International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

- *
Primary Study on Macro-hydrophytes and
Their Environment
In Tigris River below Mosul Dam
(1)

May Taha Al-Wattar

*(2)

Basheer Ali Al-Ni'ma

(1&2)

Department of Biology, College of

Sciences, University of Mosul, Iraq
Summary
Construction of Mosul dam on Tigris River and
formation of the lake, north of Nineveh province,
is considered an important environmental
historical event. This event causes significant
changes in the physical, chemical and biological
properties of the river. An example of the
biological changes is the invasion, settlement and
blooming of algae and aquatic plants in the river
below the dam to an extent of being weeds exert
negative effects.
The present study cover about (70) km length
stretch of Tigris River located between Wanah and
Yarimgah villages within Nineveh province. The
aims are: Identification of the macro-hydrophytes
species in addition to the determination of their
environmental features.
Results revealed that the macro-hydrophytes
belong to algae & seed vascular plants. The algae
was represented by (10) species belong to the
following
three
divisions:
Chlorophyta,
Charophyta and Rhodophyta, while the vascular
plants were represented by (15) species among
which (12) species were belong to division
Liliopsida and the rest (3) species belong to
Magnoliopsida. All the (15) seed vascular species
were considered new record for the flora of Tigris
River within Nineveh province.
By comparing results of the present study with the
result of studies that have been achieved before
construction of the dam it becomes clear that the
annual range of water temperature has become
narrower, Turbidity values have been decreased
significantly, Changes in electrical conductivity
values were not clear. A gradual and continuous
increase in concentrations of nitrate & phosphate
has been took place with aging of the lake.
accordingly they are regarded among the main
reasons behind blooming the algae and macrohydrophytes below Mosul Dam.
Kew words: Macro-Hydrophytes, Tigris River,
Mosul dam, Water quality, Environmental history

) 70(

(Chlorophyta) :

( Charophyta)

.(Rhodophyta)

(Liliopsida) ) 12(

.(Magnoliopsida)

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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408
.

( )

( )04

2

( )583

( 14 X 11.11 )

) .(Kharrufa, 1996

( 1983 .)1988

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NTU ( )2443

) (neophytes or alien species

) (invasive plants

( ) ( ).

( .)1

( ) :

( )1998

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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

Guest, & Townsend (1966-1985), Patrick

)(2001) , and Prescott (1962
:

) (APHA,1998
:

( 05-1)

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).(stannous chloride

-1 macro-
hydrophytes

The

) .(Arber, 1920
) (Rzoska, 1980

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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

) water bodies

(Eutrophic

Handel-Mazzitti
( )1418
.

( .)1415

( )

Flora of Baghdad District :

Agnew ( )1421

Flora of Lowland

Iraq Rechinger ( )1428

Flora of Iraq
( )1440-1422

)2005

Guest .

(Al-Mayah,

) .(Seed Vascular Plants

:
) (Chlorophyta
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( )15 ( )4

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)15

) (monocot
) .(dicot
Potamogeton
.
( )1

)Cavalier-Smith (2004
I- DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA Pascher
Cladophora glomerata Ktzing
Enteromorpha sp.
Hydrodyctyon reticulatum (L.) lagerheim
II- DIVISION CHAROPHYTA Cavalier-Smith
Chara fibrosa
Chara globularis
Chara vulgaris
Chara spp.
Nitella tanuissina
Nitella sturtii
III- DIVISION RHODOPHYTA Wettstein
Compsopogon coeruleus (Balb.)Mont.

.

: ) (Algae

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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408
( )2

)2003

(APG II system,

Clade: Angiosperms
Clade monocots
Clade non- commelinoids
1- Family Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton crispus L.
phenotic type of P. crispus L.
P. nodosus poir.
P. pectinatus L.
P. perfoliatus L.
P. pusillus L.
2- Family Ruppiaceae
Ruppia maritimia L.
3- Family Araceae
Lemna gibba L.
Clade commelinoids
1- Family Pontederiaceae
)Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.
Solms
1-Family Cyperaceae
Cyperus sp.
2- Family Poaceae
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.
ex Stend.
3-Family Typhaceae
Typha sp.
1-Family Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllum demersum L.
Clade eudicots
1- Family Ranunculaceae
Ranunculus rionii lagger
Clade core eudicots
1- Family Haloragidaceae
Myriophyllum verticillatum L.

(Guest & Townsend, 1966-

) 1985

( )2

(neophytes or

) alien plants
.

)plants

(invasive

- 2 :Quality of River water

:

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et

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Al-Ni'ma,

.)1982

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(thermal

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( )35
)( (Hypolimnion )
.

(Al-

)Ni'ma et al., 1995 ( .)7551

( 73 )

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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

( 11 .)

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International Journal of Environment & Water

ISSN 2052-3408

( )NTU 801

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.
:

( 334.)S/cm 455

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International Journal of Environment & Water

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( 1445 .)1444

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.
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(2002

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( )7550
.

( Al-Ni'ma,

.)1981

( )

7203 : 2804 /.

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