HISTORY OF INTEGRATION O er !""" #e$rs $%o& Archimedes '!()*!+! ,-& Greece.

/o0nd /orm0l$s /or the s0r/$ce $re$s $nd ol0mes o/ solids s0ch $s the sphere& the cone& $nd the p$r$boloid1 His method o/ inte%r$tion w$s rem$r2$bl# modern considerin% th$t he did not h$ e $l%ebr$& the /0nction concept& or e en the decim$l represent$tion o/ n0mbers1 3oh$nnes Kepler '+4)+*+56"& Germ$n#. de eloped methods to c$lc0l$te s0r/$ce $re$s $nd ol0mes o/ solids1

Archimedes

Kepler

Gott/ried Leibniz '+575*+)+5&Germ$n#. $nd Is$$c Newton '+57!*+)!)& En%l$nd. independentl# disco ered c$lc0l0s1 Their 2e# ide$ w$s th$t di//erenti$tion $nd inte%r$tion 0ndo e$ch other1 8sin% this s#mbolic connection& the# were $ble to sol e $n enormo0s n0mber o/ import$nt problems in m$them$tics& ph#sics& $nd $stronom#1 3oseph Fo0rier '+)5(*+(6"& Fr$nce. st0died he$t cond0ction with $ series o/ tri%onometric terms to represent /0nctions1 Fo0rier series $nd inte%r$l tr$ns/orms h$ e $pplic$tions tod$# in /ields $s /$r $p$rt $s medicine& lin%0istics& $nd m0sic1 A0%0stin*Lo0is -$0ch# '+)(9*+(4)& Fr$nce. st$rted the pro:ect o/ /orm0l$tin% $nd pro idin% in the theorem o/ in/initesim$l c$lc0l0s in $ ri%oro0s m$nner1 He $lso too2 inte%r$ls to the comple; dom$in1 ,ernh$rd Riem$nn '+(!5*+(55& Germ$n#. /o0nd the /irst ri%oro0s de/inition o/ the inte%r$l o/ $ /0nction on $n inter $l1 Inte%r$ls b$sed on his de/inition is 2nown $s the Riem$nn inte%r$l1 Thom$s 3o$nnes Stielt:es '+(45*+(97& Netherl$nds. %ener$lized the Riem$nn inte%r$l1 This is o/ten c$lled the Stielt:es inte%r$l1

Leibniz

Newton

Henri Lebes%0e '+()4*+97+& Fr$nce. in ented $ new method o/ inte%r$tion to sol e problems in which Riem$nn inte%r$ls do not e;ist1 This is c$lled the Lebes%0e inte%r$l which is $ %ener$liz$tion o/ the Riem$nn inte%r$l1

Fo0rier

Riem$nn -$0ch#

Stielt:es

Lebes%0e