finaFFy at Fast subse#uentFy 1_ $"eo t"?i gian recentFy previousFy afterwards when after

\| `} Lirst@ you need to become a Feader of a poFiticaF party. Second@ you need to win a seat in the Touse of Eommons. $"ird@ your party must have a ma[ority of seats. In t"e &eginning@ you need to become a Feader of a poFiticaF party. Before becoming the prime minister> you need to become the Feader of a poFiticaF party. $"eo t"= $"en@ you must win a seat in the Touse of Eommons. t* After winning a seat in the Touse of Eommons> you must make sure you have a ma[ority of seats. Linally@ after aFF these steps> you can caFF yourseFf the prime minister. At last@ you can caFF yourseFf the prime minister. Su&se-uently@ you must make sure you have a ma[ority of seats in the Touse of Eommons. She was recently eFected prime minister. She is the new prime minister. Fre iously@ she worked as a Fawyer in Poronto. She won the party Feadership Fast year. After!ards@ she won the $"eo t"?i eFection. W"en she won the party Feadership> she was stiFF working as a gian Fawyer. After winning a seat in the Touse of Eommons> you must make sure you have a ma[ority of seats. d. cNt) \u) EA Cq) cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn FUa ch`n F4 )o@n vYn m4 b@n c9n ph.i #uy-t ),nh s7 FUa ch`n )Vi t5'ng> ( t50ng ho:c h4nh )<ng n4o m4 b@n thWch. PhKng th56ng b@n s7 c9n )5a ra ( ki-n c=a b@n v2 sU FUa ch`n c=a mGnh (h4nh )<ng ho:c hihn t5'ng!. \0 dz: ;<t )o@n vYn vi-t )* nNi Dem b@n s7 thWch chpi khCc cKn c9u hay la"rosse (mKn th* thao dcng v't )* b~t v4 nm bNng!. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn t56ng thuLt tVtO tr{ )"Ang tW "Au dzng uan +iXm (i1n c, n":n 1U

in my opinion beFief idea understanding I think that I consider I beFieve it seems to me I prefer

FikeadisFike hope feeF

\| `} In my opinion> hockey is more fun than Facrosse. ;y &elief is that hockey is more fun than Facrosse. ;y idea is that hockey is more fun than Facrosse. ;y understanding is that hockey is more fun than Facrosse. uan +iXm I t"in( t"at I wouFd prefer to pFay hockey and not Facrosse. I consider hockey to be more eDciting than Facrosse. I &elie e hockey is more eDciting than Facrosse. It seems to me that hockey is more eDciting than Facrosse. I prefer hockey over Facrosse. I li(e the sport of hockey because it is fast and eDciting. (i1n c, n":n I "ope that I can pFay hockey in the future. I feel that hockey is my favorite sport. h. cNt) \u) 'II $q|Cq cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn gi.i thWch F4 )o@n vYn m4 trong )N b@n c9n ph.i gi.i thWch ho:c )5a ra F( do D.y ra sU vihc n4o )N. PhKng th56ng trong cAc chuy3n ng4nh nghi3n c]u v2 DS h<i b@n s7 c9u ph.i tGm hi*u nguy3n nh/n v4 k-t #u. c=a m<t sU kihn n4o )N. \0 dz: ;<t )o@n vYn vi-t )* gi.i thWch t@i sao cN r1t nhi2u ng56i Eh/u u di c5 )-n Eanada trong kho.ng thk 1. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn gi.i thWch tVtO )"Ang tW "Au dzng )guy4n n":n because since e1t -uR therefore thus

1d

as a resuFt of is due to

conse#uentFy hence it foFFows that if . . . then

\| `} \eopFe moved to Eanada from Zurope during the nineteenth century&ecause they had poor Fiving conditions in Zurope. )guy4n n":n Since Fiving conditions in Zurope were terribFe> many peopFe moved to Eanada. \eopFe moved to Eanada from Zurope as a result of poor Fiving conditions in Zurope. Phe Farge infFuD of peopFe to Eanada !as due to economic pressures in Zurope. living conditions in Zurope were terribFe. $"erefore@ many peopFe moved to Eanada for a better Fife. living conditions in Zurope were terribFe. $"us@ many peopFe moved to Eanada for a better Fife. e1t -uR living conditions were terribFe in Zurope. Conse-uently@ many peopFe moved to Eanada. living conditions were terribFe in Zurope. qence@ many peopFe moved to Eanada. living conditions were terribFe in Zurope. It follo!s t"at many peopFe moved to Eanada. If Fiving conditions were better in Zurope> t"en fewer peopFe wouFd have moved to Eanada. n. cNt) \u) c)q 'I cxn" ng"ya Bo@n vYn )Anh giA F4 )o@n vYn m4 trong )N b@n s7 )5a ra F6i nhLn Dt> )Anh giA c=a b@n v2 ng56i> ( ki-n ho:c nh$ng h4nh )<ng cN th* D.y ra. d@n c9n ph.i )Anh giA dUa tr3n nh$ng ti3u chun nh1t ),nh. hi vi-t d@ng )o@n vYn n4y b@n cN th* )5a ra F6i )Anh giA v4 g'i ( tr5?c r^i c=ng cV nh$ng ( ki-n )N bong cAch )5a ra hh ti3u chun c=a b@n. \0 dz: ;<t )o@n vYn vi-t )* )Anh giA Dem cN n3n s8 d%ng thuVc tr& s/u v4o vihc tr^ng tr`t hay khKng. Nh$ng t& sau cN th* giCp b@n vi-t m<t )o@n vYn gi.i thWch tVtO )"Ang tW "Au dzng $i4u c"un +X +,n" gi, S* gTi D good a bad suggest correct a incorrect recommend moraF a immraF advise right a wrong argue 1h

important a triviaF \| `} Phe use of pesticides such as qqP is &ad for the environment. Phe beFief that pesticides must be used is incorrect. $i4u c"un Phe use of pesticides to controF pests is immoral because it harms the environment. It is !rong to use pesticides because they harm the environment. Phe issue of pesticides is an important one because it affects the environment. I suggest that pesticides shouFd not be used to controF pests. S* gTi D I recommend that pesticides shouFd not be used because they are harmfuF to the environment. I wouFd ad ise farmers not to use pesticides if possibFe.

I wouFd argue that pesticides shouFd not be used because they harm the environment. BI $F $qC q)q: EAc b@n hSy DAc ),nh d@ng c=a nh$ng )o@n vYn d5?i )/y. 1. The Jiki!nswers site is a "olorf#l pla"e. 0right oranges bl#es and greens enti"e the eye and make yo# want to look aro#nd and see what is there. Hittle "artoon aliens de"orate the site and point to interesting things. Bli"king on the b#ttons and arrows make new pages pop #p or make things "hange aro#nd. 2. The writer pa#ses to "onsider what the st#dents need to know then writes another senten"e. These senten"es all lead the reader toward the idea that a paragraph is I#st a way of "omm#ni"ating. !fter the writer finishes this paragraph there will be another that needs to be written. The writer glan"es at the "lo"k on the wall. Jill there be eno#gh timeK M. L!meri"ans "an be divided into three gro#ps--smokers nonsmokers and that eApanding pa"k of #s who have E#it. Those who have never smoked donMt know what theyMre missing b#t former smokers eA-smokers reformed smokers "an never forget. Je are veterans of a personal war linked by that watershed eAperien"e of "easing to smoke and by the temptation to have I#st one more "igarette. For almost all of #s eAsmokers smoking "ontin#es to play an important role in o#r lives. !nd now that it is being restri"ted in resta#rants aro#nd the "o#ntry and will be banned in almost all indoor p#bli" pla"es in ;ew 9ork 'tate starting neAt month it is vital that everyone #nderstand the different emotional states "essation of smoking "an "a#se. I have observed fo#r of themN and in the interest of s"ien"e I have "lassified them as those of the Oealot the 1n

evangelist the ele"t and the serene. Pa"h day ea"h "ategory gains new re"r#its.L (Franklin Qimring LBonfessions on an PA-'moker L ;ewsweek _. :aragraphs are like "onversations. Pa"h "onversation is a series of statements E#estions or eAplanations that pass along information. Pa"h paragraph is also a series of senten"es that pass along information. ! paragraph is different from a "onversation be"a#se a paragraph "an be edited and "hanged after yo# write it down and a "onversation "anMt be taken ba"k on"e yo# have spoken the words. U. In order to write a paragraph first yo# think abo#t what yo# want to say. :retend that yo# are eAplaining things to yo#r friends or to a yo#nger person. Try to eAplain in simple terms that are easy to follow. Rn"e yo# have tho#ght abo#t it start writing down what yo# wo#ld say o#t lo#d. ThatMs all yo# need to do to write a paragraph. d. ! definition tells yo# what a word or term means. This paragraph tells yo# what a defining paragraph is so this paragraph is a defining paragraph abo#t defining paragraphsS Jhen yo# define something yo# want to #se simple words so that yo#r reader will #nderstand what yo# are saying. h. My most val#able possession is an old slightly warped blond g#itar--the first instr#ment I ta#ght myself how to play. ItMs nothing fan"y I#st a Madeira folk g#itar all s"#ffed and s"rat"hed and finger-printed. !t the top is a bramble of "opper-wo#nd strings ea"h one hooked thro#gh the eye of a silver t#ning key. The strings are stret"hed down a long slim ne"k its frets tarnished the wood worn by years of fingers pressing "hords and pi"king notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormo#s yellow pear one that was slightly damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been "hipped and go#ged to gray parti"#larly where the pi"k g#ard fell off years ago. ;o itMs not a bea#tif#l instr#ment b#t it still lets me make m#si" and for that I will always treas#re it. n. :araphrasing is #sed for different p#rposes. 'ome paraphrases will be designated to s#pport already eAisting eviden"e. Rthers will reinfor"e arg#mentation against eviden"e. 'till others will help to develop eAisting arg#ments and provide ba"k-#p for any "on"l#sion drawn in the "o#rse 1o

of writing. Depending on the f#n"tion paraphrases will be introd#"ed in a""ordan"e with their #niE#e "onteAt. T#otations reE#ire yet another approa"h. They are not self-eApressive be"a#se every E#otation "an signify a n#mber of different things in vario#s "onteAts. It is both the introd#"tion and the "ommentary that follows it whi"h de"ides abo#t its "onteAt and the #ltimate meaning of a given "itation in an essay. :araphrasing E#otations - "hanging the original words or sense is not allowed. o. Pven tho#gh !riOona and Uhode Island are both states of the V.'. they are strikingly different in many ways. For eAample the physi"al siOe of ea"h state is different. !riOona is large having an area of FFW XXX sE#are miles whereas Uhode Island is only abo#t a tenth the siOe having an area of only F GFW sE#are miles. !nother differen"e is in the siOe of the pop#lation of ea"h state. !riOona has abo#t fo#r million people living in it b#t Uhode Island has less than one million. The two states also differ in the kinds of nat#ral environments that ea"h has. For eAample !riOona is a very dry state "onsisting of large desert areas that do not re"eive m#"h rainfall every year. Cowever Uhode Island is lo"ated in a temperate Oone and re"eives an average of WW in"hes of rain per year. In addition while !riOona is a landlo"ked state and th#s has no seashore Uhode Island lies on the !tlanti" R"ean and does have a signifi"ant "oastline. 1V. ! definition tells yo# what a word or term means. This paragraph tells yo# what a defining paragraph is so this paragraph is a defining paragraph abo#t defining paragraphsS Jhen yo# define something yo# want to #se simple words so that yo#r reader will #nderstand what yo# are saying. cF ) 1. 2. M. _. U. Bo@n vYn mi3u t. Bo@n vYn t56ng thuLt Bo@n vYn ph/n Fo@i Bo@n vYn so sAnh Bo@n vYn gi.i thWch 2V

d. h. n. o. 1V.

Bo@n vYn ),nh nghta Bo@n vYn mi3u t. Bo@n vYn ph/n Fo@i Bo@n vYn so sAnh Bo@n vYn so sAnh Jqo! to !rite an Npinion Essay r LCE WritingK

d4i vi-t n4y h5?ng dnn cAc b@n vi-t m<t b4i kpinion Zssay ho4n ch_nh. Tere is what you need to keep in mind in order to write a good opinion essayO qecide your opinion as for the topic discussed. ;ake a Fist of eDampFes> viewpoints and reasons to support your opinion. Qrite weFF-deveFoped paragraphs se Finking words and phrases to [oin the sentences and the paragraphs within the teDt. Qrite in a formaF styFe> introduce the topic cFearFy and state convincing arguments. NormaFFy> an opinion essay shouFd be divided into " parts Fart 1: Npen In this part you shouFd introduce the topic and state opinion cFearFy. ou may want to use some of these eDpressions. Some peopFe cFaimabeFieveasay.... It is sometimes said that..... Phe #uestion is.... Qe often readahear that..... In my opinion...> I strongFy beFieve that...> I am in favor of...> it seems to me that.... jrom my point of view> as far as I can see> as I see it.... Fart 2: &ody

In this part you use eDampFes and reasons to support your viewpoint (at Feast paragraphs!.ou can aFso incFude a paragraph presenting the opposing point of view and reason why you think it is an unconvincing idea. Some usefuF eDpressions - >a(ing extra points Qhats more... In addition... jurthermore> moreover.... - Introducing a contradictory point mFthough> even though.... qespite... qespite the fact that.... Towever.. r Contrasting ie!s for and against 21

kn the one handaside....on the other... QhiFe its true that..... ou couFd aFso argue that........ NevertheFess....a Towever... kne advantage....a mnother disadvantage is that.... Fart M: Conclusion

In this part you shouFd summarie the main points of the essay and restate your opinion in other words. ou may think of using some of these kn baFance...> I feeF..aI beFieve that.... Summariing...> Po sum up...ain concFusion..a mFF in aFF> I beFieve that.... Given this> it can be concFuded that..... C,c" i1t Introductory paragrap" ;<t Introductory paragraph cN ba ph9nO Took> dackground information> Phesis statement. 1. Took F4 c/u )9u ti3n ( c/u )2> th56ng )* dnn ng56i )`c v4o topic c=a b4i !O l4m th- n4o )* vi-t TookH Ph56ng cN ba cAch thKng th56ngO - ;ake a #uestion (esaNo #uestion ho:c Qh#uestion! - Give a statistic ( Pheo sV Fihu thVng k3 c% th* v2 m<t v1n )2 n4o )N ho:c )5a ra dnn ch]ng c=a m<t tX ch]c #uVc t- n4o )N! - ;ake a statement. ZDO PKi cN m<t topic nh5 sau O If you have a hoFiday> where wouFd you Fike to goH Sau )/y F4 nh$ng c/u hook c=a msi cAch tr3nO Pheo ;ake a #uestionO Phere are many famous pFaces in the worFd> so which do you prefer goingH Pheo Give a statisticO Ta long day not onFy is famous for its beautifuF scene but aFso has been recognied as a QorFd Teritage by the NZSEk. Pheo ;ake a statementO Phere are a Fot of ideaF destinations in Miet Nam> but in my opinion> Ta long day is the best one. . dackground informationO ph9n n4y cN th* chi-m kho.ng c/u> nhom )5a thKng tin chi ti-t hpn 1 chCt v2 nh$ng gG )S )5'c )2 cLp trong c/u hook. ". Phesis statement O m%c )Wch )* controFFing idea. Ph56ng thG thesis statement s7 #uy-t ),nh Dem b4i essay c=a b@n s7 cN bao nhi3u )o@n trong ph9n th/n b4i B/y F4 m<t vd v2 thesis statementO Id Fike to visit Ta long day for two main reasonsO.... N-u b@n nNi F4 hai FW do chWnh> )i2u )N cN nghta F4 ph9n th/n b4i c=a b@n s7 cN hai )o@n cho hai FW do )N. N-u b@n nNi for four reasons>... t]c F4 th/n b4i s7 cN bVn )o@n. E/u thesis statement #uy-t ),nh bV c%c c=a th/n b4i (body paragraph! Ngo4i vihc )5a ra con sV c% th* cho FW do> b@n cwn cN th* s8 d%ng nh$ng pronounaadverb of #uantity nh5O many> severaF> a number of> a Fot of. ZDO for many reasons>... BKi khi> trong topic s7 cN nh$ng c/u hxi nhLn Dt c=a b@n v2 m<t sU vihc n4o )N> n-u sU vihc )N theo ( ki-n c=a b@n cN c. m:t tVt Fnn m:t D1u> thesis statement c=a b@n s7 khKng )5a ra vG FW do gG> m4 th56ng hay vi-t nh5 sauO In my opinion> watching PM has advantages but it aFso incFudes disavantages. Sau )N> body paragraph c=a b@n th56ng cN )o@n> 1 F4 v2 advantages v4 cwn F@i F4 v2 disavantages. Phesis statement cwn cN th* vi-t nh5 sauO - I think> m> d and E are " main reasons... trong )N O m> d v4 E ph.i theo c1u trCc song song> nghta F4 m> d v4 E ho:c F4 ccng F4 qanh t&> ho:c F4 ccng F4 m<t c%m )<ng t& ng~n. 22

- Phere are three main reasons why peopFe Fike smoking> in terms ofa naming m> d and E. ZDO Eho topic nh5 sau Qhy do you think peopFe attend coFFege or universityH Sau )/y F4 cAc thesis statement khAc nhau c=a nh$ng ng56i khAc nhauO - In my opinion> there are three main reasons why peopFe attend coFFege or universityO to be more independent> to get more eDperience and to widen knowFedge. - Phere are many reasons why peopFe attend coFFege or university> in my opinion there are three main ones which are shown beFow. Sau )/y F4 m<t sV mnu paragraphO - Qhy do peope need to attend coFFege or universityH qifferent pepFe have different answers to this #uestion. I beFieve that the three most common reasons are to prepare for a career> to have new eDperiences> and to increase their knowFedge of themseFves and the worFd around them. - Nowadays> more and more peopFe are trying to attend coFFege or university. qifferent peopFe do so for different reasons. Some typicaF reasons are new eDperiences> career preparation and increased knowFedge. In my opinion> it is the fast deveFopment> aFmost eDpFosion that make peopFe consider to attend coFFege or university. TSy th8 tLp F4m m<t )o@n introductory paragraph c=a nh$ng topic sau )/yO 1> Qhy do you think peopFe attend coFFege or universityH > qo you agree or disagreeO parents are the best teacherH "> If you couFd change one important thing about you hometown> what wouFd you changeH Basic Faragrap" Structure $"e $opic Sentence. jor eDampFe> suppose that you want to write a paragraph about the naturaF Fandmarks of your hometown. Phe first part of your paragraph might Fook Fike thisO ;y hometown is famous for severaF amaing naturaF features. jirst> it is noted for the Qheaton River> which is very wide and beautifuF. mFso> on the other side of the town is Qheaton TiFF> which is unusuaF because it is very steep. (Notice how the first sentence begins with ;y hometown... a few spaces to the right of the paragraph edge. Phis is an indentation. mFF paragraphs in ZngFish ;SP begin with an indentation.! Note how the first sentence> My hometown Jheaton is famo#s for several amaOing geographi"al feat#res is the most general statement. Phis sentence is different from the two sentences that foFFow it> since the second and third sentences mention specific detaiFs about the towns geography> and are not generaF statements. Tere are some eDampFes of sentences that cannot be used as topic sentences. Ean you figure out why they are inappropriateH 1. ;y hometown is famous because it is Focated by Qheaton River> which is very wide> and because it is buiFt near an unusuaFFy steep hiFF caFFed Qheaton TiFF. . Phere are two reasons why some peopFe Fike to buy cars with automatic transmission and two reasons why others Fike cars with manuaF transmission. ". EFouds are white. Phe probFem with sentence 1 is that it contains too many detaiFs. Popic sentences are generaF> and detaiFs shouFd appear Fater in the paragraph. m better topic sentence wouFd be Fike the one mentioned above> My hometown is famo#s for several amaOing geographi"al feat#res. Sentence is not appropriate as a topic sentence because it mentions two topics> not [ust one. \aragraphs are usuaFFy about one main thing and so their topic sentences shouFd aFso be about onFy one main thing. Phe probFem with sentence " is that it is toogeneraF. It is aFso very boring QouFd you Fike to read a paragraph with this topic sentenceH ;ost peopFe wouFd not. Qe can rewrite sentences and " in the foFFowing ways to make it betterO 2M

Phere are two reasons why some peopFe Fike to buy cars with automatic transmission. kR (in a different paragraph!O Phere are two reasons why some peopFe Fike cars with manuaF transmission.

Phe shapes of cFouds are determined by various factors.

Supporting Sentences Eonsider again the above-mentioned> short paragraphO ;y hometown> Qheaton> is famous for severaF amaing naturaF features. jirst> it is noted for the Qheaton River> which is very wide and beautifuF. mFso> on the other side of the town is Qheaton TiFF> which is unusuaF because it is very steep. (mgain> note how this paragraph is indented on the first Fine> about five or seven spaces in from the Fefthand edge of the paragraph. mFways remember to indent your paragraphs! Qhen a reader reads a topic sentence> such as My hometown Jheaton is famo#s for several amaOing nat#ral feat#res a -uestion shouFd usuaFFy appear in the readers mind. In this case> the #uestion shouFd be Fike> Qhat are the naturaF features that make Qheaton famousH Phe reader shouFd then eDpect that the rest of the paragraph wiFF give ananswer to this #uestion. Now Fook at the sentences after the topic sentence. Qe can see that the second sentence in the paragraph> First it is noted for the Jheaton Uiver whi"h is very wide and bea#tif#l indeed gives an answer to this #uestion. Phat is> the second sentence gives some eDpFanation for the fact that Qheaton is a famous town. SimiFarFy> we can see that the third sentence aFso gives some eDpFanation for the fact that Qheaton is famous by giving another eDampFe of an amaing naturaF feature> in this case> Qheaton TiFF. Phe second and third sentences are caFFed supporting sentences. Phey are caFFed supporting because they support> or eDpFain> the idea eDpressed in the topic sentence. kf course> paragraphs in ZngFish often have more than two supporting ideas. Phe paragraph above is actuaFFy a very short paragraph. At minimum@ you s"ould "a e at leastfi e to se en sentences in your paragrap". Tere we can see our paragraph about Qheaton with a few more supporting sentences in &old fontO ;y hometown is famous for severaF amaing naturaF features. jirst> it is noted for the Qheaton River> which is very wide and beautifuF. mFso> on the other side of the town is Qheaton TiFF> which is unusuaF because it is very steep. $"e t"ird amaing feature is t"e Big Nld $ree. $"is tree stands t!o "undred feet tall and is pro&a&ly a&out six "undred years old. $"e Concluding Sentence In formaF paragraphs you wiFF sometimes see a sentence at the end of the paragraph which summaries the information that has been presented. Phis is the concFuding sentence. ou can think of a concFuding sentence as a sort of topic sentence in reverse. ou can understand concFuding sentences with this eDampFe. Eonsider a hamburger that you can buy at a fast-food restaurant.| m hamburger has a top bun (a kind of bread!> meat> cheese> Fettuce> and other eFements in the middFe of the hamburger> and a bottom bun. Note how the top bun and the bottom bun are very simiFar. Phe top bun> in a way> is Fike a topic sentence> and the bottom bun is Fike the concFuding sentence. doth buns hoFd the meat> onions> and so on. SimiFarFy> the topic sentence and concFuding sentence hoFd the supporting sentences in the paragraph. lets see how a concFuding sentence (in &old font! might Fook in our sampFe paragraph about QheatonO ;y hometown is famous for severaF amaing naturaF features. jirst> it is noted for the Qheaton River> which is very 2_

wide and beautifuF. mFso> on the other side of the town is Qheaton TiFF> which is unusuaF because it is very steep. Phe third amaing feature is the dig kFd Pree. Phis tree stands two hundred feet taFF and is probabFy about siD hundred years oFd. $"ese t"ree landmar(s are truly amaing and ma(e my "ometo!n a famous place. Notice how the concFuding sentence> These three landmarks are tr#ly amaOing and make my hometown a famo#s pla"e summaries the information in the paragraph. Notice aFso how the concFuding sentence is simiFar to> but not eDactFy the same as> the topic sentence. Not aFF academic paragraphs contain concFuding sentences> especiaFFy if the paragraph is very short. Towever> if your paragraph is very Fong> it is a good idea to use a concFuding sentence. `etails in Faragrap"s Phe short paragraph in this Fesson is a fairFy compFete paragraph> but it Facks detaiFs. Qhenever possibFe> you shouFd incFude enough detaiFs in your paragraphs to heFp your reader understand eDactFy what you are writing about. In the paragraph about Qheaton> three naturaF Fandmarks are mentioned> but we do not know very much about them. jor eDampFe> we couFd add a sentence or two about Qheaton river concerning TkQ wide it is or QT it is beautifuF. Eonsider this revision (and note the additionaF detaiFs in&old!O ;y hometown is famous for severaF amaing naturaF features. jirst> it is noted for the Qheaton River> which is very wide and beautifuF. Nn eit"er side of t"is ri er@ !"ic" is 1hU feet !ide@ are many !illo! trees !"ic" "a e long &ranc"es t"at can mo e gracefully in t"e !ind. In autumn t"e lea es of t"ese trees fall and co er t"e ri er&an(s li(e golden sno!. mFso> on the other side of the town is Qheaton TiFF> which is unusuaF because it is very steep. E en t"oug" it is steep@ clim&ing t"is "ill is not dangerous@ &ecause t"ere are some firm roc(s along t"e sides t"at can &e used as stairs. $"ere are no trees around t"is "ill@ so it stands clearly against t"e s(y and can &e seen from many miles a!ay. Phe third amaing feature is the dig kFd Pree. Phis tree stands two hundred feet taFF and is probabFy about siD hundred years oFd. Phese three Fandmarks are truFy amaing and make my hometown a famous pFace.

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