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.

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.
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.

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.
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)

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.
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.
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.

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2
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1
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1359

1360

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1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

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1369

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14

15

16

17

18

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20

21

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24

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76
73
70
67
64
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34
31
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11

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15

13

19

14

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15

16

17

18

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19

10
20

21

22

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23

24

25

26

27

28

29

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9
30
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1371
17
16
15
14
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11
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9
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11

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13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

1
25

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26

27

28

29

30

30
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12

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1371
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
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30
18
5
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

30
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1371
13
12
11
10

()

9
8
7
6

11

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10

11

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15

16

17

18

19

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21

22

23

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24

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26

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28

29

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30

30
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13

1371

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0 0

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2 0

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30

29

27

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20

18

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11

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28

26

24

23

21

19

17

16

14

12

10

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7

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5

37

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157

162
156
150
144
138
132
126
120
114
108
102
96
90
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78
72
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29

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18

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. 1371 -1367 89/5 38/0
0 )( 1371
)(%40 )(%7/2 ) (%27 ) (%15 ) (%5/9 ) (%8/5
)MRT 1994)0 10 1375 -1369 .

10

1375
1374
1373 1372
1371 1370 1369

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26

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.

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) (Berth occupancy ) (Berth throughput
.
-9.2.2.1 ) : (Berth occupancy
) .(11
.
%1 %100 .
/ .
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. ) (%
) .(Sinclare 1979 pp. 16-21
.
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(%100 .


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. ) + (-
) (+
) (-.
) (Functional
) : (1375

: ) Y = f (X1 , X2 , X3
+
-

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( = X1
= X2
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= X3

) : /

) 100 (2

%Y = X1 X2 x X3 x

11 )(
1375 - 1370

15

19
15
7
2
5
4
52

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2550
795
300
645
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0
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9

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12 ) (Service time % 77

1371

1370

1373

1372

)(%

)(%

)(%

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4830

40

4716

8/38

6327

5/52

5938

2/49

1508
525
913

52
6/35
52

699
635
944

5/19
4/31
2/52

499
1460
2

34
2/49

540
13472

5/37
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478
8
450
3
364
297
104
9
470
114
71

1374

6/38

3107

2/25

5/37

5717

1/47

5/12
3/20
1/57

451
303
1179

4/15
8/20
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41

561
1131
8

5/37
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1375

10

11

12

)(%

)(%

4158
5202
290
283
912
416
1191
7

5/33
43
8/9
4/19
2/64
5/37
7/41

4516
5/9444
1662
336
1849
2194
2/1067
3

5/36
7/79
56
9/22
102
3/150
8/37

: . 13711373

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(UNCTAD (1973, p. 49 "
) (
" . .
) (

16

 ) .(2 1373 -1370 88

14399 .

)= Berth throughput) Y
= X1
= X2
= X3

=Y
) ( 2
11 13 .


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1

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13 ) ( )/( 1370
13731373
1372
1371
1370




/
/

8983
9735

40
8/57

8924
11275

8/39
67

10047
13453

8/44
80

9589
14158

7/42
1/84

2017

317

1967

3/309

1783

3/280

1708

6/268

1021

4/425

1262

8/525

818

8/340

882

5/367

1193

9/369

1068

2/331

1078

3/334

1352

2/419

1669

2/632

601

7/227

396

150

884

9/334

4/19

25097

8/19

27575

8/21

28573

6/22

2461
8
: . 13711373

-9.2.3


.
.
) (Productivity
.(Tongzon 1995) .


. .

) (Landbridges .
((Gangs
.

.
14 . .
) (TEU
) .(14
8 15 5
47/9 )
.(Bavarsad 1997

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17


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( .
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14 .
)( )

(1372
3
2
1

Iranian Sea Landbridges

Trans-Siberian
)Landbridge (TSR

Canadian Landbridges

Turkish Landbridges

5

Chinese Landbridges

United States of Americas

Landbridges
7
:
.

Equivalent Unit

Vostochney
) (1990
Nakhodka

TEU /

20
)(TEU
8268
82920
91188

50237
758278
56078

(15) 3/11
(8) 6/113
-

185000

2000000

(6) 7/126

St. Peters burg

Halifax
Toronto
Vancouver

Mersin
Izmir

) 73620
(1992
258620

825890

(11) 2/57

3690483

300933
12922
434004
747859

2518603
158941
3458242
6135786

(7) 8/117
(14) 7/17
(3) 6/148
-

84456
212949
297405

1211069
1438163
2649232

(12) 3/46
(2) 7/291
-

25000

52638

(13) 3/34

Lianyungang
Shanghai

/ New
York/New Jersey
Houston

Seattle

900256
925256

6524300
6576938

(1) 6/616
-

1972692

(4) 1/135

541497
119324
1151000
3784513

4617231
2904000
8445000
15966231

(5) 9/134
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35074748

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.
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18495
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24830
40817
479

) (Sachish 1996, p. 355 . 16

1372 -1367
.


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16

1
2
3
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(
) (

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13968

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19816

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6598

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6837

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.

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:
. . . . . ) " (1375 " :
.
) " (1363 " 1363
SACHISH, A. (1996) Productivity functions as a managerial tool in Israeli ports, Maritime Policy and Management, Vol.
23. No. 4. pp. 341-369.
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TD/B/C.4/109 AND Add.1, New York.

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