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PIPEPHASE95 GettingStartedGuide
PIPEPHASE95 GettingStartedGuide
PIPEPHASE95 GettingStartedGuide
All rights reserved. No part of this documentation shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Invensys Systems, Inc. No copyright or patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this documentation, the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Invensys Systems, Inc. The software described in this documentation is furnished under a license or nondisclosure agreement. This software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of these agreements.
2010 by Invensys Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Invensys Systems, Inc. 26561 Rancho Parkway South Lake Forest, CA 92630 U.S.A. (949) 727-3200 http://www.simsci-esscor.com/ For comments or suggestions about the product documentation, send an e-mail message to ProductDocumentationComments@invensys.com. Invensys, Invensys logo, NETOPT, PIPEPHASE, SIM4ME and SimSci-Esscor are trademark of Invensys plc, its subsidiaries and affiliates. All other brands may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Contents
Introduction
About this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-vii About PIPEPHASE Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-vii About SIMSCI - ESSCOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-viii Where to find Additional Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-viii Online Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-viii Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-viii Other Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-ix Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-x
Uninstalling PIPEPHASE Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Accessing User-Added Subroutines (UAS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Workspace for PIPEPHASE User-Added Routines . . . . . . . . 2-9 Build Sample One: Customize a Pressure Drop Model. . . . 2-10 Build Sample Two: Customize a PRO/II Thermo routine . . 2-12
Equipment Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38 Heat Transfer Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41 Sphering or Pigging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-42 Reservoirs and Inflow Performance Relationships . . . . . . . .4-42 Production Planning and Time-Stepping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-43 Subsurface Networks and Multiple Completion Modeling .4-45 Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-48 Nodal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-50 Starting the PIPEPHASE Results Access System (RAS) . . . . . .4-54 Starting the PIPEPHASE Excel Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-56
Chapter 5 Tutorial
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1 Problem Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-1 Building the Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Entering Optimization Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-20 Specifying Print Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-28 Running the Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-29 Viewing and Plotting Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-30 Using the RAS to Plot Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-31 Generate and View Excel Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-34 Including Operating Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-35
Index
vi
Contents
Introduction
About this Manual
The PIPEPHASE Getting Started Guide provides an introduction to PIPEPHASE software. It describes how the interface modules work and includes a step-by-step tutorial to guide you through a PIPEPHASE example optimization problem. Also covered in this guide is PIPEPHASE Keywords. An outline of this guide is provided below. This manual will guide you through the installation of
Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Installation Requirements Installing PIPEPHASE Introduces the manual, the program, and SIMSCI. Provides you with the installation and security requirements. Describes how to install PIPEPHASE software.
Installation Trou- Addresses some of the problems you may bleshooting encounter while installing PIPEPHASE software. Getting Started Tutorial Explains how to use PIPEPHASE software. Provides a step-by-step tutorial for the optimization of an off-line pipeline design.
vii
Several special capabilities have also been designed into PIPEPHASE software including well analysis with inflow performance; gas lift analysis; pipeline sphering; and sensitivity (nodal) analysis. These additions extend the range of the PIPEPHASE application so that the full range of pipeline and piping network problems can be solved.
Online Help
PIPEPHASE comes with online Help, a comprehensive online reference tool that accesses information quickly. In Help, commands, features, and data fields are explained in easy steps. Answers are available instantly, online, while you work. You can access the electronic contents for Help by selecting Help/Contents from the menu bar. Context-sensitive help is accessed using the F1 key or the Whats This? button by placing the cursor in the area in question. A Road Map to Online Help will be displayed where you can select the help document you wish to view. From the desired online help
viii Introduction
document you can do a search for the desired topic. If you chose a .CHM file, you can search by selecting Help/Search from the menu bar. If you chose a .PDF formatted document, you can use all the available Acrobat Reader search features to find the topic of interest. Please refer to Acrobat Reader on-line help for information concerning Acrobat Reader features.
Other Documentation
The table below outlines the other existing PIPEPHASE documentation available in a hardcopy form.
Where to Find Additional Help
If you want to... Quickly learn how to simulate a simple flowsheet using PIPEPHASE software See... This document
Obtain detailed information on the This document capabilities and use of PIPEPHASE software Learn how to install PIPEPHASE software Obtain basic information on PIPEPHASE keywords See simulation examples To learn more on Well and Surface Models Obtain detailed information on using PIPEPHASE software w/ NETOPT module Obtain detailed information on using PIPEPIPEPHASE software w/ TACITE module Obtain basic information on PIPEPHASE calculation methods Obtain detailed information of component and thermodynamic properties This document PIPEPHASE Keyword Manual PIPEPHASE Application Briefs Well and Surface Examples NETOPT Users Guide TACITE Users Guide
ix
Technical Support
If you have any questions regarding program use or the interpretation of program output, contact the nearest SimSci-Esscor Technical Support Center from the following address list, or contact your local SimSci-Esscor representative. To expedite your request for assistance, please have the following information available when you call:
A description of the problem The installation CD and printed documentation available The type of computer you are using The amount of free disk space available on the disk where PIPEPHASE software is installed The actions you were taking when the problem occurred The error messages that appear on your screen and any other symptoms
Introduction
Address
Invensys Process Systems (SimSci-Esscor) 10900 Equity Drive Houston, TX 77041 Invensys Process Systems (SimSci-Esscor) Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 304, 223 Wilmington-West Chester Pike, Chaddsford, PA 19317 Invensys SimSci-Esscor, 26561 Rancho Parkway South, Suite 100, Lake Forest, CA 92630 Invensys Systems Mexico S.A Amargura # 60 Col. Parques de la Herradura, Huixquilucan, Edo.de, 52786 Invensys SIMSCI-ESSCOR, 7665 - 10th Street NE, Calgary T2E8X2 Invensys Systems Argentina Inc. Nunez 4334 Buenos Aires (Argentina) C1430AND Invensys Systems Italia S.p.A Via Carducci, 126 Sesto San Giovanni (MI) 20100, Italia Invensys Systems Venezuela Torre Delta Piso 12, Av.Francisco de Miranda Altamira, Caracas 1060 Invensys Systems Brasil Ltda. Av. Chibaras, 75 - Moema Sao Paulo, SP O 4076 - 000 Invensys Systems GmbH Willy- Brandt- Platz, 6 Mannheim, 68161 Invensys Performance Solutions Level 2-4, 810 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2017, Australia Invensys Systems Japan 8th Fl. Suzuebaydium, 1-15-1 Kaigan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022 Japan Invensys ME Dubai PO Box 61495 Jebel Ali Free Zone, Dubai Invensys Software Systems (s) Pte. Ltd. 15, Changi Business Park Central 1 Singapore 486057 Invensys Systems (UK) Limited The Genesis Centre, Birchwood Science Park, Birchwood, Warrington United Kingdom WA3 7BH Invensys Process Systems (China), No. 211, Huancheng Road East, Fengpu Industrial Park, Shanghai 201400 Invensys Systems LA Colombia Calle 100 # 36-39 Int. 4-203, Bucaramanga, SDER
Tel/Fax/Internet
Tel: + 1 800 SIMSCI 1 + 1 713 329 8584 Fax: + 1 713 329 1700 E-mail: support.simsci@invensys.com Tel: + 1 800 SIMSCI 1 + 1 484 840 9407 Fax: + 1 484 480 9499 E-mail: support.simsci@invensys.com Tel: + 1 800 SIMSCI 1 Fax: + 1949 455 8154 E-mail: support.simsci@invensys.com Tel: + 52 55 52 63 01 76 Fax:+ 52 55 52 63 01 60 E-mail:mexico.simsci@invensys.com Tel: + 403-617-6220 (Cell) Fax: + 403-274-8651 E-mail: support.simsci@invensys.com Tel: + 54 11 6345 2100 Fax: + 54 11 6345 2111 E-mail: supportar@simsci.com Tel: + 39 02 262 9293 Fax: + 39 02 262 9200 E-mail: simsci.eura@invensys.com Tel: + 58 212 267 5868 ext. 282 Fax: + 58 212 2670964 E-mail: simscilat@invensys.com Tel:+ 55 11 2844 0201/291 Fax: + 55 11 2844 0341 E-mail: suporte.simsciesscorbrasil@invensys.com Tel: + 49(0)89 44419650 E-mail: simsci.eura@invensys.com Tel: + 61 2 8396 3626 Fax:+ 61 2 8396 3604 E-mail: support.an@simsci.com Tel: + 81 3 6450 1095 Fax:+ 81 3 5408 9220 E-mail: support@simsci.jp Tel: + 971 4 88 11440 Fax: + 971 4 88 11426 E-mail: simsci.eura@invensys.com Tel: + 65 6829 8643 Fax: + 65 6829 8202 E-mail: simsci.apac@invensys.com Tel: + 44 (0) 1925 811469 Fax: + 44 (0) 1925 838509 E-mail: simsci.eura@invensys.com Tel: + 86 21 3718 0000 ext. 5912 Fax: + 86 10 8458 4521 E-mail: yunfeng.qin@invensys.com Tel: + 57 1 3136360 E-mail: support.co@simsci.com
Mexico
Canada
Argentina
Italy
Venezuela
Brazil
Germany
Japan
Middle East
Asia - Pacific
United Kingdom
China
Colombia
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Introduction
Media
PIPEPHASE software is provided on a single CD. The TACITE Transient Module and the NETOPT Optimizer Module are also included on the PIPEPHASE product CD. SimSci-Esscor FLEXlm server application installation program is provided on a separate CD.
Documentation
A list of PIPEPHASE documents is provided below. If you need a manual that is not included in your installation package or add-on package, contact Technical Support to request it.
PIPEPHASE Getting Started Guide (This document) PIPEPHASE Keyword Manual Release Notes Other documentation as required:
Software Requirements
The minimum recommended software requirements for PIPEPHASE software are listed below: Operating System Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP2 (Business / Enterprise), Windows 2008 Server Standard SP2 or Windows 7 Professional/ Enterprise. Proper installation of PIPEPHASE software under all Operating systems requires administrator rights. Microsoft Office 2000, Microsoft Office XP, Microsoft Office 2003, Microsoft Office 2007, and Microsoft Office 2010 Professional. To build User-Added Subroutines applications, the following compiler is required: Intel FORTRAN Compiler Integration for Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003, Version 10.0.027.2003, Copyright 2002-2007 Intel Corporation.
Note: User-Added Subroutine Applications built under Windows XP will run under Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 2008 Server and Windows 7.
Compiler
The minimum recommended software requirements for Sim4Me Portal are listed below: Operating System Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista SP2 (Business / Enterprise), Windows 2008 Server Standard SP2 or Windows 7 Professional/Enterprise operating systems. Proper installation of Sim4Me Portal under all Operating systems requires administrator rights.
Microsoft Office MS Office 2003 Professional SP2, Office 2007, and MS Office 2010 Professional.
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Installation Requirements
Security
USB Security
SimSci-Esscor provides USB hardware security, in which you insert key specially coded to allow use of PIPEPHASE software. During installation, the USB key should not be plugged in. But after installation, simply plug the hardware directly into the computers USB port to start running PIPEPHASE software. USB ports are not supported in Windows NT, therefore USB security is not available for this operating system.
FLEXnet Security
SimSci-Esscor provides a FLEXnet security option on the FLEXnet Server Application installation CD. The FLEXnet License Manager is a third-party concurrent-user software licensing tool from Macrovision Corporation. It is a client/server-based tool that has been customized by SimSci-Esscor. FLEXnet Server can run under Windows 2003/XP/Vista. The server must have at least 5 MB of available disk space. To install, learn, and troubleshoot FLEXnet security, follow the instructions provided in the FLEXnet Administrator Guide included in the standard release package.
FLEXlm9.5 Security
SimSci-Esscor provides a FLEXlm security option on the FLEXlm Server Application installation CD. The FLEXlm License Manager is a third-party concurrent-user software licensing tool from Macrovision Corporation. It is a client/server-based tool that has been customized by SimSci-Esscor. FLEXlm Server can run under Windows 2003/XP/Vista. The server must have at least 5 MB of available disk space. To install, learn, and troubleshoot FLEXlm security, follow the instructions provided in the FLEXlm Security Guide included in the standard release package.
PIPEPHASE 9.5 Getting Started Guide 1-3
TOKEN Security
SimSci-Esscor provides a TOKEN security option on the FLEXlm Server 9.5 Application installation CD. The FLEXlm License Manager is a third-party concurrent-user software licensing tool from Macrovision Corporation. It is a client/server-based tool that has been customized by SimSci-Esscor. For detailed information please refer to the SIM4ME License Security User Guide available in the Pphase95\Manuals\PIPEPHASE Getting Started Guide folder.
TOKENnet Security
SimSci-Esscor provides a TOKENnet security option on the FLEXnet Server Application installation CD. The FLEXnet License Manager is a third-party concurrent-user software licensing tool from Macrovision Corporation. It is a client/server-based tool that has been customized by SimSci-Esscor. For detailed information please refer to the SIM4ME License Security User Guide available in the Pphase95\Manuals\PIPEPHASE Getting Started Guide folder.
Open the pipephase.ini file found in the user directory. Find the section entitled [wss_Security] and set Type=USB. Save the file and exit.
Open the pipephase.ini file found in the user directory. Find the section entitled [wss_Security] and set Type=FLXNET11. Save the file and exit. Set system environment variable as IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE=@{FLEXnet server machine name} Reboot your computer so the changes to your security environment will be correctly configured.
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Installation Requirements
Open the pipephase.ini file found in the user directory. Find the section entitled [wss_Security] and set Type=FLXLM95. Save the file and exit. Set the system environment variable as IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE=@{FLEXlm server machine name} Reboot your computer so the changes to your security environment will be correctly configured.
Open the pipephase.ini file found in the user directory. Find the section entitled [wss_Security] and set Type=TOKEN. Save the file and exit. Set the system environment variable as IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE=@{FLEXlm server machine name} Reboot your computer, so the changes to your security environment will be correctly configured.
Open the pipephase.ini file found in the user directory. Find the section entitled [wss_Security] and set Type=TOKENnet Save the file and exit. Set the system environment variable as IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE=@{FLEXnet server machine name} Reboot your computer, so the changes to your security environment will be correctly configured.
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Installation Requirements
This option installs both the GUI and the calculation portions of PIPEPHASE software directly to your PC. This option allows you to customize your installation by selecting the User Added files with PIPEPHASE software.
Custom -
When installing PIPEPHASE software, you also have the option to install the TACITE Transient module and/or the NETOPT Optimizer module and/or SIM4ME Portal 2.0.1. If you do not have license and would like to add-on one or all of these modules, please contact your SimSci-Esscor representative for details.
2-1
Start your Windows session. Insert the PIPEPHASE installation CD into drive E. Browse to the root of the installation CD and read the Release Notes. Open the PIPEPHASE95 folder and double-click on SETUP.EXE to start the PIPEPHASE Installation program. Dialog box appears asking for following prerequisites installation:
Then Simsci-Esscor PIPEPHASE9.5 - SetupWizard dialog box opens up. Accept the Licence Agreement. Enter the location where you wish to install the PIPEPHASE program. The default locations for Install folder/files are :
Install Folders (HLP, Manuals, User) FluidFlow Common Files (Bin, LIB, Resource,System) SIMSCI Shared Components (CFI, Portal)
To install in a different folder, click Change... and select another folder. The path for Common Files cannot be changed if other FluidFlow products such as INPLANT 4.2 are installed in the system. Additionally, the path for shared components cannot be changed if other SIMSCI products such as PRO/II 8.3 are installed in the system.
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PIPEPHASE software in the SIMSCI directory, place PIPEPHASE 9.5 in another directory (e.g., \PPv95) to avoid any conflicts.
After deciding PIPEPHASE install location, select a Setup option - Typical or Complete (Typical or User Added)
Select the modules dialog box which displays the add-on module(s) you wish to3 install.
Note: If you are licensed to run TACITE module, select install TACITE Transient module; or if you are licensed to run NETOPT module, select install NETOPT Optimizer module. If you are licensed to run SIM4ME Portal, select install SIM4ME Portal 2.0.1 module. All modules can be selected if you are licensed.
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The Security Option dialog box appears. Select one of the four security options:
FLEXlm9.5 Server
Allows PIPEPHASE software to go beyond the current machine to obtain licenses from another machine (FLEXlm9.5 security server machine) on the network. Allows PIPEPHASE software to go beyond the current machine to obtain licenses from another machine (FLXNET11 security server machine) on the network. Utilizes a USB hardware key attached to the USB port on the back of the current machine for licensing purposes. Using this type, PIPEPHASE software will only search this hardware key for license(s). Allows PIPEPHASE software to go beyond the current machine to obtain licenses from a Token server on the network.
FLXNET11 Server
USB
Token
If you chose FLXNET11, FLEXlm9.5, or Token, specify the prospective IPASSI FLEXlm server(s) (e.g., @server1; @server2) to guide PIPEPHASE software to find the FLEXlm server. Click Next > to continue.
Then a dialog box appears to select the options of creating a shortcut on the Desktop and/or the Quick launch bar. Pipephase icon location is fixed as Start->All Programs->SIMSCI ->PIPEPHASE 9.5. Click Next > to continue. The Ready to Install the Program dialog box appears. If you want to review or change any settings, click < Back. If you are satisfied with the settings, click Install > to begin installation. Once the installation starts, you will see a box with message : Installing Portal 2.0.1 dependencies. Please wait ... You can use the Cancel button at any time during disk installation to pause or exit the installation program. When your installation is complete, the Install Shield Wizard Completed dialog box appears.
Installing PIPEPHASE Software
2-4
Note: Setup determines if it is necessary to restart the computer. If so, it asks whether you want to restart the system now or later.
You should now test your PIPEPHASE installation. Proceed to the Testing PIPEPHASE section for more information.
If you plan to link your own user-added subroutines into PIPEPHASE software, select the User-Added Files option.
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Click Next > to continue. The Security Option dialog box appears. Select one of the four security options:
FLEXlm9.5 Server
Allows PIPEPHASE software to go beyond the current machine to obtain licenses from another machine (FLEXlm9.5 security server machine) on the network. Allows PIPEPHASE software to go beyond the current machine to obtain licenses from another machine (FLXNET11 security server machine) on the network. Utilizes a USB hardware key attached to the USB port on the back of the current machine for licensing purposes. Using this type, PIPEPHASE software will only search this hardware key for license(s). Allows PIPEPHASE software to go beyond the current machine to obtain licenses from a Token server on the network.
FLXNET11 Server
USB
Token
If you chose FLXNET11, FLEXlm9.5, or Token, option specify the prospective IPASSI FLEXlm server(s) (e.g., @server1; @server2) to guide PIPEPHASE software to find the FLEXlm server. Click Next > to continue.
Then a dialog box appears to select the options of creating a shortcut on the Desktop and/or the Quick launch bar. Pipephase
Installing PIPEPHASE Software
2-6
icon location is fixed as Start->All Programs->SIMSCI ->PIPEPHASE 9.5. Click Next > to continue.
The Ready to Install the Program dialog box appears. If you want to review or change any settings, click < Back. If you are satisfied with the settings, click Install > to begin installation. Once the installation starts, you will see a box with message : Installing Portal 2.0 dependencies. Please wait ... You can use the Cancel button at any time during disk installation to pause or exit the installation program. When your installation is complete, the Install Shield Wizard Completed dialog box appears. Click Finish to complete the Local Custom installation.
Note: Setup determines if it is necessary to restart the computer. If so, it asks whether you want to restart the system now or later.
When installation is done, you should see a SIMSCI group with a PIPEPHASE GUI icon and a desktop PIPEPHASE icon. Restart Windows when prompted at the end of the installation procedure. Continue the installation procedure by testing your PIPEPHASE installation.
Click Start and select Program Files/SIMSCI/PIPEPHASE 9.5/ PIPEPHASE 9.5. Select Import/Keyword File from the File menu. Select EX1_LIQUID-PUMP.INP in the Import Keyword File dialog box and click Open. A window will appear showing the Save Imported File As... box.
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Click on Save to replace the existing ppzip file. Click the Run button on the toolbar to start running the simulation.
Click Start. Select Settings and then select Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs. The Add/Remove Programs Properties dialog box appears. Select Simsci-Esscor PIPEPHASE9.5 (for Typical & Custom). Click Remove. Click Yes to confirm the deletion. A message may ask you whether to delete a shared file. If you know that the file is not used by another application, click Yes. Otherwise, click No. Uninstall deletes the component and displays a screen verifying deletion. Click OK again.
Note: The order of uninstalling components and/or creating files under the PIPEPHASE tree may cause certain single files to remain on the disk. After uninstalling a component, check the corresponding installation directory for remaining files and delete them manually.
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Table 2-1: Work Space for PIPEPHASE User Added Routines Project Description Build Products D_MAINONE MAINONE_CPP FFPESMAINDLL
Project used to update PIPEPHASE useradded routines (i.e. HUSER1.FOR) Main program entry point provided for debugging purposes Project used to update PRO/II thermo user-added routines **(i.e. HUSER1.FOR) Main program for thermo preprocessor provided for debugging purposes
MAINTI
MAINTI.EXE
** Refer to the PIPEPHASE documentation for information regarding PIPEPHASE User-Added capabilities.
Note: Build products must be copied into the C:\PROGRAM
FILES\COMMON FILES\SIMSCI\FLUIDFLOW95\BIN directory. You should save the original products into another directory in case you want to go back to the standard release version.
Start IVF by selecting it from the Start menu. Select the Open Workspace option from the menu. Select project \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\MAKEWSP\MAKESP.SLN Set the active project to D_MAINONE by selecting Set Active Project from the Project menu.
Select the folder "CLIENT USER FILES" and use the right mouse button to select the "Add Files to Folder" option. Add the file \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\USERSRC\HUSER1.FOR. (If this file is already in the project, a message will be displayed.)
Installing PIPEPHASE Software
2-10
Modify the user added routine. For example increase the frictional pressure drop by 10% (PGF = PGF*1.1). Select the "Win 32 Release" version. Select the Rebuild All option from the Build menu. This builds D_MAINONE.DLL in directory \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\MAKEWSP. Copy this file to the C:\PROGRAM FILES\COMMON FILES\SIMSCI\FLUIDFLOW95\BIN directory.
Run file \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\USERINP\HUSER.INP and compare the results to file HUSER.CHK. View the Node Summary and verify that the pressure drop has changed as expected.
Repeat the build procedures for D_MAINONE.DLL but select the "Win 32 Debug" option. D_MAINONE.DLL will still be built directory \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\MAKEWSP. Copy this file to the C:\PROGRAM FILES\COMMON FILES\SIMSCI\FLUIDFLOW95\BIN directory. Now set the active project to MAINONE_CPP by selecting Set Active Project from the Project menu. Select the "Win 32 Debug" version. Select the Rebuild All option from the Build menu. IVF will build the MAINONE.EXE in the directory \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\MAKEWSP. Copy this file to the C:\PROGRAM FILES\COMMON FILES\SIMSCI\FLUIDFLOW95\BIN directory.
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Executable for
Set a breakpoint in MAINONE_CPP at command to "Run Preprocessor" and run to this breakpoint. Now you can set breakpoints in the user added routines and debug as normal.
Start IVF by selecting it from the Start menu. Select the Open Workspace option from the menu. Select file C:\SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\MAKEWSP\ MAKEWSP.SLN and click OK. Set the active project to FFPESMainDLL by selecting Set Active Project from the Project menu.
Next, you must add the file UKHS1.FOR into the project:
Select the folder "CLIENT USER FILES" and use the right mouse button to select the "Add Files to Folder" option. Add the file \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\USERSRC\UKHS1.FOR. (If this file is already in the project, a message will be displayed.) Click OK to close the window and update the project file.
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Modify the user added routine. For example, increase the liquid density by 10% (DENSE = DENSE*1.1). Select the Rebuild All option from the Build menu. IVF will build the FFPESMainDLL.DLL module in the directory \SIMSCI\PPHASE95\USERADD\MAKEWSP. Copy this file to the C:\PROGRAM FILES\COMMON FILES\SIMSCI\FLUIDFLOW95\BIN directory.
Note: To update the version identification to include the "UAS", you must rebuild D_MAINONE.DLL as described in the previous example.
Note: You may debug your routines by building this dll in debug mode as described in the previous example.
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Alternatively, after attempting to start the FLEXlm server, start the lmtools.exe utility, click on the "Server Status" button on the "Sever Status" tab, and then click the "Perform Status Enquiry" button (as shown in the Figure on the next page). Again, carefully go through the output text to find any error messages. Note that if you need to perform the server status enquiry multiple times, you can use "Edit>Clear Window" from the menu bar as this will clear the output text box for easy reading.
3-2
Installation Troubleshooting
If there are any error messages in the FLEXlm server log file or in the lmtool.exe "Server Status" output text window, try and take appropriate action to resolve the problem yourself. Examples: If you try to start the FLEXlm server on a license file not intended for the license server, you will get an authentication error. In this case, you will either need to install the license (and FLEXlm server) on the machine for which the license was generated, or contact product.request.@ips.invensys.com to issue you a license file for the machine on which the FLEXlm server is installed. Another issue could be that the licenses themselves have expired. The expiry date can either be obtained by looking at the license file, ipassi.lic, or by clicking on the "Perform Diagnostics" button on the "Server Diags" tab. If the licenses have expired, then contact product.request.@ips.invensys.com to renew your licenses. A further common error is that the FLEXlm server machine name, the second item on the SERVER line in the FLEXlm license file, is not stated correctly. An example of the server line, from a permanent license, is as follows: SERVER miawa2ca 000874fe5ea8 Or for a temporary license:
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SERVER ukfcra-g6fyq0j ANY Note, for a temporary license the ANY, the third item on the SERVER line, must be retained. If the machine name is correct in the SERVER line but the FLEXlm server is still not starting correctly, then use the IP address of the server machine instead of the machine name. For errors that you cannot resolve yourself, contact your SimSciEsscor technical support for assistance. When doing so, have the server log file available to send as this will aid in the troubleshooting. Step 2 - Ensure that the application is using FLEXlm/TOKEN security If the FLEXlm server is up and running with the correct license, but there is still a problem launching the application due to a FLEXlm/ TOKEN security error, then the focus should switch to the SimSciEsscor application side. The second step in troubleshooting FLEXlm/TOKEN security is to verify if FLEXlm/TOKEN is indeed the active license security type. This selection of license security type is made in the main initialization file (*.ini) of the application. These files are usually named after the applications they control, such as PROII.ini, PIPEPHASE.ini, DATACON.ini, etc. The easiest way to locate these ini files is to search the application directory for the *.ini file that contains the string [wss_Security]. Once you identify the ini file, you need to open the file (Notepad will work fine for this) to see what the active security type is. Search for the Type statement in the [wss_Security] section. The active security Type statement is the one that does not have a semi-colon (;) in front of it. If FLEXlm/TOKEN is not the current active security type, you will need to comment out the current active type by placing a semi-colon at the beginning of that line, and uncomment the ;Type=FLEXlm or the ;Type=TOKEN line. For example: [wss_Security] (if you are using FLEXlm 9.5 for security) Type=FLXLM95 ;Type=FLXnet11 ;Type=USB ;Type=TOKEN
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Installation Troubleshooting
;Type=TOKENnet Or [wss_Security] (if you are using TOKEN for security) Type=TOKEN ;Type=TOKENnet ;Type=FLXLM95 ;Type=FLXnet11 ;Type=USB If FLEXlm/TOKEN security was previously not the active security type and has now been made the active security type, the user should test the application to verify that the change has corrected the problem. If the FLEXlm/TOKEN security still does not work, proceed to Step 3 for further diagnosis. Step 3 - Ensure that the application is using the correct set of security files This step involves checking the security files at two levels. At the first level, the user needs to make sure that the application is actually using its own set of security files (scintf.dll, token.dll, and flxlm95.dll). Sometimes multiple copies of the security files exist on the machine and the application may be using the file(s) somewhere on the paths specified in the PATH environment variable, not the ones under its own directory. Since this will create significant confusion during security troubleshooting, it is highly recommended that all security files that are not part of any SimSciEsscor application file systems be deleted, especially the ones on the PATH environment variable. When this is done, the user can be sure exactly which security files the application is using. Step 4 - Ensure that the FLEXlm communications are functioning properly If the FLEXlm server is running correctly and the applications' licensing configuration is appropriate, but there is still a FLEXlm/ TOKEN licensing problem, turn the focus to the communications between the application machine and the FLEXlm server machine. To do this, first ping the FLEXlm server machine from the application machine to see if the communications between them are enabled. If not, the user should contact their IT personnel to resolve
PIPEPHASE 9.5 Getting Started Guide 3-5
this issue first. After the fundamental communications problem is resolved, examine the value of the environment variable IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE on the application machine to see if the value points to the intended FLEXlm server machine. If this value has been set multiple times, examining and editing the value in the registry may be necessary because the old value may be cached in the registry location. The figure below shows the registry entry for server @cms4m0ca:
Figure 3-3: Registry Editor entry for FLEXlm
The user can directly delete/edit the value of the IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE from here or run lmpath.exe to accomplish the same result. Another issue with this environment variable is that sometimes the application machine system has a problem resolving the FLEXlm server machine name into the IP address. In this case, instead of using the FLEXlm server machine name for value of IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE, use the FLEXlm server machine's IP address, such as @123.12.10.100. If the environment variable is managed correctly and the problem still persists, the user may resolve the problem based on any error messages rendered on the application side. The user should examine the contents of the FLEXlm server log file ipassi.log to see if there are any records about the license request. If there are no records at all in the server log file about this license request, then the communication between the FLEXlm client and FLEXlm server have not been established. In this case, the user needs to examine the firewall on the FLEXlm server machine to ensure that the port numbers used by the FLEXlm server (lmgrd.exe) are enabled for the communication. The port numbers used by the FLEXlm server can be found in the FLEXlm server log file ipassi.log. Example: 10:21:59 (lmgrd) lmgrd tcp-port 27000
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Installation Troubleshooting
10:22:10 (lmgrd) IPASSI using TCP-port 2601 Another possible FLEXlm communication issue may be encountered accessing FLEXlm licenses over the internet, as it may take longer for the application to connect to the FLEXlm server machine. If this takes too long, the application may prematurely timeout the connection attempt and return an error. To overcome this problem, set the environment variable FLEXLM_TIMEOUT on the application machine. The usage of this variable is as follows: Set the timeout value of a FLEXlm-licensed application when attempting to connect to a license server port in the range 2700027009. Values are in microseconds, within the range 0 through 2147483647. The default setting is 100000 microseconds. The other thing the user can do to reduce the connection time is to explicitly set the FLEXlm server ports such that the application knows exactly what ports to talk to. Please refer to Table 3-1: FLEXlm License Security-related Problems and Solutions for details on setting up explicit FLEXlm server ports.
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Table 3-1: FLEXlm License Security-related Problems and Solutions Problem Fix Can I have multiple FLEXlm servers installed and run on the same machine? Yes, it is allowed to install and simultaneously run multiple FLEXlm servers from different vendors on the same machine. When doing so, it is highly recommended that you install the servers to different locations so that they do not interfere with one another. However, multiple FLEXlm servers from the same vendor cannot run simultaneously. Only one version can be active at a time. I have multiple IPASSI license files on my FLEXlm server machine. Can I combine them into one? If those license files have an identical SERVER line, then they can be combined. Otherwise, the answer is no. After the merge, there should be only one SERVER line and one VENDOR line in the resultant license file. How do I instruct my IPASSI FLEXlm server to use multiple license files? Use lmtools.exe to configure the FLEXlm service so that the field "Path to the license file" points to the directory where the license files are located (as shown below). In addition, all the license files in the directory must have the .lic file extension name. Figure 3-4: Verify Path to the license file
Problem Fix
Problem Fix
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Installation Troubleshooting
Problem Fix
How can I make FLEXlm security work with firewall on the FLEXlm server machine? To make FLEXlm security work with firewalls, the following three components must be configured correctly. 1. Use a port number on the SERVER line in the license file as follows: SERVER host hostid [port] Example: SERVER ips-sol07 0002b303df80 27000 2. Use another port number on the VENDOR line in the license file: VENDOR vendor [port=]port Example: VENDOR IPASSI port=27001 3. On the application machine, set the value of the environment variable IPASSI_LICENSE_FILE to be 27000@ips-sol07. The port number here is the port number from the SERVER line. Make sure both the ports are enabled on the FLEXlm server machine. Ensure that the port numbers for the SERVER line and for the VENDOR line are not used by other applications on the FLEXlm server machine, and are different from each other.
4. 5.
Problem Fix
How do I automatically launch my FLEXlm server when I reboot my FLEXlm server machines? For FLEXlm servers on Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 machines, this is possible through the "Config Services" tab. On this tab, check the "Use Services" and the "Start Server at Power Up" check boxes and save the server configuration. How do I prevent my FLEXlm server from being manipulated by users on other machines? Beginning with FLEXlm 9.x, when you are starting the FLEXlm server, you can specify that users on other machines cannot shut down the FLEXlm server. To do this, go to the Start/Stop/Reread tab, select the service you are about to start, click the "Advanced settings," and check "lmdown will only work from node where lmgrd is running." Then, click "Start Server." Figure 3-5: Configuring through Start/Stop/Reread tab
Problem Fix
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Problem
If I get the message below when launching a SimSci-Esscor application, what could be going wrong? Figure 3-6: Invalid (inconsistent) license key (-8,544)
Fix
A common cause of this error is that the FLEXlm dll on the application is of version 7.2, but the FLEXlm server is 9.5. In this case, run the FLEXlm 9.5 Client Retrofit program to update the application and this should resolve the problem. How do I obtain the system information about the machine, including the host ID? The FLEXlm utility, lmtools.exe System Settings tab, is always the most accurate for checking the host ID. Note that when issuing a FLEXlm/TOKEN license, SimSci-Esscor uses Ethernet Address or Disk Volume Serial Number to bind the license. If your FLEXlm cannot start correctly, you may want to verify that the Ethernet Address or Disk Volume Serial number in the license file is consistent with that on the machine. In addition, you may check the Computer/Hostname to verify that this value is the same as the second item on the SERVER line in your license file. An example of lmtools System Settings tab display: Figure 3-7: Getting the machine information from System Settings tab
Problem Fix
How do I configure the usage of my license(s)? Use a FLEXlm options file to specify how the license(s) should be used. For detailed information, please refer to the Options File documentation. How do I include a FLEXlm options file and how would I know if the FLEXlm server is using the options file?
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Installation Troubleshooting
Fix
If you use "ipassi.opt" for the name of the options file, then simply put this options file in the FLEXlm server folder (where the lmgrd.exe and IPASSI.EXE are). When the next time the IPASSI FLEXlm server starts, it will automatically read and apply the rules in this file. If the options file does not have the default file name or is not located in the FLEXlm server folder, then you'll need to explicitly specify the options file on the VENDOR line in the license file as follows:
VENDOR IPASSI options="C:\Program Files\IPASSI\Security\FLEXlm95\ipassi.opt"
Note that if there are any spaces in the path or the file name, put double quotes around the fully qualified path as above. When an options file is in use, you should see an entry similar to that shown below in the FLEXlm server log file, ipassi.log:
16:12:11 (IPASSI) Using options file: "C:\Program Files\IPASSI\Security\FLEXlm95\ipassi.opt"
Problem Fix
Can I use a regular FLEXlm license file and a TOKEN license file under the same IPASSI FLEXlm server? Technically, this configuration should work. However, this is not recommended as the logging and reporting functionalities work differently for FLEXlm and for TOKEN security. For clarity, it is highly recommended that FLEXlm and TOKEN be installed on different license server machines. We're using FLEXlm over a wide-area network. What can we do to improve the FLEXlm licensing performance? To shorten the initial connection time between the FLEXlm Client and the FLEXlm Server over a wide-area network, you can specify the FLEXlm server port numbers in the FLEXlm license file. In this case, the Client will know exactly what ports on the Server machine to use when trying to connect to the Server. We're using FLEXlm over a slow wide-area network. What can we do to allow longer FLEXlm Client/Server initial connection time? You can set the environment variable FLEXLM_TIMEOUT to a larger value on the Client machine. This value sets the timeout period of a FLEXlm-licensed application when attempting to connect to a license server port in the range 27000-27009. Values are in microseconds, within the range 0 through 2147483647. The default setting is 100000 microseconds.
Problem Fix
Problem Fix
will not have a semi-colon (;) in front of the Type statement. If USB is not the current active security type, you will need to comment out the current active type by placing a semi-colon at the beginning of the line, and uncomment the ;Type=USB line as follows: [wss_Security] Type=USB ;Type=FLXLM95 ;Type=FLXnet11 ;Type=USB ;Type=TOKEN ;Type=TOKENnet If USB was not previously the active security type and has now been made the active security type, the user should test the application to verify that the change has corrected the problem. If the USB security still does not work, proceed to Step 2 for further diagnosis. Step 2 - Examine the USB environment on the machine For the USB security to work, the machine itself must be able to correctly detect the USB key. This step is to determine if this is the case. With the USB key plugged in, go to the Device Manager and open the Universal Serial Bus Controllers to see whether the entry for the USB key is listed correctly as illustrated below:
Figure 3-8: Verify the USB Key
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Installation Troubleshooting
If there is a conflict or problem, the USB SuperPro controller (shown as Rainbow USB SuperPro) will show up with a yellow exclamation mark or a red X (or may not show up at all). The figure on the next page shows an example of a USB driver issue, i.e. a yellow exclamation mark displayed by the USB SuperPro entry:
Figure 3-9: A typical sign of USB issue
When the machine is not detecting the USB entry correctly, please unplug the USB key from the machine and uninstall the existing USB driver from the Add/Remove Programs window as below:
Figure 3-10: Uninstall USB driver through Add/Remove Programs
After un-installing the existing USB driver, install the USB 7.0 driver. The install program for USB 7.0 driver is available from the SimSci-Esscor application install CD or from the SimSci-Esscor ESD web site. After installing the driver successfully, the Sentinel Protection Installer 7.0.0 entry should appear in the Add/Remove Programs window as follows:
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Now, plug the USB key back into the machine and go to the Device Manager again to verify that the system is correctly detecting the USB key. If the problem persists, then either the key is damaged or the computer, including the USB port, may be malfunctioning. In this case, the user will either have to try the key on another machine that has a working USB environment to determine if the key is good; or alternatively, the user can try another USB key that is known to be working on another machine to try on the "problem" machine and verify if its USB environment is functioning correctly. If the result indicates that the USB key is not functioning properly, please return the key to SimSci-Esscor technical support for further diagnosis. If the USB environment on the machine is not working correctly, the user will have to resolve the machine problem first. Another method for examining the USB environment is to use the SuperproMedic utility program (SproMedic.exe) from Rainbow Technology. The install program (SuperproMedic.exe) for this utility is available in the Utility folder in the USB 5.0 Retrofit program, which can be found in the SimSci-Esscor ESD web site. The default install location for this program is C:\Program Files\Rainbow Technologies\SuperPro\Medic. This program displays the version of the current Sentinel System Driver on the machine. Note that not all versions of Sentinel System Driver work with the SimSci-Esscor USB key. If the existing USB driver is not a good one, the SuperproMedic utility program will indicate the problem as shown in the figure below:
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Installation Troubleshooting
In this case, the user will have to unplug the USB key from the machine, un-install the current USB driver, and then re-install the USB 7.0 driver. When the utility program shows no error in the Sentinel System Driver, the user can click on the Find SuperPro button to see if it can detect the USB key. If it finds the key, the output should look similar to that shown below:
Figure 3-13: 1 Hard limit of first key found
If no keys are detected, the output is as follows (0 Hard limit of first key found):
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Step 3 - Examine the SimSci-Esscor USB key and the USB.DLL If the SproMedic.exe utility can correctly detect the USB key, the next thing to look at is the USB.DLL and the USB key. A potential problem with the USB.DLL is that it may not be recent enough to recognize the applications turned on in the USB key. To eliminate this problem, the user simply downloads the USB 5.0 Retrofit program from the Update area in the SimSci-Esscor ESD web site, and then retrofits the application accordingly to update the USB.DLL. After the retrofitting, the user can run the USBKeyCheck.exe utility program first to see if the USB key is good. If the USBKeycheck.exe program indicates that the USB key has already expired or does not contain the license to run the application, please contact the SimSci-Esscor sales representative to resolve this issue. Step 4 - Examine the copies of USB.DLL on the machine Sometimes there are multiple copies of USB.DLL existing on the machine. In this case, the application may or may not be using the newly updated USB.DLL obtained from the previous step. The SimSci-Esscor security files, including USB.DLL, should only exist inside the application folder and the application should only use its own set of security files. Should there be any SimSci-Esscor security files existing outside of all SimSci-Esscor application folders, it is highly recommended that they be deleted to eliminate the confusion, especially those that exist on the paths specified in the PATH environment variable.
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Installation Troubleshooting
Fix 1
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Make sure only similar security devices are piggybacked. INPLANT is installed on a system running Windows NT. When you run INPLANT, it produces errors relating to security. Ensure that whoever installed INPLANT had system administration rights/privileges.
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Installation Troubleshooting
4-1
You can now open a new simulation file (select File/New), open an existing file (select File/Open), or import a keyword file (select File/ Import Keyword File). The elements of the PIPEPHASE main window are described in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1: PIPEPHASE Main Window Components Component
Control-menu Box Title Bar Minimize Button Maximize/Restore Button (Not shown) Menu Bar Toolbar Main Window
Description
Displays a menu with commands for sizing, moving and closing the active window. Identifies the application and the name of the open file; can be used to move the entire window. Enables you to reduce the application to an icon. Enables you to enlarge a window to full-screen or restore a window to its default size. Identifies the menus available in PIPEPHASE: File, Edit, View, General, Special Features, and Help. Provides push button access to various File, Edit, View, General, Special Features, and Help menu options. Provides the repository for placing sources, sinks, or junction, adding links, and calculator or hydrates units, i.e., for drawing the network diagram.
Horizontal Scroll Bar Provides a sliding scale for moving the flowsheet right or left in the PIPEPHASE main window. Vertical Scroll Bar Status Bar Border Handles Provides a sliding scale for moving the flowsheet up or down in the PIPEPHASE main window. Provides guidance, focus and error messages for the active feature or object. Enables you to quickly change window height, width, or size by grabbing the corresponding border handle and dragging it to a new position.
To learn how to build a network, enter data, and run and optimize a simulation, see Chapter 6, Tutorial.
Choose Exit on the File menu <Alt+F,X>. Double-click on the Control-menu box in the upper left hand corner of the PIPEPHASE main window <Alt+F4>.
4-2
Getting Started
Minimize/Maximize By clicking on the minimize and maximize buttons, you can Buttons automatically adjust the size of a window. Border Handles You can use the window border to manually change the size of the main window. The border works like a handle that you can grab with the cursor and drag to a new position. You can also use the Control menu to Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, or Maximize a window. You can change the position of the main window (or any pop-up window) by clicking on the title bar and dragging the window to a new position.
Control-menu Box You can also use the control-menu box to move a window.
Click on the control-menu box in the top left hand corner of the PIPEPHASE main window or use <Alt+Space>. Select the Move option from the menu.
Significance
Required data. Actions or data required of the user. On the main PIPEPHASE windows and Link PFD only. Data you have supplied.
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Significance
Calculated data. Data field not available to you.
Click on the menu name or press <Alt+n> where n is the underlined letter in the menu name.
For example, to display the File menu, either click on File, or press <Alt+F>.
Figure 4-2: File Menu Figure 4-3: Edit Menu
4-4
Getting Started
Click on the desired item. Use the arrow keys to highlight the item, then press <Enter>. Use the accelerator keys.
File Manipulation Buttons Structure and Unit Operation Buttons Calculation Options, Optimization, and Property Buttons Zoom and Redraw Buttons
Note: Grayed out icons indicate that the functions are currently in passive mode and will become active when necessary.
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Description
Enables you to create a new simulation Enables you to open an existing simulation
Import Keyword File Enables you to import an existing input file Save Run Excel Reports Sim4Me Enables you to save an open simulation Enables you to run the simulation Enables you to create Excel Reports Enables you to open Sim4Me Portal
and open files from locations with file path length of up to 120 characters and file name length of up to 64 characters.
4-6
Getting Started
Button
Description
Enables you to specify your input units of measurements
Component Library Enables you to specify your component slate for compositional fluids PVT Data Enables you to specify your thermodynamic or PVT data
Calculation Methods Enables you to enter network calculation methods Global Defaults Optimization Data Enables you to enter global defaults Enables you to enter network optimization data
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The properties of the fluid(s) flowing through the piping system, The flowrates and conditions at which those fluids enter and leave the piping system, The structure and elements of the piping system, and Other special processes you want to simulate, such as Gas Lift Analysis.
Properties of Fluids
Compositional
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The fluid type controls how the program is able to obtain the physical properties necessary for pressure drop and heat transfer calculations either from the PIPEPHASE databank, from built-in empirical correlations, or from user-supplied input. Steam is a special case of a non-compositional fluid, for which PIPEPHASE software uses the GPSA steam tables. Compositional fluids are defined as mixtures of chemical components with a known composition. For compositional fluids, PIPEPHASE software will calculate the phase separation whenever prevailing process fluid conditions are required. However, you may instruct PIPEPHASE software to assume the fluid is one phase at all times, thus reducing the time the program takes to solve by continually bypassing the vapor-liquid equilibrium (flash) calculation. Non-compositional gases and liquids are single-phase. Blackoil is a liquid-dominated, two-phase model. Gas Condensate is a gasdominated, two-phase model. Steam is a single component, twophase model.
Optimization
PIPEPHASE software can optimize network problems of virtually any size. You can minimize or maximize any objective function or even tune your simulation to match measured data, while satisfying operational or design constraints. A PIPEPHASE model can be optimized over time resulting in efficient optimized design, planning, forecasting, and operation of a field.
Link to Reservoir Simulator Models
PIPEPHASE softwares Reservoir Interface allows you to link the network simulator to Reservoir Simulation models such as the GEMS reservoir simulation model. This integrated solution provides greater simulation consistency and accuracy, resulting in savings of millions of dollars over the lifetime of a field in terms of planning and scheduling.
Flows and Conditions of Fluids
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Fluids enter piping systems at sources and leave at sinks. Fluids with different properties may enter at different sources, but they must all be of the same type. In general, you have to assign flowrates, temperatures and pressures to sources and/or sinks. For compositional fluids, you also have to assign compositions to the source fluids. The exceptions are explained below in What PIPEPHASE Calculates.
Gaslift and Sphering
Two special applications, relevant to oil production and gas transportation, can be modeled with PIPEPHASE software. You can use PIPEPHASE software to investigate the effects of lift gas on well production and optimize the allocation of limited lift gas for multiple wells. Sphering or Pigging is used to increase gas flow efficiency in wet gas and gas dominated multiphase pipelines.
Piping Structure
Before providing input problem data to PIPEPHASE software, it is important that you convert the structure of the piping system into a simpler schematic representation of the relevant nodes (i.e., sources, junctions, and sinks) and links. You must label each node and link both uniquely and logically for future reference.
What PIPEPHASE Software Calculates
PIPEPHASE software solves the equations that define the relationship between pressure drop and flowrate. PIPEPHASE software can also calculate heat losses and gains. With a single link, PIPEPHASE software will calculate the pressure drop for a known flowrate. Alternatively, for a given pressure drop, PIPEPHASE software will calculate the flowrate. With a network configuration, you may supply a combination of known flowrates and pressures at sources and/or sinks and PIPEPHASE software will calculate the unknowns. The combination of knowns that you are allowed to supply are explained later on.
Rating, Design, Case Studies, and Nodal Analysis
PIPEPHASE software works in both rating and design modes. In rating mode, you supply data about the pipes, fittings and equipment and PIPEPHASE software calculates the pressure and
4-10 Getting Started
temperature profiles. In design mode, PIPEPHASE software calculates line sizes. Case Studies can be performed in either mode. Nodal Analyses can be performed on single links.
Global Settings
Before you provide PIPEPHASE software with information about the fluid and piping structure of your problem, global parameters may be set and the problem definition described. Choices can be made on control of the simulation, define the input units, specify how much output you want, and set global defaults for use throughout the simulation.
To provide...
Descriptive text You can further describe the problem using up to four lines of 60 characters each. This description appears once at the top of each page.
See...
Simulation Description
If you are using the Case Study facility, you may add Simulation one line of description for each case study. You will Description find further details about case studies later in this chapter. If you are using the Nodal Analysis facility, you may Simulation add two lines of description, one for inflow and one Description for outflow. You will find further details about nodal analysis later in this chapter. Input data checking You may use PIPEPHASE software just to check your input syntax and topology and not to perform any calculations. Run Simulation and View Results
Units of Measurement
PIPEPHASE software allows you to construct a group of units of measure (or dimensions) which are to be used throughout the entire simulation input. However, you can locally override individual units of measure where necessary. The output will
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always be in the units supplied on the Input Dimensions window, unless specific output overrides or supplements are provided on the Output Dimensions window.
To provide... See...
Input units Global units of measurement are defined at the Input Dimensions beginning of the input. PIPEPHASE software has four pre-selected sets for user convenience: Petroleum, English, Metric, and SI. You should select the set closest to your requirements. You can then re-define units of measurement either globally at the start of the input or individually when you supply the data. If you do not select a set, PIPEPHASE software defaults to the Petroleum set.
Printout Options
PIPEPHASE software generates a great deal of data during its calculations. The default printout is normally sufficient for most engineering applications. You may increase or decrease the amount of output depending upon your requirements.
To set the...
Output units The default units of measurement for output are the same as those defined globally for the input. You may define a separate set of units for the output.
See...
Output Dimensions
Input reprint
You will always get a reprint of your input file. Print Options PIPEPHASE software then reprints its interpretation of the input. You may suppress this interpretation for the output. During solution of a network, PIPEPHASE software Print Options iterates until it converges to within the set tolerance. You can request a printout that shows intermediate results. This can be useful in helping converge large or sensitive networks. In a compositional run, PIPEPHASE software prints out Print Options phase equilibrium details and the properties of the phases at each node. This output can be suppressed. You can request a range of detail for different devices. In Print Options addition, special outputs are produced for sphering. PIPEPHASE software can output all properties used in the detailed calculations. Print Options
Iterative results
Flash results
In addition to tabular data, plots of pressure and Print Options temperature versus distance may be requested. The Taitel-Dukler flow regime map may also be produced for links operating in two-phase flow. Phase Envelope and Nodal Analysis plots may also be generated.
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Getting Started
To set the...
See...
Results Access Using the PIPEPHASE RAS, you may examine data that PIPEPHASE System (RAS) have been produced by a run of the program. You may RAS Main also print or plot the results using Excel spreadsheet. Window Optimizer Output You can set the printout level of optimizer cycle results Print Options and control the output of the intermediate results.
Defaults
Many of PIPEPHASE softwares data items are defaulted. If you do not explicitly specify an item or a calculation method, the program will automatically assign a value or method. These values for example 29 BTU/hr-ft-oF for pipe thermal conductivity and the Moody method for single-phase pressure drop calculations have been selected to be reasonable for normal engineering purposes, but are not necessarily the best for your particular application. They are there for your convenience and are not intended to replace engineering judgement. You should check that you do not get invalid results through their use. For convenience, PIPEPHASE software allows you to change some defaults globally at the start of the input.
To define...
Flow device parameters
See...
You can specify global values for the pipe, riser, tubing Global Defaults and annulus inside diameter, the surrounding medium, and the parameters associated with pressure drop and heat transfer. You can override these settings for individual pipes.
Heat Transfer You can define the heat transfer from pipes, risers, Global Defaults tubings, and annuli as an overall coefficient or by defining the parameters - viscosity, conductivity, velocity, etc. - for the surrounding soil, air, or water. You can select a medium and optionally override these settings for individual pipes. You can globally suppress heat transfer calculations and then reinstate them for individual pipes, risers, tubings, and annuli. Pressure drop You can globally set the pressure drop method and the Global Defaults methods Palmer parameters for liquid holdup. You can override the pressure drop method for individual pipes, risers, tubings, and annuli. Transitional flow Limits You can globally set the transitional Reynolds Number Global Defaults between laminar and turbulent flow regimes. You can change the maximum and minimum values of Global Defaults temperature and pressure for flash calculations. If the program detects conditions outside these limits, warning messages will be presented in the output.
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Selecting individual components from the PIPEPHASE library, Defining individual components as petroleum pseudocomponents, Defining an assay curve and having PIPEPHASE software divide it into petroleum cuts.
The compositional fluid can be defined in terms of any combination of these options. You can have different compositions at each source.
Water as a Special Component
PIPEPHASE software can rigorously predict phase separations involving more than one liquid phase. However, there is a simplified way of dealing with water in hydrocarbon systems.
4-14 Getting Started
Because water is only sparingly soluble in oil, a hydrocarbon system with a significant amount of water will often form two liquid phases. PIPEPHASE software will handle calculations involving water in hydrocarbons by one of three methods:
Rigorous three-phase flash to calculate composition in three phases. It can calculate the solubility of water in the hydrocarbon phase and put the excess water into a pure aqueous phase. All the aqueous phase properties will be calculated separately from those of the hydrocarbon phase. It can assume that the water is completely soluble.
Library Components
The SIMSCI library contains over 1700 components. A full list is available in the SIMSCI Component and Thermodynamic Data Input Manual. For all components, the databank contains data for all the fixed properties and temperature-dependent properties necessary to carry out phase equilibrium calculations. For all common components, the databank also contains a full set of transport properties necessary to carry out pressure drop and heat transfer calculations. If you need to supplement the data, or override the library data with your own, you may do so.
Non-library Components
You may use components not found in the SIMSCI library. You must input all the necessary data for thermodynamic and transport properties. If you need help in determining data for such components, you may use SIMSCIs DATAPREP program.
To specify...
Library All fixed property data may be accessed from components the SIMSCI databank. All you need to do is supply the name of the component. You may override the SIMSCI constant properties for any or all of the components. You may override the SIMSCI variable (temperature-dependent) properties for any or all of the components. Non-library If you want to use a component that is not in components the SIMSCI Bank, you must supply its name and all the required properties.
See...
Component Data, Library Component Data Component Data, Edit Library Component SIMSCI Component and Thermodynamic Data Input Manual
To define hydrocarbon pseudocomponents, you must supply at least two of the following three parameters:
PIPEPHASE software will predict the third if you omit it. PIPEPHASE software uses industry-standard characterization methods to predict all fixed and temperature-dependent property data for each pseudocomponent. You may select the method most suitable for your own mixture.
To supply ...
Pseudo Define petroleum pseudocomponents by supplying components at least two of the following: molecular weight, gravity, and normal boiling point. Property You may select the method PIPEPHASE software calculation will use to calculate the properties of your methods pseudocomponents. Fixed Property Data Variable Property Data You can supply your own fixed property data to override the data that PIPEPHASE software predicts. You can supply your own temperature-dependent property data to override the data that PIPEPHASE software predicts.
See...
Component
Component Data
Assay Curve
If your fluid is defined by an assay curve (TBP, D86, D2887, or D1160), PIPEPHASE software will divide it into a number of cuts. You can control the number of cuts and the ranges they cover. Each of the cuts is then treated as a pseudocomponent, as described previously. You may also define a lightends analysis to go with the assay curve.
To supply ...
Assay Data You supply an assay curve, and PIPEPHASE software will divide it into petroleum cuts. You supply it in the form of D86, D1160, D2887, TBP, or TBP at 10 mm Hg curves. You must also supply gravity as API or specific gravity or UOP K-factor either as a curve against percent vaporized or as an average value.
See...
Component Data
Component Data
4-16
Getting Started
To supply ...
PIPEPHASE software will calculate molecular weight data, or you may supply it as an average or a curve against percent vaporized. You may define the number of petroleum fractions to be generated and their temperature ranges. You may select the method PIPEPHASE software will use to calculate the properties of the generated petroleum fractions. Mixed You can mix defined components and component pseudocomponents with assay data by defining a types lightends composition and rate for each source.
See...
Component Data
Component Data
All the features of SIMSCIs industry-standard component property databank and methods have been incorporated into PIPEPHASE software. These are summarized in Table 4-3. For details of these methods and their applicability, please consult the SIMSCI Component and Thermodynamic Data Input Manual, in the chapter detailed below.
Properties You may define the structure of non-library components from Structure for use with the UNIFAC thermodynamic method.
PIPEPHASE software can use a generalized correlation, an equation of state, or a liquid activity method to calculate thermodynamic properties at the flowing conditions and hence predict the split between the liquid and vapor phases. The choice of the thermodynamic property calculation method depends on the components in the fluid and the prevailing temperatures and
4-17
pressures. PIPEPHASE software also provides a number of methods that can rigorously calculate vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium. Table 4-4 gives recommendations for the commonly found pipeline systems.
Table 4-4: Recommended Methods for Thermodynamic Properties Method Property
K-value Heavy Hydrocarbon Systems Braun K10 (<100 psia) Grayson-Streed Peng-Robinson Soave-Redlich-Kwong Light Hydrocarbon Systems Natural Gas Systems
Peng-Robinson Peng-Robinson Soave-Redlich-Kwong Soave-Redlich-Kwong Lee-Kesler-Plcker Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling Chao-Seader Peng-Robinson Soave-Redlich-Kwong Lee-Kesler-Plcker BWRS Curl-Pitzer Lee- Kesler API Lee-Kesler Peng-Robinson Soave-Redlich-Kwong
Enthalpy Curl-Pitzer Johnson-Grayson Lee-Kesler Peng-Robinson Soave-Redlich-Kwong Liquid Density Vapor Density API Lee-Kesler
To specify...
K-values, You must select a thermodynamic method for enthalpy, density calculating the vapor-liquid equilibrium and mixture properties from component properties. Either select a system with a predefined method for each property, or select an individual method for each property. Vapor-liquidliquid equilibria You can specify a VLLE thermodynamic system or K-value method or specify a second LLE K-value method.
See...
Thermodynamic Methods
Different enthalpy You must include two enthalpy methods, one methods for for the liquid and one for the vapor. liquid and vapor Different density methods for liquid and vapor Aqueous phase enthalpy You must include two density methods, one for the liquid and one for the vapor. If you have water in a hydrocarbon system, you may select a method for calculating aqueous liquid and vapor enthalpies either by a simplified method which assumes that the steam is at its saturation point or by a rigorous method which takes into account the degree of superheat of the vapor, if any.
4-18
Getting Started
To specify...
Binary interaction For some systems, notably close-boiling parameters mixtures, the standard equations do not adequately reproduce experimental phase equilibria data. You may improve the predictability of many of the equations of state, or liquid activity coefficient methods by inputting your own binary interaction parameter values. For example, you can tune the PR, SRK, BWRS and LKP equations.
See...
Thermodynamic Methods
Transport Properties
The SIMSCI databank contains pure component data for the thermal conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity of liquids and vapors as functions of temperature. You can choose to use these data and simple mixing rules to predict the flowing properties of the fluid. Alternatively you can choose to use the API Data Book property prediction methods and mixing rules for mixed hydrocarbons. Some 60 of the bank components have data for viscosity and thermal conductivity from the GPA TRAPP program. If you choose to use the TRAPP data, all of your components must be TRAPP components and you cannot have any pseudocomponents or assay data.
To specify...
Prediction You may choose a method for calculating bulk methods transport properties from component properties. Select a system with predefined methods for each property, or select an individual method for each property. Overriding To override the mixture liquid viscosity predictions, viscosity you may supply a liquid viscosity curve for either the hydrocarbon liquid phase, the water phase or the total liquid. A different viscosity curve may be supplied for each source.
See...
Thermodynamic
Methods
Thermodynamic
Methods, User Viscosity Data
In most cases, a single set of thermodynamic and transport methods is adequate for calculating properties of all sources. However, your flowsheet may contain sources with widely varying compositions or
4-19
conditions such that they cannot be simulated accurately using just one set. For this, you may define more than one set of methods (there is no limit) and apply different sets to different sources.
To specify...
More than one For each set use a separate METHOD thermodynamic set statement. Name the set using the SET keyword. The set used by a source Link the source to the thermodynamic set using the SET keyword.
See...
A default When a single set is present, all sources thermodynamic set use that set. If you do not link the source to a thermodynamic set, it will use the default set. Normally this is the first set that appears in the input. You can stipulate that another set is the default, by setting that set as the default.
All of SIMSCIs industry-standard thermophysical property calculation methods have been incorporated into PIPEPHASE software. These are summarized in Table 4-5. For details of these methods and their applicability, please consult Chapter 2 in the SIMSCI Component and Thermodynamic Data Input Manual.
Table 4-5: Summary of Other Thermodynamic Options
Generalized Grayson-Streed Correlations Improved-Grayson-Streed Grayson-Streed-Erbar Braun-K10 Equations of Soave-Redlich-Kwong State SRK-Kabadi-Danner SRK-Huron-Vidal SRK-Panagiotopoulos-Reid SRK-Modified SRK-SIMSCI SRK-Hexamer Chao-Seader Chao-Seader-Erbar Ideal Panagiotopoulos-Reid Peng-Robinson PR-Huron-Vidal PR-Panagiotopoulos-Reid BWRS Uniwaals
4-20
Getting Started
See...
Supply different You may supply specific gravities for each data for different source. sources
Liquid
All properties of a non-compositional liquid are calculated by PIPEPHASE software from the specific gravity and built-in correlations.
To...
Define the liquid You must define the liquid as water or hydrocarbon, and supply its gravity. If the liquid is water, the specific gravity must be 1.0 or greater. For liquid hydrocarbon, the specific gravity must be less than 1.0. You may define the method that PIPEPHASE software uses to predict non-compositional liquid viscosity.
See...
4-21
To...
Override viscosity You may supply liquid viscosity data to data override the internally predicted data. You may define the viscosity as a single value or as a two-point viscosity curve. Specify the specific heat You may supply a single constant value for liquid specific heat to override the internally predicted data.
See...
Gas
All properties of a non-compositional gas are calculated by PIPEPHASE software from the specific gravity and the built-in correlations.
To...
Define the gas A non-compositional gas is defined in terms of its gravity, and PIPEPHASE software will use the appropriate correlations to predict its properties.
See...
Single Phase Gas PVT Data Single Phase Gas PVT Data Single Phase Gas PVT Data Single Phase Gas PVT Data Single Phase Gas PVT Data
Specify the You may define the method that PIPEPHASE viscosity method software uses to predict non-compositional gas viscosity. Define the Cp/Cv A gas specific heat ratio may be defined to ratio override the internal value used as default. Define a contaminant Supply the gas Z-factor One or more of the following gas contaminants may also be defined: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen sulfide. The method that PIPEPHASE software uses to predict a non-compositional compressibility factor may also be defined.
Steam
4-22
Getting Started
Steam is a non-compositional fluid that is allowed to exist in two phases. You cannot override the steam table data contained within PIPEPHASE softwares data libraries. However, all pressure drop correlations which are available to compositional fluids are also available to the steam model.
To...
Use the steam If the fluid is steam, use PIPEPHASE software s tables internal steam tables. You may specify that the gravity of the condensed water is more than 1.0 to take into account dissolved solids. Specify saturated steam You may specify steam quality if the steam is saturated. Specify the temperature and quality if the steam is superheated or the water is subcooled.
See...
Source
Gas Condensate
Gas condensate is a multiphase non-compositional fluid with gas predominating. All properties of gas condensate are calculated by PIPEPHASE software from the specific gravity and the built-in correlations.
To...
Define the condensate A gas condensate is defined in terms of its gravity, and PIPEPHASE software will use the appropriate correlations to predict its properties.
See...
Gas Condensate PVT Data Gas Condensate PVT Data Gas Condensate PVT Data
Define the You must supply specific gravity data for gas, specific gravity liquid and water phases, even if you do not expect them all to be present. Define a contaminant One or more of the following gas contaminants may also be defined: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen sulfide.
Blackoil
Blackoil is a multiphase fluid model which predicts properties from the gas gravity, oil gravity, and the standard volume of gas per standard unit volume of oil.
To...
Define the Blackoil Blackoil is defined in terms of the gravity of its oil and gas and the Gas to Oil ratio. PIPEPHASE software will use the appropriate correlations to predict its properties. You must supply specific gravity data for gas, liquid, and water phases, even if you do not expect them all to be present. You may optionally enter liquid viscosity data in the form of a two-point Antoine curve.
See...
To...
Define a contaminant One or more of the following gas contaminants may also be defined: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or hydrogen sulfide.
See...
Adjust properties You may adjust the properties that PIPEPHASE software calculates from its built-in correlations so that they more closely fit measured laboratory data. Define Lift Gas When you have a GLVALVE in the simulation, you need to define the lift gas in terms of Gravity and (optionally) contaminants. If laboratory data are available, you may input them and override the PIPEPHASE software internally generated data. If you use tabular data, you must input all data: Formation Volume Factor, Solution Gas Oil Ratio, Live Viscosity, and Gravity. The method that PIPEPHASE software uses to predict a non-compositional compressibility factor may be defined.
Blackoil Liftgas
Data
Tabular Data
Correlations Data
Specify the You may define the method that PIPEPHASE viscosity method software uses to predict viscosities and blending rules. Specify formation You may define the methods that PIPEPHASE volume factor software uses to calculate formation volume and solution gas factor and solution gas oil ratio. oil ratio methods
Correlations Data
Correlations Data
sources that are in the standard black oil format (see description of blackoil inputs),
with
sources that are in the standard compositional format (see description of compositional inputs).
PIPEPHASE software treats the combined fluid model as a blackoil model; flash calculations are used to define the appropriate blackoil properties for the compositional sources. The inputs to the compositional blackoil model are thus a combination of the inputs to separate compositional and blackoil models.
4-24
Getting Started
See...
Sources
A source is a point at which fluid enters the piping system. You define a source by supplying parameters such as composition, temperature, pressure, and flowrate. You can have more than one source in a network.
Compositional Sources
To specify...
Defined You must define the total flowrate and components composition of the source stream. Components can be either from the PIPEPHASE component library or defined as pseudocomponents. Assay data A source fluid may be defined by an assay curve. You can combine library components and/or petroleum pseudocomponents with an assay curve by supplying a lightend analysis. To override the internally generated fluid viscosity data, you may specify a viscosity curve in the PVT data section. To reduce redundant data entry, you may refer to a predefined source. Parameters may be specified to override the parameters that are different.
See...
Compositional Source
Compositional Source
4-25
Non-compositional Sources
To specify...
Steam sources You must define the pressure and quality of a saturated steam source. The temperature must be specified only if the steam is superheated (Quality=100%) or subcooled (Quality=0%). One or more sets of fluid property data are defined in the PVT data section. You must assign a unique set number to each data set. Each source must be referred to the appropriate data set number.
See...
Steam Source
Blackoil Source
Well In-flow You may specify the IPR of a well source for a Performance single link with gas, liquid, blackoil or condensate. The IPR Model is treated as a device and is available from the Link window. You may also supply well test data. Similar sources If one source is the same as or similar to another, you may refer it to the other source. PIPEPHASE software will copy all the data from one source to the other. You may then override the parameters that are different.
Reference Source
See...
Network Calculation
Methods
4-26
Getting Started
PIPEPHASE software solves networks iteratively. Whichever algorithm you use, PIPEPHASE software starts with an initial estimate of flowrates in all links and pressures at all nodes and it adjusts these values until it has reached a converged solution within a predefined tolerance. Because of the complex nature of some networks, PIPEPHASE software allows you to make adjustments to several parameters that helps to modify the iteration steps and stabilize the convergence.
To specify...
Automatic PBAL has a choice of methods for generating initial generation of estimates. By default, PBAL generates flowrate Initial estimates estimates by considering the diameters of the first pipe in each link. An alternative method uses the frictional resistances of the pipes in each link. A third method solves the first iteration with MBAL before going into PBAL. Finally, if you have solved this network before and just changed some of the conditions, you may instruct the program to use your previous solution as its initial estimate. User-supplied You may also provide individual estimates for initial estimates junction pressures and link flowrates. Maximum and For any link, you may specify the maximum and minimum flows minimum flows that are to be allowed. Controlling convergence In some difficult networks, convergence of the base case can be improved by adjusting various convergence parameters: for example, damping, relaxation, internal tolerances, etc. Refer to Chapter 6, Technical Reference in the PIPEPHASE Keyword Manual, for details.
See...
Network
Calculation Methods
Junction,
Link Data
Direction of flow If you know the flow direction in all links, you can specify that PIPEPHASE software not try to reverse them from iteration to iteration. Solution tolerance Controlling optimization The network calculation converges when the error is within a given tolerance. You may optionally change this tolerance. You can adjust a number of optimization options: for example, the fractional change in the objective function or decision variables, damping, or error tolerances.
Network Network
Optimization
Calculation time If PIPEPHASE software does not converge within a certain number of iterations, it will stop and report the results of the last iteration. You may reduce or increase the maximum number of iterations. To reduce calculation time in large compositional runs, you may control the number of fluid property evaluations that are performed in each link for the PBAL initialization procedure.
Network
Calculation Options
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To specify...
Closed loops If you have inadvertently specified your network so that closed loops are formed, PIPEPHASE software will report these and, optionally, take remedial action. Pipes, tubing, risers, and annuli are divided into segments for pressure drop and heat transfer calculations. You can change either the number of segments or the length of segments for greater calculational accuracy. Alternatively, you can select PIPEPHASE softwares autosegmentation feature to automatically select the best segmentation options for your network. You may allow regulators (unidirectional check valves) to pass a small backward flow. Critical flow in chokes can cause difficulties for convergence algorithms. To help PIPEPHASE software solve such networks, you can allow a linear broadening of the critical flow regime. You can prevent well flows from falling below the minimum required to transport fluid in a twophase system.
See...
Network
Convergence Data
Pipe segments
Network
Segmentation Data
Check valves
Network Network
Wells
Network
Calculation Methods
Single links
A single link has one source, one sink, and no junctions. There are three variables:
The source flowrate (which is also the sink flowrate), The source pressure, and The sink pressure.
You must specify two of these, and PIPEPHASE software will calculate the third.
To specify...
Sources You must have only one source. Sinks Links If the source pressure and rate are known, a sink pressure and rate need not be defined. You do not need to specify the flowrate or pressure drop in a link; all you need to define are the pipes, fittings, and equipment. Enter the link device data in the sequence in which the fluid flows through them. You can have any combination of pipes, fittings, and process equipment items, in any order.
See...
4-28
Getting Started
Networks
A network generally has more than one link and one or more junctions. The variables are the pressure and flowrate at each source and sink. You specify the values of the variables that are known, and PIPEPHASE software will calculate the unknowns. In order not to under- or over-specify the system, simple rules must be followed in constructing the problem:
You must specify a number of knowns equal to the total number of sources and sinks. You must specify at least one pressure. If any source or sink flowrate is an unknown, you must supply an estimate. If you do not know a pressure at a source, sink, or junction, you do not need to supply an estimate. You may specify estimates to speed up convergence.
See...
To specify...
Sources and You must have at least one source and at least one sinks sink. Junctions You must have a junction at the point where two or more links meet. If your network is complex, you may speed up the solution by supplying estimates for the junction pressures. You must supply a unique name for each link. If your network is complex, you may speed up the solution by supplying estimates for flowrates through each link. PIPEPHASE software can model preferential splitting at Tee junctions in pure distribution networks. These junctions can have only two outgoing and one incoming link.
Links
Steam networks
Junction
Subnetworks PIPEPHASE software has a number of devices that invoke a special algorithm. You may specify the inlet conditions; PIPEPHASE software breaks the flowsheet at the inlet and solves the resulting subnetworks simultaneously and sizes the device.
Mcompressor,
Mchoke Mregulator
Sources and sinks must be named. The devices in the link must be added in the order in which they occur in the link as you move from the From node to the To node. The flow devices that PIPEPHASE software can handle are given in Table 4-6.
Table 4-6: Flow Devices and Equipment Available in PIPEPHASE Software Device Flow Devices
Pipe Annulus Tubing Inflow Performance Relationship
Point Devices
Completion
- have no length
Bottomhole completion, the interface between the reservoir and a well. There are two types of completion: gravel-packed and open-perforated.
Fittings
Bend Check valve Choke valve A standard mitred bend or non-standard bend with defined angle and radius. Device that allows flow in only one direction. Restricts fluid flow. MCHOKE, a variant of CHOKE, introduces a discontinuity into a network which is solved using a special sub-networking method. Reduction in diameter from larger to smaller pipe. Variable angle. Entrance into a pipe from a larger volume such as a vessel. Exit from a pipe to a larger volume such as a vessel. Increase in diameter from smaller to larger pipe. Variable angle. Flow restriction used in metering. Orifice meter. Orifice plate can use thick or thin calculation formulae. Tee piece. Flow may be straight on or through the branch. Any type of valve, e.g., gate, globe, angle, ball, butterfly, plug, cock.
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Getting Started
Table 4-6: Flow Devices and Equipment Available in PIPEPHASE Software Device
Venturimeter Compressor
Description
Venturi flow meter. Simple single or multistage gas compressor.
Process Equipment
Multistage Compressor Cooler DPDT Expander Gaslift Valve Heater Injection Pump Regulator Rigorous single or multistage gas compressor with optional inlet pressure calculation. Uses a special sub-networking method. Removes heat from a stream. Any device that changes pressure and/or temperature with flowrate. Steam expander. Well gaslift valve. Adds heat to a stream. Re-introduces a stream from a compositional separator back into a link. Single or multistage liquid pump. An electric submersible pump may be modeled. Means of fixing maximum pressure at any point in the structure. MREGULATOR, a variant of REGULATOR, introduces a discontinuity into a network which is solved using a special sub-networking method. Splits some or all of one of the fluid phases from a link.
Separator
Unit Operations
Hydrates Calculator Predicts the temperature/pressure regime under which hydrates are prone to form. A utility that allows you to compute results from flowsheet parameters. These results can then be used as optimizer constraints or objective parameters.
See...
Pressure Drop
Flow Correlations
4-31
To specify...
You may choose a different method for an individual device. If you do not choose a method for a device, PIPEPHASE software will use the method you selected globally.
See...
Pressure Drop
Flow Correlations
Table 4-7 lists the pressure drop methods recommended for multiphase flow in horizontal and inclined pipes.
Table 4-7: Applicability of Multiphase Flow Correlations
Pipe Method Beggs & Brill Beggs & Brill - Moody
1
Horizontal and Upward Downward Riser Tubing Annulus Inclines <10o Incline Incline X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Beggs & Brill - No slip Beggs & Brill - Moody-Eaton3 Beggs & Brill - Moody-Dukler3 Beggs & Brill - Moody-Hagedorn & Brown Mukherjee & Brill2 Mukherjee & Ansari Orkiszewski Duns & Ros Hagedorn & Brown Hagedorn & Brown - Beggs & Brill Aziz Gray (not applicable for Compositional) Gray - Moody (not applicable for Compositional) Angel-Welchon-Ross Eaton Eaton-Flannigan Dukler Dukler-Flannigan Lockhart & Martinelli Dukler-Eaton-Flannigan Olimens OLGA4 Brill-Eaton3
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Getting Started
In general, this method is recommended because it performs reasonably well for the widest range of flow condition. This method is recommended for pipelines with low liquid holdup in hilly terrain. These non-standard hybrid models should be used only after matching measured data. These models are available as add-ons through your SIMSCI representative.
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