K

I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M


MC LC

1. Gii thiu chung v polystyrene
2. Qu trnh sn xut polystyrene
2.1. Tinh ch styren
2.2. Cc phng php trng hp styren
2.2.1. S cng ngh sn xut styren bng phng php trng hp
khi.
2.2.2. Trng hp huyn ph
3. Nhn xt chng v hai phng php trng hp
http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
1
1. Gii thiu chung v polistyren.
Poli styren thuc nhm nhit do tiu chun, gm c polystyren, v
poly vinylclorua. Polystyren cng, trong sut vi bng cao polystyren
m chng ta s dng thng thng nht l polystyrene a dng,
polystyrene tiu chun, polystyrene trong hoc polymes styrene.
Di 100
0
C nguyn liu PS ng rn li ging nh thy tinh vi
nng thch hp, tnh cht in mi tt v bn vi nhiu ha cht khi s
dng.
PS c th ti ch v s dng li trong nhiu lnh vc. Nhit nhit
do ca polystyrene khong 80 - 100
0
C nn trong vic ti ch trc tip, ta
ch vic ct v lm vn ra thnh nhng mnh nh sau c nhit do,
em x l ng khun hon tt sn phm. Ngoi ra trong mt s trng
hp ta cn s dng phng php nhit phn hoc phng php phn gii
bi hircrackinh. Sn phm ca qu trnh l monone c s dng nh
nguyn liu u trong cng nghip ha cht du m. iu ny c ngha
quan trng trong vic bo v mi trng.
Mt s yu cu s dng mang tnh khng th thiu nh s cn bng
quang hc tt hn, cng, bn vi ha cht v nhit tt, bn cao
v x l linh hot, mu sc rt ph hp vi polystyrene. V vy n c
ng dng rt rng ri trong thc t. Tuy nhin polystyrene c mt nhc
im rt ln l chng kh gin, v th lm gim mt phn phm vi ng
dng ca n.
Polystyrene cch in rt tt, ngoi ra n cn bn vi kim, axit
khng c tnh oxi ha cng nh du khong v ancol nn c coi l vt
liu cch in l tng. Polystyrene cch in tt vi c in th c tn s
cao nn c th dng bc nhng ng dy dn in cao th hoc dng
lm cp ngm (Polystyrene bn vi axit, kim).
http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
2
Mt lng ng k polystyrene dng lm bt xp chng va p
cho cc in t. Polystyrene c dng cho nhiu ngnh cng nghip
nh cng nghip in t (v my, cc chi tit cho my thu hnh, radio),
cng nghip lnh do tnh cch nhit cao ca polystyrene xp (t lnh, my
lnh, bn gh chu lnh), cng nghip ch to xe c (v ve, v my) v
dng cho dn dng (bao gi, chi tr em). u im ni bt ca
polystyrene l chng rt a mu so vi cc loi polyme khc v gi thnh
sn phm cng thp hn so vi nhiu loi polime khc. iu ny cng
gii thch mt phn v sao polystyrene c s dng rng ri trong thc
tin.
2. Qu trnh sn xut polystyrene.
2.1. Tinh ch Styrene.
Styren dng sn xut l loi styrene th cn ln nhiu tp cht.
V vy tinh ch styren l mt khu quan trng trong vic sn xut
polystyrene. Cc tp cht trong styren c th l etyl benzen, cumen,
xylen. Nu trong styren cn ln nhiu ethyl benzen th n vn tip tc bay
hi t polystyrene, gy ra hin tng rn nt polyme. Nc c ln trong
styren cng lm polystyrene c v lm gim in mi. Cc tp cht ethyl
benzen, cumen, xylen lm phn t khi polystyrene khng ng u lm
nh hng n tnh nng c l ca sn phm. V vy chng ta cn tinh
ch styren n tinh khit hn 99,6% mi em i trng hp.
Styren th c tinh ch bng chng cht phn m sau khi c
trn vi cc cht c ch polyme ha styren nh hiro quinon, P-tec -
bytyl pirocac tenon)
2.2. Cc phng php trng hp styren.
Trong thc t styren c trng hp theo hai phng php l trng
hp khi v trng hp nh tng bi v trng hp khi th polystyrene c
http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
3
tinh khit cao cn trng hp nh tng th polyme c phn t khi
ng u nhau.
2.2.1. S cng ngh sn xut styren bng phng php trng hp
khi.




1.2. Thng phn ng
c trng hp trc
3. Thp trng hp.
4. My p.

http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
4
Styren em trng hp khng cn pha long thnh dung mi.
Styren c bm vo thng phn ng khuy mt c gia nhit
trng hp trc theo kiu khng lin tc n chuyn ha khong 40%
sau c dn xung thp phn ng 3 trng hp tip n chuyn ha
100% kiu lin tc. Sn phm phn ng c p v to ht. cho giai
on trng hp th hai thc hin lin tc, ngi ta phi dng hai thng
phn ng giai on trng hp trc.
Styren hoc dung dch cao su styren ty theo lng nh dung mi
v ng ng dn dung mi ti l phn ng phi chc chn, khu vc
phn ng thc t c t 2-5 l phn ng. L phn ng trng hp hin i
khc quan tm ti phng php loi b nhit trng hp (71 KJ/mol)
phn t khi ng u hn v s trn cht polystyrene ha nng chy.
Bn trong thng phn ng t ng lin tc, nhit b loi b bi dng
chy ngc. Nhit ca qu trnh polime c tn dng styren bc hi.
Monome (styren) th kh c ngng t trong bnh ngng c b mt ln
v quay li l phn ng. My khuy m leo, thit b y hoc dy xon
c s dng. Nhit ca l phn ng l thng s quan trng nht nh
hng ti khi lng phn t php lut v nh vy s nh hng ti tnh
cht ca sn phm. V vy n c kim sot bi s thay i p lc nhit
si ca styren trong thng. Thng thng nhit ca l phn ng t
100-170
0
C tng ng vi p lc 0,2 - 5 bar.
Thp phn ng c trang b thit b cn tr c bit vi dng tc
nhn lnh loi b nhit trng hp. Nhng khu vc c nhit khc
nhau c th c b tr trong l phn ng iu chnh nhit bng tc
nhn lm lnh. Thp phn ng cng c trang b my khuy mi cho.
http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
5
i khi, nhng l phn ng hnh ng on nhit c s dng cho
nhng s chuyn i ln, iu kin nhit bn ngoi cha c s
dng.
Polystyrene ra khi l phn ng c thnh phn 70 - 90%. Monome
v dung mi phn ng c loi b bi nhng bc ngn s bay hi hoc
my c mng mng. Polyme c cho vo thit b phn tn, bnh t
nng ni c thnh phn d bay hi, nu chy ri bm ra ngoi, p v
to ht sn phm phn ng.
2.2.2. Trng hp huyn ph:
1. Thng cha styren
2. Thng ch cht bo v keo c my khuy
3. Thng cha cht khi mo c my khuy
4. B phn o lu lng cht khi mo.
5. Thng phn ng.
6. B phn lc
7. B phn sy.
Trong huyn ph, phn ng styren c phn tn trong nc kch
thc nh ri. Vic trng hp c tin hnh 70 - 90
0
C nn cn cht
khi mo. Styren v cht khi mo c a vo thng phn ng 5 trong
thi gian 11 - 15 gi, khi phn ln styren tham gia phn ng trng
hp hiu sut chuyn cao hn ta nng tip nhit ln 90 - 120
0
C.
Cht bo v keo c th l poly vinyl ancol, phot pht kim th hoc
cellulse. Nitrin hoc initrin
Qu trnh trng hp xy ra trong cc git monome. Phng php
ny thc cht tng t trng hp khi. S khc nhau l cc monome c
phn tn trong nc, nhit phn ng c iu ha bng mi trng nc
nn khng sy ra hin tng tng nhit cc b v vy khi lng phn t
c phn b hp.
http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
6
2.2.3. C ch ca qu trnh trng hp.
a. Phn ng khi mo:
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3

NC - C - N = N - C - CN 2NC - C
*
+ N
2

CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
(R
*
)
CH
3
CH
3

NC - C
*
+ CH
2
= CH NC - C - CH
2
- C
*
H
CH
3
C
6
H
5
CH
3
C
6
H
5
(R
*
1
)
b. Phn ng pht trin mch:
R
*
1
+ CH
2
= CH R
1
- CH
2
- C
*
H
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
(R
*
2
)
R
*
2
+ CH
2
= CH R
2
- CH
2
- C
*
H
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
(R
*
3
)
.
R
*
n-1
+ CH
2
= CH R
n
- CH
2
- C
*
H
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
(R
*
n
)
c. Phn ng ngt mch.
Phn ng ngt mch c th sy ra theo 2 cch.


http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
7
- Ngt mch lin hp:
~ CH
2
- C
*
H + CH
2
- C
*
H ~ CH
2
- CH - CH - CH -
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5

- Ngt mch bt cn i:
~ CH
2
- C
*
H + C
*
H - CH
2
~ ~ CH = CH + CH
2
- CH
2
-
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5
C
6
H
5

http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
8
3. Nhn xt chung v hai phng php trng hp
- Phng php trng hp khi: sn phm c phn b khi lng
tng i rng nn nh hng xu ti cht lng polyme, trng hp
trung bnh khong 3000. Polime thu c kh tinh khit, t monome, b
mm khi nhit qu 80
0
C. Do khng dng cht khi mo v dung mi
nn khng tn nng lng tch dung mi nhng vic gii ta nhit ca
phn ng l rt kh khn.
- Phng php trng hp huyn ph: sn phm c phn b khi
lng tng i hp nn nng cao cht lng sn phm do c th khng
ch nhit ca phn ng. Nh vy ta c th khng ch c khi lng
phn t polime nh khng ch nhit . Polime thu c cng tng i
tinh khit do thc t ht polime c tnh k nc nn d lm kh sn phm.
ng thi cn c th cn mu lun trong qu trnh trng hp.
Mt khc ta thy thit b ca trng hp huyn ph n gin hn nn
s dng kinh t hn nn trng hp huyn ph dn c thay th trong qu
trnh sn xut styren.
Ngy nay ci thin mt cch ng k tnh cht c l ca
polystyrene ngi ta dng phng php ng trng hp vi cc monome
khc nh acrylonetrin, butadien - 1, 3 ngi ta ch to c nhiu sn
phm c tnh nng c l cao nh tnh chu nhit, chu mi mn nn
nng cao c kh nng ng dng ca sn phm.
http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN
K
I
L
O
B
O
O
K
S
.
C
O
M
9
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. http://www.cci.edu.vn/userFiles/doc/21-10-06-Dich-thuan.doc
2. Ho k thut T
2
(Quyn c).
3. Ha hc cc hp cht cao phn t - Ng Duy Cng

http://kilobooks.com
TH VI EN I EN TTRC TUYEN