th cho Windows 9x v Windows NT/2000 - cc ban cn bit cc kinh nghim sau ci t v s dng WindowsXP thun tin hon. Ci t: WindowsXP c 2 phin ban khc nhau cho my c nhn v mang nho l Windows XP Home Edition v Windows XP Professional, ca 2 ban c cch ci t ging nhau. Chng ti vit bi ny da trn ban Windows XP Professional. Yu cu h thng - CPU: Ti thiu l Pentium 233 MHz. Nn c Pentium II tro ln - B nh RAM: Ti thiu 64 MB, nn c 128 MB - Dung luong a cng: 1.5 GB, ti thiu khi nng cp t Windows ME l 900Mb. - C th ci mi (clean install) khi ci t du nhc Dos hay nng cp t Win9x/ME/NT/2000 khi ci trong Windows c. - C th ci song song WindowsXP chung vi h iu hnh khc v khi khoi ng c th chon la gia cc h iu hnh. Kim tra s tuong thch phn cng v phn mm Ban nn tin hnh vic kim tra my ban c tuong thch vi WindowsXP hay khng bng cch chay Setup trn a CD WindowsXP ri chon mc Check system compatibility. Trnh Setup s kim tra v lit k cc thit bi phn cng v phn mm ang c khng tuong thch vi WindowsXP. Ban nn tho go cc thnh phn ny ri mi tin hnh ci t trnh trung hop WindowsXP ci t xong nhung khng chay uoc phai ci lai rt mt thi gian (thi gian ci trn my Pentium III 500Mhz khoang 45 pht). Ci t Ban c th chp ton b ni dung a CD XP vo a cng ri ci t t a cng. Cch ci cng ging nhu CD, tuy nhin thi gian ci c th lu hon v trnh ci t s thc hin thm 1 buc sao chp file so vi ci t CD. * Ci mi: - Khoi ng bng a CD WindowsXP chay t ng chuong trnh Setup Wizard. - Khoi ng bng a mm hay a cng Dos, chuyn vo thu mc I386 trn CD WindowsXP ri chay file "Winnt.exe". - Ci WindowsXP trong Win c nhung chon mc New Installation. Ch : Nu ban ci vo thu mc Windows c, trnh Setup s xo ton b Windows c truc khi ci. Ban c th ci song song nhiu ban WindowsXP khc nhau trn cng 1 Partition - uong nhin tn thu mc phai khc nhau. Nu mun chay song song WindowsXP v Windows 9x, ban nn dng FAT16 hay FAT32 cho a cng, ng chuyn qua NTFS (khng tuong thch vi Win9x). * Nng cp: - Khoi ng my vo Windows, chay file Setup trong thu mc gc hay file Winnt32.exe trong thu mc I386 cua CD WindowsXP v chon mc Upgrade. Khi nng cp trnh Setup lun lun tin hnh vic kim tra h thng cua ban c tuong thch vi WindowsXP hay khng. * iu khin vic ci t (Unattended Setup Mode) Bng cch s dng cc file text uoc vit theo cc quy inh cht ch cua WindowsXP, ban c th iu khin vic ci t theo nhu cu ring nhu: T ng in Cdkey; xc lp thng tin v ngui s dng, my tnh, mang, mn hnh; la chon v tinh chinh cc thnh phn ci t... Cc file iu khin ny gip ban c th ci t t ng WindowsXP vo hng loat my m khng cn phai c ngui theo doi p ng cc yu cu cua chuong trnh Setup. Nu ban thch tm hiu v ni dung cc file iu khin ci t v cch tao nhng file ny, hy giai nn file "Deploy.cab" trong thu mc Support/Tools trong a CD WindowsXP v xem ky cc file hung dn c ui chm. Khoi ng: - Bm F8 lm xut hin menu la chon nu mun khoi ng o ch Safe Mode. - Nu khng mun go Password mi khi chay WindowsXP, ban ng tao password cho Admin khi ci t. Sau ny ban xc lp password (khi cn) cng uoc. - Nu ban ci WindowsXP trn cng v sau mun b sung thm phn khoi ng cua DOS vo cng th lm nhu sau: a/ Thm dng C:\"DOS" vo file Boot.ini, th d: boot loader timeout2 defaultmulti(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\ WINDOWS operating systems multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS "Microsoft WindowsXP" /fastdetect C:\"DOS" b/ Chp cc file h thng cua DOS vo thu mc gc cng khoi ng: Io.sys, Msdos.sys, Command.com, Config.sys, Autoexec.bat Tao a mm khoi ng DOS tao a mm khoi ng Dos, ban mo My Computer, bm phm phai chut vi biu tuong a mm ri chon linh Format. Trong hp thoai Format nh du chon mc Create an MS- DOS startup disk. Ch : a mm khoi ng ny ging a mm khoi ng cua Windows ME. Cp nht Driver Nu c phn cng no WindowsXP khng nhn bit, cc ban cn tm driver mi nht vit cho Windows 2000, vo Control Panel/System/Hardware/Device Manager, bm phm phai chut vo thit bi ang bo li ri chon linh Update driver. Trong trung hop ban cn phc hi lai driver ci truc , ban bm phai chut vo thit bi, chon Properties/Driver ri bm nt Roll Back Driver. uan l account - quan l account cua ngui s dng nhu: thay i tn; tao, sa, go bo password, thay i biu tuong, phn quyn s dng...Ban vo Control Panel/User Accounts. Program Compatibility i vi nhng chuong trnh vit truc y nhu tr choi, ng dng... i hoi phai c mi trung chay nht inh, WindowsXP cho php ban tinh chinh mi trung hoat ng ph hop vi cc chuong trnh nhu sau. Bm phm phai chut ln biu tuong chuong trnh ri chon linh Properties. Trong bang Compatibility ban c cc chon la: - Run this program in compatibility...: Gia lp h iu hnh cho ph hop vi chuong trnh. - Run in 256 color: Chay chuong trnh vi mn hnh c su mu l 256 mu. - Run in 640x480 screen resolution: Chay chuong trnh vi phn giai mn hnh l 640x480. - Disble visual themes: hiu ho tnh nng isual themes cua WindowsXP khi chay chuong trnh. Ngoi ra WindowsXP cn cung cp tin ch Program Compatibility Wizard (trong Start/All Programs/Accessories) hung dn ban xc lp mi trung v th ngim xem cc xc lp ph hop chua. Tng tc h thng Theo kinh nghim khi chay th WindowsXP RC2, chng ti xin trnh by 1 s thu thut tinh chinh vi thnh phn trong Windows nhm lm cho Windows chay nhanh hon. a/ System Properties - System Properties/ Advanced/Performance Settings: Nu my ban c nhiu RAM, ban c th chi inh mc Memory usage l System cache Windows dnh RAM nhiu hon lm cache cho ton h thng gip my chay nhanh hon. Chi inh irtual memory l System managed size Windows t chon kch thuc b nh ao trn a cng tu theo nhu cu. - System Properties/ Startup v Recovery: Ban c th sa i ni dung file Boot.ini trong phn System startup. Ban chi inh h iu hnh mc inh trong mc Default operating system, chi inh thi gian hin thi menu khoi ng ch ngui s dng chon la trong mc Time to display list... - System Properties/ System Restore: Nu ban l ngui c kinh nghim y mnh trong vic khut phc Windows, ban c th v hiu ha phn theo doi a cng ( phc hi h thng khi c trc trc) bng cch chon mc Turn off System Restore on all drives WindowsXP chay nhanh hon na. - System Properties/ Automatic Update: ic bo chon 2 mc: Download the update auto..., Notify me before downloading...v chon mc Turn off automatic update...s gip Windows chay nhanh hon v khng phai thung xuyn kim tra vic nng cp phn mm t ng t Internet. - System Properties/ Remote: Nu ban chay WindowsXP th nghim trn my on, ban nn bo chon cc mc trong bang ny Windows khoi phai chay thung tr cc dich v mang khng cn thit (lm chm tc ). b/ Windows Messenger y l 1 dich v thung tr cua WindowsXP dnh cho vic kt ni Internet. Ban c th v hiu ho n bng cch mo Start/All Programs/Windows messenger. Trong ln chay u tin ban s thy hp thoai cho mng, ban bm nt Cancel ng hp thoai ny. Trong ln chay sau ban mo menu Tools/Options/Preferences, xo du chon 2 mc Run this program when Windows starts v Allow this program to run in the background. c/ Go bo cc thnh phn khng cn thit Cc ban c th vo Add/Remove Programs- Add/Remove Windows Components go bo cc thnh phn nhu Fax Services, Internet Explorer, Internet Information Services, MSN Explorer... nu khng s dng mang. Ting it Unicode * s dng ting it Unicode trong WindowsXP, ban tin hnh cc buc sau: a/ Mo Control Panel/Regional and anguage Options/anguages, nh du chon mc Install files for complex script and right-to-left languages ci t phn h tro ting it Unicode. b/ Mo Control Panel/Regional and anguage Options/Regional Options, chon ietnamese trong phn Standards and formats hin thi s thp phn, on vi o lung, thi gian, ngy thng, tin t theo ting it. Chon ietnam trong phn ocation. c/ Mo Control Panel/Regional and anguage Options/Advanced, chon ietnamese trong phn anguage for non-Unicode programs. nh du chon mc Apply all settings to the current user account... d/ Nu cc ban mun s dng trnh iu khin bn phm go ting it cua WindowsXP, hy mo Control Panel/Regional and anguage Options/anguages, bm nt Detail trong phn Text Services and Input languages. Trong bang Settings bm nt Add v chon ietnamese. * Sau khi ci t bn phm, ban c th thay i cc xc lp v bn phm trong bang Settings nhu: - Chi inh bn phm Anh hay it l mc inh mi khi chay Windows (Default input language). - Chi inh phm tt chuyn i bn phm (Key Setttings). * WindowsXP chi c 1 cch go ting it nhu sau (Gi phm Shift khi nh ch Hoa): e/ Ban c th dng cc trnh iu khin bn phm khc go ting it (ietkey, ietspell, GSBK...) theo kiu quen thuc cua ban, khi ban phai go bo trnh iu khin bn phm ting it cua Windows. Ch : WindowsXP cung cp sn mt s t font ting it Unicode vi cc kiu thng dng nhu Times New Roman, Arial, erdana, Tahoma...cc ban c th tm thy hon 150 font khc trong Website H ( www.hcmc.netnam.vn/weblh/ ). Ban c th s dng ting it trong tt ca cc ng dng cua Windows nhu: Notepad, Wordpad, Paint v trong cc hp nhp liu, c th t tn a, file, thu mc, biu tuong bng ting it. Tuy nhin nu cc ban cn ni mang hay cn trao i d liu th hy cn thn khi t tn ting it v cc my khc c th khng nhn bit uoc. Nu dng Notepad soan thao vi ting it Unicode, khi Save cc ban cn chon kiu Encoding l Unicode hay UTF-8. uan l h thng a/ Computer Management Ban c th quan l h thng thng qua thnh phn Control Panel/ Administrative Tools/Computer Management. - System Tools: uan l, theo doi, thng tin v cc hoat ng cua h thng v ngui s dng. Ban c th thay i xc lp account trong phn ocal Users and Groups. - Storage: Ban c th xem thng tin, tao, xo, format, i tn, i k t (ung dn) a...trong phn Disk Management hay dn a chng phn manh bng Disk Defragmenter. - Services and Applications: uan l tt ca cc dich v (chuong trnh) thung tr trong Windows. Ban c th cho chay, ngng tam thi, v hiu ho...bng cch bm phm phai chut vo tn dich v ri chon linh tuong ng trong menu shortcut. b/ System Configuration Utility Cc ban c th s dng tin ch ny sa i cc file h thng v Registry cua WindowsXP tuong t nhu i vi Windows 9x. Mo Start/Run go linh Msconfig Trong ca s chuong trnh, ban ch cc chc nng quan trong sau: - Bang General/Expand File: Cho php ban trch xut file bt k trong b ci t gc cua WindowsXP phc hi, thay th file bi hu hay bi xo. Ban go tn file cn trch xut vo File to Restore, chi inh ia chi luu tr b ci t vo Restore from, ia chi luu file trch xut vo Save file in. - Bang Services: Ban c th cho hiu lc hay v hiu cc dich v cua WindowsXP. Khi ban nh du chon mc Hide All Microsoft Services, trong ban lit k s cho n cc dich v cua Microsoft (chi hin thi dich v cua cc hng khc). - Bang Boot.ini: Cho php sa i v tinh chinh cc xc lp trong file khoi ng cua WindowsXP. - Bang Startup: Ban c th cho hiu lc hay v hiu cc trnh thung tr trong WindowsXP. S dng Ghi a CDR/RW Nu my ban c trang bi a CDR/RW, WindowsXP c kha nng ghi d liu vo a CDR hay CDRW m khng cn bt k chuong trnh h tro no khc. Ch : ua th nghim chng ti nhn thy WindowsXP trang bi chuong trnh ghi a CDR rt gon mua lai cua hng Roxio (hng vit chuong trnh EasyCD Creator rt thng dng), chuong trnh ny ghi a CDR/RW theo kiu Multi Session, do ban khng th xo file ghi thu hi dung luong m chi c th thay th file v ghi tip tc vo khng gian a cn lai. Ring vi a CDRW chuong trnh s c thm chc nng xo ton b a. ghi a CDR/RW, ban chon file/thu mc, bm phm phai chut vo chng ri chon linh Send to/CD Drive. Windows s copy tam thi cc d liu cn ghi vo 1 thu mc tam trn a cng (ung dn cua thu mc ny theo mc inh l C:\Documents and Settings\Tn ngui login\ocal Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\ CD Burning\tn file v thu mc...). ng thi trong khay ng h s xut hin icon ban mo ca s ghi a. Ch : Ban c th iu chinh cc xc lp mc nhin cho vic ghi a bng cch mo Properties/Recording cua CDR trong My Computer hay Windows Explorer. Trong bang Recording ban c cc chi inh: - Cho php ghi a bng cch ko v tha d liu vo biu tuong a CDR (Enable CD Recording on this drive). - Chon a luu d liu tam thi ch ghi ln a CDR (Select a drive...). - Chon tc mc inh khi ghi a (Select a write speed...). - T ng y a ra sau khi ghi hon tt (Automatically eect the CD...). Ca s ghi a hin thi ton b ni dung cua a CD, bao gm d liu c v d liu ch ghi (c biu tuong mi tn ging nhu 1 shortcut) trong thu mc tam ban c th duyt lai ln cht. - Nu ban s dng a CDRW, ban c th xo tt ca d liu ang c trong a truc khi ghi bng cch chon linh Erase this CD-RW. - Nu khng cn ghi a na, ban chon linh Delete temporary files xo thu mc tam thi. - thc s ghi d liu trong thu mc tam ln a, ban chon linh Write these files to CD. Ban s uoc yu cu t tn mi cho a hay gi nguyn tn c. Files and Settings Transfer Wizard Tin ch ny i km WindowsXP v cn uoc cung cp dui dang chuong trnh c lp trn a CD WindowsXP (Support/Fastwiz.exe), chuyn dng sao y cc xc lp cua Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, Desktop, Display, Dialup Connections...t my tnh ny qua my tnh khc. Ban c th chuyn cc xc lp ny qua a mm, a cng, mang hay cp ni. Chay chuong trnh: Start/All Programs/Accessories/System Tools/Files and Settings Transfer Wizard. * Buc 1: Trong hp thoai Which computer is this ban chon: - New computer: Khi my tnh l my tip nhn. - Old computer: Khi my tnh l my ngun (cn sao luu xc lp). Ch : Chuong trnh c th chay trong Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP. * Buc 2a: Nu ban chon Old computer, chuong trnh s yu cu ban chi inh phuong tin chuyn tin, ban c th chon l: - Cp ni qua cng COM (Direct cable). - a mm (Floppy drive). - a cng ni b, mang, CDR hay thit bi tho lp khc (Other). Chuong trnh s tao thu mc Usmt2.unc luu file mu. * Buc 3: Chi inh cc thnh phn cn sao luu. - Settings only: Chi sao luu cc xc lp cua: Accessibility, Command Prompt, Display, Internet Explorer, Messenger, Netmeeting, Microsoft Office, Mouse, Keyboard, MSN Explorer, Outlook Express, Regional, Sound, Taskbar, Windows Media play, Movie Maker... - File only: Chi sao luu cc file trong thu mc: Desktop, Font, My Documents, My Pictures, Shared Desktop, Shared Documents v cc xc lp lin kt ng dng vi kiu file. - Both files and settings: Sao luu ca 2 loai trn. - et me select a custom list...: Cho php ban chon la v b sung thm vo danh sch sao luu. Khi ban cho hiu lc mc ny ban s uoc chuyn qua hp thoai Custom, ban c th iu chinh danh sch nhu: xo hay thm xc lp, file, thu mc, lin kt file... Ch : Khi chon sao chp File ban phai chi inh ia chi luu tr l a, khi chon thu mc, chuong trnh s khng th tao uoc file kt qua (file mu). * Buc 4: Khi ban bm Next chuong trnh s tin hnh sao chp v luu file mu tao ra vo ia chi ban chi inh. * Buc 2b: Nu ban chon New computer, trong hp thoai th 2 ban chon mc I dont need the Wizard Disk tip tc (ban chi chon wizard disk khi ban chua tao file mu t my ngun). * Buc 3b: Chi inh ia chi luu file mu. * Buc 4b: Khi ban bm Next chuong trnh s tin hnh sao chp t file mu my ch ging nhu my ngun. iu chinh Menu Start sa i menu Start ph hop vi thch v thi quen cua mnh, ban bm phm phai chut ln nt Start v chon linh Properties trong menu shortcut. * Bang Taskbar: - ock the Taskbar: Khng cho thay i vi tr v kch thuc thanh Taskbar. - Auto-hide the taskbar: Thanh Taskbar s khng hin thi cho n khi no ban di chuyn chut vo ng vi tr cua thanh Taskbar (vi tr mc inh l canh dui mn hnh Desktop). - Keep the taskbar on top of other windows: Thanh taskbar khi hin thi lun lun nm trn cc ca s ng dng. - Group similar taskbar buttons: Gom biu tuong cc ca s cua cng 1 ng dng lai thnh 1 biu tuong nhm duy nht trong thanh taskbar o chon ch. Ban bm phm tri chut vo biu tuong chon mo cc ca s trong nhm, bm phm phai chut ng tt ca ca s trong nhm (close group). - Show uick aunch: Hin thi thanh mo nhanh chuong trnh. Ban chi cn bm phm tri chut vo biu tuong l chay chuong trnh thay v phai bm kp i vi biu tuong trn Desktop. - Hide Inactive icons: Du bt biu tuong khng cn thit trong khay ng h. Bm nt Customize mo hp thoai cho php ban chi inh: Hide when inactive (n khi khng hoat ng), Always hide (lun lun n), Always show (lun lun hin). hin tt ca biu tuong, ban bm chut vo mi tn kp cua khay ng h. * Bang Start Menu Start Menu cua WindowsXP khc bit nhiu so vi Windows9x/2000 nn c th lm nhiu ngui lng tng khi s dng. Nu ban thch giao din Start Menu theo kiu Windows 9x, ban hy chon Classic Start menu. Ban chon Start menu nu thch giao din cua WindowsXP v bm nt Customizer nu mun bo bt cc biu tuong mc inh cua Windows hay thay i kch thuc biu tuong Start menu gon gng hon. Start menu dnh ring 1 khng gian ln lit k cc chuong trnh ban thung dng nht gip ban c th quay tro lai vi chng nhanh hon trong phin lm vic sau. i bang Customizer/General, ban c th xo bo danh sch ny bng nt Clear ist v chi inh s luong gii han luu gi trong danh sch (chuong trnh mi nht s thay th chuong trnh c nht). Display Properties * Bang Desktop - WindowsXP cho php ban s dng nhiu dang thc file hnh anh lm hnh nn Desktop (Background), theo mc inh cc file bmp uoc luu trong thu mc Windows, file pg, Gif...uoc luu trong thu mc Windows/Web/Wallpaper. - Nt Customize Desktop: Cho php ban bo bt cc biu tuong mc inh trn Desktop, thay i biu tuong (Change Icon). c bit, chc nng Desktop cleanup s t ng xo bo cc biu tuong chuong trnh ban khng s dng qu 60 ngy mt cch t ng (Run Desktop Cleanup Wizard every 60 days) hay khi ban yu cu (Clean Desktop Now) nhm lm gon mn hnh Desktop cua ban. Nu ban mun "kho cht" vi tr cua cc trang web trang tr trn mn hnh desktop, ban chon mc ock desktop items trong bang Web. * Bang Screen Saver/Power Trong bang Screen Saver/Power cc ban nn ch phn Hibernate: y l 1 chc nng c bit gip ban c th luu lai ton b trang thi hin hnh cua Windows (k ca cc thng tin ang nm trong b nh Ram) ngay tai thi im tt my, khi khoi ng lai Windows s ti lp tnh trang c tht nhanh chng. Nu chc nng ny uoc cho hiu lc, trong hp thoai Shutdown s c thm la chon Hibernate. i vi nhng my s dng b ngun ATX, ban nn chon mc Enable Advanced Power Management support Windows t ng tt my khi shutdown. Kt ni Internet Xc lp Modem o Control Panel/Phone and Modem Options xc lp thng s hoat ng cho modem. - Bang Dialing Rules: Khai bo tn ngui s dng, uc gia, m vng, v cc c im cua h thng in thoai ang s dng. - Bang Modem/Properties: Xc lp thng s cho Modem nhu: olume, tc ti a cua Port, Test Modem, cp nht driver, thay i Adress, IRBan c th ci t hay tho go Modem t trong bang ny. - Bang Advanced: Ci t, cu hnh hay tho go cc dich v cua Windows. Tao mi kt ni o Control Panel/Network Connection/Create a new connection. Trong Wizard chon ln luot nhu sau: Connect to the Internet -- Set up my connection manually -- Connet using a dial- up modem -- Go tn nh cung cp dich v Internet (ISP) -- Go s in thoai truy cp mang -- Go tn v mt khu cua ngui s dng -- Chm dt. Ch : Trong buc Internet Acount Information (khai bo tn, mt khu) ban c th cho hiu lc hay khng cc chc nng: - Use this account name and password when anyone connect(cho php ngui khc s dng account ny vo Internet) nu ban mun chia s account cua mnh cho ngui khc khi ho ogin vo Windows. - Make this the default Internet connection (chon mi kt ni ny l mc inh mi khi vo Internet). - Turn on Internet connection Firewall for this connection (cho hiu lc "bc tung la i vi mi kt ni ny). Sau khi tao mi kt ni xong, ban c th thay i cc xc lp bng cch bm phm phai chut ln biu tuong kt ni ri chon linh Properties trong menu shortcut. Trong hp thoai Properties ban cn ch : - Bang Networking: Nn go bo cc cc dich v khng cn thit, th d: ban chi cn lai mc Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) nu my ban chi kt ni Internet bnh thung. - Bang Advanced: Nn nh du chon mc Internet connection Firewall ngn chn moi s truy nhp tri php t Internet vo my ban. Nu ban mun cho ngui khc truy cp mt vi dich v (nu c) trn my ban th bm nt Settings v nh du chon cc dich v tuong ng. Ngoi ra khi tin hnh kt ni Internet ban c th thay i nhanh cc xc lp trong hp thoai Connect.