FICSIT-4

(Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques)

Tests of Static Balance: parallel, semi-tandem, tandem, and one-legged stance tests
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, Vol 50, Issue 6 M29 !M29", #o$yrig%t & 995 'y (%e Gerontological Society of A)erica M*+(I#,-(,. S(*/0 A cross!sectional 1alidation study of t%e 2I#SI( co))on data 'ase static 'alance )easures3 2railty and In4uries: #oo$erati1e Studies of Inter1ention (ec%ni5ues J, .ossiter!2ornoff, S+ 6olf, +I 6olfson and /M Buc%ner /i1ision of Biostatistics, 6as%ington *ni1ersity Sc%ool of Medicine, St3 +ouis, *SA3 BA#7G.8*-/3 (9o si)$le 'alance scales co)$rising t%ree or four fa)iliar tests of static 'alance 9ere de1elo$ed, and t%eir 1alidity and relia'ility are descri'ed3 (%e scales 9ere suc% t%at t%e relati1e difficulties of t%e 'asic tests 9ere ta:en into consideration3 M,(;8/S3 *sing 2I#SI( data, 2is%er<s )et%od 9as used to construct scales co)'ining a'ility to )aintain 'alance in parallel, semi-tandem, tandem, and one-legged stances3 .elia'ility 9as inferred fro) t%e sta'ility of t%e )easure o1er =!> )ont%s3 #onstruct 1alidity 9as assessed 'y cross! sectional correlations3 .,S*+(S3 (est!retest relia'ility ?o1er =!> )ont%s@ 9as good ?r A 366@3 Validity of t%e 2I#SI(!= scale 9as suggested 'y its lo9 correlation 9it% age, its )oderate to %ig% correlations 9it% $%ysical function )easures, and t%ree 'alance assess)ent syste)s3 (%e 2I#SI(!> scale discri)inated 'alance o1er a 9ide range of %ealt% statusB t%e t%ree!test scale %ad a su'stantial ceiling effect in co))unity sa)$les3 #8-#+*SI8-3 A 'alance scale 9as de1elo$ed t%at a$$ears to %a1e acce$ta'le relia'ility, 1alidity, and discri)inant a'ility3 Timing is stopped if: C the person displaces their stance foot C the suspended foot touches the ground C the suspended foot touches the other calf for support (cue the person to avoid this)
I-S(.*#(I8-S: /e)onstrate eac% $osition to t%e su'4ect, t%en as: t%e) to $erfor) and ti)e3

2! 3 FEET CLOSELY TOGET E!, *-S*DD8.(,/, e"es open ?.8MB,.G D8SI(I8-@ I-S(.*#(I8-S: Stand still 9it% your feet toget%er as de)onstrated for 0 seconds3 [Berg #7 = 60 seconds] > a'le to stand 0 seconds safely = a'le to stand 0 seconds 9it% su$er1ision 2 a'le to stand = seconds una'le to stand = seconds 'ut stays steady 0 needs %el$ to :ee$ fro) falling If su'4ect is a'le to do t%is, $roceed to t%e neEt $osition, if not, sto$3 2!23 FEET CLOSELY TOGET E!, *-S*DD8.(,/, e"es closed ?.8MB,.G D8SI(I8-@ I-S(.*#(I8-S: Dlease close your eyes and stand still 9it% your feet toget%er as de)onstrated for 0 seconds3 > a'le to stand 0 seconds safely = a'le to stand 0 seconds 9it% su$er1ision 2 a'le to stand = seconds una'le to :ee$ eyes closed = seconds 'ut stays steady

0 needs %el$ to :ee$ fro) falling If su'4ect is a'le to do t%is, $roceed to t%e neEt $osition, if not, sto$3

2!=3 SE#I-T$%&E#: e"es open ;,,+ 82 288( D+A#,/ (8 (;, SI/, 82 (;, S( (8, 82 (;, 8DD8SI(, 288( ?S*BJ,#( #;88S,S 6;I#; 288( G8,S 28.6A./@ I-S(.*#(I8-S: Dlease stand still 9it% your feet toget%er as de)onstrated for 0 seconds3 > a'le to stand 0 seconds safely = a'le to stand 0 seconds 9it% su$er1ision 2 a'le to stand = seconds una'le to stand = seconds 'ut stays steady 0 needs %el$ to :ee$ fro) falling If su'4ect is a'le to do t%is, $roceed to t%e neEt $osition, if not, sto$3 2!>3 SE#I-T$%&E#: e"es closed ;,,+ 82 288( D+A#,/ (8 (;, SI/, 82 (;, S( (8, 82 (;, 8DD8SI(, 288( ?S*BJ,#( #;88S,S 6;I#; 288( G8,S 28.6A./@ I-S(.*#(I8-S: Dlease close your eyes and stand still 9it% your feet toget%er as de)onstrated for 0 seconds3 > a'le to stand 0 seconds safely = a'le to stand 0 seconds 9it% su$er1ision 2 a'le to stand = seconds una'le to :ee$ eyes closed = seconds 'ut stays steady 0 needs %el$ to :ee$ fro) falling If su'4ect is a'le to do t%is, $roceed to t%e neEt $osition, if not, sto$3 2!53 F'LL T$%&E#: e"es open ;,,+ 82 288( /I.,#(+0 I- 2.8-( 82 (;, 8(;,. 288( ?S*BJ,#( #;88S,S 6;I#; 288( G8,S 28.6A./@ [Berg # ! = "0 seconds] I-S(.*#(I8-S: Dlease stand still 9it% your feet toget%er as de)onstrated for 0 seconds3 > a'le to stand 0 seconds safely = a'le to stand 0 seconds 9it% su$er1ision 2 a'le to stand = seconds una'le to stand = seconds 'ut stays steady 0 needs %el$ to :ee$ fro) falling If su'4ect is a'le to do t%is, $roceed to t%e neEt $osition, if not, sto$3 2!63 F'LL T$%&E#: e"es closed ;,,+ 82 288( /I.,#(+0 I- 2.8-( 82 (;, 8(;,. 288( ?S*BJ,#( #;88S,S 6;I#; 288( G8,S 28.6A./@ I-S(.*#(I8-S: Dlease stand still 9it% your feet toget%er as de)onstrated for 0 seconds3 > a'le to stand 0 seconds safely = a'le to stand 0 seconds 9it% su$er1ision 2 a'le to stand = seconds una'le to stand = seconds 'ut stays steady 0 needs %el$ to :ee$ fro) falling If su'4ect is a'le to do t%is, $roceed to t%e neEt $osition, if not, sto$ 2!"3 ST$%&I%G O% O%E LEG: e"es open [#ame as Berg # "] I-S(.*#(I8-S: Stand on one leg as long as you can 9it%out %olding3 > a'le to lift leg inde$endently and %old F 0 seconds = a'le to lift leg inde$endently and %old 5! 0 seconds 2 a'le to lift leg inde$endently and %old A or F= seconds tries to lift leg una'le to %old = seconds 'ut re)ains standing inde$endently 0 una'le to try or needs assist to $re1ent fall

(otal 2I#SI(!> Static Balance score A GGGG H 2I