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N MN HC K THUT SY
TI:
Thit k thit b sy hm sy khoai ty ct lt, nng sut 200 tn/nm.
iu kin thit k:
- m ban u 80%, m sn phm kh 8%.
- Khng kh bn ngoi 200C v m 85%.
- Ch sy: nhit tc nhn vo 700C, thi gian sy trong 15 gi.
- Nng lng: hi nc c p sut 5 bar.
n mn hc: K THUT SY
LI NI U
K thut ch bin v bo qun thc phm hin nay ang ngy cng c xu
hng pht trin mnh. Trong k thut bo qun bng phng php sy kh sn
phm l mt trong nhng phng php ang c p dng rt ph bin v hiu
qu hin nay. V d nh nhn sy kh, chui sy kh, ng sy, khoai ty sy
Nhm trang b cho k s ngnh Nhit trc khi ra trng nhng kin thc
c bn nht v k thut sy, sinh vin ca Vin KH&CN Nhit Lnh, trong chng
trnh o to, c hc mn k thut sy v lm n mn hc k thut sy.
c mt ci nhn trc quan v thc t hn, trong qu trnh lm n, em
c giao ti c th l thit k h thng sy hm dng sy khoai ty vi
nng sut 200 tn/nm. Bn n gm cc phn chnh nh sau:
Chng I: Tng quan v h thng sy hm
Chng II: Tnh ton qu trnh sy l thuyt
Chng III: Xc nh kch thc c bn ca thit b sy
Chng IV: Tnh ton qu trnh sy thc
Chng V: Tnh chn calorifer v cc thit b ph
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong b mn k thut nhit,
thy gio NGUYN C QUANG gip em hon thnh n ny. Tuy nhin,
do hn ch v mt kin thc l thuyt v thc t nn bn n ny s khng trnh
khi nhng sai st, em rt mong nhn c s ch dn v gp ca cc thy c
cng nh cc bn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn Danh Nam
n mn hc: K THUT SY
MC LC
LI NI U...........................................................................................................2
MC LC.................................................................................................................3
Chng I : TNG QUAN V H THNG SY HM..........................................5
I. H thng sy hm...............................................................................................5
II. H thng sy hm sy khoai ty...................................................................5
Chng II: TNH TON QU TRNH SY L THUYT....................................8
I. Tnh nng sut sy trong mt gi.......................................................................8
II. Tnh lng m bc hi trong mt gi...............................................................8
III. Chn ch sy ..............................................................................................8
IV. Tnh ton qu trnh sy l thuyt.....................................................................9
Chng III: XC NH KCH THC C BN................................................13
CA THIT B SY.............................................................................................13
I. Xc nh tit din hm sy...............................................................................13
II. Thit b Chuyn ti..........................................................................................14
III. Kch thc tng bao v trn hm sy..........................................................16
Chng IV: TNH TON QU TRNH SY THC...........................................17
I. Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i qV ......................................................17
II. Tn tht do thit b chuyn ti mang ra khi hm..........................................17
III. Tn tht ra mi trng...................................................................................18
IV. Tng tn tht nhit trong qu trnh sy thc.................................................21
Chng V: TNH CHN CALORIFER V THIT B PH................................23
n mn hc: K THUT SY
n mn hc: K THUT SY
n mn hc: K THUT SY
Nh chng ta bit, khoai ty l mt loi thc phm giu cht dinh dng.
Khoai ty l loi thc phm rt ph bin, c hng trm loi khc nhau. Chng c
phn bit da trn kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc v mi v. nhiu quc gia, c
bit l chu u v M, y l mt loi thc phm quen thuc. Chng cng l mt
trong nhng thc phm giu dng cht nht. Trong 150g khoai ty cung cp
khong 45% vitamin C cho nhu cu hng ngy ca bn. Chng c t nng lng
hn bi, nhiu kali hn chui v cung cp nhiu st hn cc loi rau c khc.
Khoai ty cn giu cht x, vitamin B6 v khong cht nh ng, mangan...
Tuy nhin khoai ty l c c thi gian thu hoch tng i ngn, bo qun
ti li rt kh khn do phi s ch thnh dng nguyn liu c th gi lu ngy
c. Khoai ty thng c s ch thnh dng lt. Quy trnh s ch thnh dng
lt, tm tt, gm cc cng on sau:
C ti ngm ra thi lt phi sy x l thnh phm.
i vi c ti, ngay sau khi thi, b mt lt thng c "nha" chy ra
lm cho b mt lt rt chng b sm mu do b oxy ha. trnh hin tng ny,
sau khi thi, lt c ngm ngay trong nc sch hoc trong dung dch x l.
Khoai lang v sn c th ngm vo dung dch nc vi trong khong 30 pht, lm
nh vy lt sau ny s c mu trng p. Ring khoai ty ngm trong dung dch
natri sunfit (Na2SO3) hoc natri bisunfit (NaHSO3) t l 1 so vi khi lng c
ti. Thi gian ngm 30 pht. Tt c cc lt sau khi ngm x l c vt ln r, r
hoc nhng mt thong nhm lm cho lt thot bt nc. Cn o trn lt tng
kh nng thot nc. Sau khi x l a lt v sy. gim bt thi gian sy, lt
nn c hong gi trc lm se lp b mt.
Nhng yu cu khi sy lt: Cc lt khi c hong cho se lp mt c
xp ln cc khay sy. Chiu dy ca lp lt trn khay khong 20mm. Cc lt nu
c xp ln xn trn khay th cng tt v nh vy tng c b mt bay hi nc.
Khay sy lm bng nhm c c l, cng c th lm mt khay bng tre na an,
kch thc l 10 x 10mm (an hnh mt co). Nhit khng kh nng khi cho tip
xc vi sn phm sy phi m bo c cc yu cu: Nung nng sn phm
lm bay hi m, nhng khng c lm bin i cht lng ca chng.
Giai on u ca qu trnh sy, nhit cung cp ch yu l lm nng sn
phm sy. Khi nhit lp b mt sn phm tng dn t ti nhit bay hi
n mn hc: K THUT SY
n mn hc: K THUT SY
G 200.1000
=
= 33,334 (kg/h)
T
300.20
1 2
1 0, 08
= 33,334.
= 153,334 (kg/h)
1 1
1 0,8
III. Chn ch sy
Chn h thng sy hm khng hi lu, tc nhn sy l khng kh nng i cng
chiu vi vt liu sy.
Thng s khng kh ngoi tri: t0 = 200C v 0 = 85%
Chn nhit tc nhn sy vo hm sy: t1 = 1300C, dung th ta tra c nhit
nhit k t tng ng l: t = 390C
Nhit tc nhn sy ra khi hm sy phi m bo lm sao va tit kim c
nhit lng do tc nhn sy mang i, li va m bo khng xy ra hin tng
ng sng.
y ta chn chnh nhit kh t ca khng kh ra khi hm sy l t =
70C nhit khng kh ra khi hm sy l: t2 = t + t = 39 + 7 = 460C
n mn hc: K THUT SY
n mn hc: K THUT SY
T cp thng s ( t0 = 200C, = 85%) ta dng cng thc gii tch hoc l dng
phng php th I d ta tm c cc thng s ng vi cc im tng ng trn
th.
n mn hc: K THUT SY
10
4026, 42
4026, 42
Pb = 12
= 0, 0233 (bar)
= 12
235,5 + t0
235,5 + 20
d 0 = 0, 621.
.Pb
(kg/kgkk)
B .Pb
4026, 42
4026, 42
Pb = 12
= 2, 6746 (bar)
= 12
235,5 + t1
235,5 + 130
745
745
.d 0
.0, 01242
750
750
m tng i: 1 =
=
= 0, 73 (%)
Pb1. ( 0, 621 + d 0 ) 2, 6746. ( 0, 621 + 0, 01242 )
B Pb .
1 1
Khi lng ring : k 1 = R . ( 273 + t ) = 0,8417 (kg/m3)
k
I 2 1, 004.t2
165,139 1, 004.46
=
= 0, 049 (kgm/kgkk )
2500 1, 004.t2
2500 1, 004.46
n mn hc: K THUT SY
11
4026, 42
4026, 42
Pb20 = 12
= 0, 09991 (bar )
= 12
235,5 + t20
235,5 + 46
m tng i 20 l:
745
745
.d 20
.0, 0485
750
750
20 =
=
= 0, 7305 73, 05 (%)
Pb20 . ( 0, 621 + d 20 ) 0, 09991. ( 0, 621 + 0, 049 )
B Pb .
2 2
Khi lng ring : k 2 = R . ( 273 + t ) = 1, 0052 (kg/m3)
k
1
1
=
= 27,311 (kgkk/kg m)
d 20 d1 0, 049 0, 01264
n mn hc: K THUT SY
12
V0
vk
n mn hc: K THUT SY
13
V0
3549, 066
=
= 0, 4929 (m2)
3600.vk
3600.2
0, 4929
k
Tit din tng ca phn sy: Fs = 1 = 1 0, 65 = 1, 408 (m2)
F
1, 048
s
Chiu cao hm sy: H h = B = 1, 2 = 1, 28 (m) = 1280 (mm)
h
c
S khay sy cha trn xe gong l: n = H .B = 15, 263 khay
vls
x
n mn hc: K THUT SY
14
Chn li n = 15 khay
Khong cch gia cc khay sy: H k =
H x n.H vls
= 22 (mm)
n
Chn li:
Chiu cao xe goong: Hx = 1,25 m
Chiu rng xe: Bx = 1 (m)
S khay cha VLS: 15 khay
Chiu dy lp vt liu sy trn khay: 0,06 (m)
Khong cch gia cc khay: 0,025 (m)
Chiu rng hm sy: Bh = 1,1 (m)
Chiu cao hm sy: Hh = 1,275 (m)
Tit din cn tr: Fc = 0,9 (m2)
Tit din ton b: Fs = 1,4025 (m2)
Tnh li h s in y: F = Fc/Fs = 0,6417
Nh vy ph hp vi gi thit chn
Tnh chiu di xe goong:
Chn mi khay cha c 8 kg vt liu m, khi lng ring ca khoai ty l kt =
1034 kg/m3
G
3
k
th tch khoai ty trn mt khay sy l: Vkt = = 1034 = 7, 7369.10 (m3)
kt
Vkt
7, 7369.103
=
= 0, 65 (m) = 650 (mm)
( 1 k ) .H vls .Bx ( 1 0,8) .0, 06.1
n mn hc: K THUT SY
15
1
Tnh s xe goong cn thit trong hm sy: n = G =
x
153,334.15
= 19,167 xe
15.8
Chn li s xe: n = 20 xe
Khong cch phn b ti v tr ca hm sy: L = 1 m
Chiu di hm sy l: Lh = n.Lx + 2.L = 20.0,65 + 2.1 = 15 (m)
n mn hc: K THUT SY
16
QV 1094, 74
=
= 9,122 (kJ/kgm)
W
120
15
qx =
Qx 693,333
=
= 5, 77 (kJ/kgm)
W
120
17
15
qk =
Qk 670,8
=
= 5,589 (kJ/kgm)
W
120
QCT 1364,133
=
= 11,367 (kJ/kgm)
W
120
n mn hc: K THUT SY
18
Qt = k.Fxq.ttb
k: h s truyn nhit,
k=
1
1 1 2 1
+ + +
1 1 2 2
19
Nh vy gi thit trn l hp l
Din tch xung quanh ca hm sy (k c phn ca ) l:
Fxq = 2.(Lh + 2.Bh).Hh = 43,86 (m2)
Tn tht nhit qua tng bao: Qt = k.Fxq.ttb = 2079,35 (W)
- Tn tht nhit qua trn hm sy
Qtr = ktr.Ftr.ttb
Theo trn ttb = 68K
H s truyn nhit k c tnh theo cng thc:
ktr =
1
1 1 2 1
+ + +
1 1 2 2
1 = 14,51 W/m2K
1 = 0,1 m; 1 = 0,7 W/mK; 2 = 0,05 m; 2 = 0,053 W/mK
H s ta nhit i lu t nhin ca khng kh bn ngoi (trn hm sy nm
ngang) l:
tr = 1,3. tuong = 1,3.3, 77545 = 4,908 (W/m2K)
n mn hc: K THUT SY
20
qn = 53,38 W/m2
Din tch nn hm sy: Fn = Ftr = 16,5 m2
Nhit tn tht qua nn l: Qn = Fn.qn = 16,5.53,38 = 880,77 (W)
Vy tng tn tht nhit ra mi trng l:
Qmt = Qxq + Qtr + Qn = 3785,787 (W) = 13628,834 (kJ/h)
Tnh cho 1kg m: qmt = Qmt/W = 113,57 (kJ/kg m)
IV. Tng tn tht nhit trong qu trnh sy thc
= Cn.tv1 ( qv + qct + qmt )
= 4,185.20 ( 9,122 + 11,367 + 113,57) = - 50,361 (kJ/kg m)
V. Tnh ton qu trnh sy thc
th I d biu din qu trnh sy thc
21
2t
2
cha hi: d 2t = 2500 1,842.t = 0, 0484 (kg/kgkk)
2
B.d
2t
m tng i thc t: 2t = Pb .(0, 621 + d ) = 0, 72 = 72%
2
2t
1
= 27,893 (kgkk/kg m)
d 2t d1
n mn hc: K THUT SY
22
Q 105, 06
=
= 110,589 (kW)
s
0,95
Qcal
, kJ/kg
ih i '
110,589
= 0, 052 (kg/s) = 188,772 (kg/h)
2749 640
Qcal . s
k .ttb
t1 t2
. t
t
ln 1
t
t1 = th t0 = 152 20 = 132 K
n mn hc: K THUT SY
23
t2 = th t1 = 152 130 = 22 K
H s hiu nh: = 1
ttb =
132 22
.1 = 61,39
132
(K)
ln
22
n mn hc: K THUT SY
24
n mn hc: K THUT SY
25
Trong :
l h s tr lc ma st, = 0,05 W/mK
L l chiu di phn sy, L = 15 m
dtd l ng knh tng ng ca khe thng gi gia cc khay cha vt liu sy
theo trn ta tnh c din tch thng gi ca hm sy l : Fk = 0,5m2
chu vi phn thng gi : u = 8,75 m
dtd =
4. f 4.0,5
=
= 0, 228 (m)
u
8, 75
v2
, N/m2
2
n mn hc: K THUT SY
26
STT
1
2
3
4
68
69
V tr gy tr
lc
Cn
Calorifer
Ngot 90
Ngot 90
Vo xe 20 ln
Trong xe
Ra xe 20 ln
Ngot 90
Ngot 90
Tng cng
(kg/m3)
0.8417
v
(m/s)
3.2
0.8417
0.8417
0.85
0.85
0.85
1.005
1.005
3
3
2
2
2
2.8
2.8
Cdi
(m)
ktd
(m)
1.25
1.1
1.1
0.18
15
0.228
0.05
0.25
1.1
1.1
P
(N/m2)
5.3869
30
4.1664
4.1664
6.12
5.5921
8.5
4.3336
4.3336
72.599
tc
1, 2
= 72,599.
= 94,35 N/m2
0,9233
n mn hc: K THUT SY
27
n mn hc: K THUT SY
28