:

: .

( )

2008

1.

1.

1.

.
.
http://www.waterinfo.gr/index0.html . ,
70%
86% (, 2004).

1.

( .. ,
, , )

.

1.
.





(, 2005)

(, 2005)
meanq HM

(, 2005).

1.

.

.
.
:
:
Pn = P0 + t

P
=
= ,
t
.

t = 0 P0
To t = 1 P0 +
To t = 2 P0 + 2

To t = n P0 + n
,

.
: =

P P0
P2 P1
=, = t
t 2 t1
t0

Pn = P0 (1 + ) t ,
:
P
P =
,
t
:
t = 0 P0
To t = 1 P0 + P0 = P0(1+)
To t = 2 P0(1+)+ (P0(1+)) = P0(1+)(1+)= P0(1+)2

To t = n P0(1+)n
,

.

 t = 0

P0
P
Pn = P0 (1 + ) n n = (1 + ) n
P0

ln(

Pn
l
) = n ln(1 + ) (ln Pn ln P0 ) = ln(1 + )
P0
n

exp (ln Pn ln P0 ) 1 =
n

l
(ln P2 ln P1 ) 1 =
exp
(t 2 t1 )

.

Pt = Po e ct ,

dP
= cP
dt
.

,

.
t = 0
P0
dP
= c dt
P

[ln P]t 2 t1 = c [t ]t 2 t1
ln P2 ln P1
=c
t 2 t1

A t1 = 0 , P = P0 ( )
:
P 1
ln t = c
P0 t

P
ln t
P0

Pt

P0

= ec

1
= e c
t

Pt = Po e ct

(
)

 .

. 2

.
(, 2000).

Pt = Psat (Psat Po )e Lt ,

.
dP
= L(Psat Pt )
dt

Psat o
L
t = 0
P0.

.

. L :
dP
= L(Psat Pt )
dt
L=

(P P1 )
1
= [T-1].
ln sat
( t 2 t 1 ) (Psat P2 )

. L
.

Psat
Pt =
1 + a exp{bt}

 :
(1) ( )
(2) ( )
(3) .

.
:
:
(0, P0), (t1, P1), (t2, P2), 2 t1 = t2
:
Psat =

a=

2P0 P1P2 P12 (P0 + P2 )

P0 P2 P12

Psat P0
P0

b=

1 P0 (Psat P1 )

ln
( t 1 ) P1 (Psat P0 )

(Gupta, 1989)

:
Pn = P0 + t , 0

1..

, , ,
. . .
:
Q = A 0 + A 1 X 1 + ... + A n X n
:
ln Q = A 0 + A1 ln X1 + ... + A n ln X n (, 2005)
:
- ,
- ,

- (..
)
- (.. ..)

(, 2007)

.
.
(, 2004).
( )

,
:
meanQ HM = meanq HM Pt .
meanq HM ,
.

1..

P:
= ( Q)/( P)=
Q
Q P dQ
=
PE =
P
Q dP
P

Q(m3 / t ())

1..

P(/m3)

.
.

max Q H
= 1
meanQH

max Q
= 2

max Q H
max Q
= 1 2
meanQH

 1 [1.2 , 3]

2 [1.2 , 3]

1 2 [ 3, 6]

(, 2004)

. ,
.
2
, .
, 2

.

(, 2004)

(, 1981)

 :

(.. 30 40 )

(, 2004).

meanq HM
: meanQ HM = meanq HM Pt .
.

.


.

meanq HM ( )
(..
( meanq HM ( t ) = meanq HM (0) + t ).

.
:
1. ( ) .
2.
(, 2005),
(, 2007).
.
3. , - (..
, )
(.. ) .


10000 .
:
Pt = Po e ct

c > 0

20 :
) ec .
) 10, 30 40 .
) Pt.
1

) 20 , t = 20
P20 = 2 Po P20 = 2 10000 P20 = 20000 .
c
:
P
20000
Pt = Po e ct P20 = Po e c20 e c20 = 20 e c20 =
e c20 = 2
Po
10000
1

ln(e c ) = ln(2 20 )c =

1
ln 2
20

Pt :
Pt = Po e

ln 2 t
20

:
P 1
ln t = c
P0 t

) 10, 30 40
Pt . :
t = 10 : P10 = Po e

t
ln 2 20

t = 30 : P30 = Po

ln 2 t
e 20

t = 40 : P40 = Po

ln 2 t
e 20

P10 = 10000 e

ln 2 10
20

P10 = 14142

P30

ln 2 30
= 10000 e 20

P30 = 28284

P40

ln 2 40
= 10000 e 20

P40 = 40000

) Pt
:
1: Pt
t
Pt

5
11892

10
14142

15
16818

20
20000

25
23784

30
28284

35
33636

40
40000

 1 :
Pt
45000

, Pt ()

40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

, t ( )

1: Pt
:
:
10000 ( ), 10,
20, 30 40 ,
20

2.


, .
.
:

,
max Q ,

max Q . (
) (
)
,
.

.

.

.
, .
, 60
m, 10 Atm.

.

, 70 m (
10 atm) .


, 60 m.

. ,

.
,
,
.

.

.
.

2.

.
:

.

,
.

2.A. A
2.1.

.
.
,
:
9.81 Q H M
,
n

(KW),
Q
(m3/s),
H. (m),
n

N=

15%
20% .
:

24 ()
. .

Q
. = max Q H

Bernoulli
:

HA + HM = HB +
HM = HB +

AB

AB

A B

AB

HA

:
H A

H B

AB

AB

HA = zA

H B = z B + ( ..)
H H = z + ( .. )
:

H M = z + ( .. ) +

AB

AB

+
A..

...

,
( )
, (

) .

. .
.
,
( ).
.

.

2.2.


. .
T :

( )

.

.

2.3.
:

, (
)
,
.
: , .

. .

( ) (
)
( ,
,
)


.

.

 70 m
.

( )< =70 m

o 2
70 m. Y 2 :
1.
2.
70 m,
.


.

i< 70 m

.
i< 70 m

i< 70 m

.
i< 70 m

> 70 m

> 70 m

2.4.
,
.
:

.
ij Dm
:
4Q ij
0.5
1.5
2
D m

ij k Dm.
m ij Xij, m ( )
:
k

Min c ij, m X ij, m + CPg XPg

g
m =1

X
m =1

ij, m

= L ij

H S + XPg h f , SH z H h p
hp
H , MIN

H , MAX

Xij, m>= 0
XPg>= 0
,
(.. )

.

2.5.


.
1
.

1. ,
2.
,
.

.

 2:
D
. D1 D
( )
D2 .

h f = R Q2 , R =

8fL
g 2 D 5

D h f
D < D1
D > D2

D1

D2

2..
2.1.

( Ripple)
.
, ,
, .
:

V =

VMAX + VMAX

2:
3000,00

V (.)

2500,00

2000,00
1500,00

1000,00
500,00

-2

21

-1

18

-1

-1

15

7
6-

10

12

4
3-

9-

1
0-

0,00

t ()

2..2
:
:
V = 2 2 5l/s 72 m3
:
V = 12 2 5l/s 432 m3

.

.



:
V = max{V, V}

2..3
:
V =V + V

2..4

: .
o

.
o

.
o

.

2..5


(.)

.. ( )

,
4m
4m.

.. ( )

60m

4m

16m
12m


( : , 2004)
11 km
(), 24
(.1).
(. 1):
1:
1
1020 .

1
2

2
700 .

5 ./. 7 ./.

250
230
L / .
.

300
300
L / .
.

1%
2%
,
(
(
) )

1%
2%

2000

()
( ) (
2
) 67 m 92 m

1
( 2). :
= 6000m = 5000m .
1:
:
)
() 30
.
) ()
30 .
)
ks = 1 mm 50 mm. (
(m2/s) 10 6). 10 %
.
) 99 %

 Q = 0.5 m 3 /s

= 0.10 m 3 / sec .

A
67m

92m

2:

)
1 5 / .
1020 ,
5100 . 2
7 / 700
4900 .
10000 .
,
:
Pn = Po (1 + k t )

: Pn = ,
P = ,
t = ,
k = .
,
1 30 :
Pn = Po + k Po t PZ1 = 5100 + 0.01 5100 30 PZ1 = 6630 .
2 30 :
Pn = Po + k Po t PZ1 = 4900 + 0.02 4900 30 PZ1 = 7840 .
2000
, . 30
2000 .
:
1: PZ1 = 7630 ,
2: PZ2 = 8840 .
30 14470
, () 30 16470
.

.
:
Pn = Po (1 + a ) n

: Pn = n ,
P = ,
n = ,
a = .


.


.
1 30
:
Pn = Po (1 + a ) n PZ1 = 5100 (1 + 0.01) 30 PZ1 = 6874 .
2 30 :
Pn = Po (1 + a ) n PZ2 = 4900 (1 + 0.02) 30 PZ2 = 8876 .
2000
, . 30
1000 .
:
1: PZ1 = 7874 ,
2: PZ2 = 9876 .
30 15750
, 30 17750 .

:
2:
.

1
1
2
2

()
6630
7630
7840
8840
14470
16470

()
6874
7874
8876
9876
15750
17750

:

,
.
.

.

) ( )
30 maxQH
30 .

 QH
:
max QH = 1 QH , 1 1.5

1. 1
,
, .
1
1 = 1.5 .

1
.
QH
q L / ,
:
QH = Pn q
30
1 :
QH1 , = Pn q QH1 , = 6874 0.25 Q1 , = 1718.5 m 3 /
2 :
Q 2 , = Pn q Q 2 , = 8876 0.23 Q 2 , = 2041.5 m 3 /

30 :
Q , = 3760.0 m 3 /
300 L /
.
30 :
Q , = Pn q Q , = 2000 0.30 Q , = 600.0 m 3 /

30 :
max Q , = 1 Q , max Q , = 1.5 3760.0 max Q , = 5640 m 3 /
:
max Q , = 1 Q , max Q , = 1.5 600.0 max Q , = 900 m 3 /
:
max Q = 5640 + 900 max Q = 6540 m 3 / .

)
: max Q = 6540 m 3 /
:
L
6540 m 3 1000 3
6540000 L
m
max Q =
max Q =
max Q = 75.7 L/sec
sec
h
86400 sec
3600
24
h

 : max Q = 76 L / sec .

70 . .
: 70 m.

.
)

O

. 25 m
25 m.
1 m.
:
h = 25 m 1 m h = 24 m.

.
10% , :
= 1.10 *
:
h = 24 m / 1.10 h = 21.8 m
:
0,5 1,5 m/s
22 m.

h f = R Q2 , R =

8fL
g 2 D 5

D h f

Re

k/D

hf

Sf %o

0,076

0,250 1,549 5000

387261,15 0,0040 0,02882

12205,95

70,5 14,100

0,076

0,300 1,076 5000

322717,62 0,0033 0,02749

4677,81

27,0

5,404

0,076

0,350 0,790 5000

276615,10 0,0029 0,02647

2084,22

12,0

2,408

: f
Swamee Jain (1976):

f=

0.25
k s

log 5.74 + D
Re 0.9 3.7

A 300
.
300 350

l 300
350 5000 l
:
S350 (5000 l) + S300 l = 21.8
0.002408 (5000 l) + 0.005404 l = 21.8
l = 3258 m 300
350 5000 l = 1742

)
350

350

.
B

350
300

24 m

)
99 %.
P(Q H , max Q ( ) ) 0.99 *

:
P(Q H , max Q ( ) ) = 1 P(Q H , max Q ( ) ) = 1 P(
= 1 P(

0.076 0.5
) = 1 P( 4.24) 0.99
0.1

* QH , .

max Q ( ) ,

)=



8500 ,


2,5 km.
180 m,
:
) .
)
24 .
) .
) .
)
(
), E 3
10 atm .
:

0
0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12

%
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
2.2
3.0
4.2
5.8
5.5
4.9
4.7
4.9

12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24

4.8
4.9
5.2
5.1
6.1
7.0
7.0
5.5
4.2
3.0
2.8
2.2

: 300 L/..

: 15%.

, ks = 1.0 mm 25 atm,
50mm

: n = 0.70.

: 18 (0:00 - 18:00).

: (-) 20 m.
: 1 m.

1.5 m/s

: = 10-6 m2/s

1. .

 8500 .
300 L/,/.,
:

maxQ H = 8500 . x 300 L/./. maxQ H = 2550000 L/. maxQ H = 2550 m 3 /.

(
) .
:

Q .

= max Q H = 2550 m 3 /.

. ( 1)
( 1).
1:

(m3)
(m3)
0-1

2.00

51

51

1-2

2.00

51

102

2-3

1.50

38.25

140.25

3-4

1.50

38.25

178.5

4-5

2.20

56.1

234.6

5-6

3.00

76.5

311.1

6-7

4.20

107.1

418.2

7-8

5.80

147.9

566.1

8-9

5.50

140.25

706.35

9-10

4.90

124.95

831.3

10-11

4.70

119.85

951.15

11-12

4.90

124.95

1076.1

12-13

4.80

122.4

1198.5

13-14

4.90

124.95

1323.45

14-15

5.20

132.6

1456.05

15-16

5.10

130.05

1586.1

16-17

6.10

155.55

1741.65

17-18

7.00

178.5

1920.15

18-19

7.00

178.5

2098.65

19-20

5.50

140.25

2238.9

20-21

4.20

107.1

2346

21-22

3.00

76.5

2422.5

22-23

2.80

71.4

2493.9

23-24

2.20

56.1

2550

 1:
3000

V (.)

2500
2000

1500
1000
500
0
0

10

20

30

t ( )

2. .


.
,
,
, , .
, 18 ,
.


:

2550 m 3 .
=
Q = 141.67 m 3 h = 0.03935 m 3 s
18 h .

Q
= max Q H

24

:
3
Q
: (m /s)
max Q H : m3/s

: .
18- , ,


,
.
,
,

 .
:

V =

VMAX

VMAX

( 2)
2,
.
(
).
2


.
2 680.57 m3,
(
)
,

2:

]

(m3)

(m3)

(m3)

: . ,

- . .
(m3)
(m3)
90,67
141,67
141,67
181,33
141,67
283,33

0-1

2,00

51

51

1-2

2,00

51

102

2-3

1,50

38,25

140,25

141,67

425,00

284,75

3-4

1,50

38,25

178,5

141,67

566,67

388,17

4-5

2,20

56,1

234,6

141,67

708,33

473,73

5-6

3,00

76,5

311,1

141,67

850,00

538,90

6-7

4,20

107,1

418,2

141,67

991,67

573,47

7-8

5,80

147,9

566,1

141,67

1133,33

567,23

8-9

5,50

140,25

706,35

141,67

1275,00

568,65

9-10

4,90

124,95

831,3

141,67

1416,67

585,37

10-11

4,70

119,85

951,15

141,67

1558,33

607,18

11-12

4,90

124,95

1076,1

141,67

1700,00

623,90

12-13

4,80

122,4

1198,5

141,67

1841,67

643,17

13-14

4,90

124,95

1323,45

141,67

1983,33

659,88

14-15

5,20

132,6

1456,05

141,67

2125,00

668,95

15-16

5,10

130,05

1586,1

141,67

2266,67

680,57

16-17

6,10

155,55

1741,65

141,67

2408,33

666,68

17-18

7,00

178,5

1920,15

141,67

2550,00

629,85

18-19

7,00

178,5

2098,65

0,00

2550,00

451,35

19-20

5,50

140,25

2238,9

0,00

2550,00

311,10

20-21

4,20

107,1

2346

0,00

2550,00

204,00

21-22

3,00

76,5

2422,5

0,00

2550,00

127,50

22-23

2,80

71,4

2493,9

0,00

2550,00

56,10

23-24

2,20

56,1

2550

0,00

2550,00

0,00

2:
3000,00

V (.)

2500,00

2000,00
1500,00

1000,00
500,00

22

19

18
-

21
-

16

13

15
-

12
-

91

67

34

01

0,00

t ()

2 5 :
V = 5 2 5l/s 180 m3
:
V =V + V =680,57 + 180 = 760.57 m3

3. .
1.2
m/s.

. :

v max =

4xQ
x

D 2min

D min =

4xQ
4 x 0.03935
D min =

x v max
3.14 x 1.5

D min = 0.18 m

, :
200 mm ( ).

180 m
25 atm.

4. .

:
4Q
4 0.03935
v=
=
=1.25 m / s
2
D
3,14 (0.20) 2
Re:

Re =

vD
= 250510

ks/D=0.001/0.200 = 0.0050
A Swamee Jain (1976)
f:

f=

0.25

k s
log 5.74 + D

Re 0.9
3 .7

= 0.031

Darcy-Weisbach
:

h f = RQ 2 = 31 m
8fL
R= 2 5
g D
:
f
L
D
V
g
R

hf
(m),
,
(m),
(m),
(m/s),
(m/s2)
(m/(m 3 /s)2)

0.15%
:

H f = 1.15 h f = 35.52 m

Bernoulli .
H
:

z z = 180 + 20 = 200 m

. h = 2.5 m (

).


1 m.
Bernoulli :

H M + z = (z + 2.5) + h f + h f

M = (z z + 2.5) + h f + h f
M = (200 + 2.5) + 1 + h f

M = 202.5 + 1 + 35.51 239 m

2500 m
180

8500

20

3:

23.9 atm
25 atm.

:

N=
:

9.81 Q H M
n

Q
H.
N

(KW),
(m3/s),
(m),
.

: = 131.26 KW.
15%
, = 1.15 x 131.26 ' = 151KW.

160 KW.
80 KW
80 KW.

5.

.

(
)
. 16 17 17 18

(m3 / h)
(m3 / ).
1 178.5 m3/hr.
:

max Q =

178.5
= 0.045 m 3 / s
60 60

H
: 0.5 1.5 m/s.

10 atm:

0.5

4Q
4xQ
1.5 : D =
2
D
xv

:
v(m/s)
0,5
1
1,5

D (m)
0,3385996
0,2394261
0,1954906

:

P 3 , 10 atm
:
198.2 312.8 mm
:
225 355 mm


.

.

3.

3.
3. .

.
:
1.


2.
( ) .

: 0.5 1.5 m/s.

.

. :
: 12 15 m
: 16 17 m
: 20 23 m
:

po = 4 (n+1), n o , 3 +1

.

( ) (
)
60 m.
, 100 m
.
10 atm.
90mm


:
max Q

:
max{ max Q , max Q H + Q }

..

< 60
m

.. (
)

4m

,
4m
4m.
.

hp>= h

16m
12m

3..

.

.
. (Qd)
( )

Qt
A

QAB

Qt
A

Qd= qB
qA= 0

qB
B

QAB

Qd/

Qt

qA
A

Qd

Qd/2= qA= qB

qB

(Qd)
(Qt). O
2 :

Qd

Qt
Q AB = Qd + Q t
Q AB = 0.5 Qd + Q t

 ,
:
Q AB = 0.55Q d + Q t (.. , 1981)

3. :
(, )
( )
, ,
(, , )

(.. , )

(, , ).

3.

E , . T
.

() 14 l /s,
30 l/s.
. O
141 mm,
123,4 mm . : (+80), (+75), (+75)
(+70). +104 m
+100 m.

400m

300 m

300m

300m

300 m

:
1.
2. (
10 atm)
3.

.
.
:
ks = 0.1 mm, = 10-6 m2/s

: 10 atm ,
Dn (mm)
D (mm)
Dn (mm)
D (mm)
Dn (mm)
D (mm)

32
28
125
110.2
280
246.8

40
35.2
140
123.4
315
277.6

50
44
160
141
355
312.8

63
55.4
180
158.6
400
352.6

75
66
200
176.2
450
396.6

90
79.2
225
198.2
500
440.6

110
96.8
250
220.4
560
493.6

:
.


,

2 .
:
max Q
qA = qB = q = q =
= 30 / 4 = 7.5 L / s
4

. :
q = 7.5 + 14 = 21.5 L / s
14+30 = 44 L/s.

. H
. .
.

7.5 L/s
7.5 L/s

(-)18.5L/s

7.5 L/s

(+)18.5L/s

(+)10.75L/s

21.5 L/s

Q- Cross .
.
:

 Q- Cross
Q-Cross
:
1.

. ().

2.

Darcy-Weisbach
:

fL
= 0.08262
g D
D5
8fL

hf = R Q2 , R =

f Swamee and Jain

(1976)

f=

0.25


log 5.74 + D
Re 0.9 3.7

, Re =

vD
4Q
, v=
,
D 2

f = ( ),
Q (m3 /s) = ,
v (m /s) = ,
L (m) = ,
D (m) = () ,
(m/s) = ,
Re = Reynolds ( )
R (m/(m3/s)^2) = .
3.

Q :

RQ
Q =
2R Q

a2
i

a
i

a2
haf
R i Qi

=
=
2 R i Q ia
2 R i Q ia

(*)

(*) .
Q ( ).
Q :
Qi = Qai + Q
5. Q.
4.

(
:

Q 0.0001 m 3 / s - 0.00001 m 3 / s

0 ).

 Cross

(m3/s)

(m)

(m/
sec)

(m)

Re

k/D

hf

2RiQia
m/
(m3 /s)2

(m)

m/
(m3 /s)

0.01825

AB

0.1410

1.17

300

164882.3

0.0007

0.020

9015.5

3.00

329.065

0.01075

0.1234

0.90

300

110974.6

0.0008

0.021

18571.3

2.15

399.283

-0.01075

0.1234

-0.90

300

110974.6

0.0008

0.021

18571.3

-2.15

399.283

-0.01825

0.1410

-1.17

300

164882.3

0.0007

0.020

9015.5

-3.00

329.065

0.00

1456.7

0.00

R Q
Q =
2R Q

a2
i

a
i

=0

Q 0.0001 m 3 / s .
.


.
: Q .
(. 2.3.3)

.

.

44 = (7.5) + 18.25 + 18.25

10.75 = 18.25 7.5

10.75 = 18.25 7.5

10.75 + 10.75 = 7.5 + 14
.

0.01825 2 (R AB ) + 0.01075 2 (R B ) 0.01825 2 (R A ) 0.01075 2 (R ) = 0
:
R AB = R A
R B = R
.
1: Cross
oi
(. 2.3.4)
2:
, :

hf = R Q2 ,
8fL
.
R =
g 2 D 5
(--) (-) R.
, . .
.

0.5

4Q
1.5
D 2

v(m/s)

D (m)

0.5

0.33482

0.23675

1.5

0.19331

D = 0.3128

D = 0.198

0.198 D 0.3128 .
- 1 m/ s
0.2468 (. ) 0.92 m / s.

.

.
.

(m3/s)

(m)

(m/sec)

(m)

0.2468

0.92

400

0.044000

AB

Re

227110.8

k/D

0.0004

hf
(m)

0.018

m/
(m3 /s)2
656.8

1.27

...

2 = 1 hf , 1 2 ( )
hp1= 1 z1, , >= hp
.
Cross.
,


( 30 L / s) .
hp >= 16 m (
)
..

60 m.

3..


:
1. (
)
2. (.
).

(1)

(2)

300m

, .
:
2q = Q
8fL
q2
2
5
g D
3. (.
, ..). V >= 0.5 m/ s. M

8fL
hf = R Q2 , R = 2 5
g D
h f ,

(1)

= h f ,

( 2)

,
4. Booster ( )
.

Booster

5.

4.

22.04

:

-

H :
maxQ = 2 maxQH

2 =2, :
maxQ = 2 20 = 40 l / s
H


:

q o A = q o = q o = q o = 40 / 4 = 10 l/s
- Crosss

,
, Q Cross (
).


.
:

:
40 l /s
10 l/s
40 - 10 = 30 L/s.
15 l/s.
30 15 = 15 l/s.
10 l/s
Q AB = (+)15 l/s
40 l/s
+
Q A = (-)15 l/s
Q = (+) 15 l/s
Q = (-)20 l/s ().

:

+ 15 l/s

10 l/s
+ 5 l/s

10 L/s

10 L/s

40 l/s
(-) 15 l/s

(-) 5 l/s

10 l/s

:
Q (m3/s)
V (m/s)
D (m)
(
:
4Q
V=
D 2
Re:
vD
Re =
,

ks/D,
f Swamee and Jain
(1976)
f=

0.25


log 5.74 + D
Re 0.9 3.7

Darcy-Weisbach :
8fL
R=
, h f = RQ 2
2 5
g D

 Q
:
2

R i Q ai

Q =
2R iQai

Q(m^3/s)
0.01500
0.00500
-0.00500
-0.01500

hf
x

D(m)
V(m/s)
L(m)
Re
k/D
0.14100 0.96113 200.00000 112933.09843
0.12340 0.41828 200.00000 43013.41674
0.11020 -0.52449 200.00000 48165.65904
0.14100 -0.96113 200.00000 112933.09843

f
0.00071
0.00081
0.00091
0.00071

R
(m/(m^3/s)^2) hf (m)
x (m/(m^3/s))
0.02100 6232.50912 1.40231
186.97527
0.02416 13966.26632 0.34916
139.66266
0.02404 24464.95219 -0.61162
244.64952
186.97527
0.02100 6232.50912 -1.40231
758.26273
-0.26247
0.00035

h f = +0.00035m 3 / s
Q 0 =
x
0.00035 0.0001m 3 / s

.
Q (m^3/s)
0.01535
0.00535
-0.00465
-0.01465

Q1 =

D(m)
V(m/s)
L(m)
Re
k/D
0.14100
0.98331
200.00000 115539.16331
0.12340
0.44724
200.00000
45991.17321
0.11020 -0.48818
200.00000
44831.22031
0.14100 -0.93895
200.00000 110327.03355

hf
x

f
0.00071
0.00081
0.00091
0.00071

R
(m/(m^3/s)^2) hf (m)
x (m/(m^3/s))
0.02095
6217.82804
190.83935
1.46432
0.02391 13823.76267
147.80762
0.39510
0.02429 24720.48891 -0.53541
230.09125
0.02105
6247.75752 -1.34162
183.10749
751.84572
-0.01760
0.00002

= +0.00002m 3 / s

0.00002 0.0001m 3 / s
.

.

B
+ 15.35 l/s

10 l/s
5.35 l/s

10 L/s

10 L/s

48 l/s
14.65 l/s

4.65 l/s

10 l/s

Q = 40 l /s ( )
Q = 6 l /s
QE = 40 + 6 = 46l /s ( )

:
4Q
0 .5
1 .5
D 2
v(m/s)
0.5
1
1.5

D (m)
0.123639088
0.087426038
0.071383061

96.8 (
) 110.2 ( 0.5 m / s).
= 96.8 mm

0 .5
v(m/s)
0.5
1
1.5

4Q
D 2

1 .5
D (m)
0.342341
0.242072
0.197651

220.4 (
) 312.8 ( 0.5 m / s).
= 246.8 mm

, :

, , 16 m:
h p i = H i z i = 16 m
12 m
h p H = H H z H = 12 m

.
.


96.8 mm 246.8 mm :

EA
D
v
0.04000 0.22040

1.04898

EH
D
v
0.00600 0.09680

0.81570

D
v
0.2468
0.04600

0.96205

L
700.00000

Re
k/D
f
192662.63616
0.00045

Re
200.00000

L
500.00000

k/D
65799.86314

R
0.01875

f
0.00103

Re
k/D
f
197861.71703
0.00041

2087.64921

R
0.02346

45655.80361

R
0.01844

832.64259

. (
Cross

 ).
:
(..) ( )
(..) ( ) ( )
( )
(..) ( ) ( )
( )
(
Cross) Cross
.

H = 103 m
H = H h = H h h = 103 1.76 1.64 = 99.6m
h p = H z H = 99.6 48 = 51.6 m 12 m

(..) ( ) ( ) (
)

H
103.00
97.90
96.43
96.04

hf

hp

5.102
1.464
0.395

48.00
48.00
52.00

49.90
48.43
44.04

..

..

97.9

96.43

49.9

48.43

hf

96.04

44.04

hp i.16 m



.
+48m,
:
106.5 48 60.
.
E .

.

.
:
max Q
+

6
= 20 + 6 = 26 l / s , 2
2

.
18 24
:
24
Q
l / s = 34.67 l / s
= 26
18

:
Q
0.03467

Des
v
L
Re
k/D
f
1.42243 1000.00000 208860.00194
0.00057
0.1762

R
0.01921

hf
9355.79420

Shf
11.24359 12.36794412

0.10%
:
H f = 1.1 h f = 12.36 m




1 m.
Bernoulli :

H + z = (z + ) + h f

M + 55 = (106.5) + 1 + 12.36

+ hf

M = (106.5 55) + 1 + 12.36 65 m

10
atm.
:
9.81 Q H M
N=
n
:
(KW),
Q
(m3/s),
H.
(m),
n
.
: = 36.8
KW.
15% ,
= 1.15 x 36.3 ' = 42.3 KW.

50 KW.
25 KW 25 KW.

1m

12.36 m

1000 m

106.5 55= 51.5



., 1992. , ..
., 2000. , ..
. ., 2003. , .. (
)
., 1999. , ..
., 2003. , , ..
., 2003. , ...
., 2003. , , ..
., 2007. , , ...
., 1996 , ...
., 1997. ( + ), , ..
., 1980. , .
., 1997. , , .
.,1974. ,
.,2004, ...., ...
.,2005, ...., ...
T ., 2006, ...., ...
.,1995, , 1. , , 1995.
.,1991. , ...

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A.L Prashun, 1987. Fundamentals of Hydraulic Engineering, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
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and Hydraulic Systems. Prentice Hall.
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