B Xy dng

--------
cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam
c lp - T do - !nh ph"c
#$% &'/2005/Q-
BXD
----------
H ni, ngy 10 thng 1 nm 2005
()y*t +,nh ca - t./ng B Xy dng
V vic ban hnh TCXDVN30 ! 200" #C$ng tc t%&c '(a t%)ng *+y
,-ng c$ng t%.nh / 012 c32 ch2ng #
- t./ng B Xy dng
- Cn c Ngh nh s 36 / 2003 / N-CP ngy 4 / 4 / 2003 ca
ChYnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t
chc ca B Xy dng.
- Xt ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh .
0)y*t +,nh
i1) 23 Ban hnh klm theo quyt nh ny 0l Tiu chun xy
dng Vit Nam :
TCXDVN 309 : 2004 " Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng
trnh - Yu cu chung ".
i1) 43 Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau l5 ngy, k t ngy
ng cng bo.
i1) 53 Cc ng Chnh vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng
ngh v Th trng cc n v c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh
Quyt nh ny ./.
B t./ng - xy dng
Ni nhn:
- Nh iu 3
- VP ChYnh Ph
- Cng bo k
- B T php
- V Php ch
- Lu VP&V KHCN
Ng)y6n 7ng
()n
T8X9VN 5&:% 4&&'
Bi;n <o!n l=n 2
c>ng t?c t.@c +,a
t.ong xy dng c>ng t.Anh - y;) c=) ch)ng
Surveying in construction. General requirements
Ni -4&&'
BCi nDi +=)
Tiu chun TCXDVN 309 : 2004 " Cng tc trc a trong xy dng
cng trnh - Yu cu chung " quy nh cc yu cu k thut v o vl
bn a hnh t l ln v trc a cng trnh, c B Xy dng
ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 04/2005/Q-BXD ngy l0 thng l nm
2005.
EFc lFc
T;n
+1 mFc
Ni d)ng T.ang
BCi nDi +=) 2
l Phm vi p dng 3
2 Tiu chun trYch dn 3
3 K hiu dng trong tiu chun 3
4 Quy nh chung 3
5 Kho st trc a a hnh thit k cng trnh 5
5.l c im v yu cu chung v bn t l ln 5
5.2 Li khng ch o vl bn t l ln 8
6 Li khng ch thi cng l0
7 Cng tc b trY cng trnh l2
8 Kim tra kYch thc hnh hc v o vl hon cng l6
9 Cng tc o ln, o chuyn dch nh v cng
trnh
l7
9.l Nhng quy nh chung v o ln v o chuyn
dch
l7
9.2 Cng tc chun b trc khi o l9
9.3 Cc phng php o ln, o chuyn dch nh v
cng trnh
l9
9.3.l Cc phng php o ln cng trnh l9
9.3.2 Cc phng php o chuyn dch ngang ca cng
trnh
l9
9.3.3 Phng php o nghing cng trnh 20
9.3.4 o vt nt cng trnh 2l
l0 Ghi chp lu gi h s 2l
Ph lc A Cc s li b trY cng trnh trn mt bng xy
dng
22
PhB Dung sai cho php v trc a khi lp ghp cc kt
cu b tng ct thp c sn nh cng nghip
24
Ph lc C Dung sai cho php v trc a khi lp ghp cc kt
cu thp
26
Ph lc D Mt s my ton c in t thng dng Vit Nam 27
Ph lc E Phn cp cc my thu bnh thng dng Vit Nam 29
Bi;n
<o!n l=n 2
Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng trn ! "#u c$u
cung.
Surveying in construction. General requirements.
23 Gh!m Hi ?p dFng
Tiu chun ny qui nh cc yu cu k thut v o vl bn a hnh
t l ln v trc a cng trnh, cung cp cc d liu chun xc dng
trong thit k v thi cng xy lp, kim nh, gim st cht lng cc cng
trnh xy dng. Tiu chun ny thay th cho TCVN 3972-85.
43 Ti;) ch)In t.Jch dKn
- TCXDVN 27l: 2002. Qui trnh k thut xc nh ln cng trnh dn
dng v cng nghip bng phng php o cao hnh hc.
- Tiu chun ngnh: 96 TCN 43-90. Qui phm o vl bn a hnh t l
l:500; l:l000; l:2000; l:5000; (phn ngoi tri).
- Tiu chun ngnh 96 TCN 42-90. Quy phm do vl bn a hnh t l
l:500; l:l000; l:2000; l:5000; l:l0000; l:25000; (phn trong nh).
53 LM hi) dNng t.ong ti;) ch)In
GPS H thng nh v ton cu;
S
h
S hiu chnh do cao mt t v mt chiu;
m
P
Sai s trung phng v trY im;
m
H
Sai s trung phng o cao;
h Khong cao u ca ng ng mc;
lch gii hn cho php;
t H s c trng cho cp chYnh xc;
m Sai s trung phng ca mt i lng o;

t
Dung sai ca cng tc trc a;

Xl
Dung sai ca cng tc xy lp.
' . ()y +,nh ch)ng
4.l Cng tc trc a l mt khu cng vic quan trng trong ton b cc
cng tc kho st, thit k, thi cng xy lp cng trnh trn mt bng xy
dng. Chng phi c thc hin theo mt cng hoc phng n k
thut c ph duyt v ph hp vi tin chung ca cc giai on kho
st, thit k, xy lp, nh gi n nh v bo tr cng trnh
4.2 Cng tc trc a phc v xy dng cng trnh gm 3 giai on chYnh:
a. Cng tc kho st trc a - a hnh phc v thit k cng trnh, bao
gm : thnh lp li khng ch mt bng v cao phc v cho vic o vl
bn t l ln , lp bo co nghin cu kh thi v thit k k thut thi
cng.
b. Cng tc trc a phc v thi cng xy lp cng trnh, bao gm: thnh
lp li khng ch mt bng v cao phc v b trY chi tit v thi cng
xy lp cng trnh. Kim tra kYch thc hnh hc v cn chnh cc kt
cu cng trnh. o vl hon cng cng trnh.
c. Cng tc trc a phc v quan trc bin dng cng trnh, bao gm:
thnh lp li khng ch c s, li mc chun v mc kim tra nhm xc
nh y , chYnh xc cc gi tr chuyn dch, phc v cho vic nh
gi n nh v bo tr cng trnh.
Ba cng on trn c lin quan mt thit vi nhau v cn phi c thc
hin theo mt trnh t qui nh.
4.3 Vic xc nh ni dung v quy m cng tc kho st o c a hnh, yu
cu chYnh xc thnh lp li khng ch thi cng v ni dung quan trc
chuyn dch cng trnh l nhim v ca t chc thit k.
-
-
Vic tin hnh kho st o c - a hnh, thnh lp li khng ch phc
v thi cng v vic t chc quan trc chuyn dch cng trnh l nhim
v ca ch u t.
Cng tc o c b trY cng trnh kim tra cht lng thi cng xy lp
cng trnh v o vl hon cng l nhim v ca n v xy lp.
4.4 Ta v cao dng o c kho st trc a - a hnh, thit k, thi
cng xy lp cng trnh phi nm trong cng mt h thng nht. Nu s dng
h to gi nh th gc to phi c chn sao cho to ca tt c cc
im trn mt bng xy dng u c du dng, nu s dng to quc
gia th phi s dng h ta VN2000 v kinh tuyn trc c chn sao cho
bin dng chiu di ca cc cnh khng vt qu l/50000, nu vt qu th phi
tYnh chuyn. Mt chiu c chn trong o c xy dng cng trnh l mt
c cao trung bnh ca khu vc xy dng cng trnh. Khi hiu s cao
mt t v mt chiu < 32m th c th b qua s hiu chnh S
h
, nu ln
hn th phi tYnh s hiu chnh do cao.
4.5 Tiu chun nh gi chYnh xc ca cc i lng o trong xy dng l sai
s trung phng. Sai s gii hn c ly bng 2 ln sai s trung phng.
4.6 phc v xy dng cc cng trnh ln, phc tp, v cc nh cao tng n v
thi cng phi lp phng n k thut bao gm cc ni dung chYnh nh sau:
-
-
-
-
Gii thiu chung v cng trnh, yu cu chYnh xc ca cng tc trc
a phc v thi cng xy dng cng trnh, cc ti liu trc a a
hnh c trong khu vc.
Thit k li khng ch mt bng v cao (a ra mt s phng n v
chn phng n ti u).
T chc thc hin o c.
Phng n x l s liu o c.
Phng n x l cc vn phc tp nh cn chnh phng, thng
ng ca
-
cc thit b, o kim tra cc khu vc quan trng vv...
S b trY v cu to cc loi du mc.
4.7 Trc khi tin hnh cc cng tc trc a trn mt bng xy dng cn nghin
cu tng bnh cng trnh, kim tra cc bn vl chi tit sl s dng cho vic
b trY cc cng trnh nh: khong cch gia cc trc, khong cch tng th, to
v cao ca cc im v c s ph duyt ca b phn gim st k
thut ca ch u t.

4.8 i vi cc cng trnh ln c dy chuyn cng ngh phc tp v cng trnh cao
tng cn phi s dng cc my mc thit b hin i c chYnh xc cao nh
my ton c in t, my thu chun t cn bng c b o cc nh v mia
invar, my chiu ng,.... thnh lp li khng ch c th s dng cng
ngh GPS kt hp vi my ton c in t. Tt c cc thit b s dng u
phi c kim tra, kim nghim v hiu chnh theo ng cc yu cu trong
tiu chun hoc qui phm chuyn ngnh trc khi a vo s dng.
O3 LhPo <?t t.@c +,a +,a hAnh phFc HF thi*t Q* c>ng t.Anh
O32 Rc +iSm H y;) c=) ch)ng H1 -Pn +7 tT l lUn3
5.l.l Trn khu vc xy dng hoc qui hoch xy dng thng o vl bn t l
t
l: 200; l: 500 n l: 5000.
5.l.2 Da vo ngha v mc Ych s dng bn t l ln c th phn chia
thnh hai loi:
-
-
Bn a hnh t l ln c bn: Thnh lp theo cc qui nh chung
ca c quan qun lY nh nc gii quyt nhng nhim v a hnh
c bn. Ni dung th hin theo qui nh ca qui phm hin hnh.
Bn a hnh chuyn ngnh: Ch yu l loi bn a hnh cng
trnh. Loi bn ny c thnh lp di dng bn v mt ct c
chi tit cao, dng lm ti liu c s v a hnh, a vt phc v cho
kho st, thit k xy dng v s dng cng trnh.
5.l.3 Cc phng php ch yu c s dng thnh lp bn a hnh:
-
-
-
o vl lp th v o vl tng hp bng nh.
o vl trc tip ngoi thc a bng phng php ton c, ton c in
t hoc kinh v kt hp o cao b mt.
Bn a hnh c th vl trn giy hoc th hin di dng bn s.
Ni dung ca bn ny c lu gi di dng tp d liu v dng a
hnh, a vt, to cao.
5.l.4 Ni dung ca bn a hnh t l ln cn th hin cc yu t sau:
ng ng mc v cao ca tt c cc im c trng, (yu t a
hnh);
Nh ca v cc cng trnh xy dng, giao thng, h thng thu li, ng
ng, ng dy cao th, in thoi, h ao, sng ngi... v cc hin tng a
cht quan st c nh cc hin tng t gy, st l, cct v.v.... Mc chi
tit ca bn tu thuc vo mc khi qut ho theo tng t l.
5.l.5 chYnh xc, chi tit v y ca bn a hnh t l ln c
qui nh nh sau:
- chYnh xc ca bn a hnh c c trng bi sai s trung phng
tng hp ca v trY mt bng v cao ca im a vt v a
hnh v c qui nh l :
m
P
= 0.3 mm i vi khu vc xy dng;
m
P
= 0.4 mm i vi khu vc Yt xy dng;
m
H
=
1
3
1
4

h

trong :
h - khong cao u ca ng ng mc.
i vi cng tc thit k, sai s v trY im tng h gia cc a vt
quan trng khng c vt qu 0.2 mm x M (M l mu s t l bn ).
chi tit ca bn a hnh c c trng bi mc ng dng
ca cc yu t biu din trn bn so vi hin trng ca chng trn
mt t.
Bn t l cng ln, mc chi tit i hi cng cao. Sai s do khi
qut a vt r nt i vi bn t l ln khng c vt qu 0.5 mm x M
y ca bn c c trng bi mc dy c ca cc i
tng cn o v c th biu din c trn bn , n c biu th bng
kYch thc nh nht ca i tng v khong cch nh nht gia cc i t-
ng thc a cn c biu din trn bn .
5.l.6 Vic la chn t l bn o vl cho khu vc xy dng c qui nh
nh sau:
T l bn a hnh cng trnh c xc nh tu thuc vo cc yu t
nh:
-
-
-
-
Nhim v thit k phi gii quyt trn bn
Giai on thit k
Mc phc tp ca a vt, a hnh
Mt ca cc ng ng, dy dn...
Trong c tYnh n yu cu v chYnh xc, chi tit v y
ca bn , cc phng php thit k v b trY cng trnh.
- Giai on lp lun chng kinh t k thut v thit k s b cn c bn
t l
l: l0000, hoc l: 5000.
- Giai on thit k quy hoch chi tit, thit k k thut, cn s dng cc
loi bn sau:
a
.
Bn t l l: 5000, h = 0.5m l.0m c dng thnh lp bn c
s, tng bnh khu vc thnh ph, cng nghip, thit k n khu
vc xy dng;
b
.
Bn t l l:2000, h= 0.5m l.0m c dng thit k k thut
cng trnh cng nghip, dn dng, thu li, h thng ng dn, bn vl thi
cng ti tiu;
- Giai on thit k k thut thi cng cn cc loi bn sau:
a
.
Bn t l l: l000, h = 0.5m c dng thit k thi cng cng trnh
khu vc cha xy dng, tng bnh khu vc xy dng thnh ph,
thit k chi tit cng trnh ngm, thit k qui hoch, san lp mt
bng;
b
.
Bn t l l: 500, h = 0.5m c dng thit k thi cng cng trnh
thnh ph, khu cng nghip, o vl hon cng cc cng trnh;
c.
Bn t l l: 200, h = 0.2m 0.5m c dng thit k thi cng
cng trnh c din tYch nh nhng i hi chYnh xc cao, o vl hon
cng cng trnh.
5.l.7 Khong cao u ca bn a hnh c xc nh da vo cc yu t
sau:
- Yu cu thit k v c im cng trnh;
- chYnh xc cn thit v cao v dc ca cng trnh;
- Mc phc tp v dc ca a hnh;
- Trong trng hp thng thng, khong cao u c chn nh sau:
h = 0.2 m ; 0.5 m cho t l l: 200 ; l: 500, vng ng bng;
h = 0.5 m cho t l l: 500 ; l: l000 vng ni;
h = 0.5 m l.0m cho t l l: 500 ; l: l000 vng ng bng;
l: 2000 ; l:5000 vng ni;
h = 2.0 m cho t l l: 2000 ; l: 5000 vng ni.
5.l.8 Ngoi vic th hin ni dung bn trn giy m phng hin trng b
mt t theo cc phng php truyn thng nh ni trn, cc ni dung ca
bn cn c th hin di dng tp d liu trong cc thng tin v mt
t nh ta , cao ca cc im khng ch, im chi tit a hnh,
a vt c biu din di dng s v thut ton s l chng gii quyt
cc yu cu c th. Loi bn ny c gi l bn s.
5.l.9 thnh lp bn s cn c 2 phn ch yu:
- Phn cng gm cc my ton c in t, my tYnh in t v my vl
bn .
- Phn mm chuyn dng thnh lp bn c ci t vo my tYnh
in t.
5.l.l0 Cc s liu ban u thnh lp bn s c th c o c trc tip
trn mt t, thu thp d liu bng phng php o nh hoc o trn bn
.
- Phng php o c trc tip trn mt t thu thp cc d liu v to
, cao cc im chi tit bng my ton c in t t ghi chp s
liu sau trt vo my tYnh bin vl bn bng cc phn mm
chuyn dng. y l phng php c hiu qu kinh t v t c chYnh
xc cao.
- Phng php o nh thu thp cc d liu ban u l phng php c
hiu qu kinh t cao nht. Sau khi chnh l cp nh, tin hnh o cc
im c trng ca a hnh, a vt, t ng xc nh ta ,
cao v m ho c trng ca cc im . Trong my vi tYnh cc s liu
c trng sl c x l v a v h ta thng nht theo yu cu.
chYnh xc ca bn s gn nh ph thuc hon ton vo chYnh xc
ca s liu ban u. V vy khi s dng phng php ny th chYnh
xc ca bn s ph thuc vo chYnh xc o nh v t l nh.
- Phng php o trn bn thng c s dng trong giai on lp lun
chng kinh t k thut hoc thit k s b cng trnh c yu cu
khng cao v chYnh xc thnh lp bn . Do vy c th thnh lp
bn s da vo s liu o trn bn a hnh t l ln nht c.
Cch lm nh vy gi l s ho bn .
5.l.ll H thng phn mm chuyn dng thnh lp bn s bao gm:
- Phn mm x l s liu li khng ch khu vc o vl: Phn mm ny
dng s l s liu o ngoi nghip, bao gm gii m, hiu chnh tr
o, bnh sai trm my, t ng xp xp im v thnh lp cu trc s
liu mng li, tYnh
s hiu chnh chiu hnh cho cc tr o, tYnh ta gn ng cho
cc im, tYnh ton bnh sai v.v...
- Phn mm bin tp hnh
Cc s liu sau khi np vo my tYnh th cn c vo cc loi m ca n
c th t ng hnh thnh bn . Nhng do tYnh cht phc tp ca bn
a hnh, bn mi c hnh thnh khng th trnh khi sai st.
Do cn phi dng hnh thc giao din ngi - my, tin hnh gia
cng, bin tp. Phn mm bin tp hnh bao gm: hnh thnh bn
, bin tp, chuyn sang my vl bn , chuyn sang my in.
- Phn mm bin vl cc k hiu v ghi ch trn bn a hnh : Phn
mm ny bo m ch hnh v vl cc k hiu, ng nt v cc kiu
s, kiu ch.
- Phn mm vl cc ng ng mc: Cn c vo cc im a hnh t
ng ni suy, vl ng ng mc v t ng ghi ch cao.
- Phn mm s ho bn a hnh: Phn mm ny bo m vic
chuyn bn a hnh t l ln hin c qua my s ho thnh bn
s, bao gm c ta im cc yu t ca bn , chuyn i v lu
ta , biu th hnh, to s thng nht gia s liu o thc a
v s liu s ho bn c thnh lp bn s.

O343 BUi Qh$ng ch* +o HV -Pn +7 tT l lUn
5.2.l


C s trc a o vl bn t l ln l li trc a nh nc cc cp
hng v li khng ch o vl.
Trn khu vc thnh ph v cng nghip li trc a c thit k phi
m bo cc ch tiu sau:
- chYnh xc ca mng li khng ch cp trn phi m bo cho vic
tng dy cho cp di nhm tho mn yu cu o vl bn t l ln nht
v cc yu cu ca cng tc b trY cng trnh.
- Mt im khng ch phi tho mn cc yu cu ca t l cn o
vl.
- i vi khu vc nh nn s dng h ta c lp (gi nh);
5.2.2 S cp hng ca mng li tu thuc vo din tYch khu vc o vl v c
qui nh theo bng l, hoc m bo chYnh xc tng ng.
5.2.3 Mt im khng ch gm cc im tam gic hng V, ngchuyn
cp l, cp 2 o vl bn ahnh t l l/l000 l/2000 Yt nht l
4 im /km
2
trung bnh t 8 im l2 im/ l km
2
; o vl bn
t l l/500 mt im khng ch c th ln ti l5 im l8 im /
lkm
2
tu theo mc xy dng ca khu vc.
5.2.4 C s cao c xy dng di dng cao hng , , V. Li hng c
thnh lp khu vc rng c chu vi ln hn 40 km, chiu di tuyn gia
cc im nt khng ln hn l0 km. Li c tng dy bng cc tuyn
cao hng . Chiu di tuyn hng c b trY gia cc im hng
khng c vt qu l5 km; chiu di gia cc im nt khng vt qu 5 km.
Li hng c tng dy bng cc tuyn cao hng V. Chiu di tuyn
b trY gia cc im hng v khng c qu 5 km. Chiu di tuyn
gia cc im nt khng c qu 23 km. Cc im hng V cch nhau
400m 500 m khu vc xy dng v l km khu vc cha xy dng.
BPng 2 - 9in tJch Qh) Hc +o HV
H c?c cWp h!ng ca m!ng lUi Qh$ng ch*

9in tJch
+o HV
XQm
2
Y
Lh$ng ch*
cZ </
Lh$ng ch*
+o HV

ERt -[ng
BUi
nh nUc
T\ng
d=y
cao ERt -[ng cao
200
50 200
l0 50
5 l0
2.5 5
l 2.5
<l
, , V
, V
V
V

l.2
l.2
l.2
l.2
l.2
2
-
, , V
, , V
, V
V
V
V
Tam gic
nh, ng
chuyn
kinh v
Thu
chun
k thut
x
5.2.5 Li khng ch o vl mt bng thng c thnh lp di dng tam gic nh, -
ng chuyn kinh v hoc giao hi gc, cnh. i vi khu vc cha xy dng,
khi o vl bn t l l: l000 v l: 2000 cn thnh lp t l2 n l6 im
khng ch o vl cho l km
2
din tYch. nhng khu vc xy dng cn tin
hnh kho st thc a xc nh s lng im khng ch cho ph hp. Sai
s v trY im khng ch o vl so vi im khng ch c s gn nht
khng c vt qu 0.l mm trn bn i vi vng quang ng; 0.l5 mm trn
bn i vi vng rm rp. Chiu di cnh ca li khng ch o vl c th
thay i theo yu cu v mt im v kh nng thng hng gia cc
im khng ch lin quan. Sai s trung bnh v trY mt bng ca cc a
vt c nh, quan trng so vi im khng ch o vl gn nht khng vt qu
0,3mm trn bn ; i vi a vt khng quan trng khng vt qu 0,4mm trn
bn .
5.2.6. cao ca cc im thuc li khng ch o vl thng c xc nh bng ph-
ng php thu chun k thut di dng o cao hnh hc hoc o cao lng
gic. Sai s cao ca im khng ch o vl so vi im cao c s gn
nht khng c vt qu l/l0 khong cao u vng ng bng v l/6 khong
cao u vng ni.
5.2.7. Khi o vl khu vc xy dng cn s dng bn cc loi t l l: 200; l:
500 l: l000 v s dng cc phng php sau y o vl chi tit:
- Phng php ta cc;
- Phng php giao hi gc, cnh;
- Phng php ta vung gc.
5.2.8. Khi o vl khu vc cha xy dng cn s dng cc bn t l l: 500 ; l:
l000 l: 2000 ; l: 5000 v s dng cc phng php sau y o vl chi tit:
Phng php ton c;
- Phng php o cao b mt.
5.2.9. Cc ch tiu k thut c th v vic lp li khng ch, o vl chi tit v thnh
lp bn cc loi t l c tham kho trong cc tiu chun ngnh v qui phm
96 TCN 43-90, 96 TCN 42-90, ca Cc o c v Bn , B Ti nguyn v
mi trng
]3 BUi Qh$ng ch* thi c>ng
6.l. Li khng ch thi cng l mt mng li gm cc im c to c xc nh
chYnh xc v c nh du bng cc mc kin c trn mt bng xy dng v
c s dng lm c s b trY cc hng mc cng trnh t bn vl thit k ra
thc a. Li khng ch thi cng c xy dng sau khi gii phng v san lp
mt bng.
6.2. Trc khi thit k li khng ch thi cng cn nghin cu k bn thuyt minh v
nhim v ca cng tc trc a, yu cu chYnh xc cn thit i vi vic
b trY cng trnh, phi nghin cu k tng mt bng cng trnh chn v
trY t cc mc khng ch sao cho chng thun tin ti a trong qu trnh s
dng v n nh lu di trong sut qu trnh thi cng xy lp cng trnh.
6.3. H to ca li khng ch thi cng phi thng nht vi h to dng trong
cc giai on kho st v thit k cng trnh. Tt nht i vi cc cng trnh c
quy m nh hn l00 ha nn s dng h to gi nh, i vi cng trnh c
quy m ln phi s dng h to Nh nc v phi chn kinh tuyn trc hp l
bin dng chiu di khng vt qu l/50.000 (tc l < 2mm/l00m), nu
vt qu th phi tYnh chuyn
6.4. Khi im khng ch ca li c trn khu vc xy dng khng p ng c yu
cu th c th chn ta l im v phng v mt cnh ca li c lm s
liu khi tYnh cho li khng ch mt bng thi cng cng trnh.
6.5. Tu thuc vo mt xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh v iu kin trang
thit b trc a ca cc n v thi cng li khng ch phc v thi cng c
th c cc dng chYnh nh sau:
a.
b.
c.
Li vung xy dng: L mt h thng li gm cc nh to nn cc hnh
vung hoc cc hnh ch nht m cnh ca chng song song vi cc trc
to v song song vi cc trc chYnh ca cng trnh. Chiu di cnh hnh
vung hoc hnh ch nht c th t 50m l00m; l00m 200m; 200m
400 m.
Li ng chuyn a gic;
Li tam gic o gc cnh kt hp.
6.6. S bc pht trin ca li khng ch mt bng thi cng nn b trY l 2 bc:
Bc l l li tam gic hoc ng chuyn hng V. Bc 2 l li ng chuyn cp
l. i vi cc hng mc cng trnh ln v i tng xy lp c nhiu cp chYnh
xc khc nhau c th pht trin ti a l 4 bc: Bc l l li tam gic hoc ng
chuyn hng V. Bc 2 l li ng chuyn cp l.Bc 3 l li ng chuyn cp
2 v bc 4 l li ng chuyn ton c.
6.7. Cn c vo yu cu chYnh xc b trY cng trnh chn mt cc im
ca li khng ch. i vi cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip mt ca cc
im nn chn l l im/2 ha 3 ha. Cnh trung bnh ca ng chuyn
hoc tam gic t 200m n 300m. i vi li khng ch mt bng phc v xy
dng nh cao tng, mt cc im phi dy hn. S im khng ch mt
bng ti thiu l 4 im.
6.8. Li khng ch cao phc v thi cng cc cng trnh ln c din tYch l00 ha
c thnh lp bng phng php o cao hnh hc vi chYnh xc tng i vi
thu chun hng nh nc . i vi cc mt bng xy dng c din tYch < l00
ha li khng ch cao c thnh lp bng phng php o cao hnh hc vi
chYnh xc tng ng vi thu chun hng V nh nc . Li cao c thnh
lp di dng tuyn n da vo Yt nht hai mc cao cp cao hn hoc to
thnh cc vng khp kYn. Cc tuyn cao phi c dn i qua tt c cc
im ca li khng ch mt bng. Li khng ch mt bng v cao cn
phi c c tYnh chYnh xc mt cch cht chl theo nguyn l s bnh phng
nh nht. Trnh t nh gi v kt qu nh gi c nu trong cng hoc
phng n k thut v phi c ph duyt trc khi thi cng.
6.9. c trng v chYnh xc ca li khng ch mt bng v cao phc v xy
lp cng trnh c ghi trong bng 2;
Cc mc phi c t v trY thun li cho vic t my v thao tc o
c v c bo qun lu di s dng trong sut mt thi gian thi cng xy
lp cng nh sa cha v m rng sau ny. Khi t mc nn trnh cc v trY c
iu kin a cht khng n nh, cc v trY yu cu cc thit b c ti
trng ng ln, cc v trY gn cc ngun nhit.
V trY cc mc ca li khng ch mt bng phc v thi cng phi c nh
du trn tng bnh xy dng .
6.l0. Vic thnh lp li khng ch mt bng phc v thi cng xy lp cng trnh l
trch nhim ca ch u t. Vic thnh lp li phi c hon thnh v bn giao
cho cc nh thu chm nht l 2 tun trc khi khi cng xy dng cng trnh.
H s bn giao gm:
-
-
-
-
S li khng ch mt bng v cao (vl trn nn tng bnh mt
bng ca cng trnh xy dng);
Kt qu tYnh ton bnh sai li khng ch mt bng;
Kt qu tYnh ton bnh sai li khng ch cao;
Bng thng k to v cao ca cc im trong li.
S ha v trY cc mc ca li khng ch khi bn giao phi lp bin bn v
c ch k ca c bn giao v bn nhn. Mu bin bn bn giao ti liu c lp
theo quy nh trong tiu chun ngnh 96 TCN 43-90.
BPng 4 - #ai <$ t.)ng phZng Qhi lp lUi Qh$ng ch* thi c>ng

8Wp
chJn
h
Rc +iSm
ca +$i t^ng xy l@p
#ai <$ t.)ng phZng
Qhi lp lUi
x?c

o
gDc
X_Y
o
c!nh
Xt` lY
o ch;nh
cao t.;n
2Qm th)`
ch)In
XmmY
l 2 3 4 6
l XY nghip, cc cm nh v cng
trnh xy dng trn phm vi ln
hn l00 ha, tng ngi nh v
cng trnh ring bit trn din
tYch ln hn l00 ha
3" l/25000 4
2 XY nghip, cc cm nh v cng
trnh xy dng trn phm vi nh
hn l00 ha, tng ngi nh v
cng trnh ring bit trn din
tYch t lha n l0ha.
5" l/l0000 6
3 Nh v cng trnh xy dng trn
din tYch < lha . ng trn mt
t v cc ng ng ngm trong
phm vi xy dng.
l0" l/5000 l0
4 ng trn mt t v cc ng
ng ngm ngoi phm vi xy
dng.
30" l/2000 l5

a3 8>ng t?c -$ t.J c>ng t.Anh
7.l Cng tc b trY cng trnh nhm mc Ych m bo cho cc hng mc cng
trnh hoc cc kt cu ring bit c xy dng ng theo v trY thit k. Tu
theo iu kin c th v li khng ch phc v b trY v trang thit b ca
nh thu, c th s dng phng php to vung gc, phng php to cc,
phng php ng chuyn ton c, phng php giao hi hoc phng php tam
gic khp kYn thc hin vic b trY cng trnh. Cc s ca l i b trY
cng trnh trn mt bng xy dng v nh cao tng c th tham kho ph lc
A.
7.2 Trc khi tin hnh b trY cng trnh cn phi kim tra li cc mc ca l i khng
ch mt bng v cao.
7.3 Trnh t b trY cng trnh c tin hnh theo cc ni dung sau:
- Lp li b trY trc cng trnh;
- nh v cng trnh;
- Chuyn trc cng trnh ra thc a v gic mng cng trnh;
- B trY cc trc ph ca cng trnh da trn s cc trc chYnh c b trY ;
- B trY chi tit cc trc dc v trc ngang ca cc hng mc cng trnh;
- Chuyn trc v cao ln cc tng xy lp;
- B trY cc im chi tit ca cng trnh da vo bn vl thit k;
- o vl hon cng.
7.4 T chc thit k cn giao cho nh thu cc bn vl cn thit, gm:
-
-
-
-
Bn vl tng mt bng cng trnh;
Bn vl b trY cc trc chYnh ca cng trnh (c ghi kYch thc, to giao
im gia cc trc);
Bn vl mng ca cng trnh (cc trc mng kYch thc mng v su);
Bn vl mt ct cng trnh (c cc kYch thc v cao cn thit).
Trc khi tin hnh b trY cng trnh phi kim tra cn thn cc s liu thit
k gia cc bn vl chi tit so vi mt bng tng th, kYch thc tng phn v
kYch thc ton th. Mi sai lch cn phi c bo co cho c quan thit k
xem xt v chnh sa.
7.5 Yu cu chYnh xc b trY cng trnh tu thuc vo:
- KYch thc ca hng mc;
- Vt liu xy dng ;
- TYnh cht;
- Hnh thc kt cu;
- Trnh t v phng php thi cng xy lp.
7.6 b trY cng trnh cn phi s dng cc my mc, thit b c chYnh xc
7.7
ph hp. TYnh nng k thut ca mt s my thng dng c nu trong phn ph
lc D v ph lc E. Trc khi a vo s dng cc my cn phi c kim nghim
theo ng yu cu ca qui phm v Tiu chun Ngnh do Cc o c v Bn
B Ti nguyn v mi trng ban hnh.
Cc sai s o c khi lp li b trY trc bn ngoi v bn trong to nh hoc
cng trnh v sai s ca cc cng tc b trY khc c chia thnh 6 cp chYnh xc
tu thuc vo chiu cao v s tng ca to nh, cc c im v kt cu,
vt liu xy dng, trnh t v phng php thi cng cng trnh. Sai s trung ph-
ng cho php khi lp li b trY cng trnh c nu bng 3.
7.8 Sai s chuyn ta v cao t cc im ca li trc c s ln cc
tng
thi cng c nu bng 4.
BPng 5 - #ai <$ t.)ng phZng Qhi lp lUi -$ t.J c>ng t.Anh
8Wp
chJnh
x?c
Rc +iSm ca c?c to
nhb c?c c>ng t.Anh H
Q*t cW) xy dng
#ai <$ t.)ng phZng Qhi lp c?c lUi
-$ t.J t.Fc H <ai <$ ca c?c
c>ng t?c -$ t.J Qh?c
o
c!nh

o
gDc
XY
X?c +,nh
ch;nh cao t!i
t.!m m?y
XmmY
l 2 3 4 5
Cp l Cc kt cu kim loi c
phay cc b mt tip
xc ; cc kt cu b tng
ct thp c lp ghp
bng phng php t nh
v ti cc im chu lc;
cc cng trnh cao t l00m
n l20m hoc c khu
t 30m n 36m.
1
15000 .
5 l
Cp
2
Cc to nh cao hn l5
tng; cc cng trnh c
chiu cao t 60m n
l00m hoc c khu t
l8m n 30m.
1
10 000 .
l0 2
Cp 3 Cc to nh cao t 5 tng
n l5 tng; cc cng
trnh c chiu cao t l5m
n 60m hoc c khu
di l8m.
1
5000
20 2,5
Cp 4 Cc to nh cao di 5 tng;
cc cng trnh c chiu
cao < l5m hoc c khu
< 6m.
1
3000
30 3
Cp 5 Cc kt cu g, cc li cng
trnh, cc ng x, cc -
ng dn ngm.
1
2000
30 5
Cp 6 Cc cng trnh bng t
(trong k c cng tc
quy hoch ng)
1
1000
45 l0
BPng ' - #ai <$ t.)ng phZng ch)ySn t.Fc H + cao
l;n c?c mRt -[ng xy l@p
Cc sai s Chiu cao ca mt bng thi cng xy
dng (m)
< l5 l560 60l00 l00l20
Sai s trung phng chuyn 2 2,5 3 4
cc im, cc trc theo ph-
ng thng ng (mm)
Sai s trung phng xc
nh cao trn mt
bng thi cng xy dng so
vi mt bng gc (mm)
3 4 5 5
x
7.9 chuyn to t mt bng c s ln cc mt bng lp rp trn cao c
th s dng cc phng php:
- S dng my kinh v (i vi cc nh < 5 tng);
- S dng my chiu ng; phng php ta bng my ton c in t.
- S dng cng ngh GPS.
Vic chuyn to t mt bng c s ln cc mt bng lp rp Yt nht
phi c thc hin t 3 im to thnh l gc vung hoc mt ng thng
c th kim tra kt qu chuyn to . Nu s dng my chiu ng th
phi cc l ch c kYch thc khng nh hn l50mm xl50mm. Ti mi v trY
phi thc hin vic chiu t 3 hoc 4 v trY bn ngang ca my cch
nhau l20
0
(hoc 90
0
) v ly v trY trung bnh ca cc ln chiu (trng tm
ca tam gic u hoc ca hnh vung) to thnh c chn lm v trY cui
cng s dng . Nu n v thi cng c my kinh v in t v kYnh
ngm vung gc th c th s dng chng nh my chiu ng chuyn
to t mt bng c s ln cc mt bng lp rp trn cao.
7.l0 Trong qu trnh thi cng cn phi tin hnh kim tra chYnh xc
ca cng tc
b trY cng trnh da vo cc im c s trc a. Cc lch gii
hn cho php
ca cng tc b trY cng trnh c tYnh bng cng thc :

= t.m
( 6.l)
Trong :
t - c gi tr bng 2; 2,5; 3 v c n nh trc trong bn thit
k xy
dng hoc bn thit k cc cng tc trc a, tu thuc vo tYnh
cht quan trng v
mc phc tp ca tng cng trnh.
m - sai s trung phng c ly theo bng 3 v 4.
7.ll Khi bit trc gi tr dung sai xy lp cho php ca tng hng mc
cng trnh c
th xc nh c dung sai ca cng tc trc a theo nguyn tc
cn bng sai s:


td
xl
=
3

(6.2)
trong :

t
- l dung sai ca cng tc trc a ;

xl
- l dung sai ca cng tc xy lp;
S 3 - l ch 3 ngun sai s trong xy lp : Sai s do trc
a, sai s do ch
to, thi cng cu kin; sai s do bin dng.
i vi cc cng trnh xy dng i hi chYnh xc cao cn c phng
n ring
tYnh dung sai v cng tc trc a.
c3 LiSm t.a QJch thUc hAnh hdc H +o HV hon c>ng
8.l. Trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp cng trnh cc nh thu (Tng thu v cc
nh thu ph) phi tin hnh o c kim tra v trY v kYch thc hnh hc
ca cc hng mc xy dng. y l cng on bt buc ca qu trnh xy
dng v kim tra cht lng sn phm.
8.2 Cng tc kim tra cc yu t hnh hc bao gm:
a
.
b
.
c.
Kim tra v trY ca cc hng mc, cc kt cu ring bit v h thng k
thut so vi cc tham s trong h s thit k.
o vl hon cng v trY mt bng, cao, kYch thc hnh hc ca cc
hng mc, cc kt cu sau khi hon thnh giai on lp rp.
o vl hon cng h thng k thut ngm (thc hin trc khi lp)
8.3 Vic o c kim tra v o vl hon cng phi c thc hin bng cc my
mc, thit b c chYnh xc tng ng vi cc thit b dng trong giai on
thi cng. Tt c my mc ny u phi c kim nghim m bo yu cu
v cht lng theo Tiu chun Ngnh 96 TCN 43-90.
8.4 Cc yu t cn kim tra trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp, phng php, trnh t
v khi lng cng tc kim tra phi c xc nh trc trong phng n k thut thi
cng cc cng tc trc a phc v xy dng cng trnh .
8.5 Danh sch cc hng mc quan trng, cc kt cu v cc khu vc cn o vl
hon cng khi kim tra nghim thu do n v thit k xc nh.
Vic kim tra cc kYch thc hnh hc k c o vl hon cng cng trnh trong
tt c cc giai on thi cng xy dng cng trnh do cc nh thu thc hin.
8.6 V trY mt bng v cao ca cc hng mc, cc cu kin hoc ca cc
phn ca to nh hay cng trnh v thng ng ca chng, v trY cc bu
lng neo, cc bn m cn phi c xc nh t cc im c s b trY hoc cc
im nh hng ni b. Trc khi tin hnh cng vic cn kim tra li xem cc
im ny c b x dch hay khng.
8.7 chYnh xc ca cng tc o c kim tra kYch thc hnh hc v o vl hon
cng khng c ln hn 0.2 dung sai cho php ca kYch thc hnh hc c cho
trong cc tiu chun chuyn ngnh hoc trong h s thit k. Trong trng hp
cng trnh c xy dng theo cc ti liu thit k c cc dung sai xy dng v
ch to khng c trong qui phm hoc tiu chun chuyn ngnh th trong ph-
ng n k thut v cng tc trc a cn phi tin hnh c tYnh chYnh xc
theo cc cng thc c c s khoa hc.
8.8 Kt qu o c kim tra kYch thc hnh hc ca cc cng trnh v o vl hon
cng phi c a vo h s bo co np cho c quan t vn gim st v ch u
t.
8.9 Da vo kt qu o vl hon cng cng trnh v h thng cng trnh ngm
ca cng trnh lp bn vl hon cng. T l ca bn vl hon cng c ly
bng t l ca tng bnh hoc t l bn vl thi cng tng ng. Trong trng
hp cn thit cn phi lp bng k to ca cc yu t ca cng trnh v
phn ph lc.
8.l0 Cc s v cc bn vl hon cng lp ra theo kt qu o vl hon cng sl c
s dng trong qu trnh bn giao v nghim thu cng trnh v l mt phn
ca h s ti liu bt buc phi c nh gi cht lng xy lp cng trnh.
8.ll Dung sai cho php v trc a khi lp gip cc kt cu b tng ct thp c
sn nh cng nghip v dung sai cho php khi lp ghp cc kt cu thp
nu ph lc B v ph lc C
:3 8>ng t?c +o l"nb +o ch)ySn d,ch nh H c>ng t.Anh
:32 Nheng 0)y +,nh ch)ng H1 +o + l"n H +o ch)ySn d,ch
9.l.l Vic o ln, o chuyn dch nn nh v cng trnh, cn c tin
hnh theo mt chng trnh c th nhm cc mc Ych sau:
- Xc nh cc gi tr ln, chuyn dch tuyt i v t ng i
ca nn nh
v cng trnh so vi cc gi tr tYnh ton theo thit k ca chng;
-
-
-
-
Tm ra nhng nguyn nhn gy ra ln, chuyn dch v mc nguy
him ca chng i vi qu trnh lm vic bnh thng ca nh v
cng trnh trn c s a ra cc gii php nh hp nhm phng ng
cc s c c th xy ra;
Xc nh cc thng s c trng cn thit v n nh ca nn
v cng trnh;
Lm chYnh xc thm cc s liu c trng cho tYnh cht c l ca
nn t;
Dng lm s liu kim tra cc phng php tYnh ton, xc nh cc gi
tr ln, chuyn dch gii hn cho php i vi cc loi nn t
v cc cng trnh khc nhau.
9.l.2 Cng vic o ln v o chuyn dch nn mng ca nh v cng
trnh c tin hnh trong thi gian xy dng v s dng cho n khi t
c n nh v ln v chuyn dch. Vic o chuyn dch
trong thi gian s dng cng trnh cn c tin hnh khi pht hin thy
cng trnh xut hin cc vt nt ln hoc c s thay i r nt v iu
kin lm vic ca nh v cng trnh.
9.l.3 Trong qu trnh o chuyn dch nh v cng trnh cn phi xc nh
(c lp hoc ng thi) cc i lng sau:
- Chuyn dch thng ng( ln, vng, tri);
- Chuyn dch ngang( chuyn dch);
- nghing;
- Vt nt.
9.l.4 Vic o ln v chuyn dch cng trnh c tin hnh theo cc trnh
t sau:
- Lp cng hoc phng n k thut;
- La chn thit k cu to cc loi mc chun v mc quan trc;
- Phn b v trY t mc c s mt bng v cao;
- Gn cc mc o ln hoc o chuyn dch cho nh v cng trnh;
- S dng my o cc gi tr ln, chuyn dch ngang v
nghing.
- TYnh ton s l s liu v phn tYch kt qu o.
9.l.5
.
Cc phng php o ln, o chuyn dch ngang v nghing nu
trong cng hoc phng n k thut c chn tu thuc vo yu cu
chYnh xc ca php o, c im cu to ca mng, c im
v a cht cng trnh, a cht thu vn ca t nn, kh nng ng
dng v hiu qu kinh t ca phng php.
9.l.6
.
Vic xc nh s b chYnh xc o ln, o chuyn dch ngang -
c thc hin ph hp vi cc gi tr ln v chuyn dch ngang d
tYnh theo thit k c nu bng 5.
Da trn c s sai s cho php o chuyn dch bng 5 xc
nh chYnh xc ca cc cp o; khi khng c cc s liu d tYnh
theo thit k th vic la chn cc cp o da vo c im ca nn
t v tm quan trng ca cng trnh theo bng 6;
Cp l: o ln v chuyn dch ngang ca nh v cng
trnh c xy dng trn nn t cng v na cng (thi gian s dng
trn 50 nm), cc cng trnh quan trng, cc cng trnh c ngha c
bit.
BPng O - #ai <$ +o ch)ySn d,ch +$i HUi c?c giai +o!n
xy dng H <f dFng c>ng t.Anh
n v tYnh
bng mm
gi? t., tJnh to?n + l"n
H
+ ch)ySn d,ch ngang
d
tJnh thho thi*t Q*
giai +o!n
xy dng
giai +o!n <f dFng
c>ng t.Anh
Bo!i +Wt n1n
8?t Wt <it 8?t Wt <it
l 2 3 4 5
< 50
50 l00
l00 250
250 500
500
l
2
5
l0
l5
l
l
2
5
l0
l
l
l
2
5
l
l
2
5
l0

Cp 2: o ln v chuyn dch ngang ca nh v cng trnh c
xy dng trn nn ct, t st v trn nn t c tYnh bin dng cao, cc
cng trnh c o xc nh cc nguyn nhn h hng.
Cp 3: o ln v chuyn dch ngang ca nh v cng trnh c
xy dng trn nn t p, nn t yu v trn nn t b nn mnh.
BPng ] - #ai <$ giUi h!n +o ch)ySn d,ch H + chJnh x?c
ca c?c cWp +o
n v tYnh
bng mm
chJnh x?c
ca c?c cWp +o
#ai <$ +o ch)ySn d,ch3
l"n ch)ySn d,ch ngang
l
2
3
l
2
5
2
5
l0
:343 8>ng t?c ch)In -, t.Uc Qhi +o
9.2.l Cng tc chun b trc khi o ln: Cng tc chun b trc khi o ln
bng phng php o cao hnh hc c nu trong TCXDVN 27l: 2002.
9.2.2 Cng tc chun b trc khi o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing: Trc khi
o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing nh hoc cng trnh cn xy dng
li cc mc chun. Cc mc chun ny c coi l n nh so vi mt
phng nm ngang ca cc chn ct v c th s dng cc im ny
t chn my chiu ngc theo tng cao ca cc im cn o. So snh
s chnh lch gia cc khong cch ngang ca cc im o sl xc nh c
gi tr chuyn dch ngang hoc nghing ca cng trnh theo tng hng
cc cao khc nhau.
9.2.3 Trong qu trnh o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing cn phi tin hnh
nh gi n nh ca li mc chun theo mi chu k.
:35 8?c phZng ph?p +o + l"nb +o ch)ySn d,ch nh H c>ng t.Anh
:3532 8?c phZng ph?p +o + l"n c>ng t.Anh3
9.3.l.l Khi o ln ca nh v cng trnh c th s dng l trong cc phng php
sau:
-
-
-
-
Phng php o cao hnh hc;
Phng php o cao lng gic;
Phng php o cao thu tnh;
Phng php chp nh.
9.3.l.2 Phng php s dng ph bin o ln nh v cng trnh l phng
php o cao hnh hc. Quy trnh k thut o v xc nh ln theo
phng php ny c nu trong TCXDVN 27l: 2002.
:3534 8?c phZng ph?p +o ch)ySn d,ch ngang ca c>ng t.Anh
9.3.2.l o ln nh v cng trnh c th s dng ring bit mt trong cc ph-
ng php sau hoc s dng kt hp mt s phng php sau:
- Phng php hng chun;
- Phng php o gc - cnh.
- Phng php o gc - cnh.
9.3.2.2 o chuyn dch ngang theo phng php hng chun thc cht l o
khong cch t cc im kim tra n mt phng thng ng (hng
chun) ti cc thi im khc nhau bng phng php o gc nh hoc ph-
ng php bng ngm di ng.
9.3.2.3 Trong trng hp khng th thnh lp c hng chun quan trc chuyn
dch ngang cn s dng mt trong cc phng php sau:
- Phng php giao hi gc, giao hi cnh hoc giao hi gc cnh;
- Phng php tam gic;
- Phng php ng chuyn a gic.
9.3.2.4
Sai s gii hn cho php khi o chuyn dch ngang c quy nh nh sau:
lmm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn gc; 3mm i vi cng trnh
xy dng trn nn t ct, t st v cc loi t chu nn khc; 5mm
i vi cc loi p t chu p lc cao; l0mm i vi cng trnh xy
dng trn nn t p, t bn chu nn km v l5mm i vi cng
trnh bng t p.
-
-
Yu cu chYnh xc khi o chuyn dch ngang i vi cc cng trnh
c bit c tYnh ton ring trn c s thit k k thut v cng ngh
ca tng cng trnh;
Trong trng hp cha xc nh trc c hng chuyn dch ca cng trnh
th phi quan trc theo hai hng vung gc vi nhau.
:35353 GhZng ph?p +o + nghi;ng c>ng t.Anh
9.3.3.l chYnh xc cn thit khi o nghing cng trnh ph thuc vo loi
cng trnh, chiu cao, chiu di ca cng trnh.
Sai s cho php o nghing ca cc cng trnh khng c vt qu quy
nh sau y:
-
-
-
i vi nn b mng ln, my lin hp: 0,0000l L
i vi tng ca cc cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng : 0,000lH
i vi ng khi, thp, ct cao: 0,0005 H
trong :
L - chiu di ca nn b;
H - chiu cao ca cng trnh.
9.3.3.2 Tu theo iu kin c th ca khu vc, chiu cao ca cng trnh v
chYnh xc cn thit la chn cc phng php o nghing sau y:
- Phng php ta ;
- Phng php o gc ngang;
- Phng php o gc nh;
- Phng php chiu ng;
- Phng php o khong thin nh nh.
:353' o H*t njt c>ng t.Anh
9.3.4.l Vic o c h thng s pht trin ca cc vt nt ngay t khi chng xut
hin trn kt cu nh v cng trnh nhm nh gi cc c trng v bin
dng v mc nguy him i vi qu trnh s dng cng trnh.
9.3.4.2 Khi o vt nt theo chiu di cn tin hnh theo cc chu k c nh, nh
du v trY v ngy quan trc.
9.3.4.3 Khi o vt nt theo chiu rng cn phi s dng cc dung c hoc thit
b chuyn dng, nh du v trY v ngy quan trc ca cc chu k.
9.3.4.4 Khi chiu rng ca vt nt ln hn l mm cn phi o chiu su ca n.
2&3 ghi chip l) gie h7 <Z
l0.l Cc ti liu o c, tYnh ton v bn a hnh t l ln phc v
cho quy hoch
thit k k thut thi cng xy lp cng trnh phi c lu gi di dng
bo co
k thut, bn a hnh in trn giy v bn s.
l0.2 Cc ti liu h s v li khng ch thi cng, li b trY cng trnh v cc
cng tc
trc a cng trnh khc phc v cho thi cng, xy lp, o vl hon
cng v quan
trc chuyn dch cng trnh phi c tng hp, bo co, nghim thu,
bn giao cho
ch u t lu gi trong qu trnh xy dng v s dng cng trnh.
GhF lFc k
(Tham kho)
8?c <Z +7 lUi -$ t.J c>ng t.Anh t.;n mRt -[ng xy dng
H.nh 451- Li vung xy dng
H.nh 452- Li bao quanh theo ch gii xy dng
H.nh 453- Li a gic trung tm
H.nh 45" / Li b trY bn ngoi nh
H.nh 455- Li b trY bn trong nh
GhF lFc B
(Tham kho)
9)ng <ai cho phip H1 t.@c +,a Qhi l@p ghip c?c Q*t cW) -; t>ng
c$t thip +"c <ln nh c>ng nghip
Ni d)ng 9)ng <ai XmmY
Nh mt
t=ng
Nh nhi1)
t=ng
l 2 3
lch ca trc chn mng i vi trc thit
k
l0 l0
Sai v cao ca y mng i vi thit k 20 20
Sai v kYch thc bn trong (chiu di, chiu
rng ca chn mng).
20 l5
Sai v v trY cc bu lng ging trn mt bng l0 l0
Sai v cao u trn bu lng ging so vi
thit k
20 20
lch ca ng tim ct ti tit din di so vi
trc b trY
5 5
lch ca ng tim ct so vi ng thng
ng tit din trn , khi chiu cao H ca ct:
Di 4,5m l0 l0
T 4,5 n l5m l5 l5
Trn l5m 0,00l H nhng
< 35mm
Sai v cao nh ct ca mi t lp (l2l2n)
n: th t ca
t lp
Sai v cao mt ta ca dm cu chy l0 l0
Sai v cao cc mt ta khc trn ct nh ca
gi t, ca cng son hn vo ct trc khi lp
ct, nu chiu cao ct:
Di l0m
Trn l0m
l5
25
l0
l5
Sai v cao ca gi t ca cng son hn sau
khi lp ct, nu chiu cao ct:
Di l0m
Trn l0m
5
8
5
8
lch trc panen tng vch tit din di i
vi trc thit k 5 5
nghing ca mt phng panen tng vch so
vi ng thng ng ( tit din trn)
5 5
Chnh lch v cao mt ta ca panen tng
v vch trn lp va
l0
GhF lFc B - XQ*t th"cY
Ni d)ng 9)ng <ai XmmY
Nh mt
t=ng
Nh nhi1)
t=ng
l 2 3
Sai v cao trn mt dm cu chy ti 2 ct
gn nhau trn hng ct v ti 2 ct trong mt
phng ct ngang khu
l5
Sai v khong cch gia cc trc ca ng ray
trong mt khu
l0
Sai lch gia trc ca ng ray v trc ca l5
dm cu chy
Sai lch ca trc ng ray so vi ng thng
trn mt on di 40m
l5 l5
Sai v cao ca nh ng ray trong mt
ct ngang khu :
Ti gi ta
Ti gia khu
l5
20
Sai lch v cao ng ray t trn cc ct
ln cn trong cng mt hng (L - khong cch
gia cc ct)
0,00ll
nhng khng
qu l0mm
Sai lch tng h ca cc u ng ray k
nhau theo chiu cao v trong mt phng.
2
GhF lFc 8
(Tham kho)
9)ng <ai cho phip H1 t.@c +,a Qhi l@p ghip c?c Q*t cW) thip
Ni d)ng 9)ng <ai XmmY
Nh mt
t=ng
Nh nhi1)
t=ng
l 2 3
lch ca trc ct so vi trc thit k (
tit din di)
5
lch ca trc so vi ng thng ng (
tit din trn), khi ct:
Di hoc bng l5m l5
Trn l5m l/l000 chiu
cao ca ct
nhng khng ln
qu 35mm
vng ca ct ( cong ca ct) l/750 chiu
cao ca ct
nhng khng
qu l5mm
Sai v cao mt ta ca ct so vi cao
thit k
5
Sai v cao ch ta ca dn v dm 20
cong (vng ) ca cc on thng trong
cnh chu nn so vi mt phng ca dn
hoc dm
l/750 chiu
di on nhng
khng qu
l5mm.
Sai phm v khong cch gia hai ng trc
ca 2 dn ti thanh cnh thng
l5
Sai phm v khong cch gia 2 x g 5
GhF lFc 9
(Tham kho)
Et <$ m?y ton +!c +in tf th>ng dFng / Vit Nam
9323 8?c m?y ton +!c +in tf + chJnh x?c t.)ng -Anh X<f dFng +S -$
t.J c>ng t.Anh .a thc +,ab +o QiSm t.a H, t.J H QJch thUc hAnh hdcb +o
HV hon c>ngY
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
o gDc o c!nh
T.dng l-
^ng
QJch th-
Uc
ghi
ch"

phn
giPi
-n +
##TG +o
gDc
ngangm+j
ng
##TG
+o
c!nh
T=m
ho!t
+ng
xa nhWt
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TC
307
Leica
Thu S
l" 7"/7" -Ch

chun
(2mm
2ppm
)
- Ch

nhanh :
(5mm
2ppm
).
3 km
i vi
thi tit
trung
bnh
TC 307
c ch
o
khng g-
ng di
80m v
o laser
c gng
xp x
5000m
TC
305
Leica
Thu S
l" 5"/5"
(2mm
2ppm
);
(5mm
2ppm
).
-nt- -nt-
SET5
E
(,S)
SKKA
Nht Bn
l" 5"/5" (5mm
3ppm
).
2000m
3 gng
5,5 kg
236
xl93x
l50
Mi sn
xut
Poer
SEll00
c tYnh
nng t-
ng t
0TM
350
NKN
Nht Bn
l" 5"/5"
(5mm
5ppm
).
2000m 3,5kg
l56x
l60 x
350
GTS-
6E
TPCN
Nht
Bn
l" 5"/5" (3mm
3ppm
).
2000m
3 gng
5,9kg
9343 8?c m?y ton +!c +in tf chJnh x?c X<f dFng +S +o c?c lUi Qh$ng
ch* mRt -[ngY
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
o gDc o c!nh
T.dng l-
^ng
QJch th-
Uc
ghi
ch"

phn
giPi
-n +
##TG +o
gDc
ngangm+jn
g
##TG
+o c!nh
T=m
ho!t
+ng xa
nhWt
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TC
303
Leica
Thu S
l" 3"/3" (2mm
2ppm)
3000 m TC
303 c
ch
o
khng
gng
SET2
B
SKKA
Nht Bn
l" 2"/2"
(2mm
2ppm).
4200 m l0kg
DTM
750
NKN
Nht Bn
l" 2"/2"
(2mm
2ppm).
3500m
GTS-4
TPCN
Nht Bn
l" 2"/2"
(2mm
2ppm)
3700m 5,9kg
9353 8?c m?y ton +!c +in tf + chJnh x?c cao X<f dFng +S +o c?c lUi
Qh$ng ch* cD + chJnh x?c cao H 0)an t.@c -i*n d!ng c>ng t.AnhY
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
o gDc o c!nh ghi ch"

phn
giPi
-n +
##TG +o
gDc
ngangm+jn
g
##TG
+o c!nh
T=m
ho!t
+ng
xa nhWt
l 2 3 4 5 6 7
TCA
2003
TC
2003
Leica
Thu
S
-nt-
0,l"
0,l"
l"/l"
l"/l"
(lmm
lppm)
-nt-
2,5 km
n
3,5 km
-nt-
o t
ng
500m,
chYnh
xc 2mm
n
3mm
o t
ng
200m,
chYnh
xc
n
lmm
GhF lFc n
(Tham kho)
Ghn cWp c?c m?y th)` -Anh th>ng dFng / Vit Nam
n323 8?c m?y th)` -Anh cD + chJnh x?c t.)ng -Anh X <f dFng +S -$ t.J
c?c +iSm thho + cao t.;n c?c c>ng t.Anh xy dngb +o th)` ch)In h!ng
oV t./ x)$ngY3
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
$ng QJnh gi? t., phn
QhoPng -dt th)`
##TG
+o
ch;nh
cao
2Qm
X+i H
H1Y
ghi
ch"

phDng
+!i
LhoPng
c?ch ng@n
nhWt
Bdt th)`
di
Bdt th)`
t.pn
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ni025 Canh
eiss
en c
20
x
l,5m T ng
cn
bng
8/2mm T
ng
iu
chnh
B2 Nht
Bn
28
x
l,8m
AX-l NKN
Nht
Bn
l8
x
T ng
cn
bng
l0/2mm 5 T
ng
iu
chnh
trong
phm
v l2
n343 8?c m?y th)` -Anh chJnh x?c X <f dFng +S +o dKn c?c t)y*n th)`
ch)In tq h!ng ooo t./ x)$ngb dNng +S -$ t.J c?c c>ng t.Anh H1 + cao +pi
hri + chJnh x?c caoY
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
$ng QJnh gi? t., phn
QhoPng -dt th)`
##TG +o
ch;nh cao
2Qm X+i
H H1Y
ghi
ch"

phDng
+!i
LhoPng
c?ch ng@n
nhWt
Bdt th)`
di
Bdt th)`
t.pn
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ni030
25
Canh
eiss
en c
25
x
l,8m 30"/2m
m
8/2mm
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
$ng QJnh gi? t., phn
QhoPng -dt th)`
##TG +o
ch;nh cao
2Qm X+i
H H1Y
ghi
ch"

phDng
+!i
LhoPng
c?ch ng@n
nhWt
Bdt th)`
di
Bdt th)`
t.pn
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
KN
007
Canh
eiss
en c
32
x
2,2m T ng
cn
bng
8/2mm
A-
2/2S
NKN
Nht
Bn
24
x
0,75m T ng
cn
bng
l0/2mm
2mm/l
km
AP-7
NKN
Nht
Bn
28
x
0,75m T ng
cn
bng
l0/2mm 2mm/l
km
AT-G4 TPC
N Nht
Bn
26
x
l,60m T ng
cn
bng
l0/2mm
2mm/l
km
AT-M3
TPC
N Nht
Bn
26
x
0,00m T ng
cn
bng
l0/2mm 2mm/l
km
n353 8?c m?y th)` -Anh + chJnh x?c cao X <f dFng +S +o dKn c?c t)y*n
th)` ch)In + chJnh x?c cao Y
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
$ng QJnh gi? t., phn
QhoPng -dt th)`
##TG +o
ch;nh cao
2Qm X+i
H H1Y
ghi
ch"

phDng
+!i
LhoPn
g c?ch
ng@n
nhWt
Bdt th)`
di
Bdt
th)`
t.pn
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
N004 Canh
eiss
en c
44
x
3,0m l0"/2m
m
2/2mm 0.5mm/
l
km
NAK2 LECA
Thy S
40
x
0.9m T ng
cn
bng
8/2mm 0,7mm
0,3mm
Khng c
Micrometer
C
Micrometer
GhF lFc n - XQ*t th"cY
T;n
m?y
ng H
nUc ch*
t!o
$ng QJnh gi? t., phn
QhoPng -dt th)`
##TG +o
ch;nh
cao 2Qm
X+i H
H1Y
ghi
ch"
l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
AS-2 NKN
Nht Bn
34
x
/43 l.0m T
ng
cn
bng
l0/2mm 0,8mm
0,4mm
Khng c
Micrometer
C
Micrometer
AT-
Gl,
(G2)
TPCN
Nht Bn
32
x
l.0m T
ng
cn
bng
8/2mm
0,7mm
0,4mm
Khng c
Micrometer
C
Micrometer