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!&n mu sGc 'u5 V, hJnh thnh lycopen v caroten 1iun ra ru 1ng p DowDC"Y $m ch" 'u c mu !R h"sc 1a cam !m5 @hi%t ! qEwqr "Y $m 'u c mu vng 1" lycopen khng !-/c hJnh thnh5 @hi%t ! tr(n oE "Y $m ch" 'u giO nguy(n mu anh vJ c9 ch& *hIn hu chlorophyll khng h"Lt !ng+ caroten v lycopen khng !-/c hJnh thnh5 @hi%t ! ca" tr"ng 'u trJnh *ht trin 'u cNng $m gim s, hJnh thnh *[ctin n(n 'u nhanh m;m h9n ~1:n th[" @guyun Th4 ?>ng Thu+ DEEt5 G>c>G &" 3K&' Y chua $ cIy -a nh sng+ cIy c"n tr"ng v-Pn -9m n&u !H nh sng ~BEEE $u s ch" ch#t $-/ng tt+ c)ng cIy+ 3 $ t"+ kh"+ sQm !-/c tr>ng5 i;u ki%n nh sng tt $m ch" c-Png ! 'uang h/* tng+ cIy ra h"a !u 'u sQm h9n+ ch#t $-/ng sn *hym ca" h9n5 im 38" h" nh sng cHa cIy c chua $ vE5EEE $u + $ cIy tr>ng cKn nhi;u nh sng ch< sau cIy 1-a h#u5 Y-Png ! nh sng th#* $m chm 'u trJnh sinh tr-png+ cn trp 'u trJnh ra h"a+ $m vSi nhu v-9n 1i v tL" n(n nhOng hLt *h#n khng c s)c sng+ th2 tinh km5 nh sng !Ky !H thJ vi%c th2 tinh thun $/i+ 1:n !&n s, *ht trin 3Jnh th-Png cHa 'u+ 'u !>ng !;u+ nng su#t tng5 Whi c chua 34 ch[ 3ng+ nng su#t th-Png gim v 'u 34 14 hJnh5 Tr"ng !i;u ki%n thi&u nh sng nng su#t c chua th-Png gim+ 1" vy vi%c tr>ng th-a $m tng hi%u 'u s0 12ng nh sng k&t h/* vQi nh sng 3 sung s $m tng t $% !u 'u+ tng s 'u tr(n cIy+ tng trng $-/ng 'u v $m tng nng su#t5 @hi;u nghi(n c)u !8 ch< ra r{ng c chua khng *hn )ng vQi ! 1i ngy+ 'uang chu k tr"ng thPi k !u 'u c th 1a" !ng t. vwAt giP5 Tuy nhi(n mt s nghi(n c)u khc ch" r{ng nh sng ngy 1i v hm $-/ng nitrat nh h-png r= r%t !&n t $% !u 'u5 Yhi&u sng v giP v tng $-/ng !Lm s $m ch" t $% !u 'u gim tr"ng khi ! nh sng ngy 1i $m tng s 'u}cIy5 Tr"ng !i;u ki%n ngy ngGn n&u khng 3n !Lm thJ ch< ch" 'u t+ tr"ng !i;u ki%n ngy 1i m khng 3n !Lm thJ cIy khng ra h"a v khng !u 'u ~1:n th[" @guyun Th4 ?>ng Thu+ DEEt5 G>c>c N58= Q( )F d_ Y chua c y(u cKu v; n-Qc p cc giai !"Ln sinh tr-png r#t khc nhau+ u h-Qng 3an !Ku cKn t v; sau cKn nhi;u5 za h"a v hJnh thnh 'u $ cc thPi k cIy c
r

chua cKn nhi;u n-Qc nh#t5 ThPi k ny khng !H n-Qc s $m ch" h"a r2ng+ t h"a+ t 'u+ 'u kh5 Y chua sinh tr-png v *ht trin tt nh#t p ! ym !#t vEwCE+ ym ! khng kh $ oBwBB5 YIy c chua ch4u !-/c hLn nh-ng khng ch4u !-/c 6ng+ khi chuyn t. ch& ! ym th#* sang ch& ! ym ca" !t ngt nh- t-Qi n-Qc nhi;u h"sc m-a t" sau mt thPi gian 1i th-Png gIy n(n hi%n t-/ng n)t 'u5 ym khng kh tr(n tE 1u $m ch" hLt *h#n 34 tr-9ng n)t+ h"a c chua khng th2 *h#n !-/c v s r2ng5 ym th#* $m gim nng su#t 'u nh-ng *hKn n" $m tng *hym ch#t 'u vJ hm $-/ng !-Png v hm $-/ng ch#t kh tr"ng 'u tng $(n5 ym th#* cNng $m r6t ngGn thPi gian chn cHa 'u ~1:n th[" TL Thu Y6c+ AtCq5 G>c>e> R+ Q( 97&" 95Z&' #t *hZ h/* vQi cIy c chua $ !#t th4t nh+ !#t th4t trung 3Jnh+ !#t th4t *ha ct+ giu mZn+ t9i *+ t-Qi ti(u thun $/i+ ! *? t. B+Bwv+B5 *? t. r+E w r+B thch h/* nh#t ch" s, sinh tr-png v *ht trin cHa cIy5 Th[" Wi;u Th4 Th- ~AttC ! c A t#n c chua cKn D+t kg @ E+o kg T E+o kg W v E+oBkg `g5 Y chua h6t nhi;u nh#t $ ka$i+ ti&* !&n $ !Lm v t nh#t $ $In5 Y chua s0 12ng rE $-/ng !Lm+ BtwrE WDa v ABwDE TDaB tng $-/ng *hIn 3n v" !#t sut v2 tr>ng5 @g"i cc y&u t !a $-/ng @+ T+ W c chua cKn cc y&u t vi $-/ng ! sinh tr-png+ *ht trin nh- f+ `n+ `g+ |[+ Yu+ V5 Whi thi&u cc y&u t vi $-/ng cIy sinh tr-png chm+ 1u nhium 3%nh+ r2ng h"a+ 'u n"n $m gim nng su#t ~1:n th[" @guyun Th4 ?>ng Thu+ DEEt5 G>e> 1F+ 34 +"(&" +A# QS ="0& '74&' =( ="#< f V7B+ N<_ @hJn chung+ cc nghi(n c)u chn tL" ging c chua th-Png t* trung v" cc m2c ti(u nh- sinh tr-png kh"+ nng su#t ca"+ 'u c)ng+ th4t 'u 1y+ tnh ch4u n)t 'u ca"+ chng ch4u sIu 3%nh tt+ ch4u nhi%t+ ngGn ngy+ 'u chGc+ thPi gian 3" 'un 1i+ mu sGc chn !R !;u+ ch#t $-/ng !* )ng !-/c nhu cKu n t-9i v ch& 3i&n555 Yh" !&n nay+ s $-/ng v chHng $"Li ging c chua !8 trp n(n r#t *h"ng *h6+ !a 1Lng+ *hKn n" !* )ng !-/c nhu cKu cHa sn u#t v ti(u 1Zng5 XQi nhOng m2c ti(u ny+ nhi;u ging c chua -u t6 !8 !-/c tL" ra p Xi%t @am+ !* )ng !-/c th,c tiun sn u#t nh- `XA+ ?B+ ?Tv+ YtB+ YVA+

Uing c chua `XA c !sc !im sinh tr-png tE !&n AEE ngy+ c kh nng ch4u nng tt+ ym ! ca"+ th#* khc nhau+ nng su#t tri v2 !Lt qq !&n or t#n}ha+ chnh v2 tr"ng !i;u ki%n thIm canh c th !Lt BD !&n rE t#n}ha+ 'u chGc+ t 1* nt+ mu !R t-9i+ chng ch4u tt vQi 3%nh "n $+ cIy ca" trung 3Jnh rB cm+ !-/c cng nhn ging 'uc gia nm AttC ~@guyun ?>ng `inh v Wi;u Th4 Th-+ AttC5 Uing c chua $ai ?Tv c kh nng ch4u nng ca"+ chH y&u tr>ng v" cc v2 sQm v v2 uIn hM+ thuc 1Lng ngGn ngy+ th#* cIy+ nng su#t !Lt oE !&n Br t#n}ha+ 'u chGc+ khi $-/ng vE !&n CB g}'u+ ch4u vn chuyn+ thPi gian 3" 'un $Iu 1i Uing c chua YtB c nng su#t ca"+ c cc ch< ti(u ch#t $-/ng !* )ng y(u cKu ch& 3i&n cng nghi%*+ !-/c f @ng nghi%* v TT@T cng nhn ging luc gia nm DEEo5 Uing YVA c thPi gian sinh tr-png ngGn ~ADE ngy+ ra h"a v chn t* trung+ 'u nhR ~oEwBE g}'u+ ch#t $-/ng tt+ vR 1y+ chGc+ c kh nng chng ch4u virus+ thch h/* tr>ng p v2 !ng uIn sQm v uIn hM mun+ nng su#t !Lt qB !&n oE t#n}ha+ !-/c cng nhn $ ging khu v,c ha nm AttB ~Tr-9ng ch+ Attt5 Uing c chua ?B c thPi gian sinh tr-png t. AqEwAoE ngy+ nng su#t v2 !ng uIn !Lt oo !&n BB t#n}ha+ v2 uIn hM !Lt qE !&n oE t#n}ha+ khi chn c mu !R t-9i c kh nng ch4u 3%nh h" anh vi khuyn+ !m vi khuyn v mt s 3%nh khc+ thch h/* ch" tr>ng tri v2 p mi;n fGc Xi%t @am+ !-/c cng nhn ging khu v,c ha nm DEED ~TrKn Xn \i v cng s+ DEEB5 ?ai ging ?A v ?D !-/c Xi%n nghi(n c)u rau 'u chn ra tr"ng cc ging nh* ni t. _XzeY nm Attt+ $ cc ging c chua n t-9i+ ch4u nhi%t tt+ nng u#t n !4nh5 Uing ?D !8 !-/c cng nhn $ ging 'uc gia ~f @@ v TT@T+ DEEB5 Uing TTAC !-/c vi%n nghi(n c)u rau 'u chn tL" t. ngu>n vt $i%u 3an !Ku $ cc ging nh* ni t. _XzeY5 Uing sinh tr-png hOu hLn+ chi;u ca" cIy t. CE !&n AAE cm+ t $% !u 'u trung 3Jnh !Lt rE !&n vB+ nng su#t th,c thu t. DB !&n BE t#n}ha+ !-/c cng nhn ging 'uc gia nm DEEB ~e-9ng Wim Th"a v TrKn WhGc Thi+ DEEr5

Uing c chua eT DC 1" Xi%n ei truy;n @ng nghi%* chn tL" thuc 1Lng hJnh sinh tr-png 3n hOu hLn+ thPi gian sinh tr-png ADE w AqE ngy+ thch h/* tr>ng v2 !ng sQm v chnh v2 ch" nng su#t tr(n BE t#n}ha v2 uIn hM ch" nng su#t qE !&n qq t#n}ha5 Uing !-/c f @ng nghi%* v Tht trin nng thn cng nhn $ ging tLm thPi v ch" *h* sn u#t th0 nghi%m tr(n 1i%n rng t. thng AE}DEEr5 `sc 1Z !8 c nhOng thnh t,u !ng k v; chn tL" cc ging c chua c nng su#t ca"+ chIt $-/ng tt+ chng ch4u !-/c mt s 3%nh nh-ng chn tL" ging c chua khng virus "n vng $ v chn chm v:n cSn $ mt v#n !; $Qn !i vQi cc nh chn ging tr"ng n-Qc5 @ghi(n c)u chn tL" ging c chua nng su#t ca"+ ch#t $-/ng tt+ chn chm v khng virus "n vng $ s gi6* tng hi%u 'u sn u#t+ mang $Li $/i ch thi&t th,c ch" ng-Pi nng 1In5 G>g> Th&" "h&" &'"7%& =i# ="0& +,* '74&' =( ="#< ;"K&' Q7.#3 j*k& Q(&' lK @hJn chung+ cc nghi(n c)u tL" ging c chua khng 3%nh "n vng $ !i th[" cc h-Qng chH y&u ~A tL" ging khng v[ct"r 3 *h#n ~D tL" ging khng virus "n vng $ nhP nhOng ngu>n khng t, nhi(n t. c chua 1Li v ~q tL" ging khng 3%nh nhP ngu>n khng t. virus thng 'ua cng ngh% z@_i5 Tr"ng !+ tL" ging mang tnh khng t, nhi(n !-/c ch" $ hi%u 'u nh#t ! *hSng chng 3%nh ~T[na v cng s+ DEAE5 G>g>I> N'"7%& =i# QS =K= &'#/& 'm& ;"K&' Q7.#3 j*k& Q(&' lK \"i c chua tr>ng ~Solanum lycopersicum c,c k m:n cm vQi virus "n vng $ ~T"mat" y[$$" $[a cur$ virus T\YX5 Tuy nhi(n+ m)c ! khng ca" vQi T\YX !8 !-/c tJm th#y tr"ng cc $"i c chua 1Li S. pimpinelli olium+ S. peruvianum+ S. chilense, S. ha!rochaites, v S. cheesmaniae5 `t vi acc[ssi"n cHa v S. pimpinelli olium cNng 3iu hi%n m)c ! chng ch4u tt vQi T\YX ~i v cng s,+ DEEva T[na v cng s,+ DEAE5 Tr"ng cc $"i c chua 1Li 3iu hi%n tnh khng vQi T\YX+ S. chilense, S. ha!rochaites, v S. peruvianum cung c#* kh nng khng tt

v !8 !-/c s0 12ng rng r8i tr"ng ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging ! *ht trin cc ging c chua th-9ng mLi khng T\YX ~i v cng s,+ DEEva T[na v cng s,+ DEAE5 `t s g[n $sn $i(n 'uan !&n tnh khng tr"ng cc cIy c kh nng chng ch4u T\YX t. acc[ssi"n T^DrtqB thuc $"i S. peruvianum !8 !-/c *ht hi%n 3pi Ti$"sky v Y"h[n5 @hOng nghi(n c)u ny 1: !&n s, ra !Pi cHa TDE+ mt ging khng v.a *hi5 Ti&* !+ cc 1Sng ging vQi kh nng khng ca" nh- TAvD+ TAtv !8 !-/c *ht trin tLi Trung tIm X"$cani p ^sra[$ t. $"i S. peruvianum ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 Tnh khng tr"ng TAvD !-/c !i;u khin 3pi mt l\T ~luantitativ[ Trait \"cus $Qn v 3n l\T nhR+ l\T $Qn !-/c !st t(n $ TywB+ n{m tr(n nhium sGc th s o ~_n3in1[r v cng s,+ DEEt5 Yc acc[ssi"n \_qvD+ \_oBD+ \_orD+ \_ADvo+ \_Aqqq+ \_Aqvq+ v Y`X s[$ ^@z_ ~T^ADrtDr T^ADCroCwr+ cNng nh- S. peruvianum var. humi usum \_qCB !8 !-/c *ht hi%n $ c kh nng khng ca" vQi T\YX5 Yc g[n t. S. peruvianum !8 nhanh chng !-/c !-a v" cc ging $ai th-9ng mLi t(n tui v cung c#* kh nng khng tt vQi T\YX ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 S. chilense $ ngu>n g[n khng r#t 'uan trng tr"ng nhi;u ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging tr(n th& giQi5 @m AttA+ akay v cng s !8 3" c" kh nng khng ca" vQi T\YX tr"ng cc c th \_Atrt ~i v cng s+ DEEva5 @m Atto+ amir v cng s !8 $* 3n !> g[n "y#$ tr(n nhium sGc th s r v hai g[n 3 sung tr(n nhium sGc th s q v v ~i v cng s+ DEEva5 Xi%c !-a g[n khng T\YX t. \_Atrt v" c chua tr>ng !8 !-/c ti&n hnh tr"ng cc ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging cHa nhi;u nhm nghi(n c)u+ n cNng !8 !-/c !-a v" c chua tr>ng 3pi mt s cng ty ging t- nhIn ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 ?i%n !8 tJm ra p S. chilense cc acc[ssi"n \_AtqD+ \_AtqC+ \_AtBt+ \_AtrE+ \_AtrA+ \_Atrq+ \_AtrC+ \_Atrt+ \_Dvov+ \_Dvvo+ v \_Dvvt c kh nng khng T"`"X p |$"ri1a v !8 !-/c s0 12ng ! 3Gt !Ku mt ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging khng 3{ng *h-9ng *h* $ai khc $"i5 Ti(* !+ \_AtqD+ \_Dvvt+ v \_AtqC !8 !-/c ch)ng minh $ ngu>n khng hOu ch ch" ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging c chua p |$"ri1a5 ?i%n nay+ mt s ch-9ng trJnh nhIn ging th-9ng mLi !ang s0 12ng cc g[n khng t. S. chilense v ng-Pi tr>ng !8 ch#* nhn cc ging ny tr(n th4 tr-Png ~i v
AE

cng s,+ DEEva5 Yc !nh gi tLi trung tIm rau th& giQi ~Th[ "r$1 X[g[ta3$[ Y[nt[r w _XzeY cNng ch" th#y \_AtqD khng tt tLi t#t c C !4a !im th0 nghi%m tLi ng @am ~Ur[[n v Vhanmugasun1aram+ DEEv+ g/i r{ng \_AtqD c th $ mt ngu>n g[n khng tt ch" Xi%t @am v cKn !-/c nghi(n c)u th(m5 @m AtCD+ ?assan v cng s !8 !nh gi cc acc[ssi"n \_EqCr+ \_ADBD+ \_ADtB+ \_AqBD+ \_Aqtq+ \_ArDo+ v \_ArtA thuc $"i S. ha!rochaites v th#y r{ng ch6ng c kh nng khng ca" vQi T\YX+ tnh khng t. cc acc[ssi"n ny $ tri ~i v cng s+ DEEva5 _cc[ssi"n \_Avvv !8 !-/c cng 3 c kh nng khng T\YX+ cc cIy khng t. acc[ssi"n ny !-/c chn ! $ai vQi cc cIy khng t. acc[ssi"n \_EqCr ! tL" ra mt 'uKn th |A c kh nng khng ca"+ 'uKn th ny !-/c s0 12ng ! $ai vQi S. lycopersicum v !8 tL" ra cc cIy c kh nng miun 14ch v ch4u 3%nh+ tnh khng !-/c ch" $ 1" mt g[n tri chnh v mt s g[n nhR !i;u khin ~i v cng s+ DEEva5 `t 1Sng ging ^htED !8 !-/c s0 12ng ! tL" ra cc cIy $ai+ tr"ng ! |_X^ t $ mt ngu>n khng 'uan trng ch" cc ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging p Uuat[ma$a v cc n-Qc Trung ng khc ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 TLi n + S. ha!rochaites 5 g$a3ratum frEAq !8 !-/c ch)ng minh c hai g[n $#n t ~[*istatic g[n[s kim s"t tnh khng "omato lea curl virus ~T"\YX5 Vau !+ cc nh nghi(n c)u p !Iy !8 *ht trin 1Sng ging ?Do t. acc[ssi"n ny5 ?Do !8 !-/c ch)ng minh mang g[n khng "y#25 ?Do tL" ra tnh ch4u 3%nh r= rng vQi mt s chHng ~strains T\YX}T"\YX nh-ng khng *hi t#t c5 X 12+ ?Do ch4u !-/c cc chHng T\YX}T"\YX p i \"an+ mi;n fGc Xi%t @am+ @am n + v ^sra[$ nh-ng m:n cm vQi cc chHng T\YX *ha 3Gc n + Thi \an+ v Thi$i**in[s5 "y#2 $ ngu>n g[n khng !-/c s0 12ng sQm nh#t tr"ng ch-9ng trJnh tL" ging c chua p Trung tIm @ghi(n c)u v Tht trin rau YhIu ~_XzeY v !8 !-/c khai thc rng r8i 3pi mt s cng ty ging cIy tr>ng YhIu ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 G>g>G> BE& )/ n"]& +o Q( _<.;m. "p +.q ="0& l0= r1ASs =K= 'm& ;"K&' TWLCV \"cus "y#$ !8 !-/c $* 3n !> !Ku ti(n tr(n nhium sGc th s r vQi cc z|\T mark[r TUDtv v TUtv s0 12ng cc 'uKn th !-/c ta" ra t. *h* $ai giOa 1Sng m m:n cm cm `CDwAwC S. lycopersicum vQi acc[ssi"n khng T\YX S. chilense
AA

\_Atrt ~amir v cng s,+ Atto5 Yc cIy !>ng h/* t0 ch" cc a$[n t. V5chi$[ns[ tLi TUDtv v TUtv $ khng ca" v khng tL" ra tri%u ch)ng 3%nh5 Yc mark[r 1,a tr(n $"cus TUtv $i(n k&t chst vQi g[n "y#$ !8 !-/c *ht trin tLi ?[3r[ jniv[rsity " [rusa$[m+ ^sra[$5 YZng vQi "y#$+ vi g[n khng khc !8 !-/c $* 3n !> tr(n nhium sGc th s r gKn vZng "y#$5 X 12 nh- g[n `iwA c ngu>n gc t. S. peruvianum khng tuy&n trZng nt s-ng ru+ !4nh v4 tr"ng *ham vi kh"ng rc` gKn $"cus "y#$5 i;u ny ch" *h* s0 12ng cc mark[r *hIn t0 $i(n k&t vQi g[n `iwA $m mark[r ch" g[n "y#$ n&u cc a$[n t. S. peruvianum v S. chilense khc nhau v; cc mark[r ny5 Tr-Png h/* cc a$[n t. D $"i $ ging nhau v; cc mark[r ny+ s0 12ng ch6ng c th 1:n !&n k&t 'u sai5 Y_TV mark[r zxwA $i(n k&t vQi g[n `iwA c th !-/c s0 12ng $m mark[r *ht hi%n $"cus "y#$ ~kh"ng B+B c` ~`i$"+ DEEA5 Ti&* !+ Y_TV mark[r fwA $i(n k&t chst vQi "y#$ !8 !-/c c !4nh+ n ch" *h* chn $c "y#$ m khng *h2 thuc v" `iwA ~Yastr" v cng s,+ DEEv5 `ark[r 3wA c ngu>n gc t. z|\T YDA+ n tL" ra q a$[n khc nhau nhP cGt hLn ch& sn *hym TYz 3{ng [nym[ Ta'^5 _$[n A c mt 3an1 #* < oEE3*+ a$[n D g>m mt 3an1 h9i $Qn h9n oEE 3* v a$[n q c mt 3an1 BEE3*5 _$[n D v q $ !>ng tri v tri h9n a$[n A5 _$[n q !8 *ht hi%n !-/c cc 1Sng mang g[n "y#$ m khng *h2 thuc v" s, c mst cHa `iwA ~Yastr" v cng s+ DEEv5 \"cus "y#2 !8 !-/c $* 3n !> tr(n nhium sGc th s AA vQi cc z|\T mark[r TUqtq v TUqr s0 12ng 1Sng ging ?Do c ngu>n gc t. S. ha!rochaites nh- mt ngu>n khng ~?ans"n v cng s,+ DEEE5 ?i%n nay+ mt s mark[r 1,a tr(n TYz ch" vZng e@_ chuyn v" t. S. ha!rochaites !8 !-/c *ht trin5 Y_TV mark[r TUAEB_ ch" th#y kh nng khu&ch !Li mLnh v cGt hLn ch& sn *hym TYz 3{ng [nym[ Ta'^ !8 tL" ra cc 3an1 !a hJnh ch" S. ha!rochaites v S. lycopersicum5 `t mark[r 1,a tr(n TYz khc $ TEqED cNng !-/c *ht trin ch" $"cus "y#2 m khng *hi 1Zng [nym[ giQi hLn5 ThIn tch $i(n k&t ch" th#y TUAEB_ v TEqED $i(n k&t chst vQi nhau+ kh"ng cch cHa cc mark[r ny vQi g[n "y#2 $ #* < AE c` ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5

AD

Hh&" G>I> VD +.U 'm& Ty-2 +.%& &"7C_ 3t= +"^ 34 II ~?ans"n v cng s,+ DEEE @m DEEr+ _grama v Vc"tt !8 !-a ra mt 3n !> l\T ch" tnh khng T\YX v T"`"X ~T"mat" `"tt$[ Xirus tr"ng cc acc[ssi"n S. chilense \_Dvvt v \_AtqD s0 12ng cc z_Te mark[r ~i v cng s+ DEEva T[na v cng s+ DEAE5 @ghi(n c)u ny ch" th#y r{ng c q vZng tr(n nhium sGc th s r g* *hKn tL" n(n tnh khng c hai virus T\YX v T"`"X5 XZng th) nh#t 3a" g>m vZng "y#$+ tr"ng khi hai vZng khc n{m hai 3(n s-Pn cHa cc $"cus sp ~s[$w*runing v c ~*"tat" $[a5 Yc z_Te mark[r $i(n k&t vQi tnh khng tr"ng cc vZng ny !8 !-/c c !4nh 3{ng cch s0 12ng cc 1Sng ging khng c ngu>n gc t. cc acc[ssi"n \_Dvvt v \_AtqD5 Vau !+ i v cng s ~DEEv3 !8 $* mt 3n !> chi ti&t ch" tnh khng !egomovirus v nhn ra mt vZng e@_ $Qn !-/c chuyn v" t. S. chilense k" 1i t. mark[r YD_DgqtrtE !&n TECqo tr"ng cc 1Sng ging ti(n ti&n c ngu>n gc t. \_Dvvt khng c hai virus T\YX v T"`"X5 `t $"cus khng !egomovirus !8 !-/c $* 3n !> p kh"ng giOa mark[r c\xUwqAwTAr v TAEvt tr(n nhnh 1i cHa nhium sGc th s r+ v !-/c c !4nh $ "y#%5 Tha tr(n $"cus "y#%+ vZng e@_ $Qn !-/c chuyn v" ny cNng ni vQi vZng "y#$ gKn g[n `i+ g/i r{ng cc a$[n tLi c hai $"cus "y#$ v "y#% c kh nng cZng t>n tLi v ni vQi nhau5 Tri $Li+ cc 1Sng ging ti(n ti&n c ngu>n gc t. \_AtqD c mt vZng e@_ !-/c chuyn v" ngGn h9n+ t. c\xUwqAw

Aq

TAr !&n YD_tBgoAoCE+ vZng ny cNng mang mt $"cus khng !egomovirus m c $ thuc a$[n tLi $"cus "y#%5 i v Vc"tt ~DEEr !8 c !4nh r{ng cc $"cus "y#% !4nh v4 tr"ng mt khu v,c 3a" g>m $"cus |xz ~DB c`+ f_Y c$"n[ BrfDq+ _rvCDtC5 Yc trJnh t, ch" cc g[n UC cHa f_Y c$"n[ BrfDq $ khc nhau !i vQi cc 1Sng c ngu>n gc t. S. chilense \_Dvvt v \_AtqD ~`a [$$ v cng s+ DEEv5 *hIn 3i%t hai intr"gr[ssi"n ny+ mt t. \_Dvvt !-/c ch< !4nh $ "y#% v mt t. \_AtqD !-/c ch< !4nh $ "y#%a5 `t mark[r !>ng tri |\jDB ~VY_z mark[r !8 !-/c 3" c" ~i v cng s,+ DEEva *ht hi%n !-/c cc a$[n "y#% v "y#% ~c ngu>n gc t. S. lycopersicum+ nh-ng khng *ht hi%n !-/c a$[n "y#%a ~i v cng s,+ DEEvc5 khGc *h2c v#n !; ny+ nhm tc gi tr(n !8 *ht trin mark[r !>ng tri TrwDB ~VY_z mark[r *ht hi%n !-/c cc a$[n "y#%+ "y#%+ "y#%a ~i v cng s,+ DEEvc5 Whi s0 12ng cs* m>i TrwDB|D}zB ny ! sng $c mt vi ging $ai t. cc cng ty ging th-9ng mLi+ cc tc gi !8 nhn !-/c mnh TYz rrE 3* t. q ging th-9ng mLi+ cc mnh ny !-/c gii trJnh t, v ch" th#y AEE t-9ng !>ng vQi !"Ln t. S. chilense \_Atrt5 ^ntr"gr[ssi"n mQi !-/c *ht hi%n c ngu>n gc t. V5chi$[ns[ \_Atrt ny !-/c gi $ "y#%! ~i v cng s,+ DEEvc5 i v cng s ~DEEC !8 *ht hi%n mt intr"gr[ssi"n S. chilense Ao c` tr(n nhnh 1i cHa nhium sGc th s q tr"ng mt s 1Sng ging khng c ngu>n gc t. \_AtqD5 Vau !+ mt $"cus khng !egomovirus mQi $ "y#& !8 !-/c $* 3n !> vQi cc mark[r v" kh"ng D+q c` giOa YD_togAvqEE v YD_tBgrEArE tr"ng vZng intr"gr[ssi"n ~i v cng s,+ DEEt5 ThIn tch 'uKn th *hIn $y v; $"cus "y#% v "y#& !8 ch)ng minh r{ng "y#% gii thch Bt+r 3i&n 14 kiu hJnh khng ~*h[n"ty*ic variati"n+ tr"ng khi "y#& ch< gii thch ch" AB+v+ !i;u ny g/i r{ng "y#& tL" ra mt hi%u $,c khng T\YX nhR h9n5 Yc 1Sng ti t h/* mang c "y#% v "y#& c m)c khng ca" h9n vQi T\YX ~i v cng s,+ DEEt5

Ao

Hh&" G>G> BE& )/ 'm& Ty-3 +.%& &"7C_ 3t= +"^ 34 u ~i v cng s,+ DEEv3
'(n )* li+n ,-t )./c 01y 2ng t3 4u5n th6 72 lai gi8a loi S. lycopersicum m9n c(m v:i 2;ng gi<ng ,h=ng ti+n ti-n c> ngu*n g<c t3 L?$@%2 A!+n ph(i, gBn nhCn L?$@%2#?L#72D, hoEc gi8a loi S. lycopersicum m9n c(m v:i 2;ng gi<ng ,h=ng cao cFp c> ngu*n g<c t3 L?2GG@ AH gi8a, gBn nhCn L?2GG@#72#?LD. C=c vIng !Ji )en !i6u 2iKn c=c )oLn MN? )./c chuy6n vo t3 S. chilense.

AB

Hh&" G>c> BE& )/ n"]& +o 'm& Ty-4 +.%& &"7C_ 3t= +"^ 34 c ~i v cng s,+ DEEt _n3in1[r v cng s ~DEEt !8 $* 3n !> mt l\T $Qn v 3n l\T *h2 nhR g* *hKn tL" n(n tnh khng T\YX tr"ng 1Sng ging TAvD c ngu>n gc t. S. peruvianum5 l\T $Qn !-/c !st t(n $ TywB+ !-/c $* 3n !> tr(n nhium sGc th s o tr"ng vZng $In cn cHa mark[r V^@_YA v ch4u trch nhi%m qt5v w or5r 3i&n 14 kiu hJnh5 Yc l\T nhR+ 3Gt ngu>n t. cc cha m khng h"sc m:n cm+ !-/c $* 3n !> tr(n nhium sGc th s A+ v+ t v AA+ v ch4u trch nhi%m AD 3i&n 14 tr"ng m)c nghi(m trng tri%u ch)ng+ 3 sung ch" g[n TywB ~_n3in1[r v cng s,+ DEEt5

Ar

Hh&" G>e> BE& )/ ;"*E&' =K=" =1 '7?< =K= _<.;m. 'm& T$vg +.%& &"7C_ 3t= +"^ e ~_n3in1[r v cng s,+ DEEt 8 c nhi;u c gGng tr"ng vi%c nhn 1i%n v $* 3n !> cc g[n 'ui !4nh tnh khng T\YX tr"ng S. pimpinelli olium v S. cheesmaniae nh-ng khng tL" ra !-/c cc 3n !> tt cNng nh- khng tJm ra !-/c cc mark[r $i(n k&t chst *hZ h/* ch" `_V ~T[na v cng s,+ DEAE5 G>g>c> K&" '7K =K= &'#/& 'm& ;"K&' f =K= Qw&' ;"K= &"<# `t tr"ng nhOng v#n !; $Qn khi $ai tL" ging c chua khng !egomovirus $ kh nng khng cHa cc a$[n khc nhau tr"ng cc khu v,c c mst cc !egomovirus khc nhau5 X#n !; ny !8 !-/c !i;u tra vQi mt s 1Sng p nhi;u !4a !im th0 nghi%m5 eSng ging TBD ~mang g[n "y#$ vQi tnh khng c ngu>n gc t. S. chilense \_Atrt, !-/c *ht trin p ^sra[$+ khng v.a *hi vQi T\YX5 Whi !nh gi p Uuat[ma$a+ n9i c cc 'egomovirus g[n"m[ k* vQi * $,c virus r#t ca" thJ 1Sng ny $Li m:n cm5 Whi !nh gi tr"ng tm !4a !im p ng @am v tLi |$"ri1a+ `+ TBD m:n cm p 3y !4a !im+ khng v.a p mt !4a !im ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 i vQi 1Sng ?Do mang g[n "y#2 T"\YX t. S. ha!rochaites . gla!ratum+ cc th0 nghi%m ch" th#y n khng !-/c tLi nm !4a !im v m:n cm h"sc khng nh p 3n !4a !im khc ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5
Av

Tr"ng s chn ngu>n g[n !-/c th0 nghi%m tLi _XzeY+ ch< c S. chilense \_AtqD khng !-/c tLi t#t c tm !4a !im p ng @am ~Ur[[n v Vhanmugasun1aram+ DEEv5 \_AtqD cNng khng !-/c tLi cc !4a !im kh" st p |$"ri1a+ ` ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 _cc[ssi"n ny mang c q g[n khng "y#$, "y#% v "y#&. Tr"ng !+ "y#% 'uy&t !4nh kh"ng rE 3i&n 14 kiu hJnh khng+ !i;u ny ch)ng tR "y#% $ g[n ch4u trch nhi%m chnh !i vQi tnh khng T\YX ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 Yc !nh gi ngu>n g[n p fanga$"r[+ n v z[h"v"t+ ^sra[$ n9i c cc !egomovirus t-9ng )ng $ T"\YX v T\YX ch" th#y 1Sng ging ^h tED vQi tnh khng c ngu>n gc t. S. ha!rochaites khng !-/c p c hai !4a !im5 Tr"ng khi !+ S. pimpinelli olium \_ADA khng v.a *hi p n nh-ng m:n cm p ^sra[$5 Yc 1Sng ging c ngu>n gc t. ^htED v |$aBtB ~mang g[n "y#% vQi tnh khng 3Gt ngu>n t. S. chilense \_Dvvt cNng !-/c !nh gi $ khng p Uuat[ma$a+ n9i *ht tn cHa t nh#t v $"i !egomovirus khc nhau ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 @hOng 1Sng ging khng ca" vQi T\YX t. trung tIm X"$cani+ ^sra[$+ nh- TAvD v TAtv c g[n khng 3Gt ngu>n t. S. peruvianum+ cNng khng ca" p Uuat[ma$a ~i v cng s,+ DEEva5 @h- vy+ tLi cc !4a !im khc nhau+ n9i c s, *hIn 3 khc nhau cHa cc $"i !egomovirus v c cc !i;u ki%n kh hu khc nhau thJ kh nng khng cHa cc 1Sng ging khng $ khc nhau5 @hOng nghi(n c)u tr(n g/i r{ng g[n "y#$ v "y#2 ch< tL" !-/c tnh khng v.a v ch4u !-/c mt s chHng virus5 Tr"ng khi g[n "y#% t. S. chilense !8 tL" n(n tnh khng ca" p nhi;u n9i+ tr"ng ! c ng @am 5 T#t nhi(n hi%u 'u khng s ca" h9n v 3;n vOng h9n khi 'uy t2 !-/c nhi;u g[n khng khc nhau v" cZng mt n;n 1i truy;n chung+ nh-ng vi%c $ai v 'uy t2 nhi;u g[n khng $ mt cng vi%c r#t kh khn5 ng 12ng mark[r *hIn t0 s gi6* *ht hi%n cc g[n khng v chn $c cc cIy khng tr"ng cc *h* $ai trp $(n 1u 1ng h9n5 Yh" !&n nay ch< c g[n "y#$, "y#2 v "y#% $ !8 c mark[r 1,a tr(n TYz !-/c s0 12ng *h 3i&n ~T[na v cng s, DEAE5 e" !+ nhOng nghi(n c)u 3an !Ku vQi m2c !ch chn tL" ging c chua khng virus "n vng $ ch" mi;n 3Gc Xi%t @am n(n 3Gt !Ku t. cc g[n ny+ tr"ng ! "y#% $ g[n n(n !-/c -u ti(n nh#t5
AC

G>u> N'"7%& =i# QS =K= 9,&' )F+ b7[& l7%& x#<& )[& 3A ="U& =\< x#E =( ="#< G>u>I> y+"$lm&m Q( =a ="[ ="U& =\< x#E xthy$[n[ $ mt *hyt"h"rm"n 'uan trng tr"ng cIy+ !i;u ch<nh nhi;u 'u trJnh sinh tr-png v *ht trin cHa cIy5 xthy$[n[ !-/c tng h/* tr"ng t#t c cc t& 3" v cc m nh-ng nhi;u nh#t $ cc m gi+ !sc 3i%t $ tr"ng 'u !ang chn+ !-/c vn chuyn 3{ng *h-9ng th)c khuy&ch tn5 Whi 'u 3Gt !Ku chn+ s, tng h/* [thy$[n[ tr"ng 'u tng $(n r#t nhanh+ !Lt c,c !Li $6c 'u chn h"n t"n sau ! gim !i nhanh chng5 V, c mst cHa [thy$[n[ $m 3i&n !i tnh th#m cHa mng 1:n !&n s, gii *hng cc [nym[ gIy n(n nhOng 3i&n !i sinh ha c $i(n 'uan !&n 'u trJnh chn ~cc [nym[ 3i&n !i h h#*+ 3i&n !i ! chua+ ! m;m555 !>ng thPi kch thch hJnh thnh cc [nym[ mQi tr"ng 'u trJnh h h#* 3t *ht v gIy n(n nhOng 3i&n !i sinh ha gGn $i;n vQi s, chn5 lua !+ [thy$[n[ $m tng h"Lt tnh cHa cc [nym $i(n 'uan !&n s, chn cHa 'u5 Th[" farry v cng s, ~DEEB+ s9 !> c"n !-Png sinh tng h/* [thy$[n[ g>m D 3-Qc chnh tng h/* V_` v " y ha _YY5 @guy(n $i%u !Ku ti(n $ aci1 amin m[thi"nin[+ m[thi"nin[ !-/c h"Lt ha 3{ng _TT ! hJnh thnh n(n V_` ~Vw a1[n"sy$ [thi"nin[5 Vau ! t. V_` tL" ra [thy$[n[+ aci1 "mic v YaD5 CK= +"T +"^ +7[n &"`& m+"$lm&m ry+"$lm&m Rm=mn+*.s @ghi(n c)u tr(n _ra3i1"*sis ng-Pi ta !8 *ht hi%n v nhIn 1Sng !-/c B g[n m8 ha ch" cc r[c[*t"r $i(n 'uan !&n vi%c cm )ng sinh ra [thy$[n[ tr"ng 'u trJnh chn g>m YTzA ~c"nstitutiv[wtri*[wr[s*"n[ ~Wi[3[r v cng s+ Attq+ x^@D ~[thy$[n[w ins[nsitiv[ ~_$"ns" v cng s+ Attt+ x^@q ~Yha" v cng s+ Attv+ xz|A ~[thy$[n[wr[s*"ns[wact"r ~V"$an" v cng s+ AttC v xTzA ~Yhang v cng s+Attq m8 ha ch" cc $"Li r[c[t"r c t(n t-9ng )ng5 @ghi(n c)u g[n YTzA ~c"nstitutiv[wtri*[w[s*"n[ ch" th#y g[n ny m8 ha ch" Winas[+ c s, t-9ng !>ng ca" vQi gia !Jnh za cHa s[rin[}thr["nin[ kinas[ ~`_TWWW ~Wi[3[r v cng s+ Attq Ar5 U[n YTzA cNng !8 !-/c *hIn $* p c chua ch" th#y c s, t-9ng !>ng vi p _ra3i1"*sis ~"n[s+ Attt [g"uti v cng s+ Attt \[c$[rc' v cng s+ DEED _1amswThi$$i*s v cng s+ DEEo5 Vn *hym cHa YTzA h"Lt !ng *ha sau xTzA+ xTzD+ xzVA+ xzVD v x^@o tr"ng !-Png h-Qng vn
At

chuy%n tn hi%u v cm )ng vQi [thy$[n[+ c $i(n 'uan tQi g[n[s x^@D+ x^@q+ xz|A ~Ui"vann"ni+ DEEo Vt[*an"va Th[" f$[[ck[r _$"ns"+ DEEB

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