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Gfo;
midj;Jk;
mfpyq;fspd;
mjpgjpahfpa
my;yh`;
xUtDf;Nf
cupj;jhdJ. mtdJ mUSk;>
rhe;jpAk; K`k;kj; () mtu;fs; kPJk;>
mtu;fspd; FLk;gj;jtu;> ]`hghf;fs;
,khk;fs;> K];ypkhd rNfhju>
rNfhjupfs; midtu; kPJk; epiyahf cz;lhfl;Lkhf!
kjpg;Gf;Fupa ,];yhkpa rNfhju> rNfjupfNs!

cyfpy; ,];yhk; Ntfkhf tsu;e;J epiyapy; ,];yhj;jpd; cs;spUe;J mjd;

tsu;r;rpiaf; fUtWf;Fk; fiuahd;fSk; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wdu; vd;gNj
cz;ik.
,];yhj;jpd; ngauhy; tsu;e;J> mjd; mbg;gilf; nfhs;fisAk;> ek;gpf;iff;
Nfhl;ghLfisAk; jfu;j;njwpAk; tp\f;fpUkpfs; ,k;khu;f;fj;jpw;F Gjpatu;fs;
my;yu; vd;gij cig gpd; ]Y}y; Kjy; fkhy; mjh Ju;f;> `{];dp Kghuf;>
flhgp tiu mwpag;gl;ljhf ,Ug;gpDk;> ,];yhj;jpd; ngauhy; Kisj;j mjd;
cz;ikahd vjpupfs; gw;wpa mwpT fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.
me;j tifapy; ]pNahdp] vjpu;gi
; g ntspg;gilahff; fhl;bf; nfhz;L ,U
jiyg;ghk;ghf ntspg;gLk; \PMf;fs; gw;wpa mwpTk;> njspTk; ,e;j
E}w;whz;by; Rd;dp K];ypk; xUtuplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba mtrpakhd
mwpthFk;.
<uhdpau;fs; mnkupf;fhit vjpu;f;fpd;whu;fs;> ,];uNty; cyf tiuglj;jpy;
,Ue;J Jilj;jwpag;gLk; vd rthy; tpLfpd;whu;fs; Nghd;w Nghypahd
tpsk;guq;fspdhy;
\PMf;fis
K];ypk;fs;>
ekJ
nfsutj;jpw;Fk;
fhuzfu;j;jhf;fs;
vd
thjpLk;
epiy
gbj;j
Kw;Nghf;Fs;s
rpe;jidahsu;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
rt+jp mNugpau;fs; t`;`hgpfs;> mt;ypahf;fis mtkjpg;Nghu;> me;ehl;L
kd;du;fs; mnkupf;fhtpd; iff; $ypfs; Nghd;w ngha;g; gpur;rhuj;jhy;
ftug;gl;l mt;ypahf;fsplk; rf;jp ,Ug;gjhf ek;Gk; nghJkf;fs;
\Pf;fs;
jk;ikg; Nghd;W fg;Wfisf; fl;b tzq;Ftjhy; eilKiwapy; jkf;F
xj;jpUg;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L <uhd; cyfpy; ,];yhkpa ehLfspy;
tupirapy; <uhid jiy rpwe;j ehlhff; fUJfpd;wdu;.

mtu;fs;> fypkhr; nrhd;dtu;fshr;Nr! mtu;fisf; topNflu;fs;> fhgpu;fs;

vd;nwy;yhk; tu;zpg;gjh vd rpyu; Nfs;tp vOg;GtJ \PMf;fs; gw;wpa
2

mbg;gil mwpTk;>
Ntz;bAs;sJ.

Ma;tpy;

Fiwghl;ilAk;

fhl;LtjhfNt

Rl;;bf;fhl;l

fhjpahdpfs; vd;d fhuzj;ijf; nfhz;L fhgpu;fshf Nehf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fNsh

mijtplg; gd;klq;F njspthd Mjhuq;fisAk;> rhd;WfisAk; mtu;fspd;
%yhjhu E}y;fspd; Jiz nfhz;L mtu;fisf; fhgpu;fs; vdf; $w KbAkhd
msT ek;kplk; Mjhuq;fs; Njq;fpf; fplf;fpd;wd.
,];yhj;jpd; vjpupia vt;thW K];ypk; vdf; $w KbahNjh mNj
Nghd;Wjhd; \PMf;fspd; epiyAk; vd;gij ep&gpf;Fk; Mjhug+u;khd rhd;Wfs;
cq;fsplk; rku;g;gpf;fg;gl;Lfpd;wJ. mtw;iw epjhdkhf thrpAq;fs;> gpd;du;>
KbTf;F thUq;fs;.
,J Gjpjhff; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l xd;wy;y. khw;wkhf>
ngUkf;fisAk;>
Ma;thsu;fisAk;
gpd;gw;wpNa
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,];yhkpa
,e;j

my;yh`; midtUf;Fk; mUs; nra;ag; NghJkhdtd;.

m\;i\f;: vk;. N[. vk;. up];thd; kjdp

rizwanmadani71@yahoo.com.

mwpQu;
Ma;T

cs;slf;fk;:
\PM vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs;:
\PMf;fspd; Njhw;wk;>
ngau;fs; fhuzj;Jld;>
\PMf;fspd; Kf;fpa %d;WgpupTfs;>
ek;gpf;if Nfhl;ghL>
Fu;Md;> Rd;dh gw;wpa \PMf;fspd; epiyg;ghL>
]`hghf;fs;> K];ypk;fs; gw; wpa epiyg;ghL>
\PMf;fspd; rhl;rpak;. (\`hjh)
\PMf;fspd; ,khk;fs;>
\PMf;fs; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk; Kiwik.
fjPu;`k;

epfo;T.

\PMf;fs; Kd;itf;Fk; (Maj;Jj; jj`;`{u;) tpsf;fk;

MSikfs;.
\PM cUthf;fj;jpy; mjd; rpe; jid ehafd; ,g;D ]g/ tpd; tfpghfk;
a/$g; my; Fiydp (E}y;> juhjuk;)>
Fikdp. (Nfhl;ghL> nfhs;if> E}y;fs;)>
\PM kjk; <uhdpy; vt;thW fhy;gjpj;jJ.
<uhdpd; muprpay; rhrdk;> ahg;G Kiwikfs;>
\PMf;fs; ru;tNjr r%fj;jpy; CLUTk; Kiw>
\PMf;fspd; njhiyj; njhlu;G rhjdq; fs;. (nrdy;fs;)>
\PMf;fsps; %yhjhu E}y;fs;>
\PMf;fs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTk; E}y;fs;>
,yq;ifapy; gutp tUk; \PM rpe;jid.
\PMf;fis fis milahsg;gLj;Jtjpy; m`;Y];]{d;dh ,khk;fspd; gq;fspg;G.
\PMf;fspd; Nfhl;ghLfis tpsf;Fk; kjf;Nfhl;ghLfs;.
4

\PM vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs;:

\PM
vd;w nrhy; muG nkhop tof;fpy; xUikr; nrhy;yhFk;. cjtpahsu;> mzp>
FO Nghd;w nghUspy; Msg;gLk; ,r;nrhy;yhdJ> my;Fu;Mdpy; FO>
gpuptpidahsu; $l;lk;> gpupTfs;> <lhdtu;fs;> cjtpahsu; Nghd;w nghUspy;
Msg;gl;bUg;gij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.

Mjhukhf mikfpd;w trdq;fs;

] 69: [

gpd;du; xt;nthU mzpapy; ,Ue;Jk; mu;u`;khDf;nfjpuhd mjd; fLk;

Nghf;Filahsu;fs; ahNuh mtu;fis fisnaLg;Nghk;. (ku;ak;: 69).
]15: [

mq;Nf mtu; (%]h) rz;il nra;J nfhs;Sk; ,U kdpju;fisf;

fz;lhu;> xUtu; jd;idg; gpd;gw;Wgtu;. kw;wtu;> jdJ vjpupfspy;
cs;stu;> mtiug; gpd;gw;Wgtd; mtuplk; cjtp Ntz;bdhu;.
(my;f]];: 15) ,q;F \PM vd;w xUikr; nrhy; gpd;Jau;gtu;> mzp> FO
Nghd;w nghUspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
] 51: [

cq;fisg; Nghd;Nwhiu
(my;fku;: 51)

ehk;

mspj;Js;Nshk;.

rpe;jpg;Nghu;

cz;lh

. ] 65: [

my;yJ> mtd; cq;fisg; gy FOf;fshf;fp> cq;fs; rpyUf;F

(kw;Wk;) rpyuJ Ntjidia Ritf;fr; nra;aTk; mtd; (Mw;wy;
cilatd;). (my;md;Mk;: 65).

vtu;fs; jkJ khu;f;fj;ijg;

khwptpl;lhu;fNsh
mtu;fAd;
(my;md;Mk;: 159).

gpsTgLj;jp> gy
ve;j xd;Wf;Fk;;

FOf;fshfTk;
ePu; ,y;iy.

epr;rakhf
gpu;mt;d;
g+kpapy;
jd;id
cau;thf;fp>
mtdJ
r%fj;jtiug; gy FOf;fshfTk; Mf;fptpl;lhd; ( my;f]];: 4).

jkJ
khu;f;fj;ijg;
gpsTgLj;jp>
gyFOf;fshfTk;
khwptpl;l
,iztg;ghsu;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; ePq;fs; MfptplhjPu;fs;. xt;nthU
gputpdUk;
jk;kplk;
,Ug;gijf;
nfhz;L
kfpo;r;rpAWgtu;fshf
,Uf;fpd;wdu;.
Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; \PM vd;w nrhy;ypd; gd;ikr; nrhy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
: :

\uPMtpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy ; \PM vd;w nrhy; Ntz;b epw;Fk;

nghUs;.
,e;jr; nrhy;iy
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tiuaWg;gjpy;

mwpQu;fs;

kj;jpapy;

gy

fUj;Jf;fs;

myp (uop) mtu;fisAk;> m`;Yy;igj;Jf;fisAk; rhu;e;jpUg;Nghu;>

myp (uop) mtu;fs; c];khidtpl rpwe;jtu; vdf; $WNthu;.
,t;thwhd fUj;Jf;fs; ghupasT khu;f;fj;jpy; ghjfj;ij cUthf;ftpy;iy.
,Ug;gpDk; >
fjPu;`k; ) ( epfo;tpy; $wg;gl;l t]pa;aj;jpw;F mikthf myp (uop)
mtu;fSk;> m`;Yy;igj;fSk;jhd; egpapd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;du; Ml;rpf;F
jFjpahdtu;fs;>

 ]`hghf;fs; Fwpg;ghf cku;> mg+ cigjh (uop) Mfpa

,Utupd;
MNyhiridapd; Ngupy; myp mtu;fSf;Fupa Ml;rpia mg+gf;fu; (uop)
mtu;fSf;F mgfupj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gl;;lJ> mjd; fhuzkhf myp (uop) mtu;fs;
mePjp
,iof;fg;gl;lhuhf
khwpdhu;fs;
vd;w
Nfh\g;gp
gpur;rhuj;Jld;>
]`hghf;fis Ku;jj;fshfTk;> r%fj;JNuhfpfshfTk; ek;gp> gpur;rhuk;
nra;Ak; $l;lk; \PM vdg;gLk;.

\PMtpd; Njhw;wk;

egp () mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; \PMf;fs; vd;w FOtpdu; ,Ue;jjpy;iy.

K];ypk;fs;jhd; ,Ue;jhu;fs;> mtu;fs;jhd; rj;jpa ]`hghf;fs;. ,];yhkpa
khu;f;fj;jpw;fhf jk;ik KOikahf mw;gzpj;j khkdpju;fs;.
egp () mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpNyNa \PMf;fs; cUthfp tpl;ljhf \PMf;fs;
thjpLtJ mg+y`g; ,];yhkpa khu;f;fj;jpy; kuzpj;jhd; vd;w $w;iw
xj;jhFk;. \PMf;fspd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp tiuaiw nra;tjpy;
mwpQu;fs;
kj;jpapy; ggyjug;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd.
egpapd; kuzj;ijj; njhlu;e;J ehd;F fyPghf;fspd; Ml;rp nra;jhu;fs;.
ehd;fhtJ fyP/ghthd myp (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l murpay;
Kuz;ghLfs; mtu;fSf;Fk;> mg;Nghija rpupahtpd; ftu;dhfpa KMtpah (uop)
mtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,il ntspia
,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy;
Njhw;Wtpj;jJ vd;gNj cz;ik.
myp (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; `p[;up (36- my;yJ37)y; eil ngw;w ]p/g;gd
P ;
Nghupd; gpd;dhy; topnfl;l \PMf;fspd; Njhw;wk; mike;jpUf;f tha;g;gpUg;gij
tuyhw;iw kpfj;Jy;ypakhf Nehf;Fk; NghJ
mwpa Kbfpd;wJ vd;W
Ma;thus;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.
mjd; fhuzkhfNt ,U mzpfshf K];ypk;fs; khwpdu;> mjdhy; myp (uop)
mtu;fSld; ,Ue;j kf;fs; myp mzpapdu; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ
Nghy Kmtpah (uop) mtu;fspd; mzpapdUk;
KMtpah mzp
vd;W miof;fg;gl;ldu;.,g;NghJs;s \PM rpe;jidNah> mtu;fspd; ek;gpf;iff;
Nfhl;ghLfNsh mg;NghjpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gij ,q;F ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
myp (uop) mtu;fSld; ,Ue;j mzpf;F \Pmj;J myp vd mg;NghJ
miof;fg;gl;lJ nkhop mbg;gilapyhd nghUshfNt Nehf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
,J g+kpf;F gs;sp vd;W $Wk; eil Kiwia xj;jjhFk;. mJNt rupahd
nghUj;jg;ghl;il Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ.
7

,];yhj;jpy; ntspg;gilahf Eioe;j eatQ;rfd; mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ]g/

vd;w a+jdpd; rpe;jidahy; ce;jg;gl;l> mwptpy; Fiwe;j kf;fs; fhyg;
Nghf;fpy;> m`;Yy; igj;Jf;fis Nerj;jpy; vd;w Nghu;itapy; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l
k[{]pa; rpe;jidf;F ,e;jg; ngau; tuyhapw;W.

\PM rpe;jidia Njhw;Wtpg;gjpy;

,g;D ]g/ tpd; tfpghfk;

,g;D ]g/ vd;gtd; ahu; ???

,td; xU a+jd; c];khd; (uop) mtu;fspd;
ntspg;gilahfTk;> eatQ;rfkhfTk; ,];yhj;ij
mtu;fspd; ,khkh gw;wpAk;> ,];kh gw;wpAk;> t]pa;ah
thjpl;ltd;> fpup];jtj;ij ngsy; gho;gLj;jpaijg;

fhyj;jpy; ngaUf;F
Vw;whd;> myp (uop)
gw;wpAk; Kjy;Kjyhf
Nghd;W ,];yhj;ij
m`;Yy; igj;fspd; Nerj;jpd; ngauhYk;> Ml;rpapd; ngauhYk;> ehrfhuk;
nra;jtd; vd;fpwhu; ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah mtu;fs;.
,tNd> mg+gf;fu;> cku; (uop) Mfpa ,UfyP/ghf;;fspy; ,Ue;J tpyfpf;
nfhs;tij Kjyhtjhf mwptpj;jtd;> vfpg;jpy; fyP/gh c];khd; (uop)
mtu;fSf;F vjpuhd rpe;jidahsu;fs; cUthFtijg; gad;gLj;jp gytPdkhd
cs;sq;fs;> rpe;jidfs; cs;s kf;fsplk; ,e;j rpe;jidia gjpf;f
Muk;gpj;jhd;.
fz;zpakpf;f fyP/gh c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf Fog;gj;jP %l;b
Fspu;fha;ej
; td;> myp (uop) mtu;fs; kuzpj;j NghJ mtu;fs; kuzpf;ftpy;iy
jpUk;gptUthu;fs; vd thjpl;ltd;.>
:

xt;nthU egpf;Fk; t]pa; (cgNjrpf;fg;gl;;ltu;) fyPghf;fs; ,Ug;gu;>

,e;j egpapd; t]pa;Ak;> fyP/ghTk; mwpT> Mw;wy;> tPuk;> nfhil>
ek;gpf;if> gagf;jp Mfpa gz;GfSf;F cupj;jhd mypjhd;. ,e;j
r%fk; mtUf;F mePjp ,ioj;J tpl;lJ> mtuJ Ml;rp mjpfhu
8

cupikia mgfupj;Jf; nfhz;lJ> mjdhy; midtUk; mzpjpuz;L

mtUf;F cjTtJk;> mtUf;F gff;gykhf ,Ug;gJk;> c];khd;
mtu;fspd; Ml;rp jiyikf;fl;Lg;ghl;L xg;ge;jj;ij (igmj;ij)
Kwpj;J mypf;F igmj; nra;tJk; flik vd;w mtdJ rpe;jidahy;
kf;fs; ftug;gl;ldu;> c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf fpsu;r;rp
nra;jdu;. ,J gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;w ,khk; ,`;]hd; ,yh`p (u`;)
mtu;fs; ,J \PMf;fNs xg;Gf; nfhs;fpd;w rhl;rpaq;fshFk;. ,jdhy;
a+jg; gpd;dzpjhd; ,e;j rpe;jijdf;F mbNfhyp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. myp
(uop)
mtu;fSk;>
m`;Yy;igj;fSk;
,jpy;
,Ue;J
Kw;wpYk;
ePq;fpatu;fs; vd tpsf;fpAs;shu;fs;. ,tdJ rpe;jidg; gpujpgypg;Ng

,khkpa;ah rpe;jid vd;gij ,q;F ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

)233:(
)289/3(
.)167/7(

)86/1(

)71:(
)77/3(

)174/1(

)340/4(

\PMf;fspd; ngau;fs; fhuzj;Jld;

\PMf;fs; gy ngau;fs; nfhz;L miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mtw;wpy; Kf;fpakhd
ngau;fs; gw;wp mtw;wpw;fhd fhuzj;Jld; ,q;F jug;gLfpd;wJ.
1) \PM . ,J myp (uop) mtu;fspd; mzpapy; ,Ue;j K];ypk;fis Muk;g
fhyj;jpy; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; xU kjj;ij> xU nfhs;ifiag;
gpujp gypf;Fk; xU $l;lj;ijf; Fwpf;fg; gad;Lj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
2) uh/gpoh.
,e;jg; ngau; nfhz;L m`;Y];]{d;dh mwpQu;fshy; mjpkhf
miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. \PMf;fis tpkuprdk; nra;Ak; mwpQu;fs; $w;Wf;fspy;
,e;jr; nrhy; jhuhskhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mtu;fspd; ,khk;fspy; xUtuhd mwpQu; i]j; gpd; myp (u`;) mtu;fsplk;
Kjy; ,uz;L fyPghf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; tpyFkhW mg;Nghija \PMf;fs;
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;ldu;. mtu; mij Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mjdhy; mtu;fs;
mtiu

tpl;Lk;

xJq;fpr;

nrd;wdu;.

Mjw;fhf

' vd;id

ePq;fs;

Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;Bu;fs;" vd;W mtu;fis Nehf;fp mtu; $wpa thu;j;ij %yk;

Gwf;fzpj;jtu;fs; vd;w ngau; nfhz;L md;W Kjy; miof;fl;ldu;.
9

,e;j epfo;T `p[;up 121>122. fhyg;gFjpapy; eil ngw;wjhf ,khk; ,g;D

ijkpa;ah (u`;) mtu;fs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;whu;fs;. ,e;j epfo;itf; fhuzkhf
itj;J \PMf;fs;> uhgpohf;fs;> i]jpa;ahf;fs; vd;w ,U gpupthfg; gpupe;jdu;.

3) ,khkpa;ah. ,J \PMf;fspd; gd;dpuz;L ,khk;fs; khj;jpuk; Ml;rpf;Fj;

jFjpahdtu;fs; vd ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> myp (uop) mtu;fs;jhd;
jiyik ,khk; gjtpf;Fj; jFjpahdtu; vd;gij ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjw;fhTk;
Fwpf;fTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
4) ,];id m\upa;ah. vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; gd;dpuz;lhtJ ,khKld; ,khkj;
Kw;Wg;ngWk;
vd;w
ek;gpf;ifAld;>
mtu;fs;
vt;tpj
jtWfSf;Fk;
mg;ghw;gl;ltu;fs; > my;yh`;tpd; J}juhy; Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;ltu;fs;>
mtu;fspd; jPu;g;gpy; vt;tpj jtWk;
epfoNtepfohJ vd;Wk; ek;Gtijf;
Fwpf;Fk;.
5) mytpa;ah. mytpa;a+d;. myp (uop) mtu;fis Nerpg;gjd;
cUthf;fg;gl;ljhy; ,g;ngau; nfhz;L miof;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

Ngupy;

6) /ghjpkpa;ah. ghjpkh (uop) mtu;fspd; Ngiug; gad;gLj;jp> mtu;fs; kPJ

Nerj;ijf; fhl;b \PMf; nfhs;ifiag; gug;Gtjhy; te;jJ.
7) cigjpa;ah> cigjpa;a+d;. \PMf; nfhs;ifiag; gug;gf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j
cigJy;yh`; gpd; ik%d; my;fj;jh`; vd;w \PM Ml;rpahsdpd; ngaupYk;
,t;thW miof;fg;gLtu;.

(8) ]gapa;ah: a+jd; ,g;D ]g/tpd; rpe;jidia KOikahf mq;fPfupj;J>

eilKiwg;gLj;jpajdhy ,g;ngau; te;jJ.

(9)

ghjpdpa;ah:

\PMf;fSf;F ghjpdpa;ahf;fs; vd;w ngaUk; cz;L.

khu;f;fj;ij mfk;> Gwk; vdg;gpupj;J jg;Gk; jtWkhf khu;f;fj;jpd; rhd;Wfis
mZFtjhy; ,e;jg; ngau; ,tu;fSf;F te;jJ. topjtwpa gpupTfspy;
,e;jg;gpupT kpfTk; Mgj;jhd gpupthFk;.
ghjpdpa;ahf;fs; gw;wp
,khk; mg;Jy; fhjpu; my;gf;jhjp (u`;) mtu;fs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;w NghJ: my;yh`; cq;fis rfy nrsghf;fpaq;fSlDk;
thoitf;fl;Lk; (gpuhu;j;jid) mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;! K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy;
ghjpdpa;ahg; gpuptpd; nfLjp> jPq;F a+j> fpup];jt> kw;Wk; neUg;G tzq;fpfspd;
jPq;iftplTk; Mgj;jhdJ. kl;Lkpd;wp> fk;a+d]thjpfs;> Vnda ,iw
epuhfupg;ghsu;fspd; jPq;ifAk; ntd;wjhFk;. ,y;iy! ,y;iy! ,Wjp fhyj;jpy;
tutpUf;Fk; j[;[hypd; nfLjpiatplTk; nfhbaJ. Vnddpy; ghjpdpa;ahg; gpupT
Njhd;wpaJ Kjy; mjd; gpur;rhuj;jhy; topnfl;ltu;fspd; vz;zpf;if
10

j[;[hypd; Fju;f;fg;gpur;rhuj;jhy; nfLgftu;fis tpl mjpfk; Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;.

mtd; cyfpy; ehl;gJ ehl;gJ jpdq;fNs ,Ug;ghd;. Mdhy; ghjpa;ahg;
gpuptpdupd; khu;f;ftpNuhj eltbf;iffs; kioj;Jsp msitAk;> kzypd;
vz;zpf;ifiAk;
tplTk;
mjpfkhdjhFk;.
ghjpdpag;gpupit
cz;Lgz;zpatu;fs;
ik%Dy;
fj;jh`;
vd;wiof;fg;gLk;
xUtupd;
Njhou;fs;jhd; vd;W Ma;thsu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.
(my;/gpuf; igdy; /gpuf;> ghfk;:1- gf;fk;: 265)
\PMf;fs; kj;jpapy; gy gpupTfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpy; ,khkpa;ah>
i]jpa;ah> ,];id m\upa;ah> ,tu;fspy; fuhkpjh> ,];khaPypa;ah> Nghuh>
]gapa;ah> Fyhj; (vy;iy kPwpNahu;)> ]g;ghgh (jpl;LNthu;)> Kgs;spyh>
(fyPghf;fisr; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wk; i]jpa;ahf;fpspy; xU gpupT)> mytpa;ah>
ghjpkpa;ah> cigjpa;ah> Nghd;w gpupTfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it midj;Jk;
m`;Yy;igj; (egpapd; FLk;gj;jpdu;) ngauhy; Kisj;j \PMg;gpupTfs;jhd;.
,itfSf;F kj;jpapy; ngupa NtWghLfs; ,y;iy.

\PMf;fspd; %d;W Kf;fpa gpupTfs;.

,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah (u`;) mtu;fs; \PMf;fis mtu;fspd; rpe;jidapd;
mbg;gilapy; gpd;tUk; %d;W ngUk; gpupTfshf Nehf;Ffpd;whu;fs;.
KjyhtJ gpuptpdu;: ,iwapaw; gz;G> egpj;Jtg; gz;G vd;gtw;iw myp (uop)
mtu;fSf;F cupj;jhf;Ffpd;w vy;iykPwpa jPa gpupT.
,];yhk; gw;wp
mwpTs;s xt;nthU K];ypKf;Fk; ,tu;fspd; F/g;u; njspthdjhFk;.
,tu;fspd; F/g;u; fpup];jtu;fspd; F/g;iu xj;jjhFk;. mNj Ntis kw;nwhU
mbg;gilapYk; ,tu;fs; a+ju;fSf;F xg;ghFthu;fs;.
,uz;lhk; gpuptpdu;: ,khkpa;ahf;fs;> kw;Wk; mtu;fisg; Nghd;Nwhu; vd;W
mwpag;gLk; uhgpohf;fs;. njspthd> my;yJ njsptw;w mbg;gilapy; egpapd;
kuzj;jpd; gpd; myp (uop) mtu;fs;jhd; Ml;rpj; jiyikf;Fj; jFjpahdtu;>
mtu; mePjp ,iof;fg;gl;Ls;shu;. mtuJ cupik kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd
ek;GNthu;. ,jw;fhf mg+gf;fu;> cku; (uop) Mfpa ,tUlDk; Nfhgj;ij
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;> mtu;fisj; jpl;Lfpd;wdu;. mt;tpUtiuAk; jpl;LtJk;>
Nfhgj;ij ntspg;gLj;JtJk; ,khkpa;ahg; gpuptpdupd; milahskhFk;.
%d;whk; gpuptpdu; i]jpa;ahf;fs; vd;wiof;fg;gLNthu;. ,tu;fs; mg+gf;fu;>
cku; (uop) MfpNahiu rpwg;gpg;gJld;> mtu;fspd; jiyikj;Jtk; (,khkj;)
ePjp Mfpatw;wpy; ek;gpf;if cs;stu;fs;> mt;tpUtiuAk; fyP/ghf;fshfk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
,e;jf; Nfhl;ghl;by; /gpf;`;Tk;> tzf;fKk; cs;s (mwpQu;)
,izf;fg;gl;L Ngrg;gLfpd;;wdu;. ,tu;fs; m`;Y];]{d;dhf;fSld;
11

gyu;
kpf

neUf;fkhdtu;fs;. mt;tpU ]`hghf;fspd; ,khkj;> ePjp> Neu;ik> Ml;rp

gw;wpa tp\aj;jpy; uhgpohf;fspd; Nfhl;ghl;bw;F vjpuhf ,Ug;gJld;>
myp
(uop)
mtu;fspd;
rpwg;Gf;fspy;
,t;tpU
]`hg;ghf;fs;
tp\aj;jpYk;
m`;Y];]{d;dhf;fSld; Kuz;gl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; uhgpshf;fspd;
Muk;g Kuz;ghlhdJ ,ij tpl Mgj;jhdJ. mJNt ,tu;fSf;Fk; Vzpahf
mike;jJ. mtu;fs;;jhk; ,jd; thapyhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.
32

Gdpj Fu;Md; gw;wpa \PMf;fspd; epiyg;ghL.

K];ypk;fsplk;
fhyk;
fhykhf
ek;gg;gl;L>
khw;W
kjj;jtu;fs;
gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhNdhiu
,];yhkpa
khu;f;fj;jpy;
,izj;j
Gdpj
my;Fu;Mid \PMf;fs; ek;gkWf;fpd;wdu;.
Fu;Md; xd;W jpul;lg;gl;l
NghJ ]`hghf;fs; ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;jjhf
gpur;rhuk; nra;tJld;> rpy mj;jpahaq;fis Ntz;Lnkd;Nw tpl;Ls;sjhfTk;
thjpLfpd;wdu;. mtu;fspd; %yh E}y;fs; ,ij cWjp nra;fpd;wd.

\PM kj E}y;fspy; ,Ue;J

cz;ikj; jfty;fs;

rpy

my;Fu;Mid
njhFf;fpd;w
NghJ
egpj;Njhou;fs;
,Ul;lbg;Gr;
nra;jjhf
\PMf;fshy; ,d;Wk; ek;gg;gLk; 'my;tpyhah"
mj;jpahaj;jpd; efy;
nghUs;:
ek;gpf;ifahsu;Ns!
egpiaf;
nfhz;Lk;>
typia
(mypia)f;nfhz;Lk;
ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sq;fs;> mt;tpUtiuAk; ehk;
mDg;gpAs;Nshk;.
mt;tpUtUk;
cq;fis
Neu;topapy; ,l;Lr; nry;thu;fs;. egpAk;> typAk;
xUtu; kw;nwhUtupy; ,Ue;Jk; cs;sdu;. vd;w
trj;jpy;
myp
(uop)
Ml;rp
gw;wpaJ
,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,ij
]`hghf;fs;
Ntz;Lnkd;Nw tpl;Ls;sdu; vdthjpLfpd;wdu;.

12

,J cyfg; nghJkiwahd K];ypk;fspd; iffspy; ,Uf;Fk; Fu;Mdpy; ,lk;

ngWk; Maj;Jy; Fu;]p trdkhFk;.
me;j trdj;jpYk; khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;bUg;gjhf \PMkj E}yhd Ju;k/ghjP`;
my;[pdhd; vd;w fpue;jj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bU;ggij mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.
mJ gw;wpa `jPi] mg+ `{iuuh (uop) mtu;fs; mwptpg;gjhNyh vd;dNth
njupatpy;iy. ,e;jf; Fw;wr;rhl;L.

13

 egpj;Njhou;fshy; my;Fu;Md; khw;wj;jpw;Fk;> jpUj;jpw;Fk;

cs;shfpAs;sjhff; $Wk; \PMf; fpue;jq;fs;.
nghUs;: ekJ fuq;fspy; cs;s ,e;jf;Fu;Md;
K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F ,wf;fg;gl;l
mikg;gpy;
KOikahdJ
fpilahJ.
mjw;F
khw;wkhfNt cs;sJ. mjpy; jpupGf;F cl;gl;lit>
khw;wj;jpw;F
cl;gl;lit>
gy
ngau;fs;
ePf;fg;gl;lit vd gyTk; cs;sd. mjpy; myp (uop)
mtu;fspd;
ngaUk;>
K`k;kj;
egpapd;
FLk;gj;jhuupd;
ngau;fSk;>
eatQ;rfu;fspd;
ngau;fSk;
cs;slq;Fk;.
mJ
my;yh`;Nth>
mtdJ J}jNuh tpUk;Gk; xOq;fikg;gpYk; ,y;iy
vd kw;nwhU \PM kj mwpQuhd my;g`;uhdp
vd;gtu; jdJ 'k\hupF\; \{%]{j; Ju;upa;ah" vd;w
E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

nghUs;:
my;Fu;Md;
khw;wg;gl;Ls;s
nra;jp
cz;ikahdJ.
,e;jr;
nra;jpAk;>
,d;Dk;
Vuhskhd
rupahd
nra;jpfSk;
my;Fu;Mdpy;
FiwtpUg;gijAk;> mjpy; khw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sijAk;
njspthff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
,J gw;wp nra;jpfs;
midj;Jk;
fUj;jbg;gilapy;
gy
topfspy;
cWjpahditjhd;
vd;gNj
vdJ
fUj;jhFk;.
(vd;W \PM kj mwpQd; k[;yp]p vd;gtu;
'kpu;Mj;Jy;
c$y;"
vd;w
jdJ
E}ypy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
Rd;dj; [khj; $j;jhbfNs
14

,Jjhd; <uhdpaupd; nfhs;if vd;gij ,dpahtJ Gupe;J nfhs;skhl;Bu;fsh?

my; `{[;[h vd;w E}ypy;: ek;kplk;

K];`/g;
ghjpkh vd;w Fu;Md; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mJ cq;fspd;
Fu;Mid tpl %d;W klq;ifAilaJ. mjpy; cq;fs;
Fu;Mdpy;
cs;s
xU
vOj;Jf;$l
,y;iy.
ghurPfj;jpy; ,wq;fpa Fu;MNdh njupatpy;iy)
kw;Wnkhu; E}ypy;: mg+f;fu; ]pj;jPf; (uop) mtu;fis
Kjy;
fyPghthf
Vw;wtu;fisNah>
mtu;fspd;
,ul;rfdhfpamy;yh`;itNah> mtu;fspd; egpiaNah
ehk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
J`;gJy; mthk; vd;w E}ypy;: mg+gf;fu; ]pj;jPf; (uop)
mtu;fisAk;> cku; (uop) mtu;fisAk; rgpj;Jg;
gpuhu;j;jpg;gJ ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

\PMf;fspd; fw;gidf; Fu;Mdpy; ,lk;ngWk; E}iud; mj;jpahaj;jpd;

efypy; ,Ue;J.

15

my;Fu;Mdpd;
Ngr;rikg;G>
cs;slf;fk;>
,yf;fz
eil
Mfpatw;wpy;
jpupGepfo;T
ele;jpUf;fpd;wJ
vd;gij
czu;j;Jk;
nra;jpfs;
gue;Jfhzg;gLtJ
kl;Lkpd;wp>
Nfs;tpapd;wp
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;
gLk; Kjthjpu; vd;w juj;jpYk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ
vd;fpwhu;
my;md;thUd; E/khdpa;ah vd;w
E}ypd; \PM kj Mrpupau;fspy;
xUtuhd
ep/kJy;yh`;
my;[]hapup

FikdpAk; ,e;j epiyg;ghl;by;

,Ue;J
rw;Wk;
NtWglhthW
,e;jf;
$w;iw
cWjp
nra;Js;shu;.
Fwpj;j
,e;j
trdq;fis
my;Mdpy; ,Ue;J mg;Gwg;gLj;jp
tpl;L>
thd;kiwapy;
jpupG
nra;tjd;
%yk;
ifahly;
nra;J>
Fu;Mdpd;
kPJ
khaj;jpiuiag; Nghl;L> cyf
kf;fspd; fz;fis tpl;Lk; mij
kiwg;gJ
vd;gJ
]`hghf;fSf;F vspjhdjhfNt
,Ue;Js;sJ.
a+j>
fpup];jtu;fis Nehf;fp K];ypk;fs; Rkj;Jfpd;w Fw;wr;rhl;lhdJ ]`hghf;fs;
kPJjhd; cWjpahfptpl;lJ. ,J top nfl;l Fikdpapd; fUj;jhFk;.

16

Rd;dh gw;wpa \PMf;fspd; epiyg;ghL

]`hghf;fis
ePjkhdtu;fshf
mq;fPfupf;f
kWf;Fk;
m\PMf;fs;
mjdhy;jhd; mtu;fsJ mwptpg;Gf;fisAk; mq;fPfupf;f KbahJ vd;Wk;
thjpLfpd;wdu;. \PM kjf; FUf;fspy; xUtd; my;yhkh ? K`k;kj; k`;jp
my;M]p/gp vd;gtd;
up]hyj;J];]fiyd;
(2008) \PM rQ;rpifapy; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
. .
.
]`hgp mj;y; ePjkhdtuhf ,Ug;gpd; mtuJ mwptpg;Gf;fisAk; ehk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;Nthk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> midj;J egpj;Njhou;fspd; ePjpj;jd;ikAk; ek;kplk;
cWjp nra;ag;gltpy;iy. ,JNt `hghf;fspd; epiygw;wpa ]\PMf;fspd;
epiyg;ghlhFk;.
rpy egpj;Njhou;fs; `jP]f
; is ,l;Lf;fl;bf; $Wgtu;fs; vd;W \PMf;fs;
$Wfpd;wdu;.
\PMf; fpue;jq;fspy; myp (uop) mtu;fs; $wpaJk;> $whjJk;> mtu;fspd;
,khk;fspd; Ngupy; mtpo;j;Jtplg;gl;l ngha;fSfkhf gyij ,lk; ngwr;
nra;Js;sdu;. khj;jpukpd;wp> jkJ topNfl;bid cWjp nra;Ak; nghUl;L
ngha;ahd gy mwptpg;Gf;fis mtu;fspd; fpue;jq;fspy; ,izj;Js;sdu;. ,e;j
epiyg;ghl;lbdhy;jhd;
ekJ tzf;f topghLfSf;Fk;> \PMf;fspd; tzf;f
topghLfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ghupasT NtWghL fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
MapDk;> ekJ epiyg;ghL mtu;fSf;F Neu;khwhdJ.

egpj;Njhou;fs; midtUk; ePjpahdtu;fs; vd;w nghJtpjpapd; mbg;gilapy;
mtu;fspd;
ek;gfj;jd;;ikf;F
Kd;Dupik
toq;fp
`jP]f
; is
xg;Gf;
nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

17

\PMf;fspd; fypkh Kiw

yhapyh`
,y;yy;yh`;>
K`k;kJd;
typAy;yh`;> Fikdp `{[;[Jy;yh`;

,J
,];yhj;jpd;
kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Ik;ngUk;

flikfspd;

u#Yy;yh`;>

,];jhdj;jpy;

mypAd;

itj;J

ek;gpf;if Nfhl;ghL
my;tpyhah-

egp () mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;du; Ml;rpf;Fj;

jFjpahdtu; mypjhd; vd;gijf; $Wk; ek;gpf;if. ,J ]`hf;fspd; Vfkhd

jPu;khdj;jpy; ek;gpf;if mw;w xU epiyia cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

) 402 / 8( - (



.
egp () mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; mtu;fspd; \uPMtpw;F khw;wkhf
KbT nra;jdu; vd;W egpj;Njhou;fs; gw;wp jg;ngz;zk; nfhs;tJ $lhJ. mJ
khj;jpukpd;wp> mJ -eh];jPfu;fspd; - rj;jpaj;ij tpUk;ghNjhupd; $w;whfTk;
nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;fpwhu; ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah (u`;) mtu;fs;. (k[;%/
/jhth)

18

my;,khkh-

,JTk;

me;j

ek;gpf;if

jiyij;Jtj;jpw;F
m`;Yy;igj;jpdupy;
xUtuhd
mtu;fNs jFjpahdtu; vd;w FUl;L ek;gpf;if.
my;t]pa;ah

Nghd;wNj!
myp

(uop)

Ml;;rpj;jFjpAk;> jiyikg; gjtpAk; myp

(uop) mtu;fSf;Fj;jhd; cupj;JilaJ vd;gJ gw;wp egp ()

mtu;fshy; Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;lJ vd;w kw;nwhU nksl;Bfk;.

mj;Jf;ah.

jkJ

ntspf;fhl;lhJ ele;J
mtu;fspd; E}ypy;:

ek;gpf;ifia

nfhs;Sk;

etPd

gpw

K];ypk;fsplk;

eatQ;rfk;.

,J

gw;wp

((:) ( : () :
. ))

mj;jf;fpa;ah vd;gJ vdJ khu;f;fKk;> vdJ Kd;Ndhu;fspd;

khu;f;fKkhFk;. jf;fpa;ah ,y;yhjtDf;F <khd; ,Uf;fhJ vd;Wk;
Nghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j mbg;giliag; NgzpNa ,d;Wk; K];ypk;fSf;;F cjt
Kd;tUfpd;wdu;. fyhepjp epah]; nksytp gt;z;N;l\d; vd;w
ngaupy; cUthf;f;gg
; l;bUg;gJk; ,e;j mbg;gilapy;jhd;.
my;ifgh.

jiykiwthFjy;> kiwe;J tho;jy;. xope;jpUj;jy;.

Nghd;w nghUs;fs; nfhs;sg;gLk; ,e;j thu;j;ijahdJ \PMf;fspd;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;
mtu;fsJ
k`;jpapd;
kiwitAk;>
mtupd;
tUifiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
\PMf;fspd; gjpndhuhtJ ,khk; vd;w ek;gg;gLk; my;`]Dy;
m];fup vd;gtu; `p:260y; kuzpj;j NghJ K`k;kj; vd;w kfd;
,Ue;jjhuhk;> me;j ,khk;,tu; gpwe;jjhfTk;>
jdJ je;ijapd;
,khkj; gjtpia Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> gpd;du;> mWgj;jp Iz;Lfs;
kf;fis tpl;Lk; jiykiwthfpdhu; vd;Wk
; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
19

me;j k`;jp <uhdpy;

Ru;ukd;uM

jPtpy; ,d;Wk; tho;e;J

tUtjhfTk;>
kWikapd;
milahskhf
kPz;Lk;
tUthu;>
fyP/ghf;;fisg; go;thq;Fthu;> md;id Map\h (uop) mtu;fs; khupah
vd;w egpapd; mbik kidtpapd; kPJ mtJ}W $wpajhf mtu;fs;
kPJ ,];yhkpa rl;lk; epiwNtw;Wthu; vd;Wk;
ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,e;j
nksl;Bf eilKiij mKy; nra;agtiu my;k`;jp my;Kd;jsu;>
my;k`;jp my;kt;t+j; - vjpu;ghf;fg;gl;l> thf;fspf;fg;gl;l k`;jp
vd;W miof;fpd;wdu;.
mu;u[;M.

jkJ k`;jp kiwe;J gy Mz;Lfs; tope;Js;s

epiyapy; mtu; kPz;Lk; g+kpf;F tUthu;> ,UfyP/ghf;fisAk;>

md;id Map\h mtu;fisAk; mtu;fspd; kz;ziwfspy; ,Ue;J
Njhz;b>
ntsapy;
vLj;J>
\Pff
; spd;
Kd;dpiyapy;
rl;lk;
epiwNtw;Wthu; vd;W ek;Gjy;.
,tuJ

ngau;

Jupjg;gLj;jp

,lk;

ngWk;

Neuq;fspy;

mtuJ

tUifiaj;

m[; mtuJ tUifia my;yh`;

Jupjg;gLj;Jthdhf vd;w thrfj;jpd; RUf;fkhf

m[; vd;w

thu;j;ijia jkJ E}y;fspy; gjpT nra;Js;sdu;.

nfhbatd;
mg;Ju;u`;khd;
my;Ky;[pk;
vd;gtdhy;
nfhiy
nra;ag;gl;l myp (uop) mtu;fs; kuzpf;ftpy;iy> thdpd; gf;fk;
cau;jj
; g;gl;Ls;shu;fs;> mtu;fs; kPz;Lk; ,t;TyFf;F tUthu;fs;
vd;w ek;gpf;iff;Fk; u[;M vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
my;,];kh jkJ ,khk;fs; jtWf;Fk;> kwjpf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;ltu;fs;>
thdtu;fis> egpkhu;fis tpl rpwe;jtu;fs; vd;w ek;gpf;if.

(:

,khKf;F GfOf;Fupa ,lKk;> cau;e;j me;j];Jk;> cyif epUtfpf;Fk;
mjpfhuKk; cz;L. me;;j epUthfj;jpw;Fk;> Nkyhz;ikf;Fk; ,t;Tyfpd; rfy
gilg;Gf;fSk; fPo;gbAk;.
20

) (
52 : ) (

ekJ ,khk;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; me;j];ij neUf;fj;jpw;Fupa kyf;Nfh> my;yJ

J}juhf mDg;gg;gl;l egpNah mile;J nfhs;skhl;lhu;fs; vd;gJ ekJ kjf;
nfhs;ifapy; mtrpak; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;baitfspy; cs;sjhFk;. (ghu;f;f
Fikdpapd; m];yhkpa muR. gf;fk;.52).

my;Kj;M

xU ngz;izf; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; xg;ge;jj;jpf; mbg;gilapy; gzk;

nfhLj;J ,d;gk; mDgtpj;jy; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUshFk;.
\PMf;fspd; khu;f;f tptfhuq;fspy; ,J mbg;gilahd xd;whf khj;jpukpd;wp>
<khdhfTk; Nghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpj;j me;jf;fhyk; mis mDgtpj;J
Kbe;jJk; mtSldhd Kj;M xg;ge;jKk; Kbe;J tpLk;.
Kj;M nra;Ak; ngz;zpd; ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd> Rtdk; fpilf;Fk;>
Nghijg; nghUSf;Fg; gjpyhf Kj;M khu;f;fkhf;fkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghd;w
nra;jpfs; mtu;fspd; fpue;jq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
ngz;fis Fwpg;gpl;l fpuaq;fSf;F mDgtpf;Fk; tpgr;rhu Kiw vd;Nw ,ij
,];yhkpa Nehf;fpy; ghu;f;fKbAk;. ,jw;F typapd; tpUg;gk; vd;gJ fpilahJ.
jdf;Fg; gpbj;j ngz;iz Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; mDgtpj;J tpl;L> gpd;du;
tpl;LtpLk; ,e;j eilKiwf;Fk; tpgr;rhuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWghLfs;
njupatpy;iy.

my;gjh/ kiwtpd; gpd; njd;gLjy;> Gjpa fUj;jhf gpd;du;

njupatUjy; Mfpa nghUs; ,e;jr; nrhy;Yf;Fz;L.
cyfpy; eil
ngWk; ve;j epfo;Tk; mit ele;J Kbe;j gpd;du;jhd; mitgw;wp my;yh`;
mwpfpwhd; vd;w ek;gpf;if. ,JTk; \PMf;fsplk; <khdpa mk;rq;fspy; xd;whf
ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ.
jkJ
epiyg;ghLfis
ehshe;jk;
khw;wp

mikg;gjw;fhf ,e;j rpj;jhe;jj;ij cUthf;fpajhf Ma;thsu;fs;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;.
my;yh`;tpd; mwptpy; FiwfhZk; ,e;jf;Fk;gy; jkJ ,khk;fs; cyfpy;
,Uf;Fk; mwpTfs; midj;ijAk; Nrkpj;J itj;jpUg;gjhf Nghijiid
nra;fpd;wdu;. my;yh`; mwpahky; mZTk; mirtjpy;iy
vd;W

K];ypk;fshfpa ehk; ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;.

21

 mfPjJj; jPdh .

Rd;dh K];ypk;fs; gilf;fg;gl;l kz;zpd;

%yj;jpy; ,Ue;J \PMf;fs; gilf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;w ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghL.

%d;W tif fsp kz;fs; cs;sd. egpkhu;fs; gilf;fg;gl;l fspkz;>

,iwtpRthrpahd K/kpd; me;j kz;zpd; %yj;jpy; ,Ue;J gilf;fg;gl;ltd;>
egpkhu;fs;
mjpy;
gupRj;jkhdtu;fs;>
mtu;fs;jhk;
mbg;gil.
mjd;
fpisfshd K/kpd;fs; gpRgpRg;ghf fspkz;zpy; ,Ue;J gilf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;>
eh]pgp vd;w \PM vjpu;gg
; hsd; #lhd fspkz;zd; %yk; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;.
(my;f/hgp).

\PMf;fspd; ghu;itapy; ]`hghf;fs;> ,ju K];ypk;fs;

]`hghf;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;;l rpyiuj; jtpu kw;w midtu;fSk; \Mf;fs;
Ku;jj;fshfg; ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,ij mtu;fs; ,d;Wk; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
K];ypk;fis e[P]f
; shfTk;> kpUfq;fshfTk; rpj;jupf;fpd;wdu;.
\PMf;fs;
egpj;Njhou;fis
Ku;jj;fshf
tu;zpf;fpd;wdu;.
Fikdp
]`ghf;fisAk;> fLikahf tpku;rdk; nra;jpUf;fpd;whu; mJ gw;wp ,q;F
ftdpAq;fs;.

,];yhk;> Fu;Md; gw;wpa vt;tpj ftiyAk; ,d;wp cyif milAk;

Nehf;fKk;>
Ml;rp
mjpfhuj;ijf;
ifg;gw;Wk;
Nehf;fKk;jhd;
me;j
]`hghf;fsplk; ,Ue;jJ. mtu;fs;> jkJ jPa vz;zq;fisf; epiwNtw;wpf;
nfhs;stjw;fhf Fu;Mid xU topahf (Clfkhf) vLj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;>
,tu;fSf;F myp (miy) mtu;fsJ fpyh/gj; gw;wpAk;> ,khk;fspd; ,khkj;
gw;wpAk; te;jpUe;j mwptpf;Fk; trdq;fis my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;jpy; ,Ue;J
mg;Gwg;gLj;JtJk;> mj;Jld; thd;kiwia khw;wTk;> cyf kf;fspd;
22

ghu;itapy; ,Ue;J njhlu;e;Jk; mij J}ug;gLj;jplTk; vspjhd xd;whfNt

,Ue;jJ. Fu;Md; NgupYk;> K];ypk;fs; NgupYk; kWik tiu ,e;j ,opr;
nray; jq;fp epw;Fk; uPjpapy; mike;Jtpl;lJ. a+j> fpu];jtu;fs; gf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gLk; Ntjkhw;wf; fUj;Jf;fs; ,tu;fs; kPJjhd; cWjpahfptpl;lJ.
(Fikdpapd; f\/Gy; m];uhupy; ,Ue;J)

( : :

) 108 :
(
ek;ik ,q;F tpl;L tpLq;fs;> ekf;Fk; ,U ii\f;FfSf;Fk; vt;tpj
rk;ke;jKk; ,y;iy. mt;tpUtUk; Fu;MDf;F khw;wkhfTk;> ,iwrl;lq;fspy;
nra;j jpUFjhsq;fs;> mtu;fs; ,UtUk; `yhyhf;fpaJ> `uhkhf;fpaJ>
egpapd; kfSf;Fk;> mtuJ Foe;ijfSf;Fk; vjpuhf mt;tpUk; Nkw;nfhz;l
mepahaq;fs; vd;W nrhy;ypy; tbf;f Kbahjit vd;fpwhu; Fikdp.
egp () mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dhy;
kdpju;fs; (]`hghf;fs;) kjk;khwpa
epiyapy; fhzg;gl;ldu;> %tiuj;jtpu >
me;j %tUk; ahu; vd;W Nfl;fg;;gl;l
NghJ kpf;jhj; ,g;Dy; m];tj;> mg+ju;
my;/fp/ghup>
]y;khDy;
/ghup]p
MfpNahu; vf;$wpdhu;. (c#Yy; fh/gp).
my;yh`;Nt K`k;kj; egpapd; kPJk;>
mtuJ
re;jjpfs;
kPJk;
]ythj;
nrhy;thahf!
Fiu\paupd;
,U
rpiyfisAk;>
mtu;fspd;
i\j;;jhd;fisAk;>
mtu;fspd;
,U
topNflu;fisAk;>
mt;tpUtupdJ
ngz;kf;fisAk; (Map\h> `/g;]h)
MfpNahiuAk; rgpg;ghahf. (kp/g;jh`{y;
[pdhd;) ,J ,U ngUk; ]`hgpfshd
mg+gf;fu;> cku; (uop) MfpNahu; gw;wpa
\PMf;fspd; njspthd epiyg;ghlhFk;.

kilau;fs;>

mgj;jthjpfs;>

.. vdpDk; ehk; ,iwr;rl;lj;jpYk;>

khu;f;fj;jpYk;>
mt;tUupdJk; (
mwpahik gw;wp ,q;F Rl;bf;fhl;l
Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j
mwptpy;yhj
mepahaf;fhuu;fs; jiyikj;Jt ,lj;jpw;F
23

jFjpaw;wtu;fs;> kl;Lkpd;wp> Ml;rp nra;a mUfijaw;wtu;fs;. (Fikdp

f\;/Gy; m];uhu;. gf;fk;:108) (cku; (uop) mtu;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ:
mtuJ nraw;ghLfs; ahTk; ,iwepuhfupg;G> eatQ;rfk;> ,iwkiwapy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;s rq;ifkpf;f Fu;Md; trdq;fSf;F Kuz;gl;bUj;jy; Nghd;witfs;
%yk; Njhd;wpaitahFk;. (Fikdp f\;/Gy; m];uhu;. gf;fk;:116)
ehk; mtu;fSld;
(Rd;dhf;fSld;) ,iwtd;> egp> ,khk; Mfpa ve;j
xd;wpYk; cld;gl;ltu;fshf ,y;iy. Vnddpy; mtu;fs; ek;Gfpd;w ,ul;rfd;
(ug;)> K`k;kj;
mtdJ egpahfTk;> muJ fyP/ghthf mg+gf;fUk;
,Ue;jhu;fs;. jdJ egpapd; fyP/ghitg; gilj;j (ug;) ,ul;rfd; ekJ ,ul;rfd;
,y;iy> me;j egpAk; ekJ egp ,y;iy. (my;md;thUd; E/khdpa;ah).
<uhdpy; khj;jpuk; 35 tPjj;jpw;Fk; (tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk;) mjpfkhd
m`;Y];]{d;dh K];ypk;fs;; tho;e;J tUfpd;whu;fs;. (23- 25 kpy;ypad;
K];ypk;fs;
vd
kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ)
mjd;
jiy
efu;
j`;uhdpy;
mtu;fSf;nfd
xU gs;spthry; $l ,d;Wtiu epWtKbahj epiy.
(mt;tsT J}uk; mtu;fspd; cupikfs; kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJjhd;
Mr;rupak;).
Mdhy; a+ju;fSf;nfd mq;F ,UE}Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Njthyaq;fs; cs;sd.
mjpy; mtu;fs; jkJ khu;f;f fpupiffis Rje;jpukhf epiwNtw;wpf;
nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
,jw;Fs;
gy];jPd;
tpLjiy!
,];uNty;
tiuglk;
Jilj;njwpag;gLk;! rt+jp murhq;fk; ]pNahdp];Lfspd; V[z;L. t`;`hgpfs;
mtu;fspd; jufu;fs; vd;nwy;yhk; nfhf;fupf;fpd;wdu; \PMf;fs;.

gy];jPd mfjpfisf; nfhiy nra;j `p];Gy;yhf;fs;.

,];uNtYld; MAjf; nfhs;tdT> mnkupf;fhTld; ,ufrpa
njhlu;G> <uhf;> Mg;fhdp];jhdpy; mnkupf;fhTf;F MjuT
,d;Dk; gy.

24

\PMf;fspd; ,khk;fs;>
1- myp gpd;; mgPjhypg;.(uop) (my;Ku;jsh- gpwg;G: `p. 23- kuzk;. 40)
2- mGy; `]d; vd;wiof;fg;gLtUk;> 'm];]fp"
ngw;wtUkhd `]d; gpd;; myp (uop) (50- 52)

vd;w

rpwg;Gg;

ngau;

3- mg+ mg;jpy;yh`; vd;wiof;fg;gLgtUk;> nra;apJ\;\{`jh vd;w. rpwg;Gg;

ngau; ngw;wtUkhd `{i]d; gpd; myp.(`p:3-61)
4- mg+ K`k;kj; vd;wiof;fg;gLgtUk;> irDy; Mg;jPd; vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau;
ngw;wtUkhd myp gpd; `{i]d; (`p: 38- 95).
5- mg+ [/gu; vd;wiof;fg;gLgtUk;> my;ghfpu;
ngw;wtUkhd K`k;kj; myp. (`p: 57- 117).

vd;w

rpwg;Gg;

ngau;

6- mg+ mg;jpy;yh`; vd;wiof;fg;gLgtUk;> 'm];]hjpf;" vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau;

ngw;wtUkhd [/gu; gpd; K`k;kj;. (`p: 83- 148).
7- mg+ ,g;uh`Pk; vd;wiof;fg;gLgtUk;> 'my;fhopk;" vd;w
ngw;wtUkhd %]h gpd; [/gu; (`p: 128- 183).

rpwg;Gg; ngau;

8- 'mu;upoh" vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau; ngw;w mGy;`]d; myp gpd; %]h.(`p: 248203)
9- 'my;[thj;" vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau; ngw;w mg+[/gu; K`k;kj; gpd; myp
(`p:195- 220)
10- 'my;`hjp" vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau; ngw;w mg+`]d; myp gpd; K`k;kj;.
(`p:232-260)
11- 'my;m];fup" vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau; ngw;w mg+K`k;kj; my;`]d; gpd;
myp( `p: 232-260)
12- 'my;k`;jp" vd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau; ngw;w mGy;fh]pk; K`k;kj; gpd;
my;`]d;. (`p: 256) ,tu; (`p: 256- y;> rpWtUtj;jpy; kuzkile;jjhff;
$Wk; \PMf;fs;> ,tu; ,d;Wtiu kiwe;J tho;tjhf ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
( : ])1([ )
( : ])2([ )
)181923/ ) (

25

\PMf;fs; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;iw Nehf;Fk; Kiwik>

,];yhkpa
tuyhw;iw
\PMf;fs;
jkJ
rpj;je;jj;jpd;
mbg;gilapy;
Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;. mjdhy; mij %d;W gFjpfshfg; gpupf;fpd;wdu;.
-1- egpfs; ehafj;jpd; fhyk;. ,J egpj;Jt tUif Kjy; egp () mtu;fspd;
kuzk; tiuAs;s fhyj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. (fp.gp. 618- Kjy; 632 tiu) ,ij
khu;f;f rl;lq;fs; mKyhFk; fhyg;gpupT vd;W miof;fpd;wdu;.
:
-618 /11-.13(

) ( *
. )632

,uz;lhtJ gFjp: gd;dpuz;L ,khk;fSk; ntspg;gLk; fhyk;. ,J

egp mtu;fsJ kuzk; Kjy; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ ,khkpd; kiwT tiu cs;s
fhyk;.
)941-632 /329 -11 ,J
Muk;gfhy
\uPMf;flikapd;
njhlu;r;rpahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjhtJ \uPMj;ij ,khk; g+uzg;gLj;Jjy;.
mtuplk; egpapd; mwpTk;> ,khk;fspd; mwpTk; ,ize;J fhzg;gLk;. ,J ,U
fl;lq;fshFk;.
( *
)941-632 /329 -11 ( - - )

:
.)869-657/255 -36( : me;j ,khk; (K`k;kj;) gpwe;jJ ,khkhfpaJ Kjy; kiwe;j nrhw;g fhyk;
tiu.
)941-657/329-255( : me;j ,khk; (K`k;kj;) tpd;
rhjhuzkiwT Kjy; ngupa kiwT
tiuAs;s fhyk; tiuAk;. ,e;jf;fhy fl;lk; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ ,khKf;Fk;>
kf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; J}Jtu;fshf nray;gl;l ehd;F J}Jtu;fspd; fhy
fl;lkhFk;. ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; ,khKf;Fk; mtuJ cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;
(\PMf;fSf;Fk;) ,ilapy; ve;jtpjkhd njhlu;Gk; ,Uf;ftpy;iyahk;.

." "
26

 ) 941 /329( *
www.Islam online.net .

%d;whtJ fhyg; gFjp: ngupa kiwtpy; ,Ue;J vjpu;ghf;fg;gLk; me;j

k`;jp ntspg;gLk; tiuAs;s )941 /329(
tiuAs;s fhyg;gFjpahFk;.
\PMf;fs; gj;J E}w;whz;LfSf;Fk; Nkyhf tho;e;J tUk; fhyfl;lkhFk;.
www.Islam online.net

myp(uop)
mtu;fspd;
Ml;rpia
epahag;gLj;j
Kd;itf;Fk; Mjhuq;fSk;> kWg;GfSk;.
fjPu;`k;

\PMf;fs;

epfo;T.

egp () mtu;fs; `[;[py; ,Ue;J jpUk;gpa NghJ kf;fhtpw;Fk;> kjPdhtpw;Fk;

,ilapy; cs;s 'fjPu; `k;"
vDk; ,lj;jpy; ]`hgh ngUkf;fSf;F
ciu epfo;j;jpajhfjpTk;> mjpy; myp (uop) mtu;fSf;F Ml;rpiaf;
nfhLf;Fk;gb egp () mtu;fshy; gzpf;fg;gl;Lk;> mij egpj;Njhou;fs; myp
(uop) mtu;fSf;F mijj;ju kWj;Js;sdu;> mjdhy; mtu;fs; fhgpuhdhu;fs;
vd;w ngha;ahdnjhU Fw;wr; rhl;il \PMf;fs; Kd;itf;fpd;wdu;.
,e;j epfo;it \PMf;fs; tUle;NjhWk;
Jy;`[; gjpndl;by; <Jy;/gpj;u;>
kw;Wk;
<Jy;
mo;`hg;
nghU
ehl;fis
tpl
ntFtpkupirahff;
nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;> mjpy; ,e;j epfo;it epidT $u;e;J ]`hghf;fisAk;>
,UfyP/ghf;fiAk; rgpj;Jg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;wdu;.
cz;ikapy;
me;jr;
nra;jpapy;
myp
(uop)
mtu;fspd;
Ml;rpgw;wpa
xUJUk;gsT fpilahJ. khw;wkhf> vdJ kuzj;jpd; gpd;dhy; vdJ
FLk;gj;jhu; tp\aj;jpy; ePq;fs; my;yh`;itg; gae;J ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
mtu;fisf; Nftyg;gLj;jpl Ntz;lhk;> mtu;fis fz;zpakhf elj;Jq;fs;
vd;w nghUNs mjpy; cs;slq;fp ,Uf;fpd;wJ. me;j `jPi]j; njspthfg;
gbAq;fs;. gy cz;ikfs; njupatUk;. mjpy; egp () mtu;fs;>
my;yh`;itg;Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;j gpd;dhy;:

27

kdpju;fNs! ehd; xU kdpjd;. vdJ ,ul;rfdpd; J}ju; (kyf;Fy;kt;j;) kpf

tpiuthf te;J> ehd; gjpy; mspf;f Neuyhk;. epr;rakhf ehd; cq;fsplk;
typikahd ,uz;il cq;fsplk; tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;Nwd;. mt;tpuz;by; xd;W
my;yh`;tpd; NtjkhFk;. mjpy; Neu;topAk;> gpurfhrKk; ,Uf;;fpd;wJ. vdNt
my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;ijg;gw;wpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
vdf; $wp my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;jpd; kPJ Mu;t%l;bdhu;fs;. gpd;du; vdJ
FLk;gj;jhu;
tp\aj;jpYk;
my;yh`;it
epidTgLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.
vdJ
FLk;gj;jhu;
tp\aj;jpYk;
my;yh`;it
epidTgLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.
vdJ
FLk;gj;jhu;
tp\aj;jpYk;
my;yh`;it
epidTgLj;Jfpd;Nwd;.
mjw;F
`{i]d; (uop) mtu;fs; `jPi] mwptpj;j i]j; gpd; mu;fk; (uop)
mtu;fsplk; mtu;fsJ kidtpau; mtu;fspd; m`;Yy; igj;fs;jhNd vdf;
Nfl;f> mtu;fsJ kidtpau; m`;Yy;igj;fs;jhk; vd;W gjpy; $wpdhu;fs;.
(K];ypk;)
Maj;Jj; jj`;`{u; .
myp> /ghj;jpkh> `]d;>
Nghu;itapDs; ,izj;J

`{i]d;

MfpNahiu

vd;w trdj;ij Xjpf;fhl;bajhy; mtu;fspd;

cs;slq;Ftu; vd;W \PMf;fs; thjpLfpd;wdu;.

egp

()

FLk;gj;jpdu;fs;jhk;

mtu;fs;

,jpy;

,e;j trdk; Neubahf egp () mtu;fspd; kidtpaiug; ghu;j;Jg; NgRfpd;w

trdkhFk;. mtu;fs; $Wtijg; Nghd;W mij mq;fPfupf;f KbahJ.

28

 : :
: [ ].









.


.

.

29

MSikfs;.
-1- a/$g; my; Fiydp (E}y;> jFjp).

2- Fikdp. (Nfhl;ghL> nfhs;if> E}y;fs;)

egpkhu;fs; midtUk; cyfpy; ePjpapd; rl;lq;fis epiyehl;;lNt

te;jdu;. Mdhy; mtu;fs; ntw;wpngwtpy;iy. kdpj ,dj;ij rPuikj;J>
kdpjj;ij gug;gp> kdpju;fis rPu; nra;a te;j ,Wjp egp K`k;kj; (]y;)
mtu;fs; $l ,jpy; ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. rfytpjkhd kdpju;fs; kj;jpapYk;
ePjpapd; rl;lq;fis epiy epWj;jp> Nfhzy;fis rup nra;J ntw;wp ngWk;
xUtu; ,Ug;ghhdhy; mtu; k`;jp khj;jpuNk! vd `p: 1400 y; Fikdp ,khk;
k`;jp gpwe;j jpdnfhz;lhl;lj;jpy; jdJ ciuapy; njuptpj;Js;shu;.

30

\PMf;fspd; G dpj Ntjq;fs;.

myp (uop) mtu;fs; VL
,J Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs;> capu;f; nfhiy kw;Wk;> cWg;Gf;fs; ntl;lg;gLjy;>
fhag;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w Fw;wg; gupfhuk; gw;wpa> nghUshjuhj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gLk;
tupfs; gw;wpa tpguk; jhq;fpa VlhFk;.
-2- K];`/g; ghjpkh

egp () mtu;fspd; kuzj;jpy; gpd;dhy; Mo;e;j ftiyapYk;> Jf;fj;jpYk;

,Ue;j /ghj;jpkh (uop) mtu;fSf;F MWjy; $Wtjw;fhf thftiu my;yh`;
mDg;gpdhdhk;. mJ gw;wp mwpe;j /ghj;jpkh mtu;fs; jdJ fztu; myp (uop)
mtu;fsplk; vLj;Jf; $wNt mtu;fs; te;J NgRtij czu;ej
; hy; mJ gw;wp
clNd jdf;F mwptpf;Fk;gb $wp ,Ue;jhu;fs;. mt;thNw thdtupd; Ngr;R
njhlu;e;Jk; vOjg;gl;lJ. ,Wjpapy; mJ Fu;MdhfpaJ.
mJNt K];`/g; /ghj;jpkh
vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ ekJ
Fu;Mid
tpl
%d;W
klq;F
ngupaJ
vd;gjhf
\PMf;fpue;jq;fs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,khk;fSf;Fj; Njitahd midj;J mwpTfSk; mjpy;
,Ug;gjhf ek;gg;Ltjhy; fhuzj;jhy; ,ij ,khk;fspd; itg;gfq;fs;>
fhg;gfq;fs; mlq;fpa ngl;lfk; vd;Wk; $l tu;zpf;fyhk;.

-3-

my;[hkpM.
Gj;jfkhFk;. \PMf;

rl;lq;fs;
fpue;jq;fspd;

gw;wpa

myp

mwptpg;Gf;fspd;gb

(uop)

mtu;fs;

vOgJ

Koq;fs;

ePskhdjhFk. mJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ

mjpy; ahTk; vs;slq;fp ,Uf;fpd;wJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.
-4 m];]`P/gj;J];][;[hjpa;ah
%yhjuq;fshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

,it \PMf;fsplk; jha;

,J gpuhu;jidfs; mlq;fpa rpw;NwlhFk;. ,e;j ]`P/ghtpy; 54 gpuhu;j;jidfs;

,Ug;gjhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.
,ij ]g+u; Myp
K`k;kj;> ,d;[Y
P m`;Yy;igj; vd \PMf;fs; ngUikahf miof;fpd;wdu;.
,J
mt;uhJj; njhFg;Gf;fs; vd;W ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ.
31

vd;gtuJ

4- my;[/g;u;.

\PMf;fspd; ek;gpf;ifg; gpufhuk; ,J my;yh`;tpd;

J}jupd;
Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; Njhypd; kPJ
vOjg;gl;l mwptpd; thr];jyq;fspy; xd;whFk;.
mk;rq;fs; ,jpy; cs;slq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

,khk; myp mtu;fshy;

[hkpMtpy; ,y;yhj gy

,e;j my;[/g;upy; vjpu;fhyk; gw;wpa epfo;Tfs;> egpkhu;fspd; R`;Gfs;>

Fu;MDf;F Kd;dhy; ,wf;fgl;l Ntjq;fs; ahTk; ,Ug;gjhf ek;Gfpd;wdu;.
khj;jpupkpd;wp> ed;ikfs;> jPikfs;> Nrhjidfs; gw;wpa rfytpjkhd
mwpTfSk; mjpy; ,Uf;fpd;wjhk;

\PM kjk; <uhdpy; vt;thW fhy;gjpj;jJ.

<uhdpd; tlNkw;fpy;> f];tPd; flYf;F mz;ikapy; mike;Js;s efuhd
mu;jgPy; vd;w efuj;ij ]gpa;Aj;jPd; my;mu;jgPyp vd;w \PMj;jhf;fk;
ngw;w #gp xUtu; Ml;rp nra;J te;jhu;. mtuJ guk;giuapy; te;j i`ju;
vd;gtdJ %d;whtJ kfd; ,];khaPy; vd;gtd; jdJ je;ijapd; kuzj;jpd;
gpd;dhy; Ml;rpf;F te;jhd;. ,ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl ,];khaPy; ]/gtp
vd;w ,izg;Gg; ngau; nfhz;L ,td; miof;fg;gLfpd;whd;.
,td;> fp. gp. )1501/ 907( mstpy; <uhdpd;

m]u;ig[hd; khfhzj;jpy;

mike;Js;s Kf;fpa eufq;fspy; xd;whd

jpg;uP]; khfhzj;ij jdJ

Ml;rpj;jiyikafkhf
vLj;J>
,khkpa;ah
vd;w
nfhs;ifiag;
gpufldg;gLj;jpaNjhL> <uhdpd; Vnda efuq;fSf;Fk; ,ij gutyhf;fy;
nra;ag;NghtjhfTk; $wpdhd;.
kl;Lky;yhJ> mjw;F vjpuhf vOk; rfytpjhkhd vjpu;gG
; f;fisAk; jhd;
rkhspf;fj; jahu; epiyapy; ,Ug;gjhfTk; mwptpj;jhd;. mJtiu fhyKk;
mq;F (<uhdpy;) 90 tPjk; \h/gp kj;`g; rhu;e;j K];ypk;fNs tho;e;J te;jdu;
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
<uhdpy; cs;stu;fs; midtUk; \hgp kj;`gpduhr;Nr> mtu;fis vg;gb
,e;jf; nfhs;iff;F ehk; epw;ge;jpf;fyhk;> mJ $lhj eilKiwNa vd \PM
Mypk;fshy; mtd; vt;tsNth cgNjrpf;fg;gl;l NghJk; ,t;thW $wpdhd;.

.. " :
"
32

,td; Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;iffs; rpy

" " yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`;>
K`k;kJu;u#Yy;yh`;> myp typAy;yh`; vd;w thrfq;fSld;> mtdJ
ngau; nghwpj;J ehzak; ntspapl;lik.

%d;W fyPghf;fisAk; kpk;gu;fspy; rgpg;gJld;>

gd;dpuz;L ,khk;fisAk;

vy;iyaw;Wg; GfOk;gb fjPg;khu;fSf;F gzpj;jik>

mtidf;
fZk;Nghnjy;yhk;
w;GWj;;jpaik>

mtDf;F

R[{j;

nra;AkhW

kf;fist

mg;Jy;fhjpu;>
mg+`dP/gh
(u`;)
Nghd;Nwhupd
rkhjpfs;
Jtk;rk;
nra;ag;gl;lNjhL> Rd;dh K];ypk;fspd; kz;ziwfisj; Njhz;b vYk;Gfis
vupf;Fk;gb cj;jutpl;lik> ,J gf;jhjpy; jhuhskhf muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ.
my;kj;`g; my;,khkp (myp ,khkj;jpw;F jFjpahdtu;) vd;w nfhs;ifia
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb Rd;dp K];ypk;fs; gyte;jg;gLj;jg;gl;lik.
,e;j ,];khaPypd; Ml;rpapy; rpy Mz;Lfspy; khj;jpuk; kpy;ypad; Rd;dp
K];ypk;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;Ls;sdu;. <uhdpd; Ml;rpahsu;fs; ,tid
mbnahl;b elg;gjw;F Xu; Kd;Djhuzkhf ,td; nraw;gl;Ls;shd; vd;gNj
cz;ik

,];khaPy; ]/gtpapd; nraw;ghLfSf;F vjpuhf c];khdpa fyP/ghtpd;

gjpyb.
Rd;dp
K];ypk;fs;
,t;thW
nfhLikg;gj;jg;gl;L>
FOkg;gLnfiyf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sij mwpe;j c];khdpa fyP/gh Ry;jhd; KjyhtJ ryPk;
mtu;fs;
fp.gp.
1514y;
ghupa
giliaj;
jahu;
nra;J
<uhf;fpw;F
mDg;gpitj;jhu;fs;. Mwhz;Lfspd; gpd;du; gf;jhj; tpLtpf;fg;gl;lJ. mtdJ
kidtp
rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;lhs;>
<uhf;fpd;
Mf;fpupkpg;ghsu;fs;
nfhiy
tpul;babf;fbf;fg;gl;L> #j;jpujhupfs; nra;ag;gl;ldu;> ,];khaPy; m];]/gtp
ehl;il
tpl;Lk;
jg;gpNahb
Nghu;j;Jf;fy;
rpYitg;
NghuhspfSld;
ifNfhu;j;jhd;> mtdJ gilfs; vfpg;J> g`;iud;> fjP/g; Mfpa gFjpfis
Mf;upkpg;gJ vd;Wk;> mtu;fs; `{u;K];> kw;Wk; gy];jPid Mf;fpupkpj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ vd;Wk; xg;ge;jKk; gz;zpf; nfhz;lhd;. ,ij mwpe;J c];khdpag;
gilfs; ,e;j rjpia cld; Kwpabj;J KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jdu;.

33

<w;wpy; ,];khaPy; jpg;uP]py; kuzj;ijj; jOtpdhd;> mtdJ kfd; j`;kh]g;

m]];]/gtp fp.gp. 1524- y; Ml;rpf;F te;jhd;. ,td;>
c];khdpa fyP/gh ,Ue;j RiykhDy; fhD}dp mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf k[u;>
ek;]h Mfpa ,U ehLfSld; $l;Lr; Nru;e;J jdJ je;ijiag; ghu;f;fTk;
rioj;jtd; ,y;iy vd;gij ep&gpj;jhd;.

:
" " :
" "
" : " "
"
(

) /

muprpay; rhrdk;> ahg;G Kiwikfs;.

khu;f;fk;: ,];yhk;>
my;kj;`g;: my;[/gupa;ah my;,];id m\upa;ah. ,t;thW <uhdpd;
murpay; ahg;G cWjpg;gLfpd;wJ.
cyf nghyp]; fhud; mnkupfhit vjpu;f;Fk; jpwikAk;> ty;iykAk;
cs;stu;fs; ehNk! rpNahdp]j;jpd; vjpupfSk; ehNk vd;W K];ypk; cyFf;F
cuf;ff; $wp> jpiukiwtpy; mtu;fSld; ifNfhu;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; <uhdpd;
epiy gw;wp ,q;F tpgupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
15- 20 kpy;ypad; Rd;dh kf;fisf; nfhz;l <uhdpy; mjd; jiy efupy;
Rd;dpfSf;fhd xU gs;spthry; $l epWtKbahj epiy. khj;jpukpd;wp mjd;
ngUk; efuq;fspYk; ,Nj epiyjhd;.
Mdhy; a+j> fpup];jtu> kw;Wk; ,e;Jf;fs;> k[{]pfSf;nfd jdpahd
kjtopghl;Lj;jyq;fs; mikf;f <uhd; muR mDkjp toq;fp ,Ug;gJ
<uhdpau;fspd; ,];yhj;ij kpfj;Jy;ypakhf tpsf;Ftjhf mikfpd;wJ.
m`;Y];]{d;dh
K];ypk;fspd;
gs;spthry;fis
,bj;J>
mtu;fspd;
kj;u]hf;fisj;;Jtk;rk;
nra;Ak;
topnfl;l
<uhid
cau;j;jpg;
NgRk;
Nrf;FfSk;>
g+f;FfSk;
nfhQ;rk;
,e;jg;gf;fj;ijAk;
Gul;bg;ghu;f;f
flikg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
34

Rd;dh K];ypk;fis
fUtWg;gjpy;
mj;jpahj;ijNa gjpj;Js;sJ.

tuyhW

neLfpYk;

<uhd;

fWg;G

,];yhkp fpyh/gj;jpd; jiy efu; g/jhij tPo;j;jpdu;.

<uhdpau;fs; K];ypk;fspd; vjpupfshfNt ele;J te;Js;sdu; vd;gJ ,d;Wtiu
ep&gpf;fg;gl;l cz;ikfshFk;. ,];yhkpa fyhr;rhu efuk; vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;l
gf;jhj; kq;Nfhypau; ifapy; tPo;tjw;F ,e;jf; nfhba ghtpfNs fhuzkhf
,Ue;jdu;. ,g;Dy; my;fkp vd;w \PM kjf;Nfhl;ghl;lhsdpd; JNuhfk;
gw;wp,g;D f]Pu;> jgup Nghd;w mwpQu;fs; jJ fpuq;jq;fspy; Rl;bf;fhl;b
,Ug;gij tuyhw;iw ek;Gk; ahuhYk; kWf;f KbahJ.

mtdJ jPa topKiwia <uhd; ,d;W nra;J tUfpd;wJ vd;gjw;F E}w;Wf;

fzf;fhf Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd. <uhf; kw;Wk; Mg;fhdp];jhd; Mfpa ehLfis
mnkupf;fg;gilfs; ehrg;gLj;jpl mtu;fSd; jpiukiwtpy; ifNfhu;j;jdu;
vd;gij mtu;fNs cWjp nra;fpd;wdu;.

Mg;fhdp];jhd;>
cjtpaik.

<uhf;

Mfpa

ehLfisj;

jhf;f

mnkupf;fhtpw;F

<uhdpd; rkfhy JNuhfq;fspy; ,J Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;baitahFk;.

cyfpy; ,];yhkpa murpd; jiyikf;F ehNk jFjp ngw;wtu;fs; vd
mq;fyha;j;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ,e;jf; fatu;fspd; epiyiag; ghUq;fs;.
<uhdpd; Kd;dhs; [dhjpgjpahd myp mf;ug; u/g]d;[hdp ngg;utp
vl;lhtJ ehs; <uhd; jiyefu; j`;uhdpy; epfo;j;jpa [{k;Mg; NgUiuapy;

.
<uhdpag; gilfis jhypghd;fd; gilfisf; nfhiy nra;jjhfTk;> mij
mopg;gjw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jjhfTk; Rl;bf;fhl;bJld;> jkJ gilfs;
35

jhypghd;fisf; nfhiy nra;a cjtp ,Uf;fhtpl;lhy;

Mg;fhdpar; rhf;filapy; %o;fp ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;whuuhk;.

mnkupf;fu;fs;

mtu;> njhlu;e;J ciuahw;wpa NghJ <uhdpd; kf;fs; gil ,y;iy vd;why;

jhypghd;fis mkupf;fhtpdhy; tPoj
; ;jp ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;whuhk;.
mjhtJ Mg;fhdp];jhdpy; cs;s MAjjhupfshd M\PMf;fisf; nfhz;L
cjtpNdhk; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;. ,Jjhd; K];ypk; gilfSf;fhf ,tu;fs;
nra;j 21k; E}w;whz;bd; ifq;fupaq;fs;.
2002-02-09

vd;w

gj;jpupifapy;

,e;jr;

nra;jp

ntspapl;bUe;jjJ.

vjpu;fhy rthy;fs; vDk; fUg; nghUspy; If;fpa muG uh[;aj;jpw;fhd

fw;iffs;>
kw;Wk;
Nfe;jpu
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
tha;e;j
Ma;TfSf;Fkhd
ikaj;jpdhy; 2002-01-15md;W
nrt;tha;f; fpoik khiy mg+jhgpapy; Vw;ghL
nra;ag;gl;bUe;j khehl;by; <uhdpa murpd; rl;l> kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;fhd
gpujpj; jiytu; K`k;kj; myp mg;j`p vd;gtu; gpd;tUkhW ciu epfo;j;jpg;
ngUikg;gl;lhuhk;.
mtu; jdJ ciuapy;>

Mg;fhdp];jhd;> kw;Wk; <uhf; Mfpa ehLfSf;F vjpuhd Nghupy; <uhd;

mnkupf;fu;fSf;F
mjpfk;
xj;Jiog;G
toq;fpAs;sij
vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf> <uhdpd; xj;Jiiog;G ,y;iy vd;wpUe;jhy;
fhg+y;> gf;jhj; Mfpa jiy efuq;fs; ,t;tsT ,yFthd Kiwapy;
tPo;e;jpUf;fhJ vd;whuhuhk;.

kpfg;

ngupa

i\jhd;

vd;W

<uhdpau;fNs

mnkupf;fu;fSf;F jhk; ,t;thW cjtpajw;fhf vt;tpj

mnkupf;fh jkf;fspf;ftpy;iy vd;W ftiyg;gl;l mtu;>
36

tu;zpf;fpd;w
fpuaq;fisAk;

,Ug;gpDk;> ehk; jPikapd; gpwg;gplkhf tu;zpf;fg;gLtJ Mg;fhdp];jhDf;F

cjtpajw;fhd ntFkjpahFk;.<uhf;fpd; gpd;du;> mnkupf;fhtpd; jPa kPbahtpd;
jhf;fj;jpw;F cs;shfp ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;whuhk;. muG ehLfid mnkupf;fhtpd;
iff; $yp vd;W tu;zpf;Fk; ngha;au;fspd; epiyjhd; ,J.
muG ehLfspy; ,Ue;J Mg;fhdp];jhid Nehf;fp gwf;Fk; Nghu; tpkhdq;fs;
<hudpd; thd;ntspiaf; fle;Nj nry;y Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbahapd; <uhd; vt;thW
mij mDkjpj;jJ vd;wnjhU Nfs;tp vOfpd;wJ. ntsp Nt\k;jhd; NtW
vd;djhd; gjpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

mknuf;fhtpw;Fk; <uhdpw;Fk; ,ilapy; Ngzg;gLk; kiwKfkhd cwTfs;

gw;wpAk;> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> <uhf; Mfpa ehLfis jhf;Ftjw;F <uhd;
jpiukiwtpy; cjtpaJ gw;wpaJ rt+jpapy; ,Ue;J ntsptUk; my; tjd;
vd;w ehsopjSk;
je;jpUe;jJ.

tpupthd

jfty;ifsj;

khj;jpupkpd;wp> ,ij 2004 Nkkhjk; 24k; jpfjp ntspahd

U.S.A Today vd;w mnkupf;fhtpd; gj;jpiuAk; ,t;thwhd jfty;fis
cWjpg;gLj;jp ,Ue;jJ.

<uhdpd; ntsptpfhu mikr;rUk;> coTj;jfty;fSf;fhd mikr;rUkhd myp

a+D]p vd;gtu; vy;iyfSf;F mg;ghy; vd;w
my;[]Puh njhiyf;fhl;rpapd;
<uhd; ,lkspf;fhJ jhypghd;fSld; njhlu;ghd
neUf;fbfSf;F jPu;itf; nfhz;L tuKbahJ vd;whu;.
Mg;fhdp];jhidj; jfu;g;gjw;F cjtpa <uhd; 500 kpy;ypad; mnkupf;f
nlhyu;fis Mg;fhdpd; cs;sfl;likg;Gg;g gzpfSf;fhf je;Jjtjhf
thf;fspj;jpUe;Jk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fnjhU tp\akhFk;.
,ijg; ghuhl;bg; Ngrpa Mg;fhd; [dhjpgjp <uhidg; Nghd;w kw;wtu;fSk;
jkf;F cjt Kd;tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhu;. ,J gw;wp
37

vd;w gj;jpupf;if ntspapl;bUe;jJ. ,J

jhypghd;fs; kPz;Lk; Ml;rpf;F te;Jtplf;$lhJ vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jNt
toq;g;gl;lJ vd;W ,];yhkpa Ma;thusu;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;.
cyf tiuglj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,];uNtypd; tiuglj;ij Jilj;njwpNthk;; vd
#Siuf;Fk; <uhd; me;j ]pNahdp]f; fOFfSld; NgZk; kiwKfkhd
el;Giwitg; ghUq;fs;. ,tu;fspd; ,e;j fgj;jdj;ij ep&gpf;f gy
Mtzq;fs; cz;L.

KjyhtJ Mtzk;: gpupj;jhdpahtpd; kpl;yd;l; fk;ngdpf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd

tpkhdk; nly;mtPt; (,];Nuhypd; jiy efuk;) ,w;Fk;> <uhdpd; jiy efu;
j`;uhDf;Fk; ,ilapy; mnkupf;f Majq;fisf; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf 1981
[{d; khjk; ehd;fhk; jpfjp mDg;gg;gl;l nlyf;];. ,];uNtyplk; ,Ue;J
Majq;fis <uhd; nfhs;tdT nra;Js;sij ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
,J Fikdp ,];yhkpag; Gul;rp nra;J>
nfhz;bUe;j fhyk; vd;gJ Fwpg;glj;jf;fjhFk;.

<uhf;Fld;

rz;il

nra;J

,uz;lhtJ Mtzk;: vl;Lg;gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l xU Mtzk;. ,J

a+ju;fshd ah$g; ek;&jp> kw;Wk; NfhNyhdPy; Nf> ld;fhk; vd;gtu;fSld;
nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jk;. 1981k; Mz;L [{iy khjk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ.
,jpy;
mnkupf;f nlhyu; ngWkjpahd Majq;fis nfhs;tdT
nra;tJ ,jd; cs;slf;fkhFk;.
nly;mtPtpy; f/gW}y; gpujhd tPjpapy; mike;Js;s (I.B.I) fk;gdpf;Fk;>
<uhdpag; gHJfhg;G mikr;Rf;Fk; ,ilapy; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,jpy;
<uhdpd; gpujpg;ghJfhg;G mikr;ru; fye;J nfhz;lhu;.

%d;whtJ Mtzk;:
,J ,ufrpak; epiwe;jJ. a+jd; a/$g; ek;upf;Fk;>
<uhdpd; ghJfhg;G mikr;rUf;Fk; ,ilapy; nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l xg;ge;jk;.
38

mjpy;> ,];uNtypd; mkp];l;lu;lhk; Jiw Kfj;jpy; ,Ue;J Majq;fisj;

jhq;fptutpUf;Fk; fg;gy; mq;F jahu; epiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ
tpgupf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

ehd;fhtJ Mtzk;: ,];uNtypy; ,Ue;J tUk; Majq;fs; te;jilfpd;w tiu

fl;lisj;jsgjpahd <khd; vd;gtu; <uhf;if jhf;Ftij jhkjg;gLj;JkhW
<uhdpd; gpujpg;ghJfhg;G mikr;rupd; Nfhupf;ifia cs;slf;fpaJ.

Ie;jhtJ Mtzk;: <uhf;Fld; <uhd; Nghu; epWj;jk; nra;tJ gw;wpa

epge;jidfs; mlq;fpa kly;. <uhdpd; fl;lisj; jsgjp <kdp> ,];uNty;
jsgjp ld;fhk; Mfpa ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sg;gl;l ,k;klypy;>
<uhf;fpw;F
vjpuhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
ve;jf;
jhf;FjYk;
,];uNtypd;
Majf;fg;gy;
te;j
gpd;dNu
njhlu
Ntz;Lk;
vd;gjhf
njspTgLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.

MwhtJ Mtzk;: <uhf; K`u;uk; khjj;jpy; Nghu; epWj;jk; Nkw;nfhs;tj <uhd;

tug;gpurhjkhf vLj;J ,];uNtypd; Majq;fs; <uhid te;jilAk; tiu
re;jg;gj;ij eOftplhJ ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W <uhdpd; fl;lisj;
jsgjp <khdp ,];uNtYf;F mDg;gpa ,ufrpa kly;.

VohtJ Mtzk;: ,];uNtyplkpUe;J MAjf; nfhs;tdT nra;tJ gw;wpa

mwpf;if xd;iwj; jahupf;FkhW <uhd; gpujku; ghJfhg;G mikr;ir Ntz;bf;
nfhz;lJ gw;wpaJ.
vl;lhtJ Mtzk;: <uhd; vjpu; Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; murpay;> nghUshjhu neUf;fb
epiyfis vjpu;nfhs;tJ gw;wp tpgupf;Fk; fl;lisj; jsgjpahd <khdp>
,];uNtypy; ,Ue;J Nehju;lhk; tUk; Majq;fs;> mq;fpUe;J gd;ju; mg;gh];
gFjpf;F 1982 Vg;uy; Muk;gg; gFjpapy; vLj;Jr; nry;tJ gw;wpa njspTiu
mlq;fpaJ.
39

xd;gjhtJ Mtzk;: Maj;Jy;yh`; Fikdpapd; neUq;fpa cwtpdu;fspy;

xUtuhd ]hjpf; jg;jghapapd; (gh];Nghl;) flTr; rPl;by; ,];uNtYf;Fs;
gpuNtrpf;f
KbahjhtW
mr;rplg;gl;bUe;jJ.
,tu;
,];uNtypd;
Eiotjw;fhd tp\h toq;FtJ gw;wpaJ. ,tu; <uhd; jsgjpfspd;
J}Jr;
nra;jpfis vLj;Jr; nry;tJld;> ,];uNtypd; nghWg;gjpfhupfis re;jpj;Jg;
Ngr;Rf;fis elj;Jjy; gw;wpaJ.

gj;jhtJ Mtzk;: mg;Nghija <uhd; gpujkuhftpUe;j `{i]d; %]tp

1983k; Mz;L [{iy khjk; nkupf;fhtpd; MAjq;fs; cyfpd; ve;;jg;gFjpapy;
,Ue;jhtJ tutiof;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W <uhdpd; midj;J mur fhupahya
mjpfhufSk; jq;fsJ ,Wjp Kaw;rptiu nryT nra;aAk;gb Ntz;bf;
nfhz;lJ. xt;nthU mjpfhupAk; vt;thW mtw;iwf; nfhz;L khjkhk;
jUtpf;fyhk; vd;gJ gw;wpa gl;baiy jahupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jdu;.
gjpNdhuhtJ Mtzk;: gpuhd;Nfhf; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l nlyf;];.
mJ xU Gjd; fpoik ,];uNtypd; tpkhdk; Rke;J tUk; Majq;fs; gw;wpaJ.
mt; xg;ge;jj;jpy; gpuhf;Nfhf; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; jiuapwq;Fk; tpkhdq;fspy;
njhlu; ,yf;fq;fs; gw;wpa tpguk;. mt;tpkhd gP (B) gpupT 42-20 Mfpa
thapy;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; jupj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ> mNj ,lj;jpypUe;J
MAjg;
ngl;bfis
<uhdpa
tpkhdk;
ifkhw;wpf;
nfhs;Sk;
vd;gJ
tpgupf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
gd;dpnuz;lhtJ
Mtzk;:
,];uNtypd;
ngau;
gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
midj;Jtifahd Majq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; mjd; ngau; jhq;fpa rPy;fisAk;
mfw;Wk;gbahd <uhd; Fbaupd; gpujpf;fl;lisj; jsgjpapd; ,ufrpakhd
fl;lis.
gjpd; %d;whtJ Mtzk;: gpupl;ld; Clhf xUNfhb> 781 kpy;ypad; <uhd;
upahy;fs; ngWkjpahd Aj;j jsghlq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tJ gw;wpaJ.

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40

,e;j a+j ez;gu;fisj;jhd; ,d;W K];ypk;fs; jkJ Njhou;fshfTk;>

mq;fyha;f;fpd;wdu;. ghtk; tuyhW njupahj ,e;j mwpthspfs;. mwpthu;e;j
thjj;ij Kd;itj;J K];ypk;fis vg;NghJ jpUj;Jthu;fNsh njupahJ.

ru;tNjr K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; ClWf;Fk;

Kiw

ru;tNjr uPjpahf gpd;tUk; topKiwfspy; <uhd; K];ypk;fspdlk;

fhy;gjpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wJ.
m`;Yy;igj;jpdiu Nerpg;gjhfg; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy;.
,];uNty;> kw;Wk; mnkupf;fhtpd; vjpuhf ntspg;gilapy; rpj;jupj;jy;.
Rd;dh K];ypk; muGj; jiytu;fspd; ifahyhfhj;jdj;ijAk;> rpNahdp]
rf;jpfis Kwpabf;f Nkw;nfhs;shjpUf;Fk; eltbf;iffisAk; Juk;ghfg;
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;.
mbg;ilf; nfhs;if> Nfhl;ghLfs; NgRNthiu
rpe;jidahsu;fs; vd;w ngha;g; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy;.

t`;`hgp]g; gaq;futhj

kPyhj; tpshf;fisf; Nfhyhfykhf ru;tNjr uPjpahf elhj;jpl jpl;lk;

tFj;J nraw;gly;.
gy];jPd; K];ypk;fs; Ngupy; ePypf;fz;zuP ; tbj;jy;.
,iw epufhupg;ghsu;fSld; kiwKfkhd el;igg; NgZtJld;> nghUshjhu
cjtpfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
#gpa> kw;Wk;k; juPf;fh rpe;jidj; jhf;fk; ngw;w K];ypk;fis <uhDf;F
mioj;J jhk; ey;ytu;fs;> ty;ytu;fs; vd;gJ tpsf;Fjy;.
Nehd;G fhyq;fspy; fhupf;fis gy ehLfSf;Fk; mDg;gp ey;ny ngau;
vLj;jy;.
Rd;dhTf;F vjpuhd muGj;jiytu;fSld; ifNfhu;j;J Rd;dh K];ypk;fis
XLf;Fk;gb Ntz;bf; nfhs;Sjy;.
ngha;ahd ,ufrpaj; jpl;lq;fs; tFj;J nraw;gly;.

41

,yq;ifapy; gutp tUk; \PM rpe;jid

,yq;if <uhd; J}jufk; jkpo; nkhopapy; Kj;jpq;fs; ntspaPlhf 'J}J"
vDk; rQ;rpifia ntspapLfpd;wJ. mjpy; egpj;Njhou;fspd; xU nra;jp $l
kUe;Jf;Fk; fpilahJ. [{d;Jg; nrhd;dhu;> mg+mg;jpy;yh`; nrhd;dhu; vd;w
Gyk;gy;fs;jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
`]d;> `{i]d;> irdg;> k`;jp> m`;Yy;igj; Nghd;w jdpj;jdpg; ngaupy;
,e;jpah ngq;Y}upy; ,Ue;J jUtpf;fg;gl;l \PM rpe;jidf;F mbj;jskpLk;
E}y;fis Kf;fpa rpyUf;F khj;jpuk; tpepNahfpj;jy;.
nfhOk;G <uhd; J}jufj;jpy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s ,khk; [/gu; ]hjpf; epiyak;.

Xl;lkhtb kPuhXil fpuhkj;jpy;mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s

muGf;fy;Y}up>
nghyd;dWit
khtl;lj;jpy;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ']fpa;ah" kfspu; fy;Y}up.

'kd;gTy; `{jh"
khdpf;fk;gpl;bapy;

,q;F fy;tpfw;Fk; khzt khztpfs; Gyikg;guprpy; ngw;W <uhdpw;F

nry;fpd;wdu;. ,jw;fhd epjpAjtp
<uhd; J}jufk; Clhf nra;ag;gLtjhf
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. <uhd; nrd;W tUk;NghJjhd; ,tu;fs; K];jg;]pu;- vd;w
Neu;top ngw;W tUfpd;wdu;.
ntypfk kpNydpak;

ntspaPl;L epWtdk;.

muG
ehLfis
mnkupf;fhtpd;
mbtUbfshf
jpiukiwtpy; \PMap]k; GFj;Jg;gLfpd;wJ.

rpj;jupg;gjd;

Clhf

ngWk; <uhd; J}Jf;FOf;fspd; eltbf;if gw;wp gj;jpupf;iffspy;

ntspapLjy;. ,jw;F tpbnts;sp gj;jpupif xU fskhf gad;gLj;jg;gLtij
mz;ikf;fyhkhf mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ.
',\hmJ m`;yp];]{d;dh"
ntspaplg;gLk; ntw;wp rQ;rpif.

ntspaPl;Lg;

(topNfl;Lg;)

Nguit

%yk;

me;j ntw;Wr; rQ;rpif <uhdpd; ehtpy; NgRtJk;> vOJtJkhdJ jhKk;

jpiwkiwtpy; epd;W nray;gLk; \PMf;Fk;gy; vd;gij cWjp nra;fpd;wdu;.
'jhUy; GD}d;"
vDk; ,tu;fsJ ntspaPl;lfk; <uhf;> rpupah Nghd;w
ehLfspy; 'm`;Yy; igj;" cWg;gdu;fspy;
mlq;fg;gl;Nlhupd; fg;Wfis
mr;rpl;L ntspapl;Ls;sjd; %yk; ,tu;fis ,q;F milahsg;gLj;j KbAk;.
42

 fy;tpg; nghJj;juhju cau;ju tFg;gpy; fw;gpf;fg;gLk; ',];yhkpa ehfupfk;"

ghlj;jpy; KMtpah () mtu;fis ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; khngUk;
Fw;wthspahf rpj;jupj;J fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mtu;fsJ kfd; a]Pij
rz;lhsd;> ,uj;j jhfk; gpbj;jtd; Nghd;w thu;j;ijfshYk; tu;zpg;gij
nrtpkLf;ff; $ajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
`{i]d; () mtu;fisf; nfhiy nra;j ghtp vd;nwy;yhk; xU
]`hgpapd; kfid mJTk; 'vdJ rKjhaj;jpy; if]upd; efuj;ij
(nfh];jd;jPdhit)
ntw;wpnfhs;Sk;
Kjy;gilapdu;
ghtk;
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cs;slq;Fk;
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rpj;jupg;gJ \PM ehfuPfkhfNt ,Uf;f KbAk;. mJ ,];yhkpa ehfuPfkhf
,Uf;f KbahJ.
nfh];jd;jPdhit
ntw;wp nfhz;lJ nfhikdpAk;> mtuJ gilfSkh?
my;yJ KMtpah () mtu;fSk;> mtu;fsJ kfd; a]PJkh? vd;gij
kpNydpak;
ntspaPl;lfj;jhUk;
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Fiwj;J> Rd;dhf; nfhs;ifia rupfhz top nra;Ak; vd;gJ ekJ
fUj;jhFk;.

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uhgpohf;fisg; gad;gLj;jp nra;jpfisg; gjpT nra;tJ $lhJ.

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mtu;fspy; uhgpohf;fspy; (\PMf;fspy;) xU gpuptpdu;. mtu;fs; jkJ kj;`g;
Nfhl;ghl;bw;F mikthf rhl;rp $Wthu;fs;.

u[;M kuzj;jpd; NghJ cau;j;jg;gl;l myp (uop) mtu;fs; g+kpf;F kPz;Lk;

tUthu;fs; vd \PMf;fs; jtwhf ek;gpf;if gw;wp tpku;rpf;Fk; ,khk; ettp
(u`;) mtu;fs; ',JTk; mtu;fspd; Fg;igj; jj;Jtq;fspy; cs;sJk;>
mtu;fspd; mtu;fspd; klikapy; cs;sJk;> Nftyhkhd rpe;jidfspy;
ciwe;J NghdJk;> gytPdkhd mtu;fspd; %isapy; cs;sJkhFk;
vdf;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.

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cs;stu;fshf ,Ue;jpUg;gpd; &`;k; (mrpq;fkhd Njhw;wKs;s) gwit ,dkhf
,Ue;jpUg;gu; vdf; $wptpl;L> mtu;fspy; kpfTk; nfl;ltu;fs; uhgpohf;fNs

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nkhoahjtdplk; \PMtpd; jhf;fk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
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