2013 3

Language
and the

Brain

Language
A. Comparison
B. Localisation
C. Lateralisation

Brain

Language

Brain

A. Comparison


Nativists
Cognitivists ( ?
)

Language
A. Comparison
B. Localisation
C. Lateralisation

Brain

Language

B. Localisation

Brain
?

.
.
( ,
/ ??
?? ??)

Language
A. Comparison
B. Localisation
C. Lateralisation

Brain

Language

C. Lateralisation

Brain

? ?

. 5
.
relocate flexible
Critical period .

A. Comparison

vs :

A. Comparison

Cortex (Cortical area, )

:
, ,

Sub-cortex ( )
,
: ,
Cerebellum ()

A. Comparison

Left hemisphere

Right hemisphere

Corpus callosum ()

A. Comparison

A. Comparison

vs :

1. Cortex( )
.
2. Pre-frontal cortex()
6 .

3.
.

..

A. Comparison

vs :

A. Comparison

vs :

A. Comparison

vs :

Activity .
Can you suggest ways in which these difference might equip
human beings for speech?

B. Localisation

Evidence from Aphasia

Evidence from Brain Imaging

B. Localisation

a. Language is restricted to a single location or a limited number of locations.

b. Language is widely distributed throughout the brain.

B. Localisation

Evidence from Aphasia

Aphasia ()

B. Localisation

Evidence from Aphasia

Aphasia ()

1863, Paul Broca

1874, Carl Wernicke

Brocas area

Wernickes area

B. Localisation

a. Language is restricted to a single location or a limited number of locations.

b. Language is widely distributed throughout the brain.

B. Localisation

Evidence from Aphasia

: Aphasia

(1)

(2) .
(3) . ,
.
(4) .
(2),(3) ??

B. Localisation

Evidence from Brain Imaging

: brain imaging

.
( )

B. Localisation

Evidence from Brain Imaging

: PET
PET .

, ,
.

B. Localisation

Evidence from Brain Imaging

:
, ,
.

.
Broca Wernicke area ,
, Broca Wernicke
area
. aphasia language store

.

B. Localisation

Evidence from Brain Imaging

: broca aphasia
Broca Wernicke area ,
, Broca Wernicke
area
. aphasia language store

.

C.
Lateralisation

Lateralisation and Language

Lateralisation handedness, brain damage
Critical period

C. Lateralisation

Lateralisation() and Language

(;
)

Wada test :
Dichotic listening :
Commissurotomy :

.
.
,
,
. Broca Wernicke
,
.

.

C. Lateralisation

Lateralisation

handedness

.
.


.

C. Lateralisation

Lateralisation

Brain damage
Broca Wernicke

. ,

.
.
connection, ,
lateralise
flexible .

( pdf
)

C. Lateralisation

Critical Period

Critical period hypothesis

.

, .


.
: attic children table
( pdf
)
David Skuse

C. Lateralisation

Critical Period

2
( )
.
.
The suggestion has been made
that there may not be one critical
period but a whole set of them,
with different features of language
competence being lateralized at
different stages