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Bai Tap Tong Hop Ancol On Thi Dai Hoc
Bai Tap Tong Hop Ancol On Thi Dai Hoc
A. L THUYT
I. Cng thc ng phn- Tn gi
Bi 1. Gi tn thng thng (gc chc), tn IUPAC v cho bit bc ca cc ancol sau :
a) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
b) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
c) (CH3)3COH
d) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
e) CH2=CH-CH2OH
g) C6H5CH2OH
-Vit cng thc cu to ca cc ancol sau :
a) Ancol isobutylic
b) Ancol isoamylic
c) 2-metylhexan-3-ol
Bi 2. Hy vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ancol ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C 4H10O, C5H12O, C6H12O
Bi 3. Vit CTCT
a. Ru bc I c CTPT C6H14O
b. Ru thm c CTPT C8H10O
c. Ru a chc c CTPT C3H8O2
Bi 4. Vit CTCT
a. Hp cht n chc c CTPT C4H10O v gi tn
b. Ru khng no c CTPT C4H8O
Bi 5. Vit CTTQ ca ru a. no n chc, h
b. no a chc mch h
c. ru tng qut
Bi 6. Cho ru A c CTPT C5H12O , A phn ng vi CuO ,t 0 to ra B phn ng trng gng (dd AgNO 3/NH3) .Khi tch H 2O ca A
bng ddH2SO4 c nng ch thu c sn phm duy nht C khng lm mt mu ddBr 2 k thng. Tm CTCT A, B, C vit ptpu
v gi tn A
Bi 7. Cho ru X c CTPT C8H10O, A phn ng vi CuO, t 0 to ra Y phn ng trng gng (dd AgNO 3/NH3). Khi tch H2O ca A
bng ddH2SO4 c nng 1700C thu c sn phm Z, trng hp Z c polime T . Tm CTCT X, Y, Z, T v vit ptpu
Bi 8. iu kin mt ru a chc ha tan c Cu(OH) 2/OH- : phi c 2 nhm OH- lin kt vi hai nguyn t C gn nhau. Hy
cho bit ru C4H10O2 c bao nhiu CTCT ha tan c Cu(OH) 2/OH- cho dung dch mu xanh.
Bi 9. Cho A c CTCT HO-C 6H4-CH2OH .Vit ptpu ca A vi : ddHCl, Na, NaOH, CuO nung nng.
Bi 10. Trong tinh du bc h c mentol, tinh du hoa hng c geraniol. Cng thc thu gn nht ca chng cho bi khi nim v
tecpen.
a) Hy vit cng thc thu gn, phn loi v gi tn chng theo IUPAC.
b) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng khi cho tc dng vi Br 2 d v vi CuO un nng.
II. Tnh cht vt l.
Bi 1. a. Trong dd ru tn ti bao nhiu loi lin kt hidro. Vit cng thc biu din
b. Trong hn hp ru etylic v phenol tn ti bao nhiu loi lin kt hidro. Vit cng thc biu din
Bi 2. so snh nhit si ca cc cht cho di y(sp xp theo chiu tng dn):
ru etylic, ru propylic, propan, clopropan, axit fomic. Gii thch
III. Tnh cht cht ha hc v iu ch.
Bi 1
1.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng trc tip iu ch ru tylic, Glyxrin. Phn ng no dng sn xut cng
nghip ?
2.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch ru tylic; ru Mtylic; ru Alytic; Glyxrin; Propandiol -1,2;
rru Benzylic t vi v than . . .
3.
Nu nguyn tc chung chuyn ru t bc 1 thnh bc 2 v t ru bc 2 thnh bc 3 ? Cho v d minh ho
4.
ru l g ? Cho v d
Bi 2. Cho cc ru c cng thc l C 3H8On
1.
Vit cng thc cu to ca cc ru v gi tn
2.
Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho cc ru trn tc dng vi Na, CuO/t0, Cu(OH)2, HNO3, CH3COOH/H2SO4 c
nng
Bi 3: Cho s bin ho sau :
C2H4
B
A
C2H5OH
xt
G
H2O
Cl2
C2H5Cl
+D
xt
E
A
A
+C
C2H5OH
NaOH
Na
A, B, C, . . . l k hiu ca cc cht v c v hu c. hon thnh s phn ng. Bit A cha 2 nguyn t Ccbon
Bi 4. Hy vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng v gi tn cc sn phm hu c to thnh trong cc trng hp sau :
a) Propan-2-ol tc dng vi H 2SO4 c 140oC.
b) Metanol tc dng vi H 2SO4 c to thnh imetyl sunfat.
c) Propan-2-ol tc dng vi KBr v H 2SO4 un nng.
d) Ancol isoamylic tc dng vi H 2SO4 c 180oC.
Bi 5. Bng phng php ho hc, hy phn bit cc cht trong cc nhm sau :
a) Butyl metyl ete, butan-1,4-iol v etylen glicol (etan-1,2-iol)
Cu 18: Cho 11g hn hp gm hn hp gm hai ancol no n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na
thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (kc). Vit CTPT v CTCT ca hai ancoltrn?
Cu 19: Cho 28,2g hn hp hai ancol no n chc, mch h k nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na (ly d), sinh ra 8,4 lt
kh H2 (kc). Vit CTCT ca hai ancol v tnh thnh phn % v khi lng ca chng trong hn hp, bit phn ng xy ra hon ton?
Cu 20: Cho 28,2gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na thu c 8,4 lt
H2(ktc). Vit CTCT ca hai ancol trn v tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca chng, bit phn ng xy ra hon ton?
Cu 21: Cho 25,8gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na d thu c 5,6 lt H 2(ktc).
Vit CTPT ca hai ru trn v tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca chng ?
Cu 22: Hn hp A cha Glixerol v mt ancol no, n chc, mch h. Cho 20,3 gam A tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,04lt H 2 (ktc)
mt khc 8,12gam A ha tan va ht 1,96gam Cu(OH)2. Hy xc nh CTPT v % khi lng ca ancol trong hn hp A?
s:C4H9OH(54,95%)
Cu 23. t chy hon ton m gam 2 ancol l ng ng k tip ca nhau thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 7,65 g H2O. Mt khc nu cho m
gam hn hp 2 ancol trn tc dng vi Na th thu c 2,8 lt kh H2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT vit CTCT ca hai ancol trn?
Cu 24: t chy 23g mt hp cht hu c A thu c 44g CO2 v 27g H2O.
a/Chng minh rng A l mt hp cht no c cha Oxi.
b/Xc nh CTCT ca A bit rng A tc dng vi Na to ra kh H2 .
c/Mt hn hp X gm A v mt hp cht B thuc cng dy ng ng vi A, khi lng ca X l 18,8g. X tc dng vi Na d to
ra 5,6lt H2 (kc). Xc inh B v thnh phn hn hp X?
Cu 25: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm ancol etylic v ancol propylic phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt H 2(ktc). Tnh thnh phn
% khi lng cc ru c trong hn hp?
Cu 26. Chia m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol A v B thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
Phn 1 : Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,68 lt H2 (ktc)
Phn 2 : t chy hon ton thu c 9,9 gam CO2 v 6,75 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m ?
DNG 3: PHN NG TCH NC TO ANKEN-ETE
Bi 1. un nng 7,8 gam mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 6 gam hh Y gm 3 ete.
Bit 3 ete c s mol bng nhau v phn ng xy ra hon ton. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ancol?
Bi 2. Cho 11g hn hp 2 ancol n chc vo bnh ng Na (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt H 2 ( ktc). Nu cho hh ancol vo dung dch
H2SO4 c 1400C thu c mg ete ( hiu sut phn ng t 80%). Gi tr ca m?
Bi 3. un nng 7,8 gam mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 6 gam hh Y gm 3 ete.
Bit 3 ete c s mol bng nhau v phn ng xy ra hon ton. CTPT ca 2 ancol?
Bi 4. khi un nng m gam ancol no n chc mch h X vi H 2SO4 c lm xc tc nhit thch hp thu c m 2 gam hp cht
hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi X l 0,7. X CTCT ca X?
Bi 5: un nng mt hn hp gm hai ancol no n, mch h chc vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 21,6g H2O v 72g hn hp 3
ete. Xc nh CTCT ca hai ancol trn bit 3 ete thu c c s mol bng nhau v phn ng xy ra hon ton?
Bi 6. un 1,66 hn hp hai ancol vi H 2SO4 c, thu c hai anken ng ng k tip ca nhau. Hiu sut gi thit l 100 %. Nu t
hn hp anken cn dng 2,688 lt kh O2 (ktc). Tm cng thc cu to 2 ancol?
Bi 7: iu ch etylen ngi ta un nng ancol etylic 95 0 vi axit H2SO4 c 1700C. Tnh th tch ancol 95 0 cn a vo phn ng
thu c 2 lt etylen (ktc). Bit hiu sut phn ng t 60%, khi lng ring ca etylic l 0,8g/ml. Tnh lng ete sinh ra khi un
nng mt th tich ancol nh trn 1400C vi axit H2SO4 c. Bit hiu sut cng t 60% ?
Bi 8: Kh nc hon ton hn hp hai ancol ta thu c hn hp 2 anken ng ng lin tip co t khi hi i vi H2 l 23,8
a/Tm CTPT vit CTCT v tnh % khi lng ca hai ancol trong hn hp
b/Tnh khi lng CO2 v hi nc to thnh khi t chy han 6,56g hn hp hai ancol trn ?
Bi 9: um m gam hn hp A gm ancol etylic v propylic vi H 2SO4 c ta c hn hp olefin kh X. Ton b X lm mt mu 1lt
dung dch brom 0,5M (va ). Bit t khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 16,8.
a/Tnh gi tr ca m
b/Tnh th tch oxi (ktc) cn t chy 1/10 hn hp A ni trn?
Bi 10: un nng mt ancol n chc vi H2SO4 ta thu hircacbon c cu to i xng, 14g hircacbon tc dng va vi 40g
Br2. Xc nh CTCT ca ancol ban u? s:C2H5OH
BI 2: PHENOL
I. L THUYT
1. Hy vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn c cng thc phn t C 7H8O cha vng benzen. Gi tn v phn loi
chng theo nhm chc.
2. Cho phenol tc dng vi hiro c xc tc Ni v un nng th thu c xiclohexanol. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn
ng v ngh phng php tch ly xiclohexanol v thu hi phenol cn d (da vo tnh cht vt l v ho hc).
3. Hy nhn bit cc cht trong cc nhm sau y da vo tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca chng :
a) Phenol, etanol v xiclohexanol.
b) p-Crezol, glixerol v benzyl clorua.
4. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng sau, v r vng benzen :
a) oBrC6H4CH2Br + NaOH (dd)
;
b) p-HOCH2C6H4OH + HBr
c) mHOCH2C6H4OH + NaOH (dd) ;
d) p-CH3C6H4OH + Br2 (dd)
5. Hin nay, trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch etanol v phenol nh th no ? Vit s phn ng ?
Bi 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bi 2
Cho hp cht c cng thc cu to
HO
CH2OH
Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho vht ny tc dng vi K; KOH; Dung dch Br2; HCl
Bi 3: Cho Na ln lt vo ru etylic; axit axetic; phenol. Trng hp no xy ra phn ng? Nu thay bng dung dch NaOH; Na 2CO3
th kt qu th no. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bi 4: a/ T vi v cc cht v c cn thit hy iu ch phenol v axit picric
b/ Axit benzylic t phenol v ngc li
Bi 5: i t cht ban u l metan, cc cht v c v iu kin phn ng cn thit hy vit phng trnh iu ch:
a/ Nha phenolfomanehit
b/ Anehit benzoic
Bi 6. T Tluen v cc cht v c cn thit, hy vit cc phng trnh iu ch : C6H5CH2OH
b) p CH3C6H4OH
Bi 7. a/ T Benzen c th iu ch c m Nitrophnol
b/ xi ho Xiclohexanol bng axit Nitric c thu c axit Aipic. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng
Bi 8: Bng phng php ha hc hy phn bit cc cht lng:
a/ Benzen; phenol; ru benzylic; stiren; toluen
b/ Phenol; ru n-propylic; glixerin
Bi 9: a/ C 2 ng nghim khng nhn cha tng cht ring bit : ru butylic, phenol (lng). Bng phng php ha hc, hy nhn
bit xem ng nghim no ng cht g ? Vit phng trnh phn ng.
b/ Cho 1 hn hp gm ru butylic v phenol. Bng phng php ha hc , hy tch 2 cht ra khi nhau . Vit phng trnh
phn ng.
II. TON PHENOL
Bi 1:Cho 62,4g dung dch gm phenol, ru etylic c ln nc tc dng vi Na kim loi th thu c 11,2 lt kh (ktc) . Mt khc,
nu cho lng hn hp ny tc dng vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M th va . Tm thnh phn % v khi lng ca hn hp
Bi 2 :a/ Dung dch Natri phenolat b vn c khi thi kh CO2 vo .Vit pt phn ng v gii thch hin tng
b/ Cho nc brom d v dung dch phenol thu c 6,62g kt ta trng. Tnh khi lng phenol c trong dung dch?s:1,88g
Bi 3:Mt dung dch cha 6,1g cht ng ng ca phenol n chc. Cho dung dch trn tc dng vi nc brom d thu c 17,95g
hp cht cha ba nguyn t brom trong phn t .Xc nh CTPT ca cht
Bi 4: Mt hn hp gm ru metylic, ru etylic v phenol c khi lng 28,9g. Chia hn hp thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho
phn ng hon ton vi Na cho 2,806(l) H2 ( 270C, 750mm Hg). Phn 2 cho phn ng va ht vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M
a/ Vit cc phn ng xy ra
b/ Tnh thnh phn % cc cht trong hn hp?
Bi 5 :t chy 5,8g cht hu c Ata thu c 2,65g Na2CO3, 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2
a/ Xc nh C.T.P.T. ca A, bit 1 phn t A ch cha 1 nguyn t oxi
b/ Cho kh CO2 sc vo dung dch ca A thu c cht B l mt dn xut ca benzen . trung ha a(g) hn hp gm B v mt
ng ng tip theo C ca B cn dng 200(g) dung dch NaOH nng (6a/31)%. Tnh t l s mol ca B v C trong hn hp X
Bi 6 : a/ Xc nh thnh phn % khi lng hn hp (A) gm benzen, phenol v ru etylic, bit rng :
* 71,1(g) (A)trung ha va 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,25M
* 142,2(g) (A) tc dng vi Na d gii phng 14,784lt H2 (o 27,3 C , 1 atm)
b/ Tch phenol ra khi 71,1(g) hn hp (A) trn ri cho lng phenol ny tc dng vi 630 (g) HNO3
Phn ng hon ton cho ra 1 sn phm th duy nht cha 18,34% N . Tnh s mol HNO3 cn li
Bi 7: a/ Axit picric(tc 2,4,6_trintophenol) c iu ch bng cch cho phenol tc dng vi hn hp gm axit nitric c v axit
sunfuric c(lm cht xc tc). Vit phng trnh phn ng
b/ Cho 47g phenol tc dng vi hn hp gm 200g HNO 3 68% v 250g H2SO4 96%. Ga s phn ng xy ra hon ton, hy tnh:
Khi lng axit picric sinh ra v nng % HNO3 cn d sau khi tch ht axit picric ra khi hn hp?
Bi 8: Tm CTPT v CTCT cc cht trong mi trng hp sau:
a/ 0,54g mt ng ng ca phenol (n chc) trung ha va bi 10ml NaOH 0,5M
b/ t chy hon ton 1,22g mt ru thm n chc thu c 3,52 g CO2
Bi 9: t chy hon ton 0,324g hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O). Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh cha 380ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2
0,05ml ta thy kt ta b tan mt phn ng thi khi lng bnh tng ln 1,14g.Cn nu sn phm chy dn qua 220ml dung dch
Ba(OH)2 0,1M th kt ta cc i.
Tm CTPT ca X bit rng t khi hi ca X so vi He l 27
Bi 10: Hn hp gm axit benzoic v phenol lm mt mu va 1,5kg nc Brom 3,2%. trung ha cc cht sau th nghim phi
dng 180,2ml dung dch NaOH 10% (D=1,11 g/ml). Xc nh thnh phn hn hp