2: forces on surfaces CHEE 3363 Spring 2014 Handout 9
Reading: Fox 4.4 (continued)
1 Learning objectives for lecture 1. Apply conservation of linear momentum to determine forces in idealized geometries. 2. Apply conservation of linear momentum to determine other physical quantities related to force. 2 Example: force exerted on pipe 1 Given: 180 degree bend, gage pressure p g at inlet, discharges to p atm at outlet. A 1 area of inlet, A 2 outlet, inlet velocity V 1 . Control volume: Find: force to hold elbow F e A 1 A 2 Assumptions: F e 3 Momentum fux equation: Example: force exerted on pipe 2 A 1 A 2 F e 4 Continuity: Given: 180 degree bend, gage pressure p g at inlet, discharges to p atm at outlet. A 1 area of inlet, A 2 outlet, inlet velocity V 1 . Find: force to hold elbow F e
Example: force on plate 1 5 Given: water jet of speed V impinges on plate with hole in center. Find: external force required to hold plate in place if jet leaving also has speed V. Momentum fux equation: Assumptions: Control volume:
Example: force on plate 2 6 Given: water jet of speed V impinges on plate with hole in center. Find: external force required to hold plate in place if jet leaving also has speed V. Example: tilted plane 1 7 Given: plane jet striking inclined plane at angle . The incoming jet thickness is h, and the outgoing thicknesses are h 2 and h 3 as shown. There is no frictional force. Find: h 2 /h as a function of . Momentum fux equation: Assumptions: Control volume: Example: tilted plane 2 8 Given: plane jet striking inclined plane at angle . The incoming jet thickness is h, and the outgoing thicknesses are h 2 and h 3 as shown. There is no frictional force. Find: h 2 /h as a function of . Example: nozzle for spray system 1 9 Given: Nozzle for spray system produces a sheet of water over 180 degrees of arc at velocity V 2 and thickness t. The nozzle discharge radius is R. The diameter of the supply pipe is D and the inlet pressure is p 1 (absolute). Find: axial force exerted by spray nozzle on coupling. Control volume: Conservation of momentum: Assumptions: Example: nozzle for spray system 2 10 Given: Nozzle for spray system produces a sheet of water over 180 degrees of arc at velocity V 2 and thickness t. The nozzle discharge radius is R. The diameter of the supply pipe is D and the inlet pressure is p 1 (absolute). Find: axial force exerted by spray nozzle on coupling. Example: nozzle for spray system 3 11 Given: Nozzle for spray system produces a sheet of water over 180 degrees of arc at velocity V 2 and thickness t. The nozzle discharge radius is R. The diameter of the supply pipe is D and the inlet pressure is p 1 (absolute). Find: axial force exerted by spray nozzle on coupling.
Example: spring + hinge 1 12 Given: Free jet of water (velocity V) with constant cross-sectional area A deflected by a hinged plate of length L supported by spring, constant k, uncompressed length x 0 . Find: deflection angle as a function of jet speed V. Control volume: Momentum fux equation: Assumptions:
Example: spring + hinge 2 13 Given: Free jet of water (velocity V) with constant cross-sectional area A deflected by a hinged plate of length L supported by spring, constant k, uncompressed length x 0 . Find: deflection angle as a function of jet speed V. F = F S +F B =
t Z CV V XYZ dV + Z CS V XYZ V XYZ dA Inertial coordinate system 14 In a moving inertial frame of reference (which does not accelerate): XYZ: stationary coordinate system xyz: coordinates attached to moving control volume x y z X Y Z V CV Example: non-accelerating cart 1 15 Given: Water from stationary nozzle impinges on moving vane with turning angle . Vane moves away from cart with constant speed U and receives a jet that leaves nozzle of area A with speed V. Find: Force to maintain constant vane speed. Control volume: Momentum fux equations: Assumptions: Example: non-accelerating cart 2 16 Given: Water from stationary nozzle impinges on moving vane with turning angle . Vane moves away from cart with constant speed U and receives a jet that leaves nozzle of area A with speed V. Find: Force to maintain constant vane speed.